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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House). -
Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies
Everglades Digital Library Guide to Collection Everglades Timeline Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies Research Help Everglades Librarian Ordering Reproductions Copyright Credits Home Search the Expanded Collection Browse the Expanded Collection Bowman F. Ashe James Edmundson Ingraham Ivar Axelson James Franklin Jaudon Mary McDougal Axelson May Mann Jennings Access the Original Richard J. Bolles Claude Carson Matlack Collection at Chief Billy Bowlegs Daniel A. McDougal Guy Bradley Minnie Moore-Willson Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Frederick S. Morse James Milton Carson Mary Barr Munroe Ernest F. Coe Ralph Middleton Munroe Barron G. Collier Ruth Bryan Owen Marjory Stoneman Douglas John Kunkel Small David Fairchild Frank Stranahan Ion Farris Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan http://everglades.fiu.edu/reclaim/bios/index.htm[10/1/2014 2:16:58 PM] Everglades Digital Library Henry Flagler James Mallory Willson Duncan Upshaw Fletcher William Sherman Jennings John Clayton Gifford Home | About Us | Browse | Ask an Everglades Librarian | FIU Libraries This site is designed and maintained by the Digital Collections Center - [email protected] Everglades Information Network & Digital Library at Florida International University Libraries Copyright © Florida International University Libraries. All rights reserved. http://everglades.fiu.edu/reclaim/bios/index.htm[10/1/2014 2:16:58 PM] Everglades Digital Library Guide to Collection Everglades Timeline Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies Bowman Foster Ashe Research Help Bowman Foster Ashe, a native of Scottsdale, Pennsylvania, came to Miami in Everglades Librarian 1926 to be involved with the foundation of the University of Miami. Dr. Ashe graduated from the University of Pittsburgh and held honorary degrees from the Ordering Reproductions University of Pittsburgh, Stetson University, Florida Southern College and Mount Union College. -
Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Florida Historical Quarterly
COVER Two eastbound trains and passengers appear to be waiting at the Archer depot for a westbound train from Gainesville, ca. 1910. The wood-burning freight on the right has arrived from Cedar Key, while the coal-burning train on the left has come from the south. The line on the right is the original “Florida Railroad” built by Senator David Levy Yulee’s company. Originating in Fernandina, the line had reached Archer by 1859, and was completed to its terminus at Cedar Key in 1861. The line on the left was built to haul phosphate from the mines in the area and other freight. It eventually went all the way to Tampa. From the collection of Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Gainesville. Historical uarterly Volume LXVIII, Number July 1989 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY COPYRIGHT 1989 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa Florida. Second class postage paid at Tampa and DeLeon Springs, Florida. Printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, Florida. (ISSN 0015-4113) THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Samuel Proctor, Editor Everett W. Caudle, Editorial Assistant EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD David R. Colburn University of Florida Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. University of Florida Michael V. Gannon University of Florida John K. Mahon University of Florida (Emeritus) Jerrell H. Shofner University of Central Florida Charlton W. Tebeau University of Miami (Emeritus) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32604-2045. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. -
Charles L. Evans, Sr., Ph.D. (July 23, 1945–August 21, 2013)
Charles L. Evans, Sr., Ph.D. (July 23, 1945–August 21, 2013) President Emeritus, Tallahassee Branch NAACP Years of Service: 1990–1998 | 2003–2008 Chairman of Education, Florida State Conference of NAACP Branches Years of Service: 1989-2008 Associate Dean, Professor of Marketing/Director, Graduate Programs Florida A&M University School of Business and Industry: 1982–2013 Dr. Charles Leonard “Chuck” Evans, Sr., veteran civil rights leader, distinguished educator, humanitarian, philanthropist, administrator, community activist. Dr. Evans grew up in segregated Durham, North Carolina, the fifth of seven children born to Walter Samuel Evans and Pauline Parker Evans on July 23, 1945. While in high school, he joined the local NAACP campaigns for jobs, voting rights and desegregation. He worked with his cousin, Walter Riley, to organize a bus trip including high school students to the now famous March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom of 1963. The previous year, he led a successful picket protest of students of the segregated Royal Ice Cream Parlor on Roxboro Street, eventually shutting down the business. In 1963, Dr. Evans graduated as Valedictorian from Merrick– Moore High School and matriculated to North Carolina A&T State University. He graduated in 1967, majoring in Engineering Mathematics. As a student, he became an activist, participating in marches, sit-ins, and voting rights campaigns. His dream was to become an Air Force pilot; but he was denied commission when an Air Force Officer claimed he had a curvature of the spine and booted him out of the ROTC program. Undeterred, Dr. Evans applied to the Navy’s Officer Training Pilot Program and was accepted. -
The Dichotomy Between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II
Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Dichotomy between British and American Women Auxiliary Pilots of World War II Brighid Klick A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN March 31, 2014 Advised by Professor Kali Israel TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Military Services and Auxiliaries ................................................................................. iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction of Women Pilots to the War Effort…….... ..................... 7 Chapter Two: Key Differences ..................................................................................... 37 Chapter Three: Need and Experimentation ................................................................ 65 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 91 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 98 ii Acknowledgements I would first like to express my gratitude to my adviser Professor Israel for her support from the very beginning of this project. It was her willingness to write a letter of recommendation for a student she had just met that allowed -
Navigating Discrimination
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Educational Policy Studies Dissertations Department of Educational Policy Studies Spring 5-16-2014 Navigating Discrimination: A Historical Examination of Womens’ Experiences of Discrimination and Triumph within the United States Military and Higher Educational Institutions Dackri Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/eps_diss Recommended Citation Davis, Dackri, "Navigating Discrimination: A Historical Examination of Womens’ Experiences of Discrimination and Triumph within the United States Military and Higher Educational Institutions." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/eps_diss/110 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Educational Policy Studies at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Educational Policy Studies Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACCEPTANCE This dissertation, NAVIGATING DISCRIMINATION: A HISTORICAL EXAMINATION OF WOMENS’ EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION AND TRIUMPH WITHIN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, by DACKRI DIONNE DAVIS, was prepared under the direction of the candidate’s Dissertation Advisory Committee. It is accepted by the committee members in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Education, Georgia State University. The Dissertation Advisory Committee and the student’s Department Chair, as representative of the faculty, certify that this dissertation has met all standards of excellence and scholarship as determined by the faculty. ______________________ ____________________ Deron Boyles, Ph.D. Philo Hutcheson, Ph.D. Committee Chair Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Megan Sinnott, Ph.D. -
The 19Th Amendment
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Women Making History: The 19th Amendment Women The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. —19th Amendment to the United States Constitution In 1920, after decades of tireless activism by countless determined suffragists, American women were finally guaranteed the right to vote. The year 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment. It was ratified by the states on August 18, 1920 and certified as an amendment to the US Constitution on August 26, 1920. Developed in partnership with the National Park Service, this publication weaves together multiple stories about the quest for women’s suffrage across the country, including those who opposed it, the role of allies and other civil rights movements, who was left behind, and how the battle differed in communities across the United States. Explore the complex history and pivotal moments that led to ratification of the 19th Amendment as well as the places where that history happened and its continued impact today. 0-31857-0 Cover Barcode-Arial.pdf 1 2/17/20 1:58 PM $14.95 ISBN 978-1-68184-267-7 51495 9 781681 842677 The National Park Service is a bureau within the Department Front cover: League of Women Voters poster, 1920. of the Interior. It preserves unimpaired the natural and Back cover: Mary B. Talbert, ca. 1901. cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this work future generations. -
Protecting Water Quantity in the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness
Protecting Water Quantity in the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness The lower 15% of the Everglades ecosystem and watershed have been designated as the Everglades National Park (ENP), and about 87% of ENP is designated the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness. The natural quality of the wilderness has been impacted by longstanding and pervasive upstream water manipulation. As an undeveloped area of land, it appears as wilderness, but ecologically is unnatural; in particular, related to water conditions. In the early 1900s, several uncoordinated efforts upstream of the ENP dredged canals to move water to agriculture and domestic uses, and away from areas where urban development was occurring. In response to unprecedented flooding during the 1947 hurricane season, Congress established the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control Project to systematically regulate the Everglades hydrology through 1,700 miles of canals and levees upstream of what is now designated wilderness. Little consideration was given to the ecology of the Everglades. Currently, the wilderness receives more water than natural in the wet season when developed areas in southern Florida are trying to prevent flooding. During the dry season, agricultural and domestic uses create a demand for water that results in significantly diminished flows entering the wilderness. A key provision of Everglades National Park's 1934 enabling legislation identified the area as "...permanently reserved as a wilderness...and no development shall be undertaken which will interfere with the preservation intact of the unique flora and fauna and essential primitive natural conditions..." A critical goal to meet this mission is to replicate the natural systems in terms of water quantity, quality, timing, and distribution. -
100 Questions on Black Inventions 1
100 Questions on Black Inventions 1. On May 7th, 1878 the “Fire Escape Ladder” was by invented Joseph Winters. True 2. Valerie Thomas invented the “Illusion Transmitter”. True 3. Madam C. J. Walker invented the “Calculator”. False 4. Walter Sammons improved the “Hot Comb”. True 5. Augustus Jackson invented a way to manufacture ice cream around the world. True 6. The “Golf Tee” was invented by Tiger Woods. False 7. Lyda Newman improved the “Brush”. True 8. Ruth J. Miro invented “Pens”. False 9. Granville T. Woods invented the “Phone Transmitter”. True 10. Henry O. Tanner invented the “Lubricator Cup”. True 11. Garret A. Morgan invented the “Three Way Traffic Light”. True 12. Otis Boykin helped burglar- proof cash registers. True 13. Radio Frequency was created by Thomas Edison. False 14. The air purification device was invented by? Rufus Stokes 15. John A. Burr invented this landscaping device? lawn mower 16. Who invented a way to help reduce electronics cost? Otis Boykin 17. The basic manufacturing of soap, sugar, glue, gelatin, and condensed milk are from this fa- mous inventor’s theories? Norbert Rillieux 18. Thomas Elkins improved what everyday kitchen appliance? Refrigerator 19. I invented a self starting gas engine. Frederick Jones 20. The Assembly line was invented to move items. What type of items does the Assembly line move? The Assembly line moves heavy objects. 21. Which body fluid can be stored in blood banks created by Dr. Charles Richard Drew? Blood plasma. 22. What is the purpose of the mop? The purpose of the mop is to absorb liquids off the ground and or to clean sticky places. -
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index A (General) Abeokuta: the Alake of Abram, Morris B.: see A (General) Abruzzi: Duke of Absher, Franklin Roosevelt: see A (General) Adams, C.E.: see A (General) Adams, Charles, Dr. D.F., C.E., Laura Franklin Delano, Gladys, Dorothy Adams, Fred: see A (General) Adams, Frederick B. and Mrs. (Eilen W. Delano) Adams, Frederick B., Jr. Adams, William Adult Education Program Advertisements, Sears: see A (General) Advertising: Exhibits re: bill (1944) against false advertising Advertising: Seagram Distilleries Corporation Agresta, Fred Jr.: see A (General) Agriculture Agriculture: Cotton Production: Mexican Cotton Pickers Agriculture: Department of (photos by) Agriculture: Department of: Weather Bureau Agriculture: Dutchess County Agriculture: Farm Training Program Agriculture: Guayule Cultivation Agriculture: Holmes Foundry Company- Farm Plan, 1933 Agriculture: Land Sale Agriculture: Pig Slaughter Agriculture: Soil Conservation Agriculture: Surplus Commodities (Consumers' Guide) Aircraft (2) Aircraft, 1907- 1914 (2) Aircraft: Presidential Aircraft: World War II: see World War II: Aircraft Airmail Akihito, Crown Prince of Japan: Visit to Hyde Park, NY Akin, David Akiyama, Kunia: see A (General) Alabama Alaska Alaska, Matanuska Valley Albemarle Island Albert, Medora: see A (General) Albright, Catherine Isabelle: see A (General) Albright, Edward (Minister to Finland) Albright, Ethel Marie: see A (General) Albright, Joe Emma: see A (General) Alcantara, Heitormelo: see A (General) Alderson, Wrae: see A (General) Aldine, Charles: see A (General) Aldrich, Richard and Mrs. Margaret Chanler Alexander (son of Charles and Belva Alexander): see A (General) Alexander, John H. Alexitch, Vladimir Joseph Alford, Bradford: see A (General) Allen, Mrs. Idella: see A (General) 2 Allen, Mrs. Mary E.: see A (General) Allen, R.C. -
Florida Jewish History Month January
Florida Jewish History Month January Background Information In October of 2003, Governor Jeb Bush signed a historic bill into law designating January of each year as Florida Jewish History Month. The legislation for Florida Jewish History Month was initiated at the Jewish Museum of Florida by, the Museum's Founding Executive Director and Chief Curator, Marcia Zerivitz. Ms. Zerivitz and State Senator Gwen Margolis worked closely with legislators to translate the Museum's mission into a statewide observance. It seemed appropriate to honor Jewish contributions to the State, as sixteen percent, over 850,000 people of the American Jewish community lives in Florida. Since 1763, when the first Jews settled in Pensacola immediately after the Treaty of Paris ceded Florida to Great Britain from Spain, Jews had come to Florida to escape persecution, for economic opportunity, to join family members already here, for the climate and lifestyle, for their health and to retire. It is a common belief that Florida Jewish history began after World War II, but in actuality, the history of Floridian Jews begins much earlier. The largest number of Jews settled in Florida after World War II, but the Jewish community in Florida reaches much further into the history of this State than simply the last half-century. Jews have actively participated in shaping the destiny of Florida since its inception, but until research of the 1980s, most of the facts were little known. One such fact is that David Levy Yulee, a Jewish pioneer, brought Florida into statehood in 1845, served as its first U.S.