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Volume 1, December 2020 E-ISSN 2716-697X © Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2020 Volume 1, December 2020 e-ISSN 2716-697X © Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, graphic, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah, except as permitted by Act 332, Malaysian Copyright Act of 1987. Permission of rights is subjected to royalty or honorarium payment. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah makes no representation–express or implied, with regards to the accuracy of the information contained in this journal. Users of the information in this journal need to verify it on their own before utilizing such information. Views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of the Editorial Board and University Malaysia Sabah. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah shall not be responsible or liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary problems or damages resulting in whole or part, from the reader’s use of, or reliance upon, the contents of this journal. Cover photo credits: Vijay Kumar, Rolando Robert, Jenny Teo and Teoh Chui Peng Typeface for text: Myriad Pro Text type and leading size: 11/13.2 points Published by: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah Tingkat Bawah, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah CONTENTS Preface iv Editorial Board vi Review paper ADDITIVES FOR CELLULASE ENHANCEMENT 1 Eugene M. Obeng, Chan Yi Wei, Siti Nurul Nadzirah Adam and Clarence M. Ongkudon A GLANCE AT MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BAMBOOS 19 (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Nabilah Mohamad Khairi, Wilson Thau Lym Yong, Julius Kulip and Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Research articles GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SABAH RICE CULTIVARS USING RANDOM 35 AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS Alvina Simon, Vijay Kumar Subbiah, Chee Fong Tyng and Noor Hydayaty Md Yusuf SEPARATION OF REBAUDIOSIDE A FROM Stevia rebaudiana 45 EXTRACT USING LOW POLARITY RESIN AB-8 Chong Saw Peng, Norazlina Noordin, Mustapha Akil and Norellia Bahari IDENTIFICATION AND OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 55 OF Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM RECREATIONAL PARKS AROUND KOTA KINABALU, SABAH Rajeena Sugumaran, Pamela David Jocksing and Nur Athirah Yusof SEPARATION OF STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES FROM Stevia rebaudiana 77 USING DIFFERENT AQUEOUS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES Chong Saw Peng, Mustapha bin Akil and Norellia binti Bahari CHARACTERISATION OF AN ANTARCTIC YEAST Glaciozyma 89 antarctica PI12 Teoh Chui Peng, Koh Soon Peng and Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling OPTIMISATION OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR BASED ON 103 BARE GOLD ELECTRODE FOR DETECTION OF ALUMINIUM ION Gilbert Ringgit, Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee, Suryani Saallah and Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal REASSESSMENT OF THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND SUBSTRATE 125 SPECIFICITY OF FKBP35 FROM Plasmodium knowlesi USING PROTEASE-FREE ASSAY Cahyo Budiman, Carlmond Goh Kah Wun, Lee Ping Chin, Rafida Razali and Adam Leow Thean Chor PREFACE e are proud to present the inaugural issue of a new journal, the Borneo International Journal of Biotechnology (BIJB), Volume 1, December 2020. WBIJB is initiated by the Biotechnology Research Institute and published by UMS Press. It offers a platform for scientists to share scientific knowledge and discovery in the field of biotechnology. The scopes of this journal cover every aspect of biotechnology, including but not limited to biochemistry, molecular biology, bioprocesses, biosensors, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. BIJB aims to provide readers around the globe with peer-reviewed research articles on a wide variety of biotechnology-related issues. The editors are committed to maintaining a high ethical standard, and do not tolerate plagiarism, duplicate publication, and other publication frauds and misconducts. While every effort has been taken to ensure compliance with the publication ethics, post-publication articles that are found to breach the BIJB copyright transfer agreement’s terms and conditions, or other publication ethics will be retracted from the journal. At least two peer reviewers are assigned to review each manuscript that is submitted to ensure the content has scientific merits and meets the required standard. New members will be added to the editorial board from time to time to include internationally recognized experts from different disciplines of biotechnology. At the same time, the publisher will continue to make the submission to this journal as user friendly as possible. Our vision is to have the BIJB indexed by international databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar within the next five years. In this inaugural issue, there are nine articles, and these are the highlights of these articles. Obeng et al. in their review paper describe the strategy to enhance the overall functionality of cellulases to produce higher product titer, through the supplementation of cellulases with biological complementation, and chemical additives in their review paper. In another review paper, Nabilah et al. documented several molecular techniques commonly used to assess and determine the genetic diversity of bamboo species. Teoh et al. analyze the characteristics of an Antarctic yeast, Glyciozyma antarctica. They report that G. antarctica PI12 is a bipolar budding and it forms a chain of cells at certain growth stages. They also describe the yeast hydrolytic enzymes. Chong et al. document the steviol glycosides separation from Stevia rebaudiana with several aqueous extraction techniques in their first paper, and rebaudioside A separation from Stevia rebaudiana using low polarity resin AB-8 in their second paper. iv | BIJB Vol. 1 (December, 2020), e-ISSN 2716-697X Budiman et al. reported on the reassessment of the catalytic and substrate specificity of Pk-FKBP35 using an alternative method of a protease-free assay. Sugumaran et al. in their paper attribute the antibiotic-resistant profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from recreational parks around Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Simon et al. present the genetic diversity data of Sabah rice cultivars that they have analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Their article provides insights into the genetic relationships and diversity of Sabah rice. Finally, Gilbert et al. describe the electrochemical sensor optimization for the detection of aluminium ion in drinking water. They indicated that the sensor holds great potentials for rapid on- site detection of heavy metal ions in the drinking water. As the editors of this inaugural issue, we would like to thank all contributors and reviewers as well as personnel at the Editorial Office of UMS Press. Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee Chief and Managing Editors BIJB Vol. 1 (December, 2020), e-ISSN 2716-697X | v BORNEO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (BIJB) EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Professor Dr Clemente Michael Wong Managing Editor Associate Professor Dr Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee Editorial Board Dr Paris Leonardo Lavin Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile Dr Zarina binti Amin Dr Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar Dr Cahyo Budiman Professor Dr Vijay Kumar Dr Suryani binti Saallah Dr Nur Athirah Yusof Dr Noor Hydayaty Md. Yusuf Dr Mailin Mission Associate Professor Dr Teoh Peik Lin Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Professor Dr Chye Fook Yee Dr Fan Hui Yin Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah vi | BIJB Vol. 1 (December, 2020), e-ISSN 2716-697X Borneo International Journal of Biotechnology (BIJB) Vol. 1 (December 2020), 1 – 18 e-ISSN 2716-697X Review Article ADDITIVES FOR CELLULASE ENHANCEMENT Eugene M. Obeng1, Chan Yi Wei1, Siti Nurul Nadzirah Adam1 and Clarence M. Ongkudon1, 2* 1Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2Energy Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Received date: 27 June 2019 | Accepted date: 9 August 2019 ABSTRACT Cellulases have been vital for the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass into reduced sugars to produce biofuels and other essential biochemicals. However, the sugar yields achievable for canonical cellulases (i.e. endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases) have not been convincing in support of the highly acclaimed prospects and end-uses heralded. The persistent pursuit of the biochemical industry to obtain high quantities of useful chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass has resulted in the supplementation of cellulose-degrading enzymes with other biological complementation. Also, chemical additives (e.g. salts, surfactants and chelating agents) have been employed to enhance the stability and improve the binding and overall functionality of cellulases to increase product titre. Herein, we report the roadmap of cellulase-additive supplementations and the associated yield performances. Keywords: cellulases, hemicellulases, laccases, LPMOs, salts, surfactants INTRODUCTION Lignocellulose is an important cellulosic feedstock for producing bulk biochemicals and other value-added products due to its abundance, renewability and sustainability (Ramawat & Mérillon, 2015). The use of lignocellulosic biomass has received soaring attention within the last few decades because the ensuing products are believed to be a potential replacement of fossil fuels and fossil-based
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