Oakley Barge Line, Inc. Contract Terms and Conditions
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Frequently Overlooked Risk Management Issues in Contracts of Affreightment and Sale Contracts
Frequently overlooked risk management issues in contracts of affreightment and sale contracts 2021 AMPLA Queensland Conference Chris Keane MinterEllison 18 June 2021 The focus of today’s presentation - risk associated with two contracts used to facilitate the export of Australian commodities: . the sale contract / offtake agreement / supply agreement (sale contract) . the contract of affreightment / voyage charterparty / bill of lading (sea carriage contract) Specific focus is on risk and risk mitigation options that are frequently overlooked (both at the time of contract formation and also when disputes arise) 2 Risk arising out of seemingly straightforward issues . Duration of the sale contract - overarching issue that impacts on many other considerations; legal and commercial considerations will overlap . Port(s) of loading and port(s) of discharge - relevant considerations include: access to certain berths; special arrangements regarding loading and unloading; port congestion and other factors likely to cause delay; and the desirability of not requiring a CIF buyer to nominate a specific port of unloading (e.g. “one safe port and one safe berth at any main port(s) in China…”) . Selection of vessel - risk will depend on which party to the sale contract is responsible for arranging the vessel; CIF sellers need to guard against the risk of selecting an unsuitable vessel; FOB sellers need to ensure they have a right to reject an unsuitable vessel nominated by the buyer 3 Risk arising out of seemingly straightforward issues . Selection of contractual carrier - needs to be considered as an issue separate from the selection of the vessel; what do you know (and not know) about the carrier?; note the difficulties the contractual carrier caused for both the seller and buyer in relation to the ‘Maryam’ at Port Kembla earlier this year; proper due diligence is critical; consider (among other things) compliance with anti-slavery, anti-bribery and sanctions laws and issues concerning care of seafarers, safety and environment . -
The Experience of the French Civil Code
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Volume 20 Number 2 Article 3 Winter 1995 Codes as Straight-Jackets, Safeguards, and Alibis: The Experience of the French Civil Code Oliver Moreleau Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation Oliver Moreleau, Codes as Straight-Jackets, Safeguards, and Alibis: The Experience of the French Civil Code, 20 N.C. J. INT'L L. 273 (1994). Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol20/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Codes as Straight-Jackets, Safeguards, and Alibis: The Experience of the French Civil Code Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This article is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol20/ iss2/3 Codes as Straight-Jackets, Safeguards, and Alibis: The Experience of the French Civil Code Olivier Moriteaut I. Introduction: The Civil Code as a Straight-Jacket? Since 1789, which marked the year of the French Revolution, France has known no fewer than thirteen constitutions.' This fact is scarcely evidence of political stability, although it is fair to say that the Constitution of 1958, of the Fifth Republic, has remained in force for over thirty-five years. On the other hand, the Civil Code (Code), which came into force in 1804, has remained substantially unchanged throughout this entire period. -
Use the Force? Understanding Force Majeure Clauses
Use the Force? Understanding Force Majeure Clauses J. Hunter Robinson† J. Christopher Selman†† Whitt Steineker††† Alexander G. Thrasher†††† Introduction It has been said that, sooner or later, everything old is new again.1 In the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) sweeping the globe in 2020, a heretofore largely overlooked and even less understood nineteenth century legal term has come to the forefront of American jurisprudence: force majeure. Force majeure has become a topic du jour in the COVID-19 world with individuals and companies around the world seeking to excuse non- † B.S. (2011), Auburn University; J.D. (2014), Emory University School of Law. Hunter Robinson is an associate at Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP. Hunter is a member of the firm’s litigation and banking and financial services practice groups and represents clients in commercial litigation matters across the country. †† B.S. (2007), Auburn University; J.D. (2012), University of South Carolina School of Law. Chris Selman is a partner at Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP. Chris is a members of the firm’s construction and government contracts practice group. He has extensive experience advising clients at every stage of a construction project, managing the resolution of construction disputes domestically and internationally, and drafting and negotiating contracts for a variety of contractor and owner clients. ††† B.A. (2003), University of Alabama; J.D. (2008), Georgetown University Law Center. Whitt Steineker is a partner at Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP. Whitt is a member of the firm’s litigation practice group, where he advises clients on a full range of services and routinely represents companies in complex commercial litigation. -
Interview With
entrevista a Nikos Antimissaris Consejero – Director General MAPFRE ASISTENCIA Madrid – España Contact center de MAPFRE ASISTENCIA en China Nikos Antimissaris, griego de nacimiento, cursó la Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas en la Universidad de Lieja (Bél- gica), vinculándose a España el último año de universidad, al es- tudiar entre 1992 y 1993 en la Universidad de Valladolid (España) dentro del programa europeo ERASMUS. Completó su formación académica con el MBA del Instituto de Empresa Business School, de Madrid (España). Además del griego, domina el inglés, el fran- cés y el español. Su carrera profesional se inició en 1994 en su país natal con MAPFRE ASISTENCIA, como Director General de la Unidad de Negocio de Grecia. En 2001 fue trasladado a los Servicios Cen- trales en Madrid para dirigir el negocio del área geográfica de Europa y Oriente Medio. En 2004 fue promocionado a Subdirec- tor General de la entidad y desde 2006 ostenta el cargo de Con- sejero Director General de MAPFRE ASISTENCIA. 40 / 67 / 2013 667_trebol_esp.indd7_trebol_esp.indd 4040 007/11/137/11/13 001:581:58 “MAPFRE ASISTENCIA aporta una solución integral a sus socios aseguradores que incluye, no sólo la suscripción del riesgo (por la vía del reaseguro), sino también toda la infraestructura operativa para la tramitación de los siniestros y la prestación de los servicios.” Nikos Antimissaris habla siempre en primera persona del plural porque siente que alcanzar en 2013 un volumen de ingresos de mil cien millones de euros es una labor de los seis mil empleados de MAPFRE ASISTENCIA desde los cuarenta y cinco países en que está presente. -
Is COVID-19 an Act of God And/Or Will COVID-19 Be a Defense Against Failure to Perform? Swata Gandhi
ALERT Corporate Practice MAY 2020 Is COVID-19 an Act of God and/or Will COVID-19 Be a Defense Against Failure to Perform? Swata Gandhi This is the second in a series of alerts on Force Majeure and Common Law Defenses against failure to perform contracts. In our first alert, we discussed the elements of a force majeure clause and looked at how various states have interpreted force majeure clauses. We focused on how most states take a narrow view of these provisions and they adhere to the plain meaning of the force majeure provisions. This alert takes a look at one event often listed in force majeure clauses – Acts of God. As discussed in our previous alert, some courts will excuse performance of a contract only if the event causing the breach is actually listed in the force majeure clause. Among the list of events that would most likely excuse a failure to perform under a contract due to COVID-19 would be if the force majeure provision listed pandemics, epidemic, health emergencies or government orders or regulations. While your contract may not list these events, most force majeure provisions do include an Act of God. In this alert we look at whether it is likely that courts will find that COVID-19 is an Act of God and if such consideration will actually be a defense against performance of a contract. In general, courts have found that an Act of God is a natural event that would not occur by the intervention of man, but proceeds from physical causes. -
Module Cuzl331 Commercial Law 1: Agency and Sales
MODULE CUZL331 COMMERCIAL LAW 1: AGENCY AND SALES Maureen Banda-Mwanza LLB (UNZA), ACIArb ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the formulation of this module, tailored for the exclusive use of Cavendish University, the Author referred to various renown Commercial law books, quotations of which shall be minimized as much as is practicable. The good authors of the renowned works aforementioned are fully acknowledged for the relevance of their various pieces of work in the study of Commercial Law. CONTENTS PAGE TOPIC 1 TOPIC 1 AGENCY AT the end of this unit, students should be able to understand: 1. The requirements in forming an agency contract, formalities and capacity, 2. Authority of an agent 3. The duties of an agent 4. The Agent’s right against the Principal 5. The Principal’s relation with third parties 6. Various types of agency 7. How to terminate an Agency agreement Introduction Agency is one of the essential features of Commercial law. Commercial law is the law governing business contracts, bankruptcy, patents, trade-marks, designs, companies, partnership, export and import of merchandise, affreightment, insurance, banking, mercantile agency and usages. Agency can therefore be defined in the relationship which arises when one person (an agent) acts on behalf of another person (the principal) in a manner that the agent has power to affect the principal’s legal position with regard to a third-party. Common law explains the basic rule of an agency relationship in the Latin maxim “Qui facit per alium, facit per se” the literal English translation of which is he who acts by another acts by himself. -
Volume Contracts of Affreightment – Some Features and Principles
Volume Contracts of Affreightment – Some Features and Principles Lars Gorton 1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….…. 62 1.1 General Background ……………………………………………………… 62 1.2 Some Contractual Points …………..……………………………………... 62 1.3 Frame Agreements ………………………………………………………... 64 1.4 Some General Points Related to Distributorship Agreements and Volume Contracts ………………………………………. 66 1.5 Some Further Overriding Points ……………………………………….…. 67 2 Contract Forms ………………………………………………………………… 68 3 Law, Contract and Terminology ……………………………………………… 69 4 The SMC Rules on Volume Contracts ……………………………………..…. 70 5 Characteristics of COA’s ……………………………………………………… 71 6 The Generic Nature of the COA ………………………………………………. 72 7 Some of the Parameters of the COA ………………………...……………….. 76 7.1 The Ships Involved Under the Volume Contract ………………………… 76 7.2 Time Elements in Connection with COA’s ………………………………. 76 7.3 Cargo and Cargo Quantity and Planning of Voyages ………………….… 77 8 Breach and Consequences of Breach …………………………………………. 78 8.1 Generally, Best Efforts and Cooperation …………………………………. 78 8.2 Consequences of the Owners’s Breach …………………………………... 78 8.3 Consequences of the Charterer’s Breach …………………………………. 78 9 Some Comparisons with Distributorship Agreements in English Law ….…. 78 10 Some COA Cases Involving “Evenly spread” ……………………………….. 82 10.1 “Evenly spread” …………………………………………………………... 82 10.2 Mitigation of Damages …………………………………………………… 85 11 Freight, Demurrage and Similar ……………………………………………… 88 11.1 General Points ………..…………………………………………………... 88 11.2 Freight Level …………………………………………………………….. -
Force Majeure and Climate Change: What Is the New Normal?
Force majeure and Climate Change: What is the new normal? Jocelyn L. Knoll and Shannon L. Bjorklund1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................2 I. THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ..................................................................................4 II. FORCE MAJEURE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT .........................................................8 III. FORCE MAJEURE IN CONTRACTS ...................................................................................11 A. Defining the Force Majeure Event. ..............................................................................12 B. Additional Contractual Requirements: External Causation, Unavoidability and Notice 15 C. Judicially-Imposed Requirements. ...............................................................................18 1. Foreseeability. .................................................................................................18 2. Ultimate (or external) causation.....................................................................21 D. The Effect of Successfully Invoking a Contractual Force Majeure Provision ............25 E. Force Majeure in the Absence of a Specific Contractual Provision. ...........................25 IV. FORCE MAJEURE PROVISIONS IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS AND MANDATORY PROVISIONS FOR GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS ......................................28 A. Standard Form Contracts .............................................................................................28 -
Consent Decree: United States Of
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA ATLANTA DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) Civil Action No. 1:00-CV-3142 JTC v. ) ) CONSENT DECREE COLONIAL PIPELINE COMPANY, ) ) Defendant. ) ____________________________________) I. BACKGROUND A. Plaintiff, the United States of America (“United States”), through the Attorney General, at the request of the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), filed a civil complaint (“Complaint”) against Defendant, Colonial Pipeline Company (“Colonial”), pursuant to the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq., seeking injunctive relief and civil penalties for the discharge of oil into navigable waters of the United States or onto adjoining shorelines. B. The Parties agree that it is desirable to resolve the claims for civil penalties and injunctive relief asserted in the Complaint without further litigation. C. This Consent Decree is entered into between the United States and Colonial for the purpose of settlement and it does not constitute an admission or finding of any violation of federal or state law. This Decree may not be used in any civil proceeding of any type as evidence or proof of any fact or as evidence of the violation of any law, rule, regulation, or Court decision, except in a proceeding to enforce the provisions of this Decree. D. To resolve Colonial’s civil liability for the claims asserted in the Complaint, Colonial will pay a total civil penalty of $34 million to the United States, comply with the injunctive relief requirements in this Consent Decree, and satisfy all other terms of this Consent Decree. -
Force Majeure and Common Law Defenses | a National Survey | Shook, Hardy & Bacon
2020 — Force Majeure SHOOK SHB.COM and Common Law Defenses A National Survey APRIL 2020 — Force Majeure and Common Law Defenses A National Survey Contractual force majeure provisions allocate risk of nonperformance due to events beyond the parties’ control. The occurrence of a force majeure event is akin to an affirmative defense to one’s obligations. This survey identifies issues to consider in light of controlling state law. Then we summarize the relevant law of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 2020 — Shook Force Majeure Amy Cho Thomas J. Partner Dammrich, II 312.704.7744 Partner Task Force [email protected] 312.704.7721 [email protected] Bill Martucci Lynn Murray Dave Schoenfeld Tom Sullivan Norma Bennett Partner Partner Partner Partner Of Counsel 202.639.5640 312.704.7766 312.704.7723 215.575.3130 713.546.5649 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] SHOOK SHB.COM Melissa Sonali Jeanne Janchar Kali Backer Erin Bolden Nott Davis Gunawardhana Of Counsel Associate Associate Of Counsel Of Counsel 816.559.2170 303.285.5303 312.704.7716 617.531.1673 202.639.5643 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] John Constance Bria Davis Erika Dirk Emily Pedersen Lischen Reeves Associate Associate Associate Associate Associate 816.559.2017 816.559.0397 312.704.7768 816.559.2662 816.559.2056 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Katelyn Romeo Jon Studer Ever Tápia Matt Williams Associate Associate Vergara Associate 215.575.3114 312.704.7736 Associate 415.544.1932 [email protected] [email protected] 816.559.2946 [email protected] [email protected] ATLANTA | BOSTON | CHICAGO | DENVER | HOUSTON | KANSAS CITY | LONDON | LOS ANGELES MIAMI | ORANGE COUNTY | PHILADELPHIA | SAN FRANCISCO | SEATTLE | TAMPA | WASHINGTON, D.C. -
Case 3:19-Cv-01259-JR Document 88 Filed 01/06/21 Page 1 of 16
Case 3:19-cv-01259-JR Document 88 Filed 01/06/21 Page 1 of 16 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON SHELTER FOREST INTERNATIONAL Case No. 3:19-cv-01259-JR ACQUISITION, INC., an Oregon Corporation, OPINION AND ORDER Plaintiff, v. COSCO SHIPPING (USA) INC., a Delaware Corporation; COSCO SHIPPING LINES (NORTH AMERICA) INC., a Delaware Corporation; COSCO SHIPPING TERMINALS (USA) LLC, a Delaware LLC; RUDY ROGERS, an individual; COSCO SHIPPING LINES CO., LTD.; and JANE AND JOHN DOES NOS. 1-3, Defendants. _______________________________________ RUSSO, Magistrate Judge: Shelter Forest International Acquisition, Inc. (“SFI”) filed this action against defendants COSCO Shipping (USA) Inc., COSCO Shipping Lines (North America) Inc., COSCO Shipping Terminals (USA) LLC, Rudy Rogers, and COSCO Shipping Lines Co., Ltd. (“CSL”) alleging multiple contractually-based claims under state law.1 All parties have consented to allow a Magistrate Judge enter final orders and judgment in this case in accordance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 73 and 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). CSL now moves for summary judgement on its remaining counterclaim pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. For the reasons stated below, CSL’s motion is granted in part and denied in part. 1 All parties except CSL were subsequently voluntarily dismissed. Page 1 – OPINION AND ORDER Case 3:19-cv-01259-JR Document 88 Filed 01/06/21 Page 2 of 16 BACKGROUND CSL is a shipping company based in China operating a fleet of oceangoing containerships that transport cargo internationally, including between China and the United States. SFI is an Oregon corporation that imports and distributes lumber, plywood, and other building materials. -
13-SHIPPING-GLOSSARY.Pdf
GLOSSARY 2H SECOND HALF A/S ALONGSIDE A&CP ANCHORS AND CHAINS PROVED A/C AIRCRAFT CARRIER A/C ACCOUNT CURRENT A/D ALTERNATIVE DAYS A/M (ANTE MERIDIEM) BEFORE NOON A/O ACCOUNT OF A/S AFTER SIGHT A/S ALONGSIDE AA ALWAYS AFLOAT AA AFTER ARRIVAL AA ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE AA AVERAGE ADJUSTER AAA AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT AAAA ALWAYS AFLOAT, ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE AAOSA ALWAYS AFLOAT OR SAFE AGROUND AAR AGAINST ALL RISKS AARA ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE OR REACHABLE ON ARRIVAL AB ABLE SEAMAN AB ABLE BODIED SEAMAN AB AVERAGE BOND ABS AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING ABT ABOUT AC ALTERNATIVE CURRENT AC ACCOUNT AC ALTERNATING CURRENT ACC ACCOUNT ACC ACCEPTED ACK ACKNOWLEDGE ACV AIR CUSHION VEHICLE AD AFTER DATE AD AREA DIFFERENTIAL AD VAL (AD VALOREM) ACCORDING TO VALUE ADCOM ADDRESS COMMISSION ADF AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER ADJ ADJUSTMEN ADV ADVANCEMENT OF SPECIAL SURVEY ADVT ADVERTISEMENT AF ANTI-FOULING AF ADVANCED FREIGHT AF ALSO FOR AFFF AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM AFRA AVERAGE FREIGHT RATE ASSESSMENT AG ARABIAN GULF AGB ICE BREAKER AGC AMPHIBIOUS VESSEL AGT AGENT AGW ACTUAL GROSS WEIGHT AGW ALL GOING WELL AH AFTER HATCH AHD AHEAD AHL AUSTRALIAN HOLD LADDERS AHTS ANCHOR HANDLING TUD AND SUPPLY VESSEL AIS AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ALERT AUTOMATIC LIFE-SAVING EMERGENCY RADIO TRANSMITTER ALRS ADMIRALTY LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS ALT ALTERNATING AM ABOVE MENTIONED AM AIR MAIL AMSL ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL AMT AMOUNT AMVER AUTOMATED MUTUAL ASSISTANCE VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM AMWELSH AMERICANISED WELSH COAL CHARTER PARTY ANERA ASIA-NORTH AMERICA WESTBOUND RATE AGREEMENT ANOP