Efficient Switching Between Wifi and Cellular Networks for Robust Internet Connectivity
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
NEXT GENERATION MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS: 5G CELLULAR INFRASTRUCTURE JULY-SEPT 2020 the Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
VOLUME 36, NUMBER 3 July-September 2020 Article Page 2 References Page 17 Next Generation Mobile Wireless Networks: Authors Dr. Rendong Bai 5G Cellular Infrastructure Associate Professor Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Vigs Chandra Professor and Coordinator Cyber Systems Technology Programs Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Ray Richardson Professor Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Peter Ping Liu Professor and Interim Chair School of Technology Eastern Illinois University Keywords: The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering© is an official Mobile Networks; 5G Wireless; Internet of Things; publication of the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Millimeter Waves; Beamforming; Small Cells; Wi-Fi 6 Engineering, Copyright 2020 ATMAE 701 Exposition Place Suite 206 SUBMITTED FOR PEER – REFEREED Raleigh, NC 27615 www. atmae.org JULY-SEPT 2020 The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering Next Generation Mobile Wireless Networks: Dr. Rendong Bai is an Associate 5G Cellular Infrastructure Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. From 2008 to 2018, ABSTRACT he served as an Assistant/ The requirement for wireless network speed and capacity is growing dramatically. A significant amount Associate Professor at Eastern of data will be mobile and transmitted among phones and Internet of things (IoT) devices. The current Illinois University. He received 4G wireless technology provides reasonably high data rates and video streaming capabilities. However, his B.S. degree in aircraft the incremental improvements on current 4G networks will not satisfy the ever-growing demands of manufacturing engineering users and applications. -
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 7, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 36-42 www.iosrjournals.org Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1 2 3 4 Emad Kazi , Rajan Pillai , Uzair Qureshi , Awab Fakih 1,2,3,4 (Electronics and Telecommunication, Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar technical campus (AIKTC), Mumbai University, India) Abstract:The number of people using mobile phone in the world has exceeded 4.5 billion and this figure is continuing to grow. For the past several years, mobile data traffic such as internet access, the downloading of music and video communication has been nearly tripling every year. With the popularity of smartphones, mobile data traffic will increase 200 times in the 7 to 8 years upto 2020.There are high expectations that Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is known as 3.9G wireless system will be a new service platform that can support a huge amount of mobile data traffic. This paper describes the features, technology and network architecture of LTE & also provides an overview of next generation telecommunication network LTE, which is started commercially in December 2010 in Japan (started by DOCOMO), realizing high speed wireless access. It also outlines the further trends towards a further speed increase. Keywords-Circuit Switching, GSM, HSPA, LTE, Packet Switching, WiMAX I. Introduction In times when mobile devices are getting more popular the mobile network are becoming more and more important too. Websites are not same they used to be 10 years ago. They consist of with quality pictures, animation, flash application and more. -
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in Accordance with Art
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules 2020 www.rtr.at 2020 Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH) Mariahilfer Straße 77–79, 1060 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 (0)1 58058-0; fax: +43 (0)1 58058-9191; e-mail: [email protected] www.rtr.at RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT 2020 Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules Contents Contents Net Neutrality Report 2020 1 Preface and executive summary 6 2 Introduction: stakeholders and institutions in enforcement 10 3 Timeline of regulatory authority activities 14 4 Potential violations of net neutrality and associated procedures 16 4.1 Blocking of TCP/UDP ports or protocols 19 4.2 Private IP addresses and services 21 4.3 Disconnection of IP connections 22 4.4 Blocking websites due to copyright claims 22 4.5 Decisions concerning Art. 4 TSM Regulation 24 4.6 Review of R 3/16 by the BVwG 25 4.7 Overview of suspected breaches of net neutrality 28 4.8 Measures taken/applied in accordance with Art. 5(1) 29 4.9 Zero-rating monitoring activities 32 5 Other indicators and activities 38 5.1 RTR conciliation procedures 38 5.2 General requests 39 5.3 Indicators of continuous availability of non-discriminatory IAS 39 6 Focus Topic: internet during the corona crisis 48 6.1 Traffic management measures in accordance with Art. -
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System Jonathan Weinbergt In troduction .............................................................................................. 2 11 I. B ackground ...................................................................................... 2 14 A . InternetA rchitecture................................................................ 215 B . Telephone Regulation .............................................................. 217 1. The Federal-State Divide ................................................. 218 2. Comp uter II ...................................................................... 220 3. The 1996 Telecommunications Act ................................. 222 II. The Internet and Universal Service Mechanisms ............................ 225 A. The Report to Congress on Universal Service ......................... 225 B. The Breakdown of the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction................................................................................ 227 C. Why the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction Doesn't Work ........................................................ 232 D. Universal Service Redux .......................................................... 234 III. The Internet and Access Charges .................................................... 239 A . The Status Q uo ......................................................................... 239 B . Beyond the -
Children's Internet Access at Home
Chapter: 1/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: Family Characteristics Children’s Internet Access at Home In 2018, some 94 percent of 3- to 18-year-olds had home internet access: 88 percent had access through a computer, and 6 percent had access only through a smartphone. The remaining 6 percent had no internet access at home. This indicator uses data from the American Community In 2018, some 94 percent of 3- to 18-year-olds had home Survey (ACS) to describe the percentage of 3- to 18-year- internet access: 88 percent had access through a computer,1 olds with home internet access and the percentage with and 6 percent had access only through a smartphone.2 home internet access only through a smartphone in 2018. The remaining 6 percent had no internet access at home. This indicator also uses data from the Current Population Compared with 2018, the percentages with home internet Survey (CPS) to examine the main reasons reported for access through a computer and with access only through not having access in 2017, which is the most recent year a smartphone were lower in 2016 (87 and 5 percent, such data were collected by CPS. respectively). 2016 was the first year data on internet access through smartphones were collected by ACS. The Condition of Education 2020 | 1 Children’s Internet Access at Home Chapter: 1/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: Family Characteristics Figure 1. Percentage of 3- to 18-year-olds who had home internet access, by child’s race/ethnicity: 2018 Percent 96 98 97 100 94 90 91 90 87 80 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total1 White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander American Two or Indian/ more races Alaska Native Race/ethnicity 1 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. -
Cellular Wireless Networks
CHAPTER10 CELLULAR WIRELESS NETwORKS 10.1 Principles of Cellular Networks Cellular Network Organization Operation of Cellular Systems Mobile Radio Propagation Effects Fading in the Mobile Environment 10.2 Cellular Network Generations First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation 10.3 LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced Architecture LTE-Advanced Transission Characteristics 10.4 Recommended Reading 10.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 302 10.1 / PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR NETWORKS 303 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ◆ Provide an overview of cellular network organization. ◆ Distinguish among four generations of mobile telephony. ◆ Understand the relative merits of time-division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) approaches to mobile telephony. ◆ Present an overview of LTE-Advanced. Of all the tremendous advances in data communications and telecommunica- tions, perhaps the most revolutionary is the development of cellular networks. Cellular technology is the foundation of mobile wireless communications and supports users in locations that are not easily served by wired networks. Cellular technology is the underlying technology for mobile telephones, personal communications systems, wireless Internet and wireless Web appli- cations, and much more. We begin this chapter with a look at the basic principles used in all cellular networks. Then we look at specific cellular technologies and stan- dards, which are conveniently grouped into four generations. Finally, we examine LTE-Advanced, which is the standard for the fourth generation, in more detail. 10.1 PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR NETWORKS Cellular radio is a technique that was developed to increase the capacity available for mobile radio telephone service. Prior to the introduction of cellular radio, mobile radio telephone service was only provided by a high-power transmitter/ receiver. -
Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics
NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Sam Brothers Wayne Jansen http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-101r1 NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory Sam Brothers U.S. Customs and Border Protection Department of Homeland Security Springfield, VA Wayne Jansen Booz-Allen-Hamilton McLean, VA http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP. 800-101r1 May 2014 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director Authority This publication has been developed by NIST in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA), 44 U.S.C. § 3541 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 107-347. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for Federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate Federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems. This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, Section 8b(3), Securing Agency Information Systems, as analyzed in Circular A- 130, Appendix IV: Analysis of Key Sections. Supplemental information is provided in Circular A- 130, Appendix III, Security of Federal Automated Information Resources. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on Federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. -
Broadband Impact Nunavut Screen-Based Industry
Scoping the Future of Broadband ’s Impact on Nunavut’s Screen-Based Industry Borealis Telecommunications Inc. BorealisTelecom.com March 31st, 2020 The future is already here - it is just not very evenly distributed - William Ford Gibson Table of Content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 SECTION 1 – NUNAVUT’S BROADBAND CONTEXT 6 CURRENT STATE OF CONNECTIVITY 7 FUNDING PROGRAMS DILEMMA 8 TELESAT FLEET 9 SES FLEET 9 BACKGROUND HISTORY 10 DEVELOPING FACTORS 12 FUNDING INSTRUMENT ANNOUNCED IN THE 2019 FEDERAL BUDGET 13 ONGOING TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS 14 FIBRE BACKBONES 14 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY 19 SECTION 2 - NUNAVUT-WIDE CAPACITY REQUIREMENT OUTLOOK 22 PREDICTIVE MODEL AND METHODOLOGY 22 PREDICTION MODEL ASSESSMENT VARIABLES 22 BANDWIDTH NEEDS PER COMMUNITY 26 NUNAVUT WIDE TOTAL BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS 2017 26 ADJUSTING THE NUMBERS FOR 2020 AND UP 28 POPULATION GROWTH 29 BANDWIDTH GROWTH 29 SECTION 3 – BROADBAND PROGRAMS 33 CRTC BROADBAND FUND 33 INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (ISED) 35 CANADA INFRASTRUCTURE BANK 35 SECTION 4 – BACKBONE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT 37 SATELLITE 37 SATELLITE DEVELOPMENT COST 37 FIBRE BACKBONE 39 i CLOSEST FIBRE-OPTIC POINT OF PRESENCE 39 SECTION 5 – CONTENT DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY 41 MARKET INDICATORS 42 VIEWERSHIP 42 REVENUES 43 MEDIA CONTENT 44 NUNAVUT’S SCREEN-BASED INDUSTRY 45 VIDEO FILES 45 CONNECTIVITY LIMITATIONS 46 PRODUCTION TIME IMPACT 46 PRE-PRODUCTION 47 PRODUCTION 47 POST-PRODUCTION 47 TRAINING AND MENTORSHIP 48 DEVELOPING INUIT TV 49 STREAMING ON-DEMAND PLATFORM 50 INUIT TV STREAMING SERVICE ROADMAP -
Cellular Network Sunsetting
Cellular Network Sunsetting By Dave Anderson, Senior IoCP Program Manager The use of acronyms by the cellular industry is extensive. 3GPP, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, CDMA, 1xRTT, HSPA, GPRS, EV-DO, GSM, NB-IoT, and many others are examples of the plethora of technologies and descriptions used to ultimately describe the actual hardware and service used by a device to connect to various networks to communicate information. This complexity pales in comparison to the FCC spectrum allocation chart shown in Fig 1. The chart depicts the frequency spectrums where toys, TV, radio, military, medical, marine radios, satellites, space telescopes and all the other frequency uses in the United States. Other countries have their own versions of this chart. Cellular technology utilizes a very small portion of this chart, yet occupies a large portion of everyday life in today’s connected society. Figure 1 Close examination of this chart will show that there are no open or available blocks of spectrum, so as new technologies are developed they must either layer on top of existing technologies, or aging technologies must be turned off or ‘sunset’ to free up spectrum for newer technologies. The cell phone industry has diligently worked to define a consumer market where the expectation is to replace this communication device with contract renewal type regularity. From a consumer point of view, the older technologies are usually long passed before a sunset event would force a phone upgrade. In parallel to the explosive cell phone market growth is the industrial usage of the cellular communication networks. The presence of a cellular network removes the necessity for wired connections and makes mobile monitoring possible for a number of industries. -
Indonesia Internet Case Study 3. the End of the Free Internet Market
Indonesia Internet Case Study 3 The End of the Free Internet Market 31 Market developments TelkomNet calculates subscribers based on usage over the last month# Indonesia connected to the global Ironically, Telkom had been prevented Internet in 1994, as a result of from entering the ISP market prior to pioneering efforts by the academic and 1997# At that time, the government research community# One of the first wanted to promote new players in the links was a 64 Kbps line to the US, market, especially Small and Medium opened in May 1994 by the Indonesian Enterprises (SMEs)# However the SMEs Science and Technology Network did not perform well so the law was (IPTEKnet)# PT Indo Internet (Indonet) changed to allow bigger companies in claims to have been the first commercial and to attract investment# ISP, launching services in 1994# By the end of 1995, there were some 16 ISPs, Indosat also provides ISP services and 20'000 users and 640 Kbps of had over 40'000 dial-up subscribers international Internet connectivity#5 At at the end of 2000# Growth was the beginning of 2001, there were some stagnant in 2000# Indosat claims that 150 licensed ISPs of which about 60 this was partly related to delays in obtaining leased lines from Telkom# Another factor was the launch of 'free' (users still have to pay telephone dial- up charges) Internet access by LinkNet in April 2000# By the end of 2000, LinkNet had signed up 197'000 subscribers, making it the country's largest ISP# LinkNet had hoped to make money through advertising and e-commerce transaction -
Cdma2000 1X Capacity Decrease by Power Control Error in High Speed Train Environment
CDMA2000 1X CAPACITY DECREASE BY POWER CONTROL ERROR IN HIGH SPEED TRAIN ENVIRONMENT Simon Shin, Tae-Kyun Park, Byeung-Cheol Kim, and Yong-Ha Jeon Network R&D Center, SK Telecom, 9-1, Sunae-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyunggi-do, South Korea Dongwoo Kim School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Hanyang Univ. 1271 Sa-dong, Ansan, Kyungki-do 425-791, South Korea Keywords: CDMA2000 1X, Doppler shift, capacity, power control, Korea Train Express Abstract: CDMA2000 1X capacity was analysed in the high speed train environment. We calculated the power control error by Doppler shift and simulated bit error rate (BER) at the base station. We made the interference model and calculated the BER from lower bound of power control error variance. The reverse link BER was increased by high velocity although there was no coverage reduction. Capacity decrease was negligible in the pedestrian (5 km/h), urban vehicular(40 km/h), highway and railroad(100 km/h) environment. However, capacity was severely reduced in high speed train condition(300 km/h and 350 km/h). Cell-planning considering capacity as well as coverage is essential for successful cellular service in high speed train. 1 INTRODUCTION train with 300 km/h velocity. Received power, transmitted power, and pilot chip energy to Cellular mobile telephone and data communication interference ratio (Ec/Io) of mobile station were not correlated with the mobile velocity. We could serve services are very popular. Cellular service is usable in anywhere, even though tunnel, sea, and successfully the CDMA2000 1X in the KTX by underground places. Railroads and highways are existing cellular network. -
4G LTE Standards
Standard of 4G LTE Jia SHEN CAICT 1 Course Objectives: Evolution of LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced pro 2 2 Evolution of LTE/LTE-A technology standard Peak rate LTE-Advanced 3Gbps R10 R11 R12 LTE • Distributed • D2D R9 antenna • TDD Flexible 300Mbps R8 • dual layer CoMP slot beamformi • Enhanced allocation ng • CA MIMO • 3D MIMO • Terminal • Enhanced • OFDM • Enhanced CA • … location MIMO • MIMO • … technology • Relay • … • HetNet 2008 2009 • … 2011 2012 2014 Terminal location technology dual layer3 beamforming CA Enhanced antenna Relay Course Objectives: Evolution of LTE-Advanced CA Enhanced MIMO CoMP eICIC Relay LTE-Advanced pro 4 4 Principle of carrier aggregation (CA) Carrier aggregation • In order to satisfy the design of LTE-A system with the maximum bandwidth of 100MHz, and to maintain the backward compatibility,3GPP proposed carrier aggregation. In the LTE-A system, the maximum bandwidth of a single carrier is 20MHz Participate in the aggregati on of the various LTE carrier is known as the LTE-A mem ber carrier (Component Car rier, CC) Standard Considering the backward compatibility of LTE system, the maximum bandwidth of a single carrier unit is 20M Hz in the LTE-A system. All carrier units will be designed to be compatible with LTE, but at this stage it does not exclude the considerati on of non - backward compatible carriers. In the LTE-A FDD system, the terminal can be configured to aggregate different bandwidth, different number o f carriers. For TDD LTE-A systems, the number of uplink and downlink carriers is the same in a typical scence. In the LTE-A system, CA supports up to 5 DL carriers.