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Fact Sheets French, Arabic, Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Somali, Spanish
Translated COVID-19 Resources – September 24, 2020 Page 1 of 4 COVID-19 Resources Available in Multiple Languages Please note that not all resources will be appropriate for the local context. Government of Canada (all webpages available in French) Awareness resources are available in the following languages: Arabic, Bengali, Simplified or Traditional Chinese, Cree, Dene, Farsi, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Innu-Aimun, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut (Nunavik), Italian, Korean, Michif, Mikmaq, Ojibwe Eastern and Western, Oji-Cree, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Tamil, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese Relevant Resources (selected) Languages About COVID-19 All Reduce the spread of COVID-19: Wash All your hands infographic How to care for a child with COVID-19 at All home: Advice for caregivers Physical distancing: How to slow the All except Bengali, Romanian or spread of COVID-19 Vietnamese COVID-19: How to safely use a non- All except Bengali, Traditional Chinese, medical mask or face covering (poster) Greek, Gujarati, Polish, Romanian, Urdu or Vietnamese How to quarantine (self-isolate) at home All except Bengali, Traditional Chinese, when you may have been exposed and Greek, Gujarati, Polish, Romanian, Urdu have no symptoms or Vietnamese Government of Ontario (all webpages available in French) Relevant Resources Languages COVID-19: Reopening schools and child French, Simplified and Traditional care Chinese, Farsi, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Italian, Korean, Polish Punjabi, Spanish, Tamil, Ukrainian, Urdu 519-822-2715 -
Indigenous Languages
INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES PRE-TEACH/PRE-ACTIVITY Have students look at the Indigenous languages and/or language groups that are displayed on the map. Discuss where this data came from (the 2016 census) and what biases or problems this data may have, such as the fear of self-identifying based on historical reasons or current gaps in data. Take some time to look at how censuses are performed, who participates in them, and what they can learn from the data that is and is not collected. Refer to the online and poster map of Indigenous Languages in Canada featured in the 2017 November/December issue of Canadian Geographic, and explore how students feel about the number of speakers each language has and what the current data means for the people who speak each language. Additionally, look at the language families listed and the names of each language used by the federal government in collecting this data. Discuss with students why these may not be the correct names and how they can help in the reconciliation process by using the correct language names. LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Students will learn about the number and • Students will learn about the importance of diversity of languages and language groups language and the ties it has to culture. spoken by Indigenous Peoples in Canada. • Students will become engaged in learning a • Students will learn that Indigenous Peoples local Indigenous language. in Canada speak many languages and that some languages are endangered. INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES Foundational knowledge and perspectives FIRST NATIONS “One of the first acts of colonization and settlement “Our languages are central to our ceremonies, our rela- is to name the newly ‘discovered’ land in the lan- tionships to our lands, the animals, to each other, our guage of the colonizers or the ‘discoverers.’ This is understandings, of our worlds, including the natural done despite the fact that there are already names world, our stories and our laws.” for these places that were given by the original in- habitants. -
Aboriginal Languages and Selected Vitality Indicators in 2011
Catalogue no. 89-655-X— No. 001 ISBN 978-1-100-24855-4 Aboriginal Languages and Selected Vitality Indicators in 2011 by Stéphanie Langlois and Annie Turner Release date: October 16, 2014 How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca. You can also contact us by email at [email protected], telephone, from Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following toll-free numbers: • Statistical Information Service 1-800-263-1136 • National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 • Fax line 1-877-287-4369 Depository Services Program • Inquiries line 1-800-635-7943 • Fax line 1-800-565-7757 To access this product This product, Catalogue no. 89-655-X, is available free in electronic format. To obtain a single issue, visit our website, www.statcan.gc.ca, and browse by “Key resource” > “Publications.” Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, Statistics Canada has developed standards of service that its employees observe. To obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics Canada toll-free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards are also published on www.statcan.gc.ca under “About us” > “The agency” > “Providing services to Canadians.” Standard symbols Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada The following symbols are used in Statistics Canada publications: . -
Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America. -
Spirit Bear: Fishing for Knowledge, Catching Dreams Based on a True Story
Spirit Bear: Fishing for Knowledge, Catching Dreams Based on a True Story LakE BEArbine Dream Chipewyan: Nati Michif – Prairie: Pawatamihk Nipissing Dialect – Nishinaabemwin: Bwaajgan Innu – Montagnais: Paumu Innu – QC: Puamun Blackfoot: Papokan Quechua (Peru): Musquy Noray House Dialect – Cree: Pawahmowin Algonquin: Wejibaabandam Saulteaux: Pawatan Mushkego (Swampy) Cree: obwamowin Māori: Moemoea Anishinaabemowin: Bawajigan Carrier: Wahlelh Inuktitut: Sinakturtuq Dene: Nats’e’te Dream Chipewyan: Nati Michif – Prairie: Pawatamihk Nipissing Dialect – Nishinaabemwin: Bwaajgan Innu – Montagnais: Paumu Innu – QC: Puamun Blackfoot: Papokan Quechua (Peru): Musquy Noray House Dialect – Cree: Pawahmowin Algonquin: Wejibaabandam Saulteaux: Pawatan Mushkego (Swampy) Cree: obwamowin Māori: Moemoea Anishinaabemowin: Bawajigan Carrier: Wahlelh Inuktitut: Sinakturtuq Dene: Nats’e’te Dream Chipewyan: Nati Michif – Prairie: Pawatamihk Nipissing Dialect – Nishinaabemwin: Bwaajgan Innu – Montagnais: Paumu Innu – QC: Puamun Blackfoot: Papokan Quechua (Peru): Musquy Noray House Dialect – Cree: Pawahmowin Algonquin: Wejibaabandam Saulteaux: Pawatan Mushkego (Swampy) Cree: obwamowin Māori: Moemoea Anishinaabemowin: Bawajigan Carrier: Wahlelh Inuktitut: Sinakturtuq Dene: Nats’e’te Dream Chipewyan: Nati Michif – Prairie: Pawatamihk Nipissing Dialect – Nishinaabemwin: Bwaajgan Innu – Montagnais: Paumu Innu – QC: Puamun Blackfoot: Papokan Quechua (Peru): Musquy Noray House Dialect – Cree: Pawahmowin Algonquin: Wejibaabandam Saulteaux: Pawatan Mushkego (Swampy) -
Nominal Contact in Michif. by Carrie Gillon and Nicole Rosen , with Verna De - Montigny
806 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 9 5, NUMBER 4 (201 9) Corbett, Greville G. 2009. Canonical inflection classes. Selected proceedings of the 6th Décembrettes , ed. by Fabio Montermini, Gilles Boyé, and Jessie Tseng, 1–11. Online: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/decemb /6/paper2231.pdf . Dahl, Östen . 2004. The growth and maintenance of linguistic complexity . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Harley, Heidi. 2008. When is a syncretism more than a syncretism? Impoverishment, metasyncretism, and underspecification. Phi theory: Phi-features across modules and interfaces , ed. by Daniel Harbour, David Adger, and Susana Béjar, 251–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Parker, Jeff, and Andrea D. Sims. 2020. Irregularity, paradigmatic layers, and the complexity of inflection class systems: A study of Russian nouns. Morphological complexities , ed. by Peter Arkadiev and Francesco Gardani. Oxford: Oxford University Press, to appear. Sagot, Benoît, and Géraldine Walther. 2011 . Non-canonical inflection: Data, formalisation and com - plexity measures. SFCM 2011: The second workshop on Systems and Frameworks for Computational Morphology , ed. by Cerstin Mahlow and Michael Piotrowski, 23–45. Berlin: Springer. Stump, Gregory T . 2016. Inflectional paradigms: Content and form at the syntax-morphology interface . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Zwicky, Arnold M. 1992. Some choices in the theory of morphology. Formal grammar: Theory and imple - mentation , ed. by Robert Levine, 327–71. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Department of Linguistics 1712 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 [[email protected]] Nominal contact in Michif. By Carrie Gillon and Nicole Rosen , with Verna De - montigny . (Oxford studies of endangered languages.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xxii, 202. ISBN 9780198795339. $88 (Hb). Reviewed by Sarah G. -
Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools
Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools Resource Directory Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools Resource Directory: Table of Contents and Section Descriptions 1. Linguistic Resources Academic linguistics articles, reference materials, and online language resources for each BC First Nations language. 2. Language-Specific Resources Practical teaching resources and curriculum identified for each BC First Nations language. 3. Adaptable Resources General curriculum and teaching resources which can be adapted for teaching BC First Nations languages: books, curriculum documents, online and multimedia resources. Includes copies of many documents in PDF format. 4. Language Revitalization Resources This section includes general resources on language revitalization, as well as resources on awakening languages, teaching methods for language revitalization, materials and activities for language teaching, assessing the state of a language, envisioning and planning a language program, teacher training, curriculum design, language acquisition, and the role of technology in language revitalization. 5. Language Teaching Journals A list of journals relevant to teachers of BC First Nations languages. 6. Further Education This section highlights opportunities for further education, training, certification, and professional development. It includes a list of conferences and workshops relevant to BC First Nations language teachers, and a spreadsheet of post‐ secondary programs relevant to Aboriginal Education and Teacher Training - in BC, across Canada, in the USA, and around the world. 7. Funding This section includes a list of funding sources for Indigenous language revitalization programs, as well as a list of scholarships and bursaries available for Aboriginal students and students in the field of Education, in BC, across Canada, and at specific institutions. -
From Truth to Reconciliation : Transforming the Legacy of Residential Schools
AHF_School_cover_JAN23.qxd:Layout 1 1/23/08 3:57 PM Page 1 RESILIENCE OF THE FLOWER BEADWORK PEOPLE Christi Belcourt 1999 Acrylic on Canvas We have survived through incredible odds. We very easily could have been absorbed into the mainstream society. The pressures were there from all sides. No matter. We are here. Despite direct assimilation attempts. Despite the residential school systems. Despite the strong influences of the Church in Métis communities to ignore and deny our Aboriginal heritage and our Aboriginal spirituality. We are still able to say we are proud to be Métis. We are resilient as a weed. As beautiful as a wildflower. We have much to celebrate and be proud of. – Christi Belcourt (excerpt from www.belcourt.net) T r a F n s r BLOOD TEARS f o o Alex Janvier r m m 2001 i Acrylic on linen n T g From Truth to Reconciliation th r Painted on the artist’s 66 birthday, t u h Blood Tears is both a statement of e t Transforming the Legacy of Residential Schools Mr. Janvier’s sense of loss and a h L celebration of his resilience, made all e t g the more powerful with the inclusion o a c of a lengthy inscription painted in his y R own hand on the rear of the canvas. o e f The inscription details a series of c R losses attributed to the ten years o e he spent at the Blue Quills Indian s n i d Residential School: loss of childhood, c e language, culture, customs, parents, Aboriginal Healing Foundation i n l t grandparents, and traditional beliefs. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
Mobilian Jargon in Historiography: an Exercise in the Ethnohistory of Speaking
24 Southern Anthropologist Mobilian Jargon in Historiography: An Exercise in the Ethnohistory of Speaking Emanuel J. Drechsel University of Hawaii, Manoa Patricia Galloway (2006: 225-244) made Mobilian Jargon the subject matter of a chapter in her recent book Practicing Ethnohistory – with several challenging conclusions about its structure, functions, and sociohistorical contexts that call for a response. My essay addresses fundamental misconceptions about this Muskogean- based pidgin language, while raising some broader issues of documentation and analysis relevant to the historical sociolinguistics of greater Louisiana. More to a Name Than Meets the Eye Throughout her essay, Galloway refers to the pidgin as “Mobilian” without the modifying attachment of “Jargon.” The use of the short form would seem a minor terminological difference, were she not to use the same name in reference to Mobilian proper when discussing the Mobilian Indians’ language. This leads to a fundamental confusion of the vernacular and the pidgin by the same name. As I pointed out (Drechsel 1997: 52, 205, 234), it is imperative to differentiate “Mobilian Jargon” from “Mobilian” (like other pidgins and their source languages such as “Chinook Jargon” versus “Chinook” and “Delaware Jargon” versus “Delaware”) because of fundamental extralinguistic as well as grammatical differences between them (Silverstein 1996, 1997). Mobilian Jargon was a Muskogean-based pidgin with a morphologically reduced, analytical grammar; Mobilian proper a Native American vernacular of so far unidentifi ed provenance, with a full-fl edged, synthetic or possibly even polysynthetic grammar and a complex morphology of infl ections and/or affi xations. To imply that Mobilian Jargon directly related to Mobilian proper misrepresents linguistic and historical facts. -
Mamook Kom'tax Chinuk Pipa/Learning to Write Chinook
77 Historical Studies in Education / Revue d’histoire de l’éducation ARTICLES / ARTICLES Mamook Kom'tax Chinuk Pipa/Learning to Write Chinook Jargon: Indigenous Peoples and Literacy Strategies in the South Central Interior of British Columbia in the Late Nineteenth Century Emma Battell Lowman University of Hertfordshire ABSTRACT During the mid-nineteenth century, the advent of multiple gold rushes swept foreign popula- tions into what is now known as the British Columbia Interior, bringing a variety of European languages to the homeland of a multitude of Indigenous languages. In order to bridge commu- nication gaps between these populations, Chinook Jargon, a composite trade pidgin, quickly spread. The Jargon or “Wawa” became so common that, in the last decade of the century, Catholic priest Father J. M. R. Le Jeune developed and standardized a shorthand writing sys- tem for the Jargon — Chinuk pipa — and used it to publish a popular local newspaper. At the same time, residential schools began operating in the region, and English was aggressively promoted; however, contrary to expectations at the time and perceptions since, English literacy developed slowly in the British Columbia Interior. By contrast, Chinook pipa spread quickly and literacy in the Chinook Jargon — for a time — outstripped English literacy. Drawing on extensive primary research in the archives of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate missionary order, interviews, and literature in linguistics, missionary history, Indigenous languages, and colonial exchange, this article considers the different learning and teaching strategies that were used to develop English and Chinook literacy, and their subsequent successes or failures. In so doing, it challenges understandings about the role of pidgins and literacy in more global settler colonial contexts and offers an intervention to the wider theme of the role of literacy in the missionary project. -
Generative Syntax: a Cross-Linguistic Approach
Generative Syntax: A Cross-Linguistic Approach Michael Barrie Sogang University May 30, 2021 2 Generative Syntax: A Cross-Linguistic Introduction ľ 2021 by Michael Barrie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ (한국어: https: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.ko) by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, for noncommercial purposes only. If others modify or adapt the material, they must license the modified material under identical terms. Contents 1 Foundations of the Study of Language 13 1.1 The Science of Language .................................... 13 1.2 Prescriptivism versus Descriptivism .............................. 15 1.3 Evidence of Syntactic Knowledge ............................... 17 1.4 Syntactic Theorizing ....................................... 18 Key Concepts .............................................. 20 Exercises ................................................. 21 Further Reading ............................................ 22 2 The Lexicon and Theta Relations 23 2.1 Restrictions on lexical items: What words want and need ................ 23 2.2 Thematic Relations and θ-Roles ................................ 25 2.3 Lexical Entries .........................................