CDMA2000 1X Network Evolution to 3G
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The Year of Globalisation for Cdmaone™ by Perry Laforge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA
The Year of Globalisation for cdmaOne™ by Perry LaForge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA Abstract The adoption rate, of cdmaOne™ has been the fastest of any wireless technology to date. It is already used in more than 30 countries around the world, serving over 7.8 million customers on five continents. The prediction is that by the year 2000 there will be about 60 million Wireless Local Loop (WLL) subscribers around the world, which represents 15% of the global mobile market, and growing to 200 million subscribers by 2005. Here, Mr. Perry LaForge of the COMA Development Group explains why he believes 1998 is the year of globalisation for the technology. The adoption rate of cdmaOne has been the fastest of any technology to date, and its adoption by major high growth wireless markets around the globe will continue to fuel subscriber growth and improve worldwide economies of scale. CDMA in Europe The unique, inherent advantages of cdmaOne, such as superior voice quality, longer battery life, and unexcelled call capacity have prompted enthusiasm for the technology even in Europe, where competing standards have historically dominated the marketplace. Nowhere is this demonstrated more clearly than the preliminary results of a field trial conducted in the UK by Vodafone Ltd. and QUALCOMM, Inc. The trial successfully displayed the technical feasibility of cdmaOne-Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) integration, while maintaining cdmaOne over-the-air performance. Elsewhere in Europe, cdmaOne fixed wireless networks are being adopted in Poland, Ukraine and Russia. Customer Satisfaction In North America, where the competition from other digital technologies is most intense, cdmaOne has emerged as the dominant wireless standard. -
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 7, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 36-42 www.iosrjournals.org Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1 2 3 4 Emad Kazi , Rajan Pillai , Uzair Qureshi , Awab Fakih 1,2,3,4 (Electronics and Telecommunication, Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar technical campus (AIKTC), Mumbai University, India) Abstract:The number of people using mobile phone in the world has exceeded 4.5 billion and this figure is continuing to grow. For the past several years, mobile data traffic such as internet access, the downloading of music and video communication has been nearly tripling every year. With the popularity of smartphones, mobile data traffic will increase 200 times in the 7 to 8 years upto 2020.There are high expectations that Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is known as 3.9G wireless system will be a new service platform that can support a huge amount of mobile data traffic. This paper describes the features, technology and network architecture of LTE & also provides an overview of next generation telecommunication network LTE, which is started commercially in December 2010 in Japan (started by DOCOMO), realizing high speed wireless access. It also outlines the further trends towards a further speed increase. Keywords-Circuit Switching, GSM, HSPA, LTE, Packet Switching, WiMAX I. Introduction In times when mobile devices are getting more popular the mobile network are becoming more and more important too. Websites are not same they used to be 10 years ago. They consist of with quality pictures, animation, flash application and more. -
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in Accordance with Art
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules 2020 www.rtr.at 2020 Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH) Mariahilfer Straße 77–79, 1060 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 (0)1 58058-0; fax: +43 (0)1 58058-9191; e-mail: [email protected] www.rtr.at RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT 2020 Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules Contents Contents Net Neutrality Report 2020 1 Preface and executive summary 6 2 Introduction: stakeholders and institutions in enforcement 10 3 Timeline of regulatory authority activities 14 4 Potential violations of net neutrality and associated procedures 16 4.1 Blocking of TCP/UDP ports or protocols 19 4.2 Private IP addresses and services 21 4.3 Disconnection of IP connections 22 4.4 Blocking websites due to copyright claims 22 4.5 Decisions concerning Art. 4 TSM Regulation 24 4.6 Review of R 3/16 by the BVwG 25 4.7 Overview of suspected breaches of net neutrality 28 4.8 Measures taken/applied in accordance with Art. 5(1) 29 4.9 Zero-rating monitoring activities 32 5 Other indicators and activities 38 5.1 RTR conciliation procedures 38 5.2 General requests 39 5.3 Indicators of continuous availability of non-discriminatory IAS 39 6 Focus Topic: internet during the corona crisis 48 6.1 Traffic management measures in accordance with Art. -
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System Jonathan Weinbergt In troduction .............................................................................................. 2 11 I. B ackground ...................................................................................... 2 14 A . InternetA rchitecture................................................................ 215 B . Telephone Regulation .............................................................. 217 1. The Federal-State Divide ................................................. 218 2. Comp uter II ...................................................................... 220 3. The 1996 Telecommunications Act ................................. 222 II. The Internet and Universal Service Mechanisms ............................ 225 A. The Report to Congress on Universal Service ......................... 225 B. The Breakdown of the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction................................................................................ 227 C. Why the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction Doesn't Work ........................................................ 232 D. Universal Service Redux .......................................................... 234 III. The Internet and Access Charges .................................................... 239 A . The Status Q uo ......................................................................... 239 B . Beyond the -
Children's Internet Access at Home
Chapter: 1/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: Family Characteristics Children’s Internet Access at Home In 2018, some 94 percent of 3- to 18-year-olds had home internet access: 88 percent had access through a computer, and 6 percent had access only through a smartphone. The remaining 6 percent had no internet access at home. This indicator uses data from the American Community In 2018, some 94 percent of 3- to 18-year-olds had home Survey (ACS) to describe the percentage of 3- to 18-year- internet access: 88 percent had access through a computer,1 olds with home internet access and the percentage with and 6 percent had access only through a smartphone.2 home internet access only through a smartphone in 2018. The remaining 6 percent had no internet access at home. This indicator also uses data from the Current Population Compared with 2018, the percentages with home internet Survey (CPS) to examine the main reasons reported for access through a computer and with access only through not having access in 2017, which is the most recent year a smartphone were lower in 2016 (87 and 5 percent, such data were collected by CPS. respectively). 2016 was the first year data on internet access through smartphones were collected by ACS. The Condition of Education 2020 | 1 Children’s Internet Access at Home Chapter: 1/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: Family Characteristics Figure 1. Percentage of 3- to 18-year-olds who had home internet access, by child’s race/ethnicity: 2018 Percent 96 98 97 100 94 90 91 90 87 80 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total1 White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander American Two or Indian/ more races Alaska Native Race/ethnicity 1 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. -
Secure Cdma Wireless Handset
SECURE CDMA WIRELESS HANDSET SECURE VOICE COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA CONNECTIVITY COMBINED WITH WIRELESS CONVENIENCE The QSec®-2700 is a wireless handset that provides secure voice and secure commercial encypted data connectivity using advanced encryption for AES. Operating over 800 MHz and 1900 MHz CDMA commercial wireless networks, the QSec®-2700 handset looks, feels, and functions like a feature-rich commercial wireless handset. The QSec®-2700 handset features an embedded security solution that provides end-to-end, out-of-the-box security that is designed to meet the needs of of users requiring a higher level of encryption over existing commercial capabilities. > Fully Integrated, Multi-Band > End-to-End Voice and The QSec®-2700 Handset: Data Security • Requires no add-on module; security is integral to the handset. > Operates Over Commercial 800/1900 MHz CDMA • Requires no security token for secure voice or data. Networks • Offers a variety of CDMA2000®1X wireless features with clear data speeds up to 153 Kbps. > E911/A-GPS Capable > Supports WPS www.qualcomm.com/qgov QSec®-2700 Handset Handset Kit Includes • QSec®-2700 CDMA Dual Band Handset with 800/1900MHz • User Guide Handset Headset Earpiece • Standard Battery Audio Jack • Slim Battery Far Field Speaker • Leather Case (On Back) Large Color • Global Travel Charger Push to Talk Display (Future) Other Capabilities/ Features Send Key • CDMA2000/cdmaOne™-Capable (To Originate Clear and Secure Calls) • Software upgradeable by user Handset • Secure async data capable Microphone • High-performance -
Broadband Impact Nunavut Screen-Based Industry
Scoping the Future of Broadband ’s Impact on Nunavut’s Screen-Based Industry Borealis Telecommunications Inc. BorealisTelecom.com March 31st, 2020 The future is already here - it is just not very evenly distributed - William Ford Gibson Table of Content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 SECTION 1 – NUNAVUT’S BROADBAND CONTEXT 6 CURRENT STATE OF CONNECTIVITY 7 FUNDING PROGRAMS DILEMMA 8 TELESAT FLEET 9 SES FLEET 9 BACKGROUND HISTORY 10 DEVELOPING FACTORS 12 FUNDING INSTRUMENT ANNOUNCED IN THE 2019 FEDERAL BUDGET 13 ONGOING TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS 14 FIBRE BACKBONES 14 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY 19 SECTION 2 - NUNAVUT-WIDE CAPACITY REQUIREMENT OUTLOOK 22 PREDICTIVE MODEL AND METHODOLOGY 22 PREDICTION MODEL ASSESSMENT VARIABLES 22 BANDWIDTH NEEDS PER COMMUNITY 26 NUNAVUT WIDE TOTAL BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS 2017 26 ADJUSTING THE NUMBERS FOR 2020 AND UP 28 POPULATION GROWTH 29 BANDWIDTH GROWTH 29 SECTION 3 – BROADBAND PROGRAMS 33 CRTC BROADBAND FUND 33 INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (ISED) 35 CANADA INFRASTRUCTURE BANK 35 SECTION 4 – BACKBONE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT 37 SATELLITE 37 SATELLITE DEVELOPMENT COST 37 FIBRE BACKBONE 39 i CLOSEST FIBRE-OPTIC POINT OF PRESENCE 39 SECTION 5 – CONTENT DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY 41 MARKET INDICATORS 42 VIEWERSHIP 42 REVENUES 43 MEDIA CONTENT 44 NUNAVUT’S SCREEN-BASED INDUSTRY 45 VIDEO FILES 45 CONNECTIVITY LIMITATIONS 46 PRODUCTION TIME IMPACT 46 PRE-PRODUCTION 47 PRODUCTION 47 POST-PRODUCTION 47 TRAINING AND MENTORSHIP 48 DEVELOPING INUIT TV 49 STREAMING ON-DEMAND PLATFORM 50 INUIT TV STREAMING SERVICE ROADMAP -
Smart Devices and Services Connected by CDMA2000 WHITE PAPER WHITE
Smart Devices and Services Connected by CDMA2000 WHITE PAPER WHITE This paper explores the application opportunities, technology requirements and business benefits arising from machine-to- machine (M2M) communication. Intelligent device networking is the next big thing in information technology. It will enable the transition from “dumb” products to smart products as portals into a whole new world of customer value-creation and “smart services.” CDMA-based wireless networks are at the forefront of this transformation. This paper is for the vast community of play- ers that make up the CDMA2000® M2M ecosystem. M2M solution providers, device suppliers, network operators, system integra- tors, thought leaders in various vertical markets, and investors will benefit from this exploration. Harbor Research, Inc. SAN FRANCISCO | LONDON Smart Devices and Services Connected by CDMA2000 White Paper Table of Contents • Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 2 • Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 • Advantages of Using CDMA2000 Networks for M2M..................................................... 5 - Enhanced Security and Privacy ...................................................................................... 7 - Network Reliability ............................................................................................................. -
HD Voice Annex C Minimum Requirements with GSM/UMTS/LTE
GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Version 1.1 22nd March 2013 Security Classification – NON CONFIDENTIAL GSMA MATERIAL Copyright Notice Copyright © 2013 GSM Association. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. Version 1.1 Page 1 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 ANNEX C: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE NETWORKS AND TERMINALS FOR THE USAGE OF THE ‘HD VOICE’ LOGO WITH GSM/UMTS/LTE............................................................................................................... 3 DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................... 18 Document History .................................................................................................................. 18 Other Information ................................................................................................................... 18 Version 1.1 Page 2 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA INTRODUCTION -
Indonesia Internet Case Study 3. the End of the Free Internet Market
Indonesia Internet Case Study 3 The End of the Free Internet Market 31 Market developments TelkomNet calculates subscribers based on usage over the last month# Indonesia connected to the global Ironically, Telkom had been prevented Internet in 1994, as a result of from entering the ISP market prior to pioneering efforts by the academic and 1997# At that time, the government research community# One of the first wanted to promote new players in the links was a 64 Kbps line to the US, market, especially Small and Medium opened in May 1994 by the Indonesian Enterprises (SMEs)# However the SMEs Science and Technology Network did not perform well so the law was (IPTEKnet)# PT Indo Internet (Indonet) changed to allow bigger companies in claims to have been the first commercial and to attract investment# ISP, launching services in 1994# By the end of 1995, there were some 16 ISPs, Indosat also provides ISP services and 20'000 users and 640 Kbps of had over 40'000 dial-up subscribers international Internet connectivity#5 At at the end of 2000# Growth was the beginning of 2001, there were some stagnant in 2000# Indosat claims that 150 licensed ISPs of which about 60 this was partly related to delays in obtaining leased lines from Telkom# Another factor was the launch of 'free' (users still have to pay telephone dial- up charges) Internet access by LinkNet in April 2000# By the end of 2000, LinkNet had signed up 197'000 subscribers, making it the country's largest ISP# LinkNet had hoped to make money through advertising and e-commerce transaction -
CDMA2000—A World View
CDMA2000—A world view Johan Langer and Gwenn Larsson The world’s first CDMA2000 networks were launched in Korea in October while maintaining the 1.25 MHz band- 2000, providing 144 kbit/s data rates to subscribing customers and deliv- width. Operators and manufactures soon re- ering nearly twice the voice capacity that operators experienced with their alized that there were inherent cost, back- cdmaOne (IS-95) systems. The success of the CDMA2000 1X system in ward compatibility and timing advantages Korea has encouraged many operators in the Americas and Asia to follow in keeping with the 1.25 MHz bandwidth for evolution. Thus, CDMA2000 3X has through with their plans to launch CDMA2000 this year. now been put on the wayside until market The authors outline some of the products and describe product advan- demands make it necessary to migrate to a tages that Ericsson CDMA customers will gain when rolling out Ericsson’s widerband carrier (3.75 MHz). CMS 11 R3 to provide third-generation services early next year. The authors also describe some of the key enablers in CMS 11 R3. 1xEV-DO The two phases of 1xEV are labeled 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. DO stands for data only; DV stands for data and voice. Updates in the evolution CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was standardized by the Telecommunications Industry Associa- of CDMA2000 tion (TIA) in October 2000. 1xEV-DO was Since the spring of 2000, the evolution of recently recognized by the ITU-R WP8F as third-generation CDMA systems has an IMT-2000 standard. Formal approval is changed dramatically. -
CDMA2000 – a New Challenge for 3G Mobile Radio Testers
MOBILE RADIO Radiocommunication testers Universal Radio Communication Tester R&S CMU200 CDMA2000 – a new challenge for 3G mobile radio testers The CDMA world is facing its next The CDMA2000 market 120 100 decisive step: the introduction of Since the launch of the first commercial 80 cdmaOne network in Hong Kong in 60 CDMA2000 1X, handling packet data September 1995, CDMA has established 40 itself worldwide as a mobile radio Subscribers (millions) 20 rates of up to 307.2 kbit/s. The standard. It has advanced triumphantly 0 far beyond the USA, its country of origin, Jun. 98 Jun. 99 Jun. 00 Jun. 01 future-oriented measurement platform Korea and Japan. With rocketing growth Dec. 97 Dec. 98 Dec. 99 Dec. 00 Dec. 01 rates, CDMA ranks besides GSM as a Universal Radio Communication Tester major digital standard of the second FIG 1 Development of cdmaOne/CDMA2000 subscriber figures generation. Now the CDMA world is R&S CMU200 also supports this third- entering a new and decisive phase, the introduction of CDMA2000 1X, which is generation mobile radio standard. capable of working with packet data rates of up to 307.2 kbit/s. in Korea and Japan is almost saturated, the highest growth rates have lately In recent years, cdmaOne has expanded come from North and South America, tremendously fast. In April 1998, there and a large market is emerging in were around ten million subscribers China. The network operator China worldwide, but now more than Unicom is presently setting up a 100 million customers make their calls cdmaOne/CDMA2000 network, with through CDMA networks (FIG 1).