Factors Affecting the Work of the War Correspondent in Iraqi Satellite Channels Asst.Prof

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 3119-3131 ISSN: 00333077 Factors affecting the work of the war correspondent in Iraqi satellite channels Asst.prof. Median Umran Mahmood Mustansiriyah University /College of Literature /Department of Media/ Iraq. Corresponding Author:[email protected] ABSTRACT This research aims to identify the most important factors controlling and influencing the work of war correspondents in Iraqi satellite channels, defining the features of that control, and revealing the priorities adopted by the war correspondents in dealing with the most important events and their relationship with administrative, political and professional references, and this research is descriptive in terms of the researcher used the method The survey, the questionnaire to collect data and information, and the sample was chosen according to the method of the chance sample, and the size of the field research sample amounted to 95 respondents from war correspondents working in Iraqi satellite channels, and the research concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are: 1. Most of the research sample, at a rate of (67.4%), indicated that the reason for choosing to work as a war correspondent is (personal desire) and this explains the personal motivation to work despite the risks to which the reporter is exposed on the battlefield. 2. The results of the research sample's answers showed, at a rate of (33.5%), the clear dependence of the war correspondents in the Iraqi satellite channels on government sources in obtaining news, and this may be in an attempt to complement those sources. 3. The results of the research indicated that the most important source of the fear of dissatisfaction with news coverage of events stems mainly from anxiety (from dissatisfaction with the channel) with a rate of (43.2%), which explains the fear that the war correspondent has of losing work or administrative punishment far away. For other considerations. 4. The research sample indicated, at a rate of (19.8%) that the most important difficulties facing the war correspondent when covering events are the weakness of coordination between the channel and the military commanders to obtain approvals to enter the battlefield. KEYWORDS: War, correspondent, satellite and channels. Article Received: 10 August 2020, Revised: 25 October 2020, Accepted: 18 November 2020 INTRODUCTION war against terrorist organizations (ISIS). The war correspondent had the role of covering events, The war correspondent is the first source in times documenting victories and heroics, and conveying of war because he is present on the battlefield and them to public opinion and providing the public in the heart of the event to convey what is with information about military events. It is a task happening firsthand for the public to increase their that is not without difficulties and factors that information and knowledge about the existing affect their work, and given the above, the problem military events, and to talk about the role that the of the current research is ambiguity or lack of war correspondent can play in the political and clarity of the nature of the role that the influencing military scene and work in different environments and controlling factors play in the work of the war and climates. According to several factors, TV reporter in Iraq and its reflection on the including the nature of the political system, the formulation of the news reports produced and the policy of the media institution, the existing social limits of courtesy Or submission, submission, or and religious factors, and even the subjective identification contained in it with those forces, and factors that influence the way he deals with events the problem of research can be expressed in a and control in one way or another the nature of the major question, which is what factors affect the news report produced and the methods of treatment work of the war correspondent in the Iraqi satellite that he undertakes to provide information to the channels, and a set of questions are divided into it: public. 1. What are your reasons for choosing the The role of the war correspondent in the Iraqi channel you are working on? satellite channels, Iraq has emerged remarkably 2. What is the source of the news and reports until news bulletins became not without war approved for you mainly in covering correspondents' reports on the developments of the military operations? 3119 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 3119-3131 ISSN: 00333077 3. What do you primarily envision when you The researcher prepared the newspaper as one of cover? the basic research tools, by surveying those in 4. What are the most important difficulties charge of producing the media message and and pressures that you face in covering the represented in this research by war correspondents war events? in Iraqi television channels to collect the necessary 5. What are official institutions not satisfied information in this research to find out the with your reports? pressures and factors affecting the work of the war correspondent, which was prepared based on The importance of the research stems from the defining the research questions. importance of the topic that deals with the subject of the war correspondent and the factors affecting Research community and sample his work, in light of the great competition between The research is taken by the war correspondents Iraqi satellite channels in covering military events working in the Iraqi satellite channels as a and transmitting them to the public, which community for research, and the research was constitutes pressure on the war correspondent, and applied to a sample of that community that was the importance of the research is embodied in drawn according to the method of "chance sample", directing the attention of Iraqi satellite channels to which is a type of probabilistic samples. The the great role that The war correspondent plays it to questionnaire was distributed to the correspondents deliver facts and transmit events in an instant to present in their channels' headquarters. The increase the public’s knowledge and information selected sample of war correspondents is (95) male about military events. The importance of research and female reporters. is also embodied in that it provides information to Iraqi satellite channels about the pressures that Test validity and reliability affect the work of the reporter, which helps those in After the researcher prepared the survey sheet for charge of these channels to identify deficiencies the research, he worked on extracting the validity and find appropriate solutions to raise the level of and reliability of the questionnaire and relied on the the work. apparent validity of the questionnaire if it was Research objectives presented to a group of arbitrators and the percentage of the arbitrators 'agreement on the 1. Identifying the most important controlling paragraphs of the questionnaire was (91.83%), and and influencing factors in the work of war the researcher verified the reliability of the tool. By correspondents on Iraqi satellite channels retesting on a sample consisting of (19) single, at and defining the features of that control. (20%) of the original sample size after two weeks 2. Disclosure of the priorities adopted by the from the application of the forms, and the stability war correspondents in dealing with the rate was (95.5). most important events and their relationship to administrative, political Limitations and areas of research and professional references. The researcher specified the temporal field for the 3. Identifying the sources of fear and anxiety search for the period from (1/10/2019 to 1/2/2019), that war correspondents feel when producing their reports, and knowing the which is the period in which the researcher built the reaction of those who may not like these questionnaire form and distributed it to the research sample and retrieved it, then the Iraqi satellite reports. channels offices in Baghdad were chosen a Type of research and methodology geographical area, and the field represents human war correspondents working for Iraqi satellite This research is considered "descriptive research" channels. aimed at describing situations, phenomena and events and gathering accurate facts about them to The theoretical framework of the research draw an integrated picture of the phenomenon. This First, The concept of the war correspondent research also relies on its approach to the "survey method" as it is a systematic scientific effort that The war reporter knows that he is "the reporter saves effort and capabilities in research and who is sent to the battlefield on a special mission contributes to reaching scientific results. The most during the war, and this position does not exist appropriate for this research is due to the apparent except in case of war" (Al-Jawahiri, 1999, p. 16), lack of data and information related to pressures and he also knows that he is "the person who and factors affecting the work of the war transfers media reports from the battlefield to his correspondent in the Iraqi satellite channels. centre, The writings of journalists documented by the Iraqi media expressed the reality of the war, its The questionnaire developments and its future perspective, as the word and the image were the source of information 3120 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 3119-3131 ISSN: 00333077 for mass mobilization and education, so the report 3. Establishing a network of relations and prepared by the TV war correspondent and his contacts with officials, politicians and the photographer must be advanced and distinguished military leadership in the security and in expressing the correspondent's competence in military field to ensure for him a wide covering the hot events from the existing sites. In range of selectivity between sources and it, the reporter "(El-Far, 2014, page 292), and the to maintain his relationship with these war reporter defines that he is" the person assigned sources by constantly contacting them.

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