Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
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The Everglades: Wetlands Not Wastelands Marjory Stoneman Douglas Overcoming the Barriers of Public Unawareness and the Profit Motive in South Florida
The Everglades: Wetlands not Wastelands Marjory Stoneman Douglas Overcoming the Barriers of Public Unawareness and the Profit Motive in South Florida Manav Bansal Senior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,496 Bansal 1 "Marjory was the first voice to really wake a lot of us up to what we were doing to our quality of life. She was not just a pioneer of the environmental movement, she was a prophet, calling out to us to save the environment for our children and our grandchildren."1 - Florida Governor Lawton Chiles, 1991-1998 Introduction Marjory Stoneman Douglas was a vanguard in her ideas and approach to preserve the Florida Everglades. She not only convinced society that Florida’s wetlands were not wastelands, but also educated politicians that its value transcended profit. From the late 1800s, attempts were underway to drain large parts of the Everglades for economic gain.2 However, from the mid to late 20th century, Marjory Stoneman Douglas fought endlessly to bring widespread attention to the deteriorating Everglades and increase public awareness regarding its importance. To achieve this goal, Douglas broke societal, political, and economic barriers, all of which stemmed from the lack of familiarity with environmental conservation, apathy, and the near-sighted desire for immediate profit without consideration for the long-term impacts on Florida’s ecosystem. Using her voice as a catalyst for change, she fought to protect the Everglades from urban development and draining, two actions which would greatly impact the surrounding environment, wildlife, and ultimately help mitigate the effects of climate change. By educating the public and politicians, she served as a model for a new wave of environmental activism and she paved the way for the modern environmental movement. -
Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies
Everglades Digital Library Guide to Collection Everglades Timeline Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies Research Help Everglades Librarian Ordering Reproductions Copyright Credits Home Search the Expanded Collection Browse the Expanded Collection Bowman F. Ashe James Edmundson Ingraham Ivar Axelson James Franklin Jaudon Mary McDougal Axelson May Mann Jennings Access the Original Richard J. Bolles Claude Carson Matlack Collection at Chief Billy Bowlegs Daniel A. McDougal Guy Bradley Minnie Moore-Willson Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Frederick S. Morse James Milton Carson Mary Barr Munroe Ernest F. Coe Ralph Middleton Munroe Barron G. Collier Ruth Bryan Owen Marjory Stoneman Douglas John Kunkel Small David Fairchild Frank Stranahan Ion Farris Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan http://everglades.fiu.edu/reclaim/bios/index.htm[10/1/2014 2:16:58 PM] Everglades Digital Library Henry Flagler James Mallory Willson Duncan Upshaw Fletcher William Sherman Jennings John Clayton Gifford Home | About Us | Browse | Ask an Everglades Librarian | FIU Libraries This site is designed and maintained by the Digital Collections Center - [email protected] Everglades Information Network & Digital Library at Florida International University Libraries Copyright © Florida International University Libraries. All rights reserved. http://everglades.fiu.edu/reclaim/bios/index.htm[10/1/2014 2:16:58 PM] Everglades Digital Library Guide to Collection Everglades Timeline Everglades Biographies Everglades Biographies Bowman Foster Ashe Research Help Bowman Foster Ashe, a native of Scottsdale, Pennsylvania, came to Miami in Everglades Librarian 1926 to be involved with the foundation of the University of Miami. Dr. Ashe graduated from the University of Pittsburgh and held honorary degrees from the Ordering Reproductions University of Pittsburgh, Stetson University, Florida Southern College and Mount Union College. -
Audubon Florida * Everglades Foundation * National Parks Conservation Association * Tropical Audubon Society
Audubon Florida * Everglades Foundation * National Parks Conservation Association * Tropical Audubon Society Joe Collins, Chairman South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road West Palm Beach, Florida 33406 March 14, 2013 Dear Governing Board: The undersigned organizations welcome the South Florida Water Management District’s (SFWMD) recent focus on improving the health of Biscayne Bay. The ecological and economic importance of Biscayne National Park and Biscayne Bay cannot be overstated. The National Park Service recently released a study that shows Biscayne National Park brings over $34 million in visitor spending to the communities around the park. 1 Small business owners, such as dive boat operators, restaurant owners, hoteliers, and fishermen, among others, depend on Biscayne National Park and Biscayne Bay for their livelihoods. Today you are asked to consider Agenda Item #38, which requests publication of Notice of Proposed Rule for a water reservation to protect water in Nearshore Central Biscayne Bay for the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands restoration project. The development of an adequate water reservation is important for restoration to satisfy cost-share requirements under federal mandate from the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan for Phase 1 of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands project. We have appreciated the opportunity to participate in the rulemaking process and discuss the rule with staff, although several issues remain unresolved. We recommend that the SFWMD moves forward with the water reservation, provided that language is revised in the proposed rule to: 1. Ensure groundwater withdrawals do not adversely affect existing canal flows. Currently the rule states that “withdrawals of groundwater” do not withdraw reserved water. -
Everglades National Park and the Seminole Problem
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK 21 7 Invaders and Swamps Large numbers of Americans began migrating into south Florida during the late nineteenth century after railroads had cut through the forests and wetlands below Lake Okeechobee. By the 1880s engineers and land developers began promoting drainage projects, convinced that technology could transform this water-sogged country into land suitable for agriculture. At the turn of the cen- EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK AND THE tury, steam shovels and dredges hissed and wheezed their way into the Ever- glades, bent on draining the Southeast's last wilderness. They were the latest of SEMlNOLE PROBLEM many intruders. Although Spanish explorers had arrived on the Florida coast early in the sixteenth century, Spain's imperial toehold never grew beyond a few fragile It seems we can't do anything but harm to those people even outposts. Inland remained mysterious, a cartographic void, El Laguno del Es- when we try to help them. pirito Santo. Following Spain, the British too had little success colonizing the -Old Man Temple, Key Largo, 1948 interior. After several centuries, all that Europeans had established were a few scattered coastal forts. Nonetheless, Europe's hand fell heavily through disease and warfare upon the aboriginal Xmucuan, Apalachee, and Calusa people. By 1700 the peninsula's interior and both coasts were almost devoid of Indians. Swollen by tropical rains and overflowing every summer for millennia, Lake The vacuum did not last long. Creeks from Georgia and Alabama soon Filtered Okeechobee releases a sheet of water that drains south over grass-covered marl into Florida's panhandle and beyond, occupying native hunting grounds. -
Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources
Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources Everglades National Park was created primarily because of its unique flora and fauna. In the 1920s and 1930s there was some limited understanding that the park might contain significant prehistoric archeological resources, but the area had not been comprehensively surveyed. After establishment, the park’s first superintendent and the NPS regional archeologist were surprised at the number and potential importance of archeological sites. NPS investigations of the park’s archeological resources began in 1949. They continued off and on until a more comprehensive three-year survey was conducted by the NPS Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC) in the early 1980s. The park had few structures from the historic period in 1947, and none was considered of any historical significance. Although the NPS recognized the importance of the work of the Florida Federation of Women’s Clubs in establishing and maintaining Royal Palm State Park, it saw no reason to preserve any physical reminders of that work. Archeological Investigations in Everglades National Park The archeological riches of the Ten Thousand Islands area were hinted at by Ber- nard Romans, a British engineer who surveyed the Florida coast in the 1770s. Romans noted: [W]e meet with innumerable small islands and several fresh streams: the land in general is drowned mangrove swamp. On the banks of these streams we meet with some hills of rich soil, and on every one of those the evident marks of their having formerly been cultivated by the savages.812 Little additional information on sites of aboriginal occupation was available until the late nineteenth century when South Florida became more accessible and better known to outsiders. -
Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus Maritimus Mirabilis
Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis ape Sable seaside sparrows (Ammodramus Federal Status: Endangered (March 11, 1967) maritimus mirabilis) are medium-sized sparrows Critical Habitat: Designated (August 11, 1977) Crestricted to the Florida peninsula. They are non- Florida Status: Endangered migratory residents of freshwater to brackish marshes. The Cape Sable seaside sparrow has the distinction of being the Recovery Plan Status: Revision (May 18, 1999) last new bird species described in the continental United Geographic Coverage: Rangewide States prior to its reclassification to subspecies status. The restricted range of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow led to its initial listing in 1969. Changes in habitat that have Figure 1. County distribution of the Cape Sable seaside sparrrow. occurred as a result of changes in the distribution, timing, and quantity of water flows in South Florida, continue to threaten the subspecies with extinction. This account represents a revision of the existing recovery plan for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (FWS 1983). Description The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a medium-sized sparrow, 13 to 14 cm in length (Werner 1975). Of all the seaside sparrows, it is the lightest in color (Curnutt 1996). The dorsal surface is dark olive-grey and the tail and wings are olive- brown (Werner 1975). Adult birds are light grey to white ventrally, with dark olive grey streaks on the breast and sides. The throat is white with a dark olive-grey or black whisker on each side. Above the whisker is a white line along the lower jaw. A grey ear patch outlined by a dark line sits behind each eye. -
Keepers of Fort Lauderdale's House of Refuge
KEEPERS OF FORT LAUDERDALE’S HOUSE OF REFUGE The Men Who Served at Life Saving Station No. 4 from 1876 to 1926 By Ruth Landini In 1876, the U.S. Government extended the welcome arm of the U.S. Life-Saving Service down the long, deserted southeast coast of Florida. Five life saving stations, called Houses of Refuge, were built approximately 25 miles apart. Construction of House Number Four in Fort Lauderdale was completed on April 24, 1876, and was situated near what is today the Bonnet House Museum and Garden. Its location was on the main dune of the barrier island that is approximately four miles north of the New River Inlet. Archaeological fi nds from that time have been discovered in the area and an old wellhead still exists at this location. House of Refuge. The houses were the homes of the keepers and their Courtesy of Mrs. Robert families, who were also required to go along the beach, Powell. in both directions, in search of castaways immediately after a storm.1 Keepers were not expected, nor were they equipped, to effect actual lifesaving, but merely were required to provide food, water and a dry bed for visitors and shipwrecked sailors who were lucky enough to have gained shore. Prior to 1876, when the entire coast of Florida was windswept and infested with mosquitoes, fresh water was diffi cult to obtain. Most of the small settlements were on the mainland, and shipwrecked men had a fearful time in what was years later considered a “Tropical Paradise.” There was a desperate need for rescue facilities. -
In Honor of Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Guardian of the Everglades
I I lr4sTIluTEFOn SCientifiC IN f0t7MAT10N@ I 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 191Cd In Honor of Marjory Stoneman Douglas, I Guardian of the Everglades [ Number 33 Auizust 14, 1989 This essay considers the life and work of Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890- ), an authority on the Florida Everglades whose writings and advocacy have made her one of the most celebrated defenders of that subtropicalregion, Also discussedis a bronze sratue of a Ftorida panther by Philadelphia scufptor Eric Berg, which ISI@ has commissioned for installation in the Everglades NationaI Park. Activism on behalf of the environment, tually, we visited the Everglades National at least on a broad scale, seems a relatively Park together, where I purchased her books. recent phenomenon. The late- 1960s’ ‘‘ecol- I then asked Len to arrange a meeting with ogy” movement, which probably reached his old tilend. The three of us met at her its height with the observance of Earth Day home in Coconut Grove last summer. in 1970, gave rise to a new popular con- When I spoke with this remarkable wom- sciousness of environmental issues. While an, she shared many insights into her own this consciousness may have waned at times life, the problems facing the Everglades and in succeeding years, there is no doubt that surrounding areas, education, politics, and in the late 1980s, with headlines being made a host of other topics. In tits essay, in honor by oil spills, toxic waste, polluted beaches, of Douglas, I’d like to describe briefly some- disappearing rain forests, and the green- thing of her life and work, present a few ex- house effect, concern for the environment cerpts from our conversation, and discuss has returned to the forefront as an intern- one small way in which ISI@ is helping to ational priority. -
TTC Teacher Training Center
1 2017 PTC Summit on Teaching Boys General Information for Participants 6-8 July 2017 For TTC, CTC or ½ PTC credit IMPORTANT REMINDER: YOU MUST BRING A LAPTOP TO YOUR SESSION Location The Turnberry Isle Hotel and Resort, 19999 West Country Club Drive Aventura, Florida 33180 USA Phone: +1 305 932 6200 • Hotel Reservations Fax: +1 305 933 6554 • http://turnberryislemiami.com/ To I-95 Mt. Sinai Clinic Grocery/Pharmacy Turnberry Isle Hotel PTC Institutes Mall PTC Miami 2017 Summit on Teaching Boys General Information 1 2 ARRIVAL PTC 3-day Summit on Teaching Boys • Course registration is from 8:00am-8:30am on the first date of the course in hotel conference area. Check your welcome letter or the front desk for details. • Hotel check in begins at 4:00pm on the day BEFORE the course. If you arrive prior to 4:00 and your room is not ready, the hotel will allow you to store your luggage until your hotel room is available. • Instruction on day one begins right after registration, starting at 8:30am. Arrive in plenty of time to attend this first session. It is essential to the rest of the course. Note: You must pay a security deposit to the hotel at check-in of either $100 secured by a personal credit card, a card you are authorized to use with a signed permission letter, or $50 in cash to cover incidentals. This deposit is refundable upon check out if not used. WHAT TO BRING • Completed preparation assignments • Laptop computer with wireless internet access; bring power adapter if required; download course materials before your arrive • A sweater or sweatshirt (all training rooms are air-conditioned) • An umbrella • Dress for the course is casual VISAS Check early to determine if you need a visa to travel to the USA • For visa information visit: https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/visit/visitor.html • The PTC can provide a visa support letter and payment receipt should you require them. -
Florida Anthropological Society NEWSLETTER
Florida Anthropological Society NEWSLETTER Number 197 David B. Burns, Editor February 2010 Next Board Meeting view the newly completed walk-in shell mound exhibit. Bus transportation to and from the reception is included in your The FAS board will meet on Saturday February 27, conference registration and will depart from the Harborside 2010 at 10 AM at the SEARCH office in Newberry. Chapter Event Center. Representatives are reminded to email their Chapter reports to Saturday, May 8: Papers and posters will be the Board before the meeting. presented morning and afternoon at Harborside Event Center. The deadline for abstracts and poster proposals is February 2010 FAS Annual Meeting 12, 2010. Vendors with books and other wares will be available at the event center. Lunch is on your own on Saturday and many small restaurants are nearby, or pick up a The 62nd annual FAS meeting will be held May 7-9 at the sandwich and stroll by the river. Harborside Event Center in Fort Myers hosted by The The FAS Annual Business Meeting and FAS New Southwest Florida Archaeological Society (SWFAS). Board Meeting will follow the paper sessions on Saturday. Accommodations Saturday night’s banquet features speaker Dr. Jerald Accommodations for FAS 2010 will be at the new Hotel T. Milanich, Curator Emeritus in Archaeology at the Florida Indigo, just a block from the Harborside Event Center and a Museum of Natural History. Please sign up for the banquet short walk to the Caloosahatchee River. The Hotel Indigo is a when you register by April 7, 2010. Dr. Milanich will speak 67-room boutique hotel that opened in 2009, with a bar, on Adventures in the Everglades, A.W. -
Who Killed All the Miami Blues? by Dennis Olle Holly Salvato
James L. Monroe Who Killed All the Miami Blues? by Dennis Olle Holly Salvato The night of the iguana. Populations of non-native introduced iguanas have exploded on the Florida Keys. Nickerbeans, the caterpillar foodplant for Miami Blues on Bahia Honda, are part of their diet. Aug. 26, 2010. Bahia Honda State Park, FL. The re-discovery and would-be protection and restoration of Miami Blues in Florida has been Miami Blues have disappeared — the well-chronicled in these pages (see below). I U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service in the wish I had better news to report regarding the G. W. Bush administrations failed status of this rare butterfly, but I do not. to declare them an endangered While sitting in a parking lot in El Cerrito, species; the State of Florida, despite California checking my office emails, I received good intentions, failed to implement word from a representative of the Florida Fish a management plan; and personnel and Wildlife Commission to the effect that: The at University of Florida failed to learn “flagship” wild Miami Blue colony at Bahia what factors have caused their decline Honda State Park in the Lower Florida Keys had or to maintain the laboratory colony apparently collapsed (in fact, neither adults nor These mated Miami Blues, to the best of our knowledge the last Miami Blues created as a safety valve if disaster caterpillars have been seen at Bahia Honda seen at Bahia Honda State Park, provided hope for a future that has now died. befell the Bahia Honda colony. State Park since January 2010) and the captive Jan. -
Podcast Transcript
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ENDANGERED SPECIES PROGRAM TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW TIME (05:37) MIAMI BLUE BUTTERFLY (HOST – MEAGAN RACEY WITH MARK SALVATO) This transcript was produced from audio provided by FWS Endangered Species Program P R O C E E D I N G S (Music plays.) MS. RACEY: Hi there. This is Meagan Racey with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Today Mark Salvato, biologist with the Service’s South Florida office has joined me on the phone to chat about the Miami blue butterfly, a small butterfly found on Florida’s coast. Hi, Mark. MR. SALVATO: Hey. Pleasure talking to you. MS. RACEY: Thanks for joining us. Now, I understand that this endangered butterfly was once thought to be extinct. MR. SALVATO: Yes. The Miami blue population in Biscayne National Park and other parts of the Florida Keys was not observed again after Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Only one small population was believed to exist on Northern Key Largo until about 1996. After that no one recorded another sighting for years until a photographer in 1999, discovered some in the Bahia Honda State Park in the lower Florida Keys. That population was stressed extirpation from more extreme weather patterns, which included drought and cold snaps and from exotic green iguanas eating the leaves where Miami blues lay their eggs. Now the butterfly occurs only on a handful of small islands within the Marquesas Keys, which is in Key West National Wildlife Refuge. This area is located about 50 miles due west of Key West and the main island chain of the Florida Keys.