The Best Short Tape to Suit Your Needs
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Drill Bits 101 I've Used Dowels in a Variety of Woodworking Projects
Drill Bits 101 I’ve used dowels in a variety of woodworking projects having bought myself a pretty decent doweling jig a few years ago. The jig itself came with a twist drill bit for each of the three dowel sizes. For my dowel joinery I often need to drill holes of two different depths; so sometimes it is handy to have two bits of the same diameter with stops set at the different depths. One day I inadvertently was using both a twist bit and a brad point bit and noticed very different results. For example, drilling into end grain was far more difficult with a brad point bit than with the twist bit. All of this got me wondering about the different types of woodworking drill bits. Hence my investigation into the family tree of woodworking drill bits. Note that many drill bits may be multi-purpose, but generally speaking there are different families of bits for plastic, metal(s), tile, and masonry, etc. The basic job of a drill bit of course is to stay centered and not wander, cut the wood to form a round hole, and eject the chips. Seems simple, but not so perhaps, which is why there are so many types of drill bits and even options on lips, lands, flutes, margins, and other design elements – details beyond the scope of Bevel Cut. Of all the types, the common twist drill, invented by Steven Morse in 1863 and covered in US Patent 38119 is the simplest. The V-angle of the tip can vary from 60 to 118 degrees, with the latter being most common in today’s hardware stores according to my own research. -
Precision Shop Tools
Precision, Quality, Innovation PRECISION SHOP TOOLS Band Saw Blades Force Measurement Jobsite & Workshop Tools Laser Measurement Metrology Equipment Precision Granite Precision Ground Solutions Precision Measuring Tools PTA & Hand Tools Roundness Measurement Service Webber Gauge Blocks Catalogue 74E PRECISION, QUALITY, iNNOVATiON For more than 132 years, manufacturers, builders and craftsmen worldwide have depended upon precision tools and saws from The L.S. Starrett Company to ensure the consistent quality of their work. They know that the Starrett name on a saw blade, hand tool or measuring tool ensures exceptional quality, innovative products and expert technical assistance. With strict quality control, state-of-the-art equipment and an ongoing commitment to producing superior tools, the thousands of products in today’s Starrett line continue to be the most accurate, robust and durable tools available. This catalogue features those tools most widely used on a jobsite or in a workshop environment. 2 PUNCHES More than 10 models between automatic centre punches with adjustable stroke, centre punches with round shanks, with square shanks, for prick punches, square head nail sets, drive pin punches and brass drive pin punches. 5 Machinists’ levels Starrett offers a wide variety of levels, many for jobsite and workshop applications. This section has a different type of level – precisely made metal tools with ground surfaces designed specifically for machine shop and toolroom use. Products include our Master Precision Level, machinists’ levels with ground and graduated vials, precision bench levels with double plumbs available at up to 600mm / 24", cross test levels, bench levels and a nickel plated pocket level. 13 SHOP TOOLS A wide variety of gauges and precision hand tools designed for the delicate shop work of machinists and toolmakers. -
Paul Sellers' Workbench Measurements and Cutting
PAUL SELLERS’ WORKBENCH MEASUREMENTS AND CUTTING LIST PAUL SELLERS’ WORKBENCH MEASUREMENTS AND CUTTING LIST NOTE When putting together the cutting list for my workbench, I worked in imperial, the system with which I am most comfortable. I was not happy, however, to then provide direct conversions to metric because to be accurate and ensure an exact fit this would involve providing measurements in fractions of millimetres. When I do work in metric I find it more comfortable to work with rounded numbers, therefore I have created two slightly different sets of measurements. This means that in places the imperial measurement given is not a direct conversion of the metric measurement given. Therefore, I suggest you choose one or other of the systems and follow it throughout. © 2017 – Paul Sellers v2 PAUL SELLERS’ WORKBENCH MEASUREMENTS AND CUTTING LIST WOOD QTY DESCRIPTION SIZE (IMPERIAL) SIZE (METRIC) (THICK X WIDE X LONG) (THICK X WIDE X LONG) 4 Leg 2 ¾” x 3 ¾” x 34 ⅜” 70 x 95 x 875mm 1 Benchtop 2 ⅜” x 12” x 66” 65 x 300 x 1680mm 2 Apron 1 ⅝” x 11 ½” x 66” 40 x 290 x 1680mm 1 Wellboard 1” x 12 ½” x 66” 25 x 320 x 1680mm 4 Rail 1 ½” x 6” x 26” 40 x 150 x 654mm 2 Bearer 1 ¼” x 3 ¾” x 25” 30 x 95 x 630mm 4 Wedge ⅝” x 1 ½” x 9” 16 x 40 x 228mm 4 Wedge retainer ⅝” x 1 ½” x 4” 16 x 40 x 100mm HARDWARE QTY DESCRIPTION SIZE (IMPERIAL) SIZE (METRIC) 1 Vise 9” 225mm Dome head bolts (including nuts and washers) for 4 ⅜” x 5” 10 x 130mm bolting legs to aprons 2 Lag screws (with washers) for underside of vise ½” x 2 ½” 12 x 65mm 2 Lag screws for face -
Dual Marking Gauge
Dual Marking Gauge U.S. Des. Pat. No. D677,179 The Veritas® Dual Marking Gauge has two rods mounted eccentrically in the reference face. One rod has a non-rotating wheel cutter whose bevel faces the reference face (outside cutter) and the other has a non-rotating wheel cutter whose bevel faces away from it (inside cutter), allowing the gauge to be used in a wide range of applications. The hardened steel wheel cutters cut wood fi bers rather than tear them, and produce fi ne cut- lines, ideal for chisel registration. The most common use for this gauge would be as a mortise gauge for scribing both sides of a mortise. Unlike other mortise gauges, the cutters on the Veritas Dual Marking Gauge are used independently, scribing just one line at a time. As a result, this marking gauge can be used anywhere a project requires repeated marking of two dimensions. The individual wheel cutters can be completely retracted into the reference face, and the gauge can function as a single-cutter marking gauge. For most traditional uses, the outside cutter (bevel facing the reference face) would be used; however, for thicknessing a workpiece, the inside cutter (bevel facing away from the reference face) would be used. The eccentric confi guration of the rods maximizes the size of the reference surface, while maintaining the overall size of the gauge. The short side can also be used if space is restricted. As an added advantage, the eccentric nature means this gauge is much less likely to roll off the work surface. -
Build a Plane That Cuts Smooth and Crisp Raised Panels With, Against Or Across the Grain – the Magic Is in the Spring and Skew
Fixed-width PanelBY WILLARD Raiser ANDERSON Build a plane that cuts smooth and crisp raised panels with, against or across the grain – the magic is in the spring and skew. anel-raising planes are used Mass., from 1790 to 1823 (Smith may to shape the raised panels in have apprenticed with Joseph Fuller doors, paneling and lids. The who was one of the most prolific of the profile has a fillet that defines early planemakers), and another similar Pthe field of the panel, a sloped bevel example that has no maker’s mark. to act as a frame for the field and a flat Both are single-iron planes with tongue that fits into the groove of the almost identical dimensions, profiles door or lid frame. and handles. They differ only in the I’ve studied panel-raising planes spring angles (the tilt of the plane off made circa the late 18th and early 19th vertical) and skew of the iron (which centuries, including one made by Aaron creates a slicing cut across the grain to Smith, who was active in Rehoboth, reduce tear-out). The bed angle of the Smith plane is 46º, and the iron is skewed at 32º. Combined, these improve the quality of cut without changing the tool’s cutting angle – which is what happens if you skew Gauges & guides. It’s best to make each of these gauges before you start your plane build. In the long run, they save you time and keep you on track. Shaping tools. The tools required to build this plane are few, but a couple of them – the firmer chisel and floats – are modified to fit this design. -
Marking and Cutting Gauges
Well Stocked Shop Multi-Marker If you’re constantly resetting your gauge to a single measurement, a 3-in-1 Brass Wheel Marking Gauge second gauge, like Lee Valley’s brass Marking Gauge #153490, $15.99 05N65.01, $24.50 3-in-1 gauge, may solve the problem. leevalley.com This gauge sports a head that you Marking and can outfit with a pin, knife, or blade, so you can select the cutter best suited to the task at hand. Cutting Gauges What I like best about this tool is its size. More than one way to make your mark woods. Filing a flat on one side of Like a 4" square, the pin can correct the tendency the compact gauge By Jeff Day to tear out, but your best bet is to fits neatly into my cuttingpartner gauge it with a cutting gauge. apron pocket so it’s With a knife-edged marker, a always in easy reach. Marking and excels at making M cutting gauges crisp, clean lines across the any years ago when I A pin-headed gauge is good grain. Compared to a pin- began tooling up my shop, I for establishing lines parallel scratched line, the cutline helps quickly discovered how much One of my first purchases to the grain, such as you’d need prevent splintering and tear- I could accomplish with basic was the markingonly member gauge of the when laying out hinges, grooves out, a handy attribute when hand tools. Though many were gauge family that is technically for drawer bottoms, rabbets, or chiseling dovetails at their antiques, it wasn’t long before called a due to the thickness of a board when baseline. -
Marking Gauge
Online Extra accurate layouts with a Marking Gauge When it comes to fast and accurate layouts, this traditional tool will more than earns its keep in the woodworking shop. Thumb If I were to make a list of the If you take a look at the various the amount of brass details used screw most-used tools in my shop, the marking gauges being sold today, in the construction. The more marking gauge would be you’ll notice two distinct types. expensive gauges have brass thumb near the top. Even with the Some use a steel pin to scribe a line myriad of rulers, calipers, while others use a flat blade. This and digital measuring second type is often called a “cut- devices that are available ting gauge” because the blade slices today, it’s hard to beat this the wood fibers rather than tearing simple tool for accuracy them, like the pin-style marking and ease of use. gauges (see photos at right). Of the two, I prefer the blade-style gauge. Blade Wedge It scores a cleaner, crisper line. DESIGN. A marking gauge is one of those simple tools whose basic design hasn’t changed much over the years. It has a beam and an adjustable fence (or stock) that is Brass wear strip held in place with a thumb screw, or sometimes, a wedge. Fence The only other differences you’re (or stock) Beam likely to find between the various { A marking gauge (top) tears gauges on the market have to do its way across the wood, while with the level of fit and finish and a cutting gauge scores a line. -
MEASURING and MARKING Tools
Measuring & Marking Measuring & Marking OUTLETS NATIONWIDE 522 Measuring & Marking Solutions for every aspect of measuring and marking for professionals in any business. All products are accurate to international specifications and carry our comprehensive warranty and lifetime replacement policy. 524-527 527 528-530 530-534 534-536 Tapes & Rules Measuring Wheels Squares & Bevels Measuring Gauges Dial Indicators & Stands 536 536-544 545-547 547-548 549 Counters Micrometers Verniers Calipers, Dividers & Scribers Compasses 550 551 551-553 553 554 Specialised Marking Tools Chalks, Crayons & Pencils Chalklines & Refills Marking Gauges Stencils 554-555 556 Levels Surveyors Tools Measuring & Marking AVAILABLE FROM SELECTED 523 Quick Find Index DISTRIBUTORS NATIONWIDE POWER TAPE - SOFT GRIP WITH AUTOLOCK MEASURING TAPE - RUBBER ! Magnetic hook ! Top stop secures tape in place ! Non-slip grip rubber case is robust and impact resistant ! Clearly marked blade with ! Automatic blade lock (BLADE LOCKS ITSELF WHEN PULLED OUT) metric graduations ! ! Push button retrieval Extra tough impact resistant ABS case with sure-grip ! Chrome belt clip rubber shroud ! Power return blade glides back into case automatically with smooth rewind action Code Size MTS4800 3m x 16mm Code Size MTS4805 5m x 19mm RIC4167 3m x 13mm MTS4810 7.5m x 25mm RIC4170 5m x 19mm MTS4815 10m x 25mm RIC4180 7.5m x 25mm TAPE - SHOX MEASURING TAPE - ABS ! Positive brake action locks ! Expert quality, finely engineered tapes blade solidly in hand are renowned for reliability ! Sliding end -
Jointing Sharpening Now Observe How the Clock
PROJECTS & TECHNIQUES Product tech – saw doctor PHOTOGRAPHS BY MARK HARRELL Rake Finding the Rake Rake is the degree of offset from vertical, and this angle governs whether you want an aggressive, ripping cut, or a clean, slower crosscut. Note the angle – we generally set rake for a rip filing somewhere between The saw 0° to 8°. Establish rake closer to zero for aggressive ripping in softwoods, and closer to 10° for dense hardwoods. Crosscut filings generally mandate 15° to 20°. Hybrid-filing finds the sweet spot at 10°. Bevel (aka ‘fleam’) doctor Bevel indicates whether you desire to knife the cutting edge of a sawtooth. Little to no bevel (between 0° and 8°), is best suited for rip filings. Again, the rule here is select closer to 0° for ripping softwoods, and gravitate closer to 8° for ripping hardwoods. will see I usually find that 5° for dedicated rip either way delivers a crisp, assertive action, and mitigates tear-out on the far side of the cut. As for crosscut filings, 15° to 20° delivers a 20° is the perfect bevel angle.” Don’t buy and somewhere in between for hybrid. clean, knife-like action when sawing across into it. Anyone who says they consistently Here’s why precise angles just don’t matter: the grain. Hybrid-filing finds the sweet spot hit a certain degree standard when hand- a rip-filed saw will crosscut, and a crosscut- you now for both at 10° to 12°. sharpening a saw is full of it. Again, the filed saw will rip. The point is, any properly important thing isn’t hitting a certain degree. -
Essential Marking & Measuring
HARRISON & CLOUGH LTD ESSENTIAL MARKING & MEASURING LEADING BRANDS INNOVATION VALUE FOR MONEY All available from the experts - Harrison & Clough Ltd Harrison & Clough Ltd. Tel • 0844 571 22 22 P.O. Box 9, Keighley, Fax • 0844 571 22 33 West Yorkshire, Email • [email protected] BD21 4EG. Website • www.harclo.com BMI Levels BMI manufacture high-quality measurement tools for the most diverse of applications. The products meet the highest demands of trade and industry combining tradition and innovation. A further indication of the continuous innovation by BMI are the 40 active patents. Two of BMI patented milestones in the development and production of practical measuring instruments include: The introduction of unique spirit levels in 1986 whose vials have been fixed by means of ULTRASONIC WELDING, and the high-tech manufacture of the EUROSTAR range with unbreakable laser - marked vials since 1997. All BMI’s efforts follow the intention to equip merchants with up-to-date, marketable quality measuring instruments to lead the market. BMI Super Robust R1000 6605T691060S 600mm List Price: £68.99 6605T691080S 800mm List Price: £72.99 6605T691090S 1000mm Ultrasonic welded List Price: £79.99 Round vials for reflection vials free readability Extremely sturdy 4-chamber 2mm aluminimum profile 6605T691120S 1200mm box section List Price: £93.99 6605T691180S 1800mm List Price: £119.99 Thick rubber end caps Original Super Robust Vial bubbles move 5x faster than those of ordinary levels. Therefore inaccuracies can be recognised much sooner Harrison & Clough Ltd. Tel • 0844 571 22 22 P.O. Box 9, Keighley, Fax • 0844 571 22 33 1 West Yorkshire, Email • [email protected] BD21 4EG. -
Twist-Lock Marking Gauge
X ζ Marking with a twist. This unusual X marking gauge is a snap to make o ea and easy to adjust with just a flick O δ χ of the wrist. Β. Putting It Together Twist-Lock Use a dense hardwood for the fence and the beam so these parts will wear well. Here are some things to keep in mind Marking Gauge when putting the gauge together: Make the fence first. After shaping the outside contours of the fence, drill Twist the Beam to Set This Gauge for Marking the hole in the center with a ^/4-in. Forstner bit. Use the drill press to ensure By Frank Klausz that the hole is square to the face of the fence. That way, the fence will lock marking gauge is useful for all fence for marking, you give the beam a square to the beam. Then use a scroll sorts of layout tasks, from mark- twist, and the fence locks tight and saw or coping saw to enlarge the hole as A ing mortises to laying out dove- square to the beam. shown, orienting the shoulder cut across tails. I rely on a gauge more often than a This cam-type action isn't new to the grain for strength. (See drawing.) pencil when marking because I like the marking gauges. You can sometimes Smooth any bumps with a half-round precise line width a gauge pin leaves and find old twist gauges at auctions, or you file so the sweep of the curve is fair. the ease with which it can be set to any can buy a modern gauge with this twist- I like to glue one or more ivory discs distance from the edge of a workpiece. -
Hand Saw Restoration
NUMBER 175 MARCH 2014 A Journal of Tool Collecting published by CRAFTS of New Jersey Hand Saw Restoration A Presentation by Bob Garay The November CRAFTS Written by Dave Nowicki dle doesn’t make the saw perfect, it can meeting featured a presentation on and does make the saw more comforta- saw restoration by CRAFTS Presi- ble to use. It’s the steel used in these dent Bob Garay. Following is most of the key elements in saws that makes them special. It was highly tempered, the presentation that collectors and woodworkers can use enabling it to hold an edge for a very long time before in the selection and restoration of quality hand saws. resharpening is required. Regardless of any other en- The first rule of thumb is to start with a good hancements it’s the steel that makes a saw. What’s a good saw? In this case we’re talking saw good. With regard to other enhance- about good usable saws. Many times just knowing the ments, just about any saw with a rose- maker of the saw will tell you whether you have a good wood handle is a good indicator of a high saw. According to Bob, when he sees a Disston, a Si- quality saw, where premium materials monds or an Atkins saw he knows it’s a good saw. were used to enhance the product. For When it comes to value, Disston‘s are the ones to look example the Atkins #400 and #401 saws for. They were all made to a consistent high quality had rosewood handles.