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Land Cover Dynamics and Water Management in Basin of River Ile on Base of Satellite Data

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Land Cover Dynamics and Water Management in Basin of River Ile on Base of Satellite Data IAAE Inter-Conference Symposium Agricultural Transitions along the Silk Road Restructuring, Resources and Trade in the Central Asia Region 4 - 6 April 2016 | Almaty, Kazakhstan Land cover dynamics and water management in basin of river Ile on base of satellite data Alexey Terekhov, Svetlana Dolgikh RSE "Kazhydromet", Kazakhstan; [email protected] Central Asian regional map KAZAKHSTAN Lake Balkhash River Ili basin Aral Sea 140,000 sq.km Yining Almaty Uzbekistan Kyrgystan Lake Issyk-Kul CHINA 4-year’s average river Ile runoff (164 km, near boundary KZ - China) [daily] M 3 / sec Why ? Day Agricultural landcover dynamics in river Ile basin Landsat images covering of river Ile basin [http:/glovis.usgs.gov] 1983 - current time Arable land in river Ili basin Created on base of LANDSAT 1999-2002 years. Expert interpretation and hand mapping Lake Balkhash Total arable land area (about 1,000,000 ha) KZ 45% 55% CH KZ CHINA Yining Almaty Fragment of arable land map (on base of satellite data 1999-2002 years) Types of cropland practice in river Ili basin River Ili BASIN Irrigated Not irrigated 17% Cropland area Lake Balkhash Kazakhstan 83% KZ CH 38% Cropland 34% Not irrigated 62% winter crops Irrigated area 66% Spring crops Cropland Irrigated area Irrigated Not irrigated Arable land area change during 2003-2010 years in China part of river Ili basin. Created on base of LANDSAT data KZ CHINA Input since 2003 12 % 88% Before 2003 Time of beginning Cropland Land use 2010 Before 2003 During 2003-2010 Example of land use change fragment of river Ili basin [China] Landsat data 2000 2009 5 000 m 5 000 m Artificial Reservoirs, Natural Lakes in basin of river Ile Artificial reservoirs in China’s part of river Ile basin China Before River Kas 2005 1990 2010 2011 River Kunges River Ile 2009 River Tekes 2005 2012 2015 Zharyntaisky reservoir River Ile River Kunges River Ile Kapchagaisky reservoir Landsat -8 June 4, 2015 Landsat images of reservoir № 4 (Zharyntaysky) on river Kas Landsat images of reservoir № 1 on river Tekes. Landsat images of reservoir № 2 (Kapchagaysky) on river Tekes. Landsat images of reservoir № 3 on river Tekes. Landsat images of reservoir № 5 on river Tekes. Water deposit dynamic of artificial reservoirs in China’s part of river Ili basin Water deposit in artificial reservoirs [2010] 106 m3 CH KZ River Ili basin [China] 17% 83% Total volume CH KZ Estimation on base of Landsat images and satellite DEM . Operational part of volume Kapchagay reservoir mirror (river Tekes, China) in presentation of Landsat data and DEM [Google-Earth Elevation] Altitude, (Meter) over sea level River Tekes DEM: SRTM-2000 Elevation of Kapchagay (river Tekes) reservoir zone fragment of granule: 43n-82e Altitude Time series of main parameters of Kapchagay reservoir (riv. Tekes, China) in framework of satellite data and DEM Km 2 Year Water mirror area (m), over sea level Year 10 6 M3 Altitute of reservoir water mirror Year Water deposite in reservoir Satellite monitoring of water deposite in operational part of Kapchagay reservoir (riv. Tekes, China) during 2005-2015 years Water volume Year Satellite monitoring of annual water balance between Kapchagay reservoir and river Tekes flow during 2007-2015 years М3\ sec 600 Aver 2007 500 2008 2009 400 2010 2011 2012 300 2013 2014 200 2015 100 Day 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 -100 -200 Change of river Tekes hydrograph as result of Kapchagay reservoir influence sec After Before M o n t h Different kinds of annual accumulation regimes of Kapchagay reservoir M 3 / sec Dry year High-water year April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. M o n t h Deposite in operational part Zharyntaysky(river Kas,China) reservoir Satellite monitoringSatellite of water depositein Year Many years average water balance between Zharyntaysky reservoir and river Kas outflow on base of satellite data during 2007-2015 years sec Day in year INCREASING R E S E R V O I R O I V E R S R E DECREASING Change of river Kas hydrograph as result of Zharyntaysky reservoir influence River flow River After Before M o n t h Satellite monitoring of water deposite in artificial reservoirs on territory of China river Ile basin during 2005-2016 years Sum of Kapchagay and Zharyntay reservoirs Deposite Depositein operational parts Year Water deposit in operational parts of two main artificial reservoirs in China part of river Ile basin on January 01 in seasons of 2007-2016 years Year Satellite monitoring of water deposite in operational parts of [Kapchagay+Zharyntay] reservoirs during 2014 – 2016 years Many years maximum Many years minimum Water volumes aimed at the completion of the largest artificial reservoirs (Kapchagay, Zharyntay) during May – September of 2007-2015 years. Satellite estimation Year Interannual water volume regulation of river Ile runoff with help of Kapchagay and Zharyntay reservoirs in China part of river Ile basin. Satellite estimation. Blue – the support of river Ile flow due to stocks of previous years; Orange – the removal from the current river Ilr flow to roiling stock Year Kazakhstan part of river Ile basin Balkhash lake as end water body in river Ili basin Northern Tien-Shan mountain Kapchagay reservoir River Ili Alakol gulf Balhash Lakes Balhash lake: Water mirror area – 16,4 thousands km2 Volume – 112 km3 Satellite diagnostic of water level in Balkhash lake in period 1975-2012 years Landsat images of Alakol gulf 1975 1979 1994 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Levels of Balhash lake during 1996-2013 years [daily data] Annual (01.01 – 31.12) change of Bahash lake level and volume during 1996-2013 years sm km3 Volume change Volume Level change Level Foto near lake Balkhash (July 2010) Level of Kapchagay reservoir (river Ile, KZ) during 1996-2013 year (daily data) sm L e v e l v e L sm L e v e l e L sm L e v e l e L River flow: - satellite estimation in China’s part of river Ile basin; - ground data in Kazakh part of river Ile basin. River Kas [China] flow with different runoff level LANDSAT images August 12, 2014 August 3, 1999 River Ile about 50 m3/ sec about 500 m3/ sec River Tekes [China] flow with different runoff level LANDSAT images April 11, 2013 Augustl 9, 2013 about 90 m3/ sec about 900 m3/ sec 3 km Relation between ground and satellite (Landsat) data of river Kas charge during 1989-2015 years River runoff M 3 / sec Satellite estimation Satellite River M 3 / sec runoff Ground data (average monthly) Satellite diagnostic of runoff in the downstream of river Kas during 1996-2015 years M 3/ sec M 3/ sec M 3/ sec Satellite estimation Ground data Many year average M 3/ sec The share of the annual river Kas [China] flow addressed to water conduits bypassing its mouth. Satellite estimation Share of annual river flow Year Satellite estimation of river Tekes [China] annual hydrographs during 2010-2015 years M3/ sec M3/ sec M3/ sec M o n t h M o n t h M o n t h Satellite estimation of river Tekes [China] runoff during May – October of 2010-2015 years Year River Tekes [China] runoff during [May – October] on base of ground data (1957-2010) and satellite estimation (2009-2015) years Ground Year data Satellite estimation Daily water level of river Ile (164 km, KZ) during 1996 – 2013 years 0 (mark) - 483 m BS sm Daily river Ile runoff (164 km, KZ) during 1996 – 2013 years M 3 / sec Relation between river Ile level and its runoff (164 км) [April – November] during 1996-2013 years (daily data) М 3 \ sec 1400 1996 1997 1200 1998 1999 2000 1000 2001 2004 2005 800 2006 2007 River River runoff 2008 2009 600 2010 2011 2012 400 2013 200 200 250 300 350 400 450 River level, (sm) Relation between annual averages river Ile levels and its runoff (164 км, KZ) during 1996-2013 years without 2008 and 2010 data [M3 / sec] / [sm] [April – November] Year River Ile state in presentation of LANDSAT 01.08.1996; h=298 sm, 863 м3\sec; 14.08.2013; h=304 sm, 401 м3\sec. 01 August 1996 14 August 2013 Daily water level in river Ile (37 km, KZ) during 1996 – 2013 years 0 (mark) - 427.76 m BS Daily data sm Daily river Ile runoff (37 km, KZ) during 1996 – 2013 years M3 / sec Daily data Relation between river Ile level and its runoff (37 км) [April – November] during 1996-2013 years (daily data) М 3 \ sec 1996 800 1997 750 1998 1999 700 2000 650 2001 600 2002 2004 550 2005 500 River River runoff 2006 450 2009 400 2010 2011 350 2012 300 2013 370 390 410 430 450 470 2007 River level, (sm) Relation between annual averages river Ile levels and its runoff [37 km] during 1996-2013 years [ M3/sec] / [sm] Year Comparison between river Ile runoff [164 km] and calculated inflow in Kapchagay reservoir (river Ile runoff [37 km] plus Kapchagay reservoir volume change) [ M3/sec] M o n t h Day Black - river Ile runoff [164 km]; Red - calculated inflow Comparison between river Ile runoff [164 km, KZ] and calculated inflow in Kapchagay reservoir (river Ile runoff [37 km] plus Kapchagay reservoir volume change) M o n t h [ M3/sec] Day Black - river Ile runoff [164 km]; Red - calculated inflow Relation between average annual change of lake Balkhash level and relevant river Ile runoff [37 km] during 1996 – 2013 years 3 M / sec Original ground data Corrected river runoff data sm Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Lake level change Conclusion Informational deficite about territory state of transboundary river basins to create questions about food and water security, unstable economic development and stability of the region ecology .
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