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1926-1927 Ve 1928 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ DEVLET SALNÂMELERİNDE VAN VİLAYETİ

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1926-1927 Ve 1928 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ DEVLET SALNÂMELERİNDE VAN VİLAYETİ Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/9 Summer 2015, p. 429-444 DOI Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8399 ISSN: 1308-2140, ANKARA-TURKEY 1926-1927 ve 1928 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ DEVLET SALNÂMELERİNDE VAN VİLAYETİ Güneş ŞAHİN ÖZET Tanzimat’ın ilan edilmesinden sonra devletin yeniden yapılandırılmasında Batı tarzı yönetim anlayışı model olmuştur. Modern devlet teşkilâtının kurulma gayretlerinin etkili olduğu bu dönemde, Devlet Salnâmeleri, idarî ve mükî yapılanma hakkında istatiksel bilgiler içeren yayınlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Osmanlı Devlet Salnâmelerinin uzantısı olarak Cumhuriyet döneminde de yıllıklar görülmektedir ve bu yıllıklarda vilayetlere ait önemli veriler bulunmaktadır. Vilayet Salnâmeleri, ilgili vilayetin idarî bölünüşü, mülkî amirleri, yerel tarihi ve coğrafyası, eski eserleri, ekonomik faaliyetleri, nüfusu ve eğitimi hakkında önemli istatistikî bilgiler içermektedir. Vilayet Salnâmeleri, erken cumhuriyet dönemi çalışmalarını kapsayıcı nitelikte kent tarihi, halk kültürü, coğrafya, eğitim, tarım, ekonomi ve sağlık çalışmaları için önemli kaynak eserlerdir. Özellikle her vilayete ve kazaya ait coğrafya ve tarih bilgilerini içinde barındıran salnâmelerde, mülkî, idarî, ziraî, eğitim, sosyal ve ekonomik yapı hakkında detaylı bilgilerin bulunması, araştırmacılara yol gösterici niteliğindedir. Verileri dönemsel olarak karşılaştırma imkânı sunan salnâmeler, matematiksel bilgiler vermesi açısından ayrıca önem arz etmektedir. Edinilen bu somut bilgiler ışığında, yeni kurulan devletin teşkîlat şemasını anlaşılır kılan salnâmeler aynı zamanda tüm vilayet ve kazalarda olduğu gibi Van’da da aynı yapının geliştiğini de gösterir niteliktedir. Bu çalışmada, vilayet salnâmelerindeki bilgiler doğrultusunda Van Vilayeti’nin 1926-1927 ve 1928 yıllarındaki mülkî, idarî, sosyal ve kültürel yapılanması değerlendirilecektir. Böylece topyekûn bir kalkınma içinde olan ülkede, vilayetler bazında nelerin gerçekleştirildiği ve erken cumhuriyet döneminde hangi aşamalardan geçildiği tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Salnâme, Devlet Salnâmesi, Van Vilayeti. Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yrd. Doç. Dr., Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Anabilim Dalı, El-mek: [email protected]. 430 Güneş ŞAHİN 1926-1927 AND 1928 VAN PROVINCE IN TURKISH REPUBLIC GOVERMENTAL YEARBOOKS ABSTRACT Having promulgated the Tanzimat (Administrative Reforms), a western style of administration was taken as a model for the reformation of the state. During this period, when the efforts were effective for constituting modern state organizations, Govermental Yearbooks (Devlet Salnâmeleri) emerge as publications that contain statistical information about administrative and civil structuring. As an extension of Ottoman Govermental Yearbooks (Salnâme), annuals which contain important datas about provinces are seen during Republican era. Provincial Yearbooks (Vilayet Salnâmeleri) contain important statistical informations about administrative division, civilian authority, local history, geography, historical artifact, economic activites, population and education of the province. Provincial Yearbooks are important written sources for the town history, public culture, geography, education, agriculture, economy and health studies which include early Republican era. The Yearbooks are as a guide for the researchers because they not only include especially geographical and historical data but also detailed informations about civil, administrative, agricultural, educational, social and economical structure of each province and township. The Yearbooks which offer opportunites to compare data periodically are also very important for implicating mathematical knowledge. In the light of these concrete information the newly established state organization becomes clear. The Yearbooks point out that same structue developed also in Van, like all the other provinces and township. At this study, in the light of the informations at Provincial Yearbooks, the civil, administrative, social and cultural structuring of Van Province is going to be evaluated in 1926, 1927 and 1928 period. Thus what were actualized in the bases of provinces and which stages were passed through early republican era are going to be tried to determine in a state under an overall reformation. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Considering civil, administrative, social and culturel structrues of Van province in 1926-1927 and 1928, the administrative is composed with the center and Gevaş, Çatak, Hosap, Başkale Adilcevaz, Ercis Muradiye, Mahmudi (palace) counties. Administrative divisions of the county, the number and names of the villages is no longer the same every year. In particular, it is possible to detect changes in the 1927- 1928 yearbooks. Primarily as a template, in the yearbooks of 1926-1925 and 1928 provides information about the city’s history and geography. Then, working officers in the unit, which is comprised of the administrative structure of the county, including information about who emerges from that. The city's geography of mountains, lakes, rivers, springs are recorded with the physical features. Historical buildings are also given Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/9 Summer 2015 1926-1927 ve 1928 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Salnâmelerinde Van Vilayeti 431 center starting from ancient times until the province in a manner that shows the time elapsed. Civil administration chiefs are classified in the following format: governor at the center, head of provincial treasury, correspondence officer, mufti, county court president, court-good judge of first instance and the elders, examining magistrate, sanitary matters, land, population, veterinary, accounting, post-telegraph mayor-phone with managers. In the district prefect of that distinction, property manager, mufti and magistrate format it is made. Agriculture forms the basis of the urban economy, the agricultural activities that create people's basic livelihoods such as farming, these activities are given in detail in the figures pouring. According to these data, the city is an important item of income derived from agriculture. People with this way of ensuring their livelihood, environmental agricultural products sent to the provinces has been passed on to record as revenue the province. Public health and health care institutions, common in urban diseases and treatments are also discussed in the yearbooks. As far as we can determine in the yearbooks, although some changes are not evident in the central and district education and training activities are outstanding. Depending on the increase and improvement of the population's living conditions, one of the indicators of this change increase in the number of boys and girls attending school students. In the provinces and districts birth, death, marriage, social life events, such as interest and penalties for offenses committed as it has been quantified. The tables in the yearbooks, the names and duties of the administrative authority, and district centers in the male-female population shows made in the construction of highways. Tables indicate us, while expression of change and transformation in the urban fabric and also represents the full-scale development of the early republican period. Providing researchers with the ability to interpret tables ease the process, they also reveal the objectives of the republic and they do in a concrete way towards these goals. Published in years as of the reconstruction of the state and is considered to be a development altogether in terms of yerabook targets, the study indicates that the phases in the country. Key Words: Early Republican Era, Yearbook, Govermental Yearbook, Van Province Giriş Osmanlı Devleti'nde merkezî yönetimin, nezaretlerin, askerî kurumların, vilayetlerin, bazı özel kurum ve kişilerin yıllık olarak çıkardıkları bilgilendirme amaçlı yayınlara salnâme adı verilmiştir. Kelime Farsça sal (yıl) ile name (yazılı şey, mektup) kelimelerinden oluşur, bu eserlere nevsal de denilmiştir. Resmî ve özel olarak ikiye ayrılan salnâmelerin resmileri devlet, nezaret ve vilayetlere ait olanlar şeklinde üç başlıkta ele alınmıştır. 1263'ten 1326'ya kadar (1847-1908) 64’ü hicrî tarihlere göre, bundan sonraki 4’ü (1326-1334/1910-1918) malî tarihlere göre olmak üzere toplam 68 adet basılan Devlet Salnâmeleri sadece 1263-1327 (1847-1912) yılları arasında düzenli olarak yayımlanabilmiştir. 1328-1332 (1912-1916) arasında savaş ortamından dolayı Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/9 Summer 2015 432 Güneş ŞAHİN yayımlanamamıştır. Sonuncusu 1334 (1918) tarihini taşıyan Devlet Salnâmelerinin Cumhuriyet döneminde yayımına devam edilmiş, ilk ikisi Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Salnâmesi ismiyle 1925- 1926 ve 1927-1928 yıllarında Arap harfleriyle, üçüncüsü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Yıllığı adıyla 1928-1929 yıllarında Latin harfleriyle basılmıştır. Altı sayı basılan bu yıllıkların sonuncusu 1941 tarihlidir. (Aydın, 2009, s. 52). Devlet Salnâmeleri, Tanzimat’tan sonra ortaya çıkan batıya açılma hareketine yönelik bilgilendirme çalışmalarıdır. Salnâmeler ait oldukları dönemdeki bilgileri aktarırlar. Devlet teşkilâtı içinde yer alan mülkî, askerî ve idarî bölümlerin
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