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Analisis Multidimensional Scaling Dalam Pengelompokan Kabupaten/Kota Berdasarkan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2017

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Analisis Multidimensional Scaling Dalam Pengelompokan Kabupaten/Kota Berdasarkan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2017 ANALISIS MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING DALAM PENGELOMPOKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA BERDASARKAN FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA TAHUN 2017 SKRIPSI Oleh BETTI NOVA KRISTINA SINABANG NIM. 151000416 PROGRAM STUDI S1 KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2019 ANALISIS MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING DALAM PENGELOMPOKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA BERDASARKAN FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA TAHUN 2017 SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat pada Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh BETTI NOVA KRISTINA SINABANG NIM. 151000416 PROGRAM STUDI S1 KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2019 i Telah diuji dan dipertahankan Pada tanggal: 15 Juli 2019 TIM PENGUJI SKRIPSI Ketua : Dr. Ir. Erna Mutiara, M.Kes. Anggota : 1. Maya Fitria, S.K.M., M.Kes. 2. Lanova Dwi Arde M, S.K.M., M.K.M. ii iii Abstrak Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan adalah suatu tempat yang digunakan untuk menyelenggarakan upaya pelayanan kesehatan, baik promotif, preventif, kuratif, maupun rehabilitatif yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah serta masyarakat. Keberadaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pada suatu negara dapat memengaruhi derajat kesehatan masyarakat suatu bangsa. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan upaya kesehatan belum terselenggara secara menyeluruh, terpadu, dan berkesinambungan sehingga membuat pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia kurang terlaksana dengan baik yaitu jumlah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang masih belum memadai serta penyebaran fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang belum merata. Hal ini menyebabkan distribusi dari fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara perlu untuk diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu suatu upaya pengelompokan perlu untuk dilakukan. Selama ini pengelompokan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis cluster, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis multidimensional scaling. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan pengelompokan 33 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara berdasarkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang dimilikinya dengan menggunakan analisis multidimensional scaling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian terapan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat terlihat bagaimana kelompok-kelompok yang memiliki kemiripan atau ketidakmiripan antar 33 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara berdasarkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang dimilikinya. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat 1 kota yang memiliki fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang baik yaitu Kota Medan, 7 kabupaten/kota yang memiliki fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang cukup yaitu Kota Pematang Siantar, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Kabupaten Asahan, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Kota Binjai, dan Kabupaten Deli Serdang serta 25 kabupaten/kota lainnya yang memiliki fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang kurang. Pengelompokan ini dapat berguna di masa mendatang sebagai bahan masukan atau pertimbangan dalam perencanaan program kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Kata kunci: Fasilitas, pelayanan, pengelompokan, multidimensional, scaling iv Abstract According to Law Number 36 of 2009, health service facilities are places those are used to carry out health service efforts, both promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative efforts carried out by the government and the community. The existence of health service facilities in a country can influence the public health status of a nation. One of the factors that causes health efforts has not been carried out in comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable manner so it makes health services in Indonesia are less well implemented, namely the number of health service facilities those are still inadequate and the distribution of health service facilities those are not evenly distributed. This matter causes the distribution of health service facilities in North Sumatra Province need to be paid attention. It is needed an effort to make an agglomeration. All this time, the agglomeration is done by using cluster analysis but this study is done by using multidimensional scaling analysis. The purpose of this study is to make agglomeration of 33 regencies/cities in North Sumatra Province based on the health service facilities they have by using multidimensional scaling analysis. This study is an applied research. From the results of the analysis can be seen how groups that have similarities or dissimilarities among 33 regencies/cities in North Sumatra Province based on the health service facilities they have. From this study known that there is 1 city that has good health service facilities namely Medan City, 7 regencies/cities that have adequate health service facilities namely Pematang Siantar City, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Asahan Regency, Labuhan Batu Regency, Toba Samosir Regency, Binjai City, and Deli Serdang Regency and 25 other regencies/cities that have poor health service facilities. This agglomeration can be useful in the future as an input or consideration in planning health programs related to health service facilities. Keywords: Facility, service, agglomeration, multidimensional, scaling v Kata Pengantar Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas segala berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Analisis Multidimensional Scaling dalam Pengelompokan 33 Kabupaten/Kota Berdasarkan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2017”. Skripsi ini adalah salah satu syarat yang ditetapkan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara. Selama proses penulisan skripsi ini, penulis banyak mendapatkan bimbingan dan bantuan berbagai pihak baik secara moril maupun materil. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H., M.Hum. selaku Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Prof. Dr. Dra. Ida Yustina, M.Si. selaku Dekan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Dr. Asfriyati, S.K.M., M.Kes. selaku Ketua Departemen Kependudukan dan Biostatistika Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Dr. Ir. Erna Mutiara, M.Kes. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah meluangkan waktu dan pikirannya dalam memberikan petunjuk, saran dan bimbingan kepada penulis sehingga skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan. 5. Maya Fitria, S.K.M., M.Kes. selaku Dosen Penguji I dan Lanova Dwi Arde M, S.K.M., M.K.M. selaku Dosen Penguji II yang telah memberikan saran dan masukan dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. vi 6. dr. Ria Masniari Lubis, M.Si. selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik yang telah membimbing penulis selama menjalani perkuliahan di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara. 7. Seluruh dosen pengajar dan staf administrasi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah memberikan berbagai ilmu, dukungan, serta bantuan selama masa pendidikan penulis hingga dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 8. Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Kepala Sub Bagian Program, Akuntabilitas dan Informasi Publik beserta seluruh staf dan pegawai yang telah banyak membantu penulis dalam perizinan dan pelaksanaan penelitian hingga menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 9. Orang tua tercinta, Robinson Sinabang, S.Pd. dan Resli Manik, S.Pd. yang telah membesarkan, membimbing, dan mendidik penulis dengan penuh kesabaran dan kasih sayang yang tulus serta setia selalu mendoakan penulis selama masa pendidikan hingga menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 10. Adik-adik terkasih yaitu Laura, Andre, dan Naomi serta seluruh keluarga penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan doa dan motivasi kepada penulis selama proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. 11. Teman –teman seperjuangan di peminatan biostatistik dan kependudukan stambuk 2015 yaitu Dian, Harnisah, Isni, Diana, Fadhilah, Noor’l, Nina, Sesil, Meidy, Murri, Defrina, Jose, Peggy, Syafii, Isna dan Ajeng serta abang Andika Mahaprada Tarigan, S.K.M., M.Kes. sebagai staf akademik Departemen Kependudukan dan Biostatistik Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat vii Universitas Sumatera Utara yang memberikan dukungan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 12. Saudara-saudari UKM POMK FKM USU yang selalu mendoakan dan memberi semangat kepada penulis terkhusus untuk sahabat Ahgassi yaitu Christin, Desi, Karen, dan Monita yang selalu setia menguatkan satu sama lain dalam penyelesaian skripsi. 13. Pemimpin kelompok kecil Excelsis Dominik yaitu Sulastri Sormin, S.K.M. dan teman satu kelompok kecil yaitu Ela dan Novinri serta adik-adik kelompok kecil yang terkasih Annora Adora Dominik yaitu Selly, Sandra, Irma, Gita, dan Grace yang selalu mendoakan, memberi perhatian dan semangat kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 14. Sahabat-sahabat terkasih Cican yaitu Bintang, Fitri, Devi, dan Nabila yang selalu memberi perhatian, semangat, dan doa kepada penulis hingga dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih terdapat kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhir kata, penulis berharap skripsi ini dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dan bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Medan, Juli 2019 Betti Nova Kristina Sinabang viii Daftar Isi Halaman Halaman Persetujuan i Halaman Penetapan Tim Penguji ii Halaman Pernyataan Keaslian Skripsi iii Abstrak iv Abstract v Kata Pengantar vi Daftar Isi ix Daftar Tabel xi Daftar Gambar xii Daftar Lampiran
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