July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7515 to do it the right way, which would be There are a list of eight managers’ may be transferred to and merged with ‘‘Op- to say to all Americans we are going to amendments, which I will refer to and erating Expenses of the Agency for Inter- give a $500-per-child tax credit, which then send to the desk en bloc. national Development’’: Provided further, That the provisions of section 107A(d) (relat- the Republicans proposed and which There is the McConnell-Leahy ing to general provisions applicable to devel- the President proposed, which the amendment requiring a report on the opment credit authority) of the Foreign As- Democrats and Republicans voted for, management of the Russia enterprise sistance Act of 1961, as added by section 306 but that tax credit will not be denied fund and prohibiting establishment of a of H.R. 1486 as reported by the House Com- the people just because they paid a private-public entity to manage the de- mittee on International Relations on May 9, payroll tax rather than an income tax. fense enterprise fund activities; a 1997, shall be applicable to direct loans and This conference in the next couple of Leahy amendment establishing credit loan guarantees provided under this para- graph: Provided further, That direct loans or days can do this right or it can do it authority for AID; a Leahy amendment loan guarantees under this paragraph may wrong. I hope they will listen to the allowing funds to be transferred to the not be provided until the Director of the Of- voices of some in this country who say, Export-Import Bank for NIS activities; fice of Management and Budget has certified if you are going to give a tax cut, pay a Leahy technical corrections amend- to the Committee on Appropriations that the some attention to the needs of the mid- ment to section 571; a McConnell- Agency for International Development has dle-income earners in this country who Leahy amendment providing authori- established a credit management system ca- deserve a tax cut, yes, based on income pable of effectively managing the credit pro- ties to DSAA for the costs associated grams funded under this heading, including taxes paid, but also based on the higher with the transfer of EDA to Central that such system (1) can provide accurate sales tax they pay every day as they go and East European countries and use of and timely provision of loan and loan guar- to work and work hard to support their less expensive commercial transport antee data, (2) contains information control families. and stockpiles in Thailand and Korea; systems for loan and loan guarantee data, (3) I yield the floor and suggest the ab- a McConnell-Leahy amendment provid- is adequately staffed, and (4) contains appro- sence of a quorum. ing DSAA authority to obligate funds priate review and monitoring procedures. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. upon apportionment; a McConnell- AMENDMENT NO. 878 HUTCHINSON). The clerk will call the Leahy amendment to provide a date for On page 20, line 14, after the word ‘‘para- roll. the report on Ukraine; and a Leahy graph’’ insert the following: ‘‘Provided fur- The legislative clerk proceeded to amendment with a technical change on ther, That up to $22,000,000 made available call the roll. page 92. under this heading may be transferred to the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Export Import Bank of the United States, AMENDMENTS NOS. 876 THROUGH 883, EN BLOC ask unanimous consent that the order and up to $8,000,000 of the funds made avail- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I for the quorum call be rescinded. able under this heading may be transferred The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without send eight amendments to the desk and to the Micro and Small Enterprise Develop- objection, it is so ordered. ask that they be considered en bloc. ment Program, to be used for the cost of di- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The rect loans and loan guarantees for the fur- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, therance of programs under this heading: what is the pending business? clerk will report. The assistant legislative clerk read Provided further, That such costs, including f as follows: the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional CONCLUSION OF MORNING The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- Budget Act of 1974’’. BUSINESS NELL], proposes amendments numbered 876 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning through 883, en bloc. AMENDMENT NO. 879 business is closed. The amendments are as follows: On page 97, lien 5, strike the words ‘‘be- f AMENDMENT NO. 876 tween the United States and the Government of Indonesia’’. (Purpose: To improve the performance of On page 97, line 6, insert a comma after the FOREIGN OPERATIONS, EXPORT enterprise funds) FINANCING, AND RELATED PRO- word ‘‘sale’’ and strike the word ‘‘or’’. On page 27, line 15 insert the following new On page 97, line 7, after the word ‘‘trans- GRAMS APPROPRIATIONS ACT, sections: fer’’ insert ‘‘, or licensing’’. 1998 (Q) None of the funds appropriated under On page 97, line 7, after the word ‘‘heli- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under this heading or in prior appropriations legis- copter’’ insert ‘‘for Indonesia entered into by the previous order, the Senate will now lation may be made available to establish a the United States’’. proceed to the consideration of S. 955, joint public-private entity or organization engaged in the management of activities or AMENDMENT NO. 880 making appropriations for foreign op- projects supported by the Defense Enterprise On page 102, line 9, after the word ‘‘1998.’’, erations, export financing, related pro- Fund. insert the following: grams for the fiscal year ending Sep- (R) 60 days after the date of enactment of EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES FOR CERTAIN tember 30, 1998, and for other purposes. this Act, the Administrator of AID shall re- EUROPEAN COUNTRIES The clerk will report. port to the Committees on Appropriations on SEC. 575. Section 105 of Public Law 104–164 The assistant legislative clerk read the rate of obligation and risk and antici- (110 Stat. 1427) is amended by striking ‘‘1996 as follows: pated returns associated with commitments and 1997’’ and inserting ‘‘1998 and 1999’’. made by the U.S. Russia Investment Fund. A bill (S. 955) making appropriations for SEC. 576. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS RELAT- foreign operations, export financing, related The report shall include a recommendation ING TO STOCKPILING OF DEFENSE programs for the fiscal year ending Septem- on the continued relevance and advisability ARTICLES FOR FOREIGN COUN- ber 30, 1998, and for other purposes. of the initial planned life of project commit- TRIES. ment. (a) VALUE OF ADDITIONS TO STOCKPILES.— The Senate proceeded to consider the Section 514(b)(2)(A) of the Foreign Assist- bill. AMENDMENT NO. 877 ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(2)(A)) is Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the At the appropriate place in the bill, insert amended by inserting before the period at Chair. the following: the end the following: ‘‘and $60,000,000 for fis- cal year 1998’’. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- DEVELOPMENT CREDIT AUTHORITY ator from Kentucky is recognized. (b) REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE REPUB- For the cost, as defined in section 502 of LIC OF KOREA AND THAILAND.—Section Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, my the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, of di- 514(b)(2)(B) of such Act (22 U.S.C. friend and colleague, Senator LEAHY, rect loans and loan guarantees in support of 2341h(b)(2)(B)) is amended by adding at the the ranking Democrat on the sub- the development objectives of the Foreign end the following: ‘‘Of the following: ‘‘Of the committee, is detained down at the Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA), up to amount specified in subparagraph (A) for fis- White House for the time being. I see $10,000,000, which amount may be derived by cal year 1998, not more than $40,000,000 may his colleague, Senator DORGAN, stand- transfer from funds appropriated by this Act be made available for stockpiles in the Re- ing in for him. We will, while Senator to carry out part I of the Foreign Assistance public of Korea and not more than $20,000,000 Act of 1961 and funds appropriated by this DORGAN is here, by mutual agreement, may be made available for stockpiles in Act under the heading ‘‘Assistance for East- take care of several managers’ amend- Thailand.’’. ern Europe and the Baltic States’’, to remain SEC. 577. DELIVERY OF DRAWDOWN BY COMMER- ments here at the outset of the discus- available until expended: Provided, That of CIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. sion of this year’s foreign operations this amount, up to $1,500,000 for administra- Section 506 of the Foreign Assistance Act bill. tive expenses to carry out such programs of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318) is amended— S7516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking the pe- Rwanda, much like the Truth Commis- overseas without the use of troops is riod and inserting the following: ‘‘, including sion in South Africa. frequently, always, less dangerous and, providing the Congress with a report detail- Mr. President, my amendment is not many times, less expensive. ing all defense articles, defense services, and without precedent. The foreign oper- military education and training delivered to For the better part of the last 3 the recipient country or international orga- ations bill 2 years ago restricted for- years, Senator LEAHY and I have nization upon delivery of such articles or eign assistance to countries that warned that the United States would upon completion of such services or edu- harbored both Rwandan and Yugoslav pay long-term consequences if we con- cation and training. Such report shall also indicted war criminals. I believe this tinued the pattern of shortsighted include whether any savings were realized by was the right standard, and to do any- gains made by reducing foreign assist- utilizing commercial transport services rath- thing less sends the wrong message on ance. er than acquiring those services from United war crimes. If we say we are against Finally, the administration listened. States Government transport assets’’; war crimes in Yugoslavia, we should (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub- I want to commend Secretary Albright section (d); and also equally say we are against war for making an increase in the 150 ac- (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol- crimes in Rwanda. I don’t believe that count her first and foremost priority. lowing: there’s one Senator who doesn’t share The nearly $1 billion increase arrested ‘‘(c) For the purposes of any provision of this belief—but it is important that we a devastating decade-long decline. law that authorizes the drawdown of defense- say so. I think it is important to put this in- or other articles or commodities, or defense My amendment makes a strong crease in perspective. Measured against or other services from an agency of the Unit- statement of support for the Rwandan foreign aid’s peak year of 1985, our re- ed States Government, such drawdown may tribunal and for the cause of human include the supply of commercial transpor- sources have dropped nearly 60 percent. tation and related services that are acquired rights in Africa. Since 1990, we have seen a 40-percent by contract for the purposes of the drawdown Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it is reduction. Keep in mind that those in question if the cost to acquire such com- my understanding that these have been cuts have occurred in times when the mercial transportation and related services approved by the Democrats. United States established assistance is less than the cost to the United States Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, if the programs to help strengthen and sta- Government of providing such services from Senator will yield, Senator LEAHY is bilize more than two dozen new, emerg- existing agency assets.’’. detained. On his behalf, I am here to ing democracies. say that the amendments have been ap- As we welcome Poland, Hungary, and AMENDMENT NO. 881 proved, and he is either a sponsor or a On page 34, line 21, after the word ‘‘Act’’ the Czech Republic into NATO, thereby cosponsor with Senator MCCONNELL. expanding European stability and secu- insert the following: ‘‘: Provided further, That The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without funds made available under this paragraph rity arrangements, we should all re- shall be obligated upon apportionment in ac- objection, the amendments are agreed member it was the United States eco- cordance with paragraph (5)(C) of title 31, to en bloc. nomic and security assistance that United States Code, section 1501(a)’’ The amendments (Nos. 876 through helped make this possible. 883), en bloc, were agreed to. Just taking a look, Mr. President, at AMENDMENT NO. 882 Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the chart here behind me, my col- On page 24, line 9 insert after the word move to reconsider the vote. leagues will notice that in 1985, in bil- ‘‘resolution’’ the following: ‘‘Provided further, Mr. DORGAN. I move to lay that mo- That the Secretary shall submit such deter- tion on the table. lions, the foreign operations account mination and certification prior to March 31, The motion to lay on the table was was $28.2 billion. A mere 12 years later, 1998.’’ agreed to. it was $12.2. And what we are seeing this year, after a decline of $28.2 to $12 Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I AMENDMENT NO. 883 am pleased to bring the fiscal year 1998 billion, is an increase back up to $13.4 (Purpose: To require the withholding of as- foreign operations, export promotion, billion. sistance to any country granting sanc- and related programs appropriations I will argue, as I did a few moments tuary to any person indicted by the Inter- ago, that given the new responsibilities national Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda) bill to the Senate for consideration today. I might say at the outset that to the new emerging democracies, that On page 92, line 16, strike ‘‘is authorized this increase this year in the 150 ac- to’’ and insert ‘‘shall’’. we anticipate finishing this bill to- On page 92, line 21, strike ‘‘should’’ and in- night. There are very few amendments count is entirely appropriate. sert ‘‘shall’’. of which I am aware and, hopefully, we The aspirations, ingenuity, and de- Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I am can mirror the speed with which the termination of the citizens of these pleased the managers of the bill will Department of Defense appropriations countries—particularly in Central Eu- accept my amendment to the foreign bill and the energy and water appro- rope—combined with American grants, operations appropriations bill. My priations bill were completed. loans, exchanges, training, and equip- amendment will apply the same stand- Senator LEAHY and I have worked ment to build democratic institutions, ards for sanctions on countries that closely together to produce a bill which strong free markets, and responsible harbor Rwandan indicted war criminals effectively serves vital international military partners makes a lot of sense. as are applied to countries that provide U.S. political and economic priorities Obviously, this effort should be con- sanctuary for individuals indicted by with the $13 billion allocated to our tinued. The combination of an increase the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal. subcommittee. in the foreign assistance allocation, As the bill is currently written, with Let me point out right up front that along with progress made by emerging the exception of certain types of hu- while the bill stands at $13 billion, we European democracies, have made this manitarian assistance, no foreign aid are funding $13.2 billion on programs; a key transition year—one in which we can be given to any country that pro- the difference is due to the Budget have an opportunity to initiate support vides sanctuary to individuals indicted Committee’s treatment of arrears at for new priorities while ending or es- by the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal. international financial institutions. tablishing clear performance bench- But for those individuals indicted by For the first time in more than a dec- marks in countries where U.S. support the Rwandan war crimes tribunal, the ade, the foreign operations account ac- is not fulfilling political or economic bill contains only a discretionary au- tually experienced an increase. We can expectations. thority to withhold aid. thank Senator STEVENS for under- In this context, let me review some Mr. President, the United States was standing how important it is to have of the bill’s highlights. a cosponsor of the U.N. Security Coun- international options short of sending In title I, we have increased export cil resolution which authorized the es- in U.S. troops. I might just say, Mr. promotion support over the adminis- tablishment of the Rwandan war President, on that point, there are a tration’s request. We have fully funded crimes tribunal. Accountability for the number of our colleagues who are par- the Trade and Development Agency 500,000 people killed in the 1994 geno- ticularly enthusiastic about the de- and the Overseas Private Investment cide is an integral part of any effort for fense option, and I am among them. On Corporation, and to compensate for dis- reconciliation and reconstruction in the other hand, being able to engage mal forecasting at the Eximbank, we July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7517 have increased the funding there as and support the constitutional and eco- ing. While this level reflects a slight well. nomic changes which have been reduction of the administration’s re- No one is more pleased than I am achieved. However, to leverage im- quest, we were able to provide an in- that there is a new team directing the provements and accelerate the pace of crease in aid to Jordan and an increase Bank’s important work. However, the reforms, 35 percent of the aid package in support for Lithuania, Estonia, and new Chairman arrives in with the news is withheld until the Secretary of State Latvia. that the Bank expects to have to carry certificates progress has been made Let me speak for a moment to the over into 1998 nearly $400 million in combating corruption, and moving for- case of the Baltic countries. I know I planned or possible 1997 projects be- ward with key economic and political am joined by many of my colleagues cause of a shortfall in available fund- policy changes. who believe the Baltic nations should ing. At a time when everyone recog- Russia offers another example of be the next nations on the list of NATO nizes that exports are key to American where aid must better serve United entrants. Having never recognized economic growth, we need to support States interests. For the past 2 years, their domination by the Soviet Union Exim’s vital mission. While the admin- the bill has included language linking during the cold war, I think it is a seri- istration asked for $632 million, we the provision of aid to the termination ous mistake for the administration to have provided $700 million to support of Russia’s nuclear cooperation with now bow to Russian demands that the American business as they venture into Iran—a provision always watered down Baltic nations be excluded from NATO. tough emerging markets. by the administration. With elections In effect, the administration’s policy Title II provides funding for all bilat- around the corner, the administra- relegates the Baltic States to the Rus- eral programs, including development tion’s argument last year was simple: sian sphere of influence, a perverse re- assistance activities, programs in the If we cut off aid, they said, we under- versal of political fortune and a mis- new independent states and Central mine the election chances of the only take of historic proportions. and Eastern Europe, disaster aid, the people who are committed to ending These nations are ready, willing, and Peace Corps, international narcotics this lethal program. able to make a meaningful military control, and a consolidated fund which Well, we all know the reformers won and political contribution to NATO’s covers nonproliferation, demining, the election last year, and, unfortu- mission. The funding we have provided antiterrorism, IAEA activities, and re- nately, the nuclear program is still will strengthen and deepen the Baltic lated programs. around. Only now it is expanded, and ties to NATO by facilitating the com- Within this title, there are a number the Russians are not only collaborating pletion of a civilian military regional of provisions which reflect the commit- with Iran on a nuclear powerplant. airspace control system, an important tee’s new emphasis of building on suc- They are working together on a missile step toward membership. This funding cess and objectively recognizing and technology program. This year a waiv- reflects a strong view that Latvia, reversing failures. er allowing aid to continue—no matter Lithuania, and Estonia deserve to be Nowhere is this more evident than in what the Russians do with Iran—is integrated into a stable European secu- the Middle East. I will not spend a simply out of the question. rity structure and have earned our po- great deal of time at this point on the Consistent with our effort to take aid litical commitment and continued sup- issue of Egypt’s record over the last 2 off autopilot, the bill also includes lan- port for NATO admission. years. Let me simply say that funding guage addressing the crisis in Cam- Finally, let me turn to title IV in the for both Egypt and Israel has always bodia. In our opening hearing this year, bill, which provides funding for the international financial institutions. been provided in the context of the the administrator of AID referred to Although we have reduced the adminis- Camp David accords and a national Cambodia as a democratic success tration’s request, we have been able to commitment to serving the interests of story, a view echoed by the Secretary meet virtually all current-year obliga- peace. of State in our closing hearing. Persist- tions as well as make substantial Leading a renewal of the Arab eco- ent allegations of close collaboration progress on past obligations incurred nomic boycott of Israel, rejecting between Cambodia’s leadership and by this administration. President Clinton’s plea to participate major regional drug traffickers were I want all of my colleagues to know in the peace summit, and actively op- dismissed in that hearing, as were that we have once again withheld funds posing the Hebron agreement between alarming accounts of the two prime for IDA until the Secretary of the Israel and the Palestinians are a few ministers arming themselves for a re- Treasury certificates that the interim reasons why Egypt no longer seems to sumption of civil war. trust fund has removed all procure- share our commitment to regional sta- As we all know, a few short weeks ment restrictions imposed which ex- bility and peace. To send a signal that ago the committee report called atten- clude American contractors. improvements are expected if aid is to tion to this rapidly deteriorating situa- I want the members of both the trust continue to flow, the committee did tion and conditioned assistance of all fund and IDA to be on notice that these not earmark funds for Egypt. further aid on progress in four key restrictions must be gone before this In contrast, King Hussein has taken areas. The Secretary had to certify the legislation is enacted or I cannot sup- enormous risks to advance peace, and government had taken steps to: First, port full funding for IDA in conference. the committee reflected its support for end political violence and intimidation The last section of the bill is devoted this effort by substantially increasing of opposition candidates; second, estab- to general provisions. One in particular economic and security assistance to lish an independent election commis- is worth noting because it is in keeping Jordan. Egypt and Jordan define the sion; third, protect voters and election with the principles we have developed basic tenet of this bill: Aid is not an participants by establishing laws and to end aid as an entitlement program. entitlement program. It must be regulations guaranteeing freedom of When the Dayton agreement was earned, and it must be deserved. speech and assembly; and, fourth, signed, each party pledged to support The NIS offers other examples of this eliminate corruption and collaboration the International Tribunal’s efforts to approach. For several years the Senate with narcotics dealers. arrest and prosecute war criminals. has earmarked funds for Ukraine. Now Mr. President, however elusive that Today, 66 indicted fugitives remain at I believe it is time to assess results. Al- goal now seems, each of these steps re- large—with potentially many more though Ukraine has made remarkable mains important to the future of de- under sealed indictment. progress in passing a constitution and mocracy in Cambodia. With the coup These are not bandits in hiding living introducing a new currency, I think it engineered by Hun Sen last week, I in- in fear of capture. These outlaws con- is time to register our concerns that tend to further modify these conditions tinue to work and wander the streets corruption and the slow pace of re- as we proceed forward with this bill and, in some cases, such those of forms may defeat the relevance and today. Radovan Karadic and Ratko Mladic, impact of our assistance. Turning to title III, the committee they continue to exercise real power. As in the past, we have earmarked has provided over $3.3 billion in secu- Section 573 ends assistance to re- $225 million, making clear we still be- rity assistance, loans and grants and gional authorities refusing to cooper- lieve in Ukraine’s strategic importance support for international peacekeep- ate in the international effort to bring S7518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 these fugitives to justice. Peace in AMENDMENT NO. 885 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Bosnia cannot be sustained if the Tri- (Purpose: To provide assistance to Egypt) ator from Oregon. bunal fails to complete its task. Stabil- On page 17, line 14, strike the number Mr. SMITH of Oregon. I send an ity and economic growth depend on the ‘‘$2,585,100,000’’ and insert in lieu thereof, amendment to the desk and ask for its repatriation of refugees consistent ‘‘$2,541,150,000’’. immediate consideration. with the Dayton agreement—and those On page 17, line 20, after the word ‘‘later:’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The refugees will not return to commu- insert: ‘‘: Provided further, That not less than clerk will report. nities which continue to be terrorized $815,000,000 shall be available only for Egypt, The assistant legislative clerk read which sum shall be provided on a grant basis, as follows: and intimidated by war criminals. and of which sum cash transfer assistance The Senator from Oregon [Mr. SMITH], for Section 573 bans aid to countries may be provided, with the understanding himself, Mr. NICKLES, Mr. THOMAS, Mr. which have not cooperated in the ar- that Egypt will undertake significant eco- HUTCHINSON, and Mr. GORTON, proposes an rest of war criminals. Waiver authority nomic reforms which are additional to those amendment numbered 888. is granted to the President for a period which were undertaken in previous fiscal Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, of 6 months, if he certifies that a coun- years:’’. I ask unanimous consent that reading try has turned over a majority of war On page 33, line 26, strike the number ‘‘$3,265,000,000’’ and insert in lieu thereof of the amendment be dispensed with. criminals. However, at the end of the 6 ‘‘$3,308,950,000’’. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without months, aid can only continue if the On page 34, line 3, after the word ‘‘Israel’’ objection, it is so ordered. President certifies that all war crimi- insert: ‘‘, and not less than $1,300,000,000 shall The amendment is as follows: nals have been arrested. be made available for grants only for At the appropriate place in the bill, insert The provision exempts democracy Egypt.’’. the following new section, and renumber the building, demining and humanitarian remaining sections accordingly: programs in an effort to afford the ad- AMENDMENT NO. 886 SEC. . TO PROHIBIT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TO ministration some carrots as it at- (Purpose: To restrict aid to Cambodia) THE GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA On page 11, line 14, strike all after the word SHOULD IT ENACT LAWS WHICH tempts to encourage compliance. WOULD DISCRIMINATE AGAINST MI- But, this should not be seen as a door ‘‘Of’’ through page 12, line 13, ending with NORITY RELIGIOUS FAITHS IN THE which will be opened wider creating the number ‘‘1997.’’ and insert in lieu thereof RUSSIAN FEDERATION. more exemptions and weaker stand- the following: ‘‘None of the funds appro- None of the funds appropriated under this priated by this Act may be made available Act may be made available for the Govern- ards. Let us be clear on a single point: for activities or programs in Cambodia until after more than $400 million in U.S. ment of Russian Federation unless the Presi- the Secretary of State determines and re- dent determines and certifies in writing to aid, we need to implement and enforce ports to the Committees on Appropriations the Committee on Appropriations and the the moral reckoning which only the that the Government of Cambodia has: (1) Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen- Tribunal can offer. Only justice can not been established in office by the use of ate that the Government of the Russian Fed- bridge the deep divides which continue force or a coup d’etat; (2) discontinued all po- eration has enacted no statute or promul- to fracture the former Yugoslavia. litical violence and intimidation of journal- gated no executive order that would dis- Let me conclude by once again em- ists and members of opposition parties; (3) criminate, or would have as its principal ef- established an independent election commis- fect discrimination, against religious mi- phasizing that the increase in the 150 sion; (4) protected the rights of voters, can- account represents both an oppor- norities in the Russian Federation in viola- didates, and election observers and partici- tion of accepted international agreements on tunity and an obligation to more effec- pants by establishing laws and procedures human rights and religious freedoms to tively serve American international in- guaranteeing freedom of speech and assem- which the Russian Federation is a signatory, terests. We can only accomplish this bly; and (5) eliminated corruption and col- including the European Convention and the purpose if we end aid as an entitlement laboration with narcotics smugglers: Pro- 1989 Vienna Concluding Document of the program. I believe this bill sets us on vided, That the previous proviso shall not Conference on Security and Cooperation in the right course and I encourage my apply to humanitarian programs or other ac- Europe. tivities administered by nongovernmental Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, colleagues to support it. organizations: Provided further, That 30 days AMENDMENTS NOS. 885, 886, AND 887 after enactment of this Act, the Secretary of a few weeks ago, on the Fourth of July, Mr. MCCONNELL. As an indication of State, in consultation with the Director of as Americans were celebrating their how quickly we should be able to move the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall re- cherished freedoms upon which this this bill, I see that my friend and col- port to the Committees on Appropriations on country was founded, the Russian Fed- league from Oregon is here ready to the results of the FBI investigation into the eration passed a bill which, if signed bombing attack in Phnom Penh on March 30, into law, would restrict freedom of reli- offer an amendment, and before I yield 1997.’’. the floor for that purpose, I will offer gion in that country in a lamentable an amendment to earmark aid to way. AMENDMENT NO. 887 This bill is ironically titled, ‘‘On Egypt for myself and Senator LEAHY, (Purpose: To restrict aid to Cambodia) Freedom of Conscience and on Reli- Senator STEVENS, and Senator BYRD. On page 96, line 20, strike all after the word I am also going to send to the desk gious Associations.’’ It first passed the ‘‘Cambodia’’ through page 97, line 2, ending lower house of the Russian Duma in two amendments on Cambodia. with the word ‘‘smugglers.’’ and insert in So, Mr. President, I am sending to late June. lieu thereof the following: ‘‘has: (1) not been The bill would, among other things, the desk three amendments at this established in office by the use of force or a limit the activities of foreign mission- time. coup d’etat; (2) discontinued all political vio- aries and grant unregistered religious The PRESIDING OFFICER. The lence and intimidation of journalists and groups significantly fewer rights than clerk will report. members of opposition parties; (3) estab- accredited Russian religious organiza- The legislative clerk read as follows: lished an independent election commission; (4) protected the rights of voters, candidates, tions such as the Russian Orthodox The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- and election observers and participants by Church, Islam, Judaism, and Bud- NELL], for himself, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. STEVENS, establishing laws and procedures guarantee- dhism. and Mr. BYRD, proposes an amendment num- ing freedom of speech and assembly; and (5) bered 885. Mr. President, this bill awaiting sig- eliminated corruption and collaboration nature now on President Yeltsin’s desk The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- with narcotics smugglers.’’. NELL], for himself and Mr. LEAHY, proposes would severely limit the very existence an amendment numbered 886. Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask that all of what Russia terms ‘‘new faiths.’’ The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- three of those amendments be tempo- These ‘‘new faiths’’ include many NELL], for himself and Mr. LEAHY, proposes rarily set aside. Protestant faiths—Evangelicals, fun- an amendment numbered 887. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without damentalists, Pentecostals, SDA’s, Je- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I objection, it is so ordered. hovah’s Witnesses, Mormons, and even ask unanimous consent that reading of Mr. MCCONNELL. Now, Mr. Presi- the Catholic Church. These faiths will the amendments be dispensed with. dent, I yield the floor. be persecuted as religious minorities The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without AMENDMENT NO. 888 under this proposed law. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. SMITH of Oregon addressed the Congress has already taken a number The amendments are as follows: Chair. of steps to send signals to President July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7519 Yeltsin about this bill. Many Members Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, In lieu of the language proposed to be in- of both Houses have signed letters to I call for the yeas and nays. serted, insert the following: President Yeltsin and to President The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a SEC. . TO PROHIBIT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA Clinton. From the Vatican to former sufficient second? SHOULD IT ENACT LAWS WHICH President Jimmy Carter, the reaction At the moment there is not. WOULD DISCRIMINATE AGAINST MI- to this law has been strong and unwav- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, let NORITY RELIGIOUS FAITHS IN THE ering. me say that we will get a sufficient RUSSIAN FEDERATION. I rise today to send an even stronger second for a vote on this amendment. I None of the funds appropriated under this Act may be made available for the Govern- signal. My amendment would withhold am told by the Democratic Cloakroom funds appropriated in the foreign oper- ment of Russian Federation unless the Presi- that it would be permissible to have a dent determines and certifies in writing to ations bill to Russia unless the Presi- couple of votes around 12:30, and it is the Committee on Appropriations and the dent of the United States determines my plan to have a vote on the Smith Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen- and verifies in writing to the Congress amendment at about 12:30. ate that the Government of the Russian Fed- that the Government of Russia has en- I also understand under the previous eration has enacted no statute or promul- acted no statute that would discrimi- agreement we are to vote on final pas- gated no executive order that would dis- nate against religious minorities in the sage on energy and water in juxtaposi- criminate, or would have as its principal ef- Russian Federation. tion to that vote. fect discrimination, against religious mi- norities in the Russian Federation in viola- Mr. President, I realize, as do all Sen- Mr. President, is that correct? ators, that Russia is a sovereign coun- tion of accepted international agreements on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The vote human rights and religious freedoms to try. We cannot tell Russia what to do on final passage will follow the first as a country. We can, however, elect which the Russian Federation is a signatory, vote on this bill. That is correct. including the European Convention and the not to send foreign aid to a country Mr. MCCONNELL. So, Mr. President, 1989 Vienna Concluding Document of the that would discriminate against reli- why don’t I ask unanimous consent Conference on Security and Cooperation in gious beliefs in so fundamental a way. that we have a vote on the Smith Europe. This will be the clearest and strong- amendment at 12:30. This section shall become effective one day est message that can be sent to Presi- after the enactment of this bill. Mr. President, I withhold. dent Yeltsin. Should he decide to enact Mr. President, we may have the abil- Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, into law this discrimination, we then ity to get the yeas and nays now. I ask I ask for the yeas and nays. will send no American funds, none of for the yeas and nays on the Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a our taxpayers’ hard-earned moneys, to amendment. sufficient second? that country in the fiscal year of 1998. There is a sufficient second. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a In the modern world, for most reli- The yeas and nays were ordered. gions, the kind of deprivation of status sufficient second? Mr. SMITH of Oregon. I suggest the There appears to be. that the Russian bill would enact, absence of a quorum. should it become law, is a major en- The yeas and nays were ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, let croachment upon religious freedom. clerk will call the roll. Many international agreements have me say again we are not going to set The assistant legislative clerk pro- already been signed that require sig- the time for the Smith amendment ceeded to call the roll. natories to guarantee religious free- now until we have had further con- Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, I dom. For example, sections of the Vi- sultation with the Democratic Cloak- ask unanimous consent that the order enna Concluding Document of the Con- room, but in all likelihood there would for the quorum call be rescinded. ference on Security and Cooperation in be two votes at 12:30, one on the Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Europe commits participating States amendment and the other on final pas- SMITH of Oregon). Without objection, it in the Helsinki process to grant reli- sage of energy and water. is so ordered. gious freedom as part of their Constitu- AMENDMENT NO. 889 TO AMENDMENT NO. 888 The Senator from Arkansas. tion. Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, I Mr. President, the Russian Federa- I send a substitute amendment to the would like to voice my support for the tion is a signatory to that Vienna doc- desk and ask for its immediate consid- Smith amendment prohibiting foreign ument. Furthermore, the bill on Presi- eration. assistance to the Government of Rus- dent Yeltsin’s desk would not only vio- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sia, should it enact laws that would late this and other international agree- clerk will report. discriminate against religious minori- ments; it would also violate Russia’s Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I ties and religious faiths in the Russian own Constitution which guarantees re- suggest the absence of a quorum. federation. As you eloquently pointed ligious freedoms we as Americans have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The out, on July 4, and ironically on July 4, come to hold as so dear and so fun- clerk will call the roll. as we celebrated our precious freedoms damental. I know some might argue, The assistant legislative clerk pro- in the United States the Russian Fed- Mr. President, that we should not take ceeded to call the roll. eral Assembly gave final approval to a these kinds of actions; that we are try- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I bill which would seriously undermine ing to help Russia build democracy, ask unanimous consent that the order religious freedom in Russia. and we are and want to do those things, for the quorum call be rescinded. I was in Poland just 1 week ago, rep- but I would say to them that religious The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without resenting the Senate at an inter- freedom is the cornerstone of democ- objection, it is so ordered. national conference, the Sixth Annual racy. Indeed, a democratic foundation Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the Session of the Parliamentary Assembly without that cornerstone of religious pending business now is the second-de- of the Organization for Security and freedom is a democracy that is built gree amendment of the Senator from Cooperation in Europe. At this con- upon sand. Oregon? ference, I had the opportunity to chair I hope that all Senators will join me The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in sending a strong signal to President a bilateral meeting with the Speaker of clerk will report the amendment. Yeltsin that American dollars will not the Russian Duma and we discussed The assistant legislative clerk read find their way to support any country this bill at length. as follows: that treats religious freedom in such a In that bilateral meeting were a manner. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. SMITH], for number of deputies from the Russian Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and himself and Mr. NICKLES, proposes an amend- Duma. I found that their concept of nays. ment numbered 889 to amendment No. 888. rights and freedoms were strikingly in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, contrast to our concept of freedoms, as sufficient second? I ask unanimous consent that reading embodied in our Constitution and in At the moment there is not. of the amendment be dispensed with. our American tradition. Repeatedly, as Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we discussed the proposed law that the just walked back in the Chamber. I am objection, it is so ordered. Russian Duma at that point had al- not quite sure—— The amendment is as follows: ready voted on—the upper body had S7520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 not yet at that point voted on it—it When similar legislation threatened space for services, own property, con- was clear that they viewed religious religious freedom in Russia only 4 duct financial activity, invite foreign- freedom, and in fact all rights, as being years ago, Members of the House, Mem- ers to Russia, or set up church schools. that which could be granted by the bers of this body, the Senate, joined to- To register as a ‘‘religious organiza- Government as opposed to our concept, gether in an urgent appeal to Boris tion,’’ a religious group would have to embodied in our Constitution and our Yeltsin to veto that legislation. Coura- (a) be sponsored by a Russian religious founding documents, that those rights geously, President Yeltsin stood firm. organization, (b) undergo a 15-year reg- and those freedoms are unalienable and He refused to sign that bill into law. istration period, and (c) have ‘‘authen- endowed by our Creator—given by God. Now we have an opportunity, thanks ticity’’ determined by a commission of Therefore, as viewing rights as being to the amendment of Senator SMITH of state experts, who would review a something given by the Government, Oregon, to send a strong message to faith’s doctrine for admissibility. This they saw no problem in removing the Russia that we will take concerted ac- state bureaucracy could deny registra- unlimited, unfettered right to freedom tion to preserve this essential human tion to faiths on a wide range of prac- of religion. right. This is potentially the greatest tices, such as advocating nonmedical I was alarmed at the attitude and the retreat on religious freedom and forms of healing, monasticism, con- intransigence that we found, not only human rights since the fall of the So- scientious objection, and proselytizing from the Speaker of the Duma but the viet Union, and it is an ominous sign to minors. Mr. President, the Duma bill on re- deputies who were present, and their about the future of that Republic. We stricting religious rights is contrary to concept. They said, and I paraphrase must forcefully signal our grave con- international conventions signed by but very close to what was said in this cern by passing the Smith amendment. bilateral meeting, that we must pro- Russia, including the Helsinki Treaty I hope my colleagues in the U.S. Sen- tect naive Russians from cults—cults of 1989, which states: ate will join with Senator SMITH of Or- being a broad definition to include all [Participating states] will take effective egon in sending that signal to the Gov- of the so-called new faiths. Of course, measures to prevent and eliminate discrimi- ernment of Russia, and add encourage- Russia today is experiencing a tremen- nation against individuals of communities dous renewal of religious faith. In, I ment and solidarity with the people of on grounds of religion or belief in the rec- the Russian Republic. ognitions, exercise and enjoyment of human think, a misguided effort to protect the rights and fundamental freedoms in all fields Orthodox Russian Church, this law has I yield the floor. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I wish to of civil, political, economic, social and cul- been proposed. I said very frankly and rise and join my colleagues in support- tural life; and very bluntly—and may I say Congress- [participating states] will grant upon their ing the Smith amendment to the fiscal man CLEMENT from Tennessee, Con- request to communities of believers, practic- year 1998 foreign operations bill that gressman DINGELL from Michigan, and ing or prepared to practice their faith within a number of other Members of the U.S. would cut assistance to the Govern- the constitutional framework of the States, Congress were present during this bi- ment of the Russian Federation if it recognition of the status provided for them in their respective countries. lateral meeting and echoed my senti- enacts the onerous bill passed by the ments—that this law proposed, passed Duma last month entitled ‘‘On Free- But if the Russian Government wish- by the Duma, now pending before dom of Conscience and Religious Asso- es to ignore its treaty obligations— President Yeltsin, is antithetical to ciation.’’ which, from our record of arms control and irreconcilable with a true concept Mr. President, this bill passed by the agreements, we must recognize is not a of liberty and religious freedom. Duma is about restricting freedom of unique development—it is still shock- Among the provisions in this bill conscience and prohibiting the freedom ing that the Duma egregiously ignores that are most alarming is the require- of conscience. It is a major step back- the Russian Constitution, which states: ment that religious groups list all of ward for democracy and human rights The state guarantees the equality of rights their numbers, their names, their ad- in Russia. It takes Russia away from and freedoms regardless of sex, race, nation- ality, language, origin, property and official dresses, a requirement that a commis- the West and the institutions that pro- tect an individual’s freedom of reli- position, place of residence, attitude to reli- sion be established—a commission of gion, convictions, membership in public as- state experts—to review the doctrines gion. sociations, as well as other circumstances. and practices of groups applying for The bill passed by the Duma—pro- Banned are all forms of limitations of human registration. It is unimaginable in this moted by an unholy alliance of Com- rights on social, racial, national, language or country, in which we have so enshrined munists and Populists whose respon- religious grounds. (Art. 19) the concept of religious freedom. There sibility to the country appears to focus It is indeed of great concern to me, is a requirement under this bill that a on restricting its citizens’ ability to Mr. President, that the Duma sees fit religious group be in existence for 50 practice any faith they choose. to legislate restrictions on individual years in order to receive ‘‘all Russian’’ The measures in the bill are deeply rights at a time when Russian society status, creating a division between re- objectionable. A few points are worth is greatly suffering. Michael Specter of ligious associations and groups which mentioning: the New York Times recently wrote could create a multitier religious hier- Religious groups must register with about the alarming downward spiral in archy of different denominations. And the government by 1998. In a blatant the health of the Russian population. then in this bill is a requirement that act of discrimination, the bill assigns In that article, Specter notes that per would deny for a 15-year period legal different religions to different cat- capita alcohol consumption is the high- status to new religious groups, which egories that will afford them different est in the world; that Russia has a could include those groups that refused sets of rights. wider gap in life expectancy between to register under the Communist re- For a religion to be deemed a reli- men and women than in any other gime. Without legal status, these reli- gious organization, it will have to dem- country; that of the nations of Asia, gious groups could not rent public onstrate that they have officially ex- America, and Europe, Russia’s mortal- space for services, they would find it isted in Russia for at least 15 years. ity rate is ahead of only Afghanistan difficult to conduct any financial ac- This means that the religion would and Cambodia; and that the death rate tivity, invite foreigners to Russia, or have had to register under Communist among working Russians today is high- set up a church school for children. dictator Leonid Brezhnev, at a time er than a century ago. And the indica- There is no justifiable reason to di- when the Soviet Union was officially tors are getting worse: the mortality vide religious organizations into two atheistic and officially repressive to rate for Russian men between 40 and 49 categories, one with full rights and the pursuit of faith. years of age increased by over 50 per- privileges and the others with limited Religious groups not deemed in the cent between 1990 and 1995. The re- rights, limited privileges. This new official, first category of ‘‘religious or- porter concluded: ‘‘An astonishing drop Russian law discriminates against reli- ganizations’’ would have greatly re- in life expectancy for Russian men over gious faiths by establishing a hierarchy stricted rights. They would have no the past decade, combined with one of of religious groups under the law and legal status. Members would have to be the lowest birthrates on earth, has denying legal status to communities of individually and officially registered. turned Russia into a demographic believers. They groups could not rent public freak show.’’ July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7521 Mr. President, we can expect yelping exercise in demagogic politics, the re- this one which we are considering from the supporters of this bill in the alists, who fear a future authoritarian today, we can actually trigger the en- Duma. Delighted to frustrate President Russia and seek to prepare for it, will actment of outrageous laws in other Yeltsin’s every move, they will claim have their views confirmed. nations which could seriously damage that international opprobrium against Mr. President, I have long supported the existing freedoms that citizens in this bill is infringing on Russia’s sov- Boris Yeltsin. In fact, when he first other nations have. ereignty. This is not a question of Rus- came to the United States in the late We should realize that many other sia’s sovereignty, Mr. President. The 1980’s, I was among the few who said, to nations—including Israel, Egypt, Tur- calls and letters President Yeltsin has the Republican administration at the key, and other recipients of United received from political and religious time: ‘‘You’re focusing on the wrong States aid—would lose that aid if held leaders around the world declare our guy, Gorbachev. This is the man to to the same standard that we are pro- concerns about the freedom of individ- watch, and this is the man to back.’’ posing for Russia. Perhaps this is ual conscience in Russia, concerns Since then, I have strongly approved something that we should discuss here. their elected body should share, not pa- every time President Yeltsin stood But my sense is that we don’t want a tronize. bravely for democracy in Russia. When single measuring stick—and that U.S. assistance is not an entitlement. he stood on that tank in defense of today, we are focusing on Russia in a It is a demonstration of our support for Russia’s nascent democracy, my pray- rather knee-jerk fashion. Russia needs the emergence of democracy in a land ers were with him. to hear our concerns about religious cursed by communism for most of this I expect that President Yeltsin will freedoms, and I feel that we should pur- decade. If Russia turns back to the veto this bill. That will make this leg- sue this matter and communicate Unit- night of authoritarianism, we should islation that we will pass today merely ed States objections to this Russian not squander our resources, Mr. Presi- a demonstration that this body will law in the many different arenas avail- dent. stand for religious freedom in Russia. I able to us in our engagement with Rus- In the past 2 weeks, we have seen the will stand and applaud him when he ve- sia. However, this vehicle—as it is con- announcement of the historic enlarge- toes this bill. structed—is not appropriate and could ment of NATO. The Russian Govern- But if this bill becomes law in Rus- send matters in a negative rather than ment opposed this, somewhat disingen- sia, Mr. President. Our support for de- positive direction. uously, I believe, because its concerns mocracy in Russia has been dealt per- I think that the most important item left out of the drafting of this amend- where not reflecting the concerns of haps a fatal blow. We should not waste ment is a national security waiver, the Russian people, who are much more our funds promoting democratic devel- which would permit the President to concerned with poverty, disease, and opment on a government that turns waive the provisions of this bill in rampant crime and their Duma’s inces- away from democracy. And if President cases where American national secu- sant political posturing, than they are Yeltsin signs the the bill against reli- rity were at stake. If this provision had of an alliance that has no historic gious rights, Mr. President, I will pray been included, I may have viewed this record of aggression. for Russia. amendment more positively. Among those in the West, there were Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise Again, I believe firmly in the innate today to explain why I cannot support several groups of thinkers who sup- human right to worship as each indi- Senator SMITH’s amendment to the for- ported this move. Perhaps they could vidual sees fit. However, in my opinion, eign operations appropriations bill, S. be referred to as idealists and realists. not only is this particular foreign aid 955, which we are debating here today. The idealists hold a sense of optimism provision an inappropriate vehicle to I believe that Senator SMITH and oth- that believes that the enlargement of send that message abroad but it also ers in this Chamber who vote in favor NATO is an expansion of democratic ties the hands of the President in the of this amendment have good inten- societies, which, history has shown, execution of foreign policy and fails to tions, but this amendment is not struc- have a lesser tendency to go to war allow for waivers which may very well tured in a manner that I can support. with each other. Certainly the history be in the national security interests of This amendment would prohibit the of NATO is clearly that of a defensive the United States. collective organization committed United States from issuing foreign aid The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who solely to its own defense. to the Government of Russia should it seeks recognition? The Senator from The realists focused on an unpredict- enact laws which would discriminate Kentucky. able future and a geopolitical vacuum. against minority religious faiths in the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I This temporal and spatial approach, Russian federation. On the surface, this commend the distinguished occupant traditional geopolitics, warns that we is a very well intentioned effort. of the Chair, the Senator from Oregon, do not know the ultimate evolution of I understand and completely support for an excellent amendment. I was in the Russian state. It argues that there the fundamental importance and right the Senate when we started the Rus- is little historical experience of democ- of religious freedom, a constitutionally sian aid program. I would say to Sen- racy in Russia. protected right in our Nation, as I also ator SMITH and Senator HUTCHINSON, The idealists focus on the internal appreciate the importance of other who spoke so eloquently in behalf of aspects of NATO and the expansion of freedoms that we hold dear in the Unit- this amendment, the whole Russian aid democracies. To idealists, the solution ed States such as the freedom of speech program was predicated on the notion to Russia’s concerns about NATO and freedom to assemble. that we were going to have a Russia would occur when Russia is seen to However, Russia and many other na- based on the principles of democracy, have fully demonstrated its evolution tions have not organized their nations free speech and freedom of religion— to rule by democratic institutions. Be- to provide the same degree of freedoms the fundamental underpinnings of our cause would NATO need to defend that our Nation provides. This is not Western society, led by the United against such a Russia? an excuse for other countries; it is just States many years ago when we were I would like to think of myself as an simple fact. To tie our Nation’s foreign largely alone in establishing these idealist, Mr. President. And I support aid decisions too closely to legislative principles; that the new Russia, at the enlargement of NATO because I outcomes in other countries—even ab- least in those very basic respects, was welcome Hungary, the Czech Republic, solutely egregious ones like the Rus- going to be not dissimilar to the Unit- and Poland to the family of democratic sian law which recently passed the ed States on these fundamental free- nations. Their membership in NATO Duma restricting recognized faiths to doms. And, as an enthusiastic sup- will work to preserve their democratic those recognized by the former Soviet porter of Russian assistance, both in accomplishments. Union before 1984, including Orthodox the beginning and since, I can tell you But the developments in Russia—in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Ju- that is not assistance without stipula- particular this bill against religious daism—can have serious unintended tion. It is not assistance no matter how freedom by the Duma—cloud my opti- consequences and disrupt national se- you act. mism. If Russia turns away from de- curity objectives of our Nation. As I said in my opening statement, mocracy in favor of an ill-considered Through legislative actions such as this foreign aid bill this year, if it S7522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 stands for anything, it stands for the The amendment is as follows: Having traveled to Estonia twice in notion that foreign assistance is not an At the appropriate place, insert the follow- the past 5 years, I have a very personal entitlement. It is not something you ing: interest in its entry into NATO. The get automatically this year because SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING ES- people of Estonia, much like their Bal- you got it last year. Foreign assistance TONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA. tic neighbors, have been under foreign It is the sense of the Senate that Estonia, is designed to promote American inter- Latvia, and Lithuania— rule throughout history. They were ests abroad. Foreign assistance is the (1) are to be commended for their progress ruled by Germans in the 13th century, only way that the Government directly toward political and economic reform and Swedes in the 16th and 17th centuries, impacts overseas, other than sending meeting the guidelines for prospective NATO Tsarist Russia in the 19th century, and in the troops, which is expensive and members; the Soviet Union after World War II. dangerous. But, with the less than 1 (2) would make an outstanding contribu- tion to furthering the goals of NATO and en- With the end of Soviet domination, Es- percent of our budget that we devote to hancing stability, freedom, and peace in Eu- tonians and their neighbors in Latvia this activity, we must use it in a way rope should they become NATO members; and Lithuania are looking to the West that promotes American values as well and for confirmation of their right to inde- as American interests. (3) upon complete satisfaction of all rel- pendence. So, the distinguished Senator from evant criteria should be invited to become Unfortunately, the subject of NATO Oregon and Senator HUTCHINSON, who full NATO members at the earliest possible date. has spoken in his behalf in support of expansion to Estonia, Latvia, and Lith- this amendment, have it exactly right. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, last uania has become highly controversial. You have it exactly right. This is the week the United States joined with our Many in the United States national se- sort of action that ought to jeopardize European allies to invite three nations curity community believe the Baltics, the Russian aid program. We ought not to join the North Atlantic Treaty Or- lying so close to Russia and within the ganization [NATO]. Hungary, Poland, to be giving assistance to a country area Yeltsin considers to be Russia’s and the Czech Republic are deserving of that, as a result of direct government sphere of influence, should not be con- this invitation. I congratulate them on initiative in what purports to be a de- sidered for NATO membership. Out of their achievements and look forward to mocracy, is seeking to grant religious fear of isolating Russia, the United a strong and lasting relationship with favoritism to certain kinds of religions States and our European allies may the people of these nations. forsake the three tiny nations that did at the expense of the others. Today I offer an amendment with my So, I commend the Senator from Or- so much to promote the collapse of the colleague, Senator DURBIN, and the dis- Soviet Union and the eradication of egon, Senator SMITH, for this outstand- tinguished chairman of the subcommit- ing amendment. I intend to support it. communism throughout Eastern Eu- tee, Senator MCCONNELL, to ensure rope. Now is the time for the United Again, I might say, we are hopeful that that NATO expansion does not stop States take decisive action to rectify a vote on this amendment will occur here. The Madrid summit was only the the past and protect the Baltics from around 12:30. That is not something I first step in our efforts to see to it that any future foreign irredentism. can announce yet, but we are hopeful it the nations of Eastern Europe and the will occur around 12:30. former Soviet Union are brought firm- Future NATO membership for Esto- I would say to my colleague from Or- ly into democracy’s camp. Further ex- nia, Latvia, and Lithuania is essential egon, does he wish additional time to pansion of NATO is essential if demo- to their safety and prosperity. Security discuss the amendment? cratic and economic reforms are to concerns will take precedence over Mr. President, I suggest the absence continue and if communism is to be continued democratic and economic re- of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The eliminated entirely from the European forms if the Baltics continue to exist, Continent. clerk will call the roll. unprotected, in the shadow of an in- My amendment expresses the sense of The assistant legislative clerk pro- creasingly nationalistic Russia. the Senate that Estonia, Latvia, and ceeded to call the roll. We must be vigilant, Mr. President, Lithuania should be invited to join Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I ask in our efforts to extend NATO’s reach NATO at the earliest possible date. unanimous consent that the order for to all democratic nations in Europe the quorum call be rescinded. These three tiny nations, perched be- tween the Baltic Sea and the north- who cannot protect themselves. If we The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ROB- leave these nations exposed to the risk ERTS). Without objection, it is so or- western border of Russia, have made remarkable strides since they gained of foreign invasion and influence, the dered. gains we made in expanding democracy Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, what is independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and freedom across the globe will be the status of the bill? vulnerable to erosion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. There have all made significant progress to- are several amendments pending to S. ward the NATO requirements of irre- The United States must continue to 955. versible democracy, free market econo- set an example for the world as a pro- AMENDMENT NO. 893 mies, and civilian-controlled mili- moter and protector of democratic (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate taries. They have even participated in freedom. As victors in the cold war, we regarding the eligibility for NATO mem- NATO’s Partnership for Peace initia- have never had a greater opportunity bership of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) tive by supplying troops to NATO than this to show democracy’s enemies Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I ask peacekeeping efforts. The Baltic na- that we have the courage and the will unanimous consent that the pending tions have requested and deserve con- to stand firm against them. We should amendment be set aside, and I send an sideration for full NATO membership. embrace this historic opportunity and amendment to the desk and ask for its From a history wrought with foreign bring every nation deserving of NATO consideration. interventions that tore them from membership into democracy’s fold, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without their rightful place in the European even those nations closest to the heart objection, it is so ordered. The clerk mainstream and subjected them to the of Russia. will report. heavy hand of communism, the Baltics The assistant legislative clerk read have emerged from the economic and The people of Estonia, Latvia, and as follows: political darkness to embrace democ- Lithuania have been out in the cold long enough. They should be com- The Senator from Washington [Mr. GOR- racy and the free market with unsur- TON], for himself, Mr. DURBIN, and Mr. passed vigor. If these nations are ever mended for the great strides they have MCCONNELL, proposes an amendment num- to continue on the road to democracy made already toward the requirements bered 893. and economic reform, they must feel for NATO membership and would make Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I ask secure from the possibility of future an outstanding contribution to stabil- unanimous consent that the reading of foreign domination. The United States ity, freedom, and peace in Europe as the amendment be dispensed with. and NATO have an important role to NATO members. It is time the West The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without play in providing that necessary secu- welcome them into NATO with open objection, it is so ordered. rity. arms. July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7523

I thank Senator MCCONNELL and Sen- by stating to them that when they are PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR ator DURBIN for cosponsoring this im- fully qualified, they will become mem- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I portant amendment, and I urge my col- bers of NATO. On behalf of my cospon- ask unanimous consent to permit Les- leagues to vote ‘‘yes’’ on inclusion of sors and myself, I urge the adoption of ley Carson, a fellow working with the the Baltics in NATO. the amendment. minority side of the Foreign Oper- Mr. President, to reiterate, this Mr. McCONNELL addressed the ations Subcommittee, to have floor amendment was proposed by myself Chair. privileges during the pendency of this and by the distinguished Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bill. Illinois, [Mr. DURBIN], as an add-on a ator from Kentucky is recognized. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without week or so ago to the defense author- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I objection, it is so ordered. ization bill and was accepted by the commend my friend and colleague from AMENDMENT NO. 885 Senate unanimously at that point. Washington, Senator GORTON, for this Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, one The Senator from Illinois and I, and amendment. As the Senator knows of the managers’ amendments we will I believe, with the happy assent of the from previous discussions, I share his be voting on—actually approving on a manager of the bill, Senator MCCON- view that if we were establishing the voice vote at some point during the de- NELL, are presenting it, once again, in parade, the next countries at the front bate—relates to our friends in Egypt. I the glorious aftermath of last week’s of the parade clearly ought to be the want to make a few observations about meeting of the North Atlantic Treaty Baltic countries. As a matter of fact, the current relationship between the Organization in Madrid. as my friend from Washington knows, United States and Egypt. At that meeting, the Czech Republic, we included in the bill $20 million in Since the Camp David accords were Poland, and Hungary were admitted to grants and loans to the three Baltic signed in 1979, United States foreign as- NATO. Several other nations who are countries, just as we provided financial sistance to Egypt has topped $42 bil- applicants to NATO were not admitted assistance last year to Poland, Hun- lion. While some progress has been but were put at least on the road to- gary and the Czech Republic in order to made in the last 16 years, I think it is ward meeting the qualifications for en- help them upgrade their militaries in important to point out the obvious, trance into the North Atlantic Treaty order to seek to achieve a level of ac- which is Egypt’s role has changed and Organization. Slovenia and Romania ceptance for admission to NATO. changed significantly. were put more or less at the front of So I think the amendment of the Let me review the record so there is that parade. But in Madrid, there were Senator from Washington, of which I a better sense of why the bill reported also represented the three small Baltic am a cosponsor, is an excellent addi- from the committee did not include the nations of Estonia, Latvia and Lithua- tion to this debate, and I completely longstanding earmark for Egypt. First and foremost, Senator LEAHY nia, small nations that have been inde- share his views. The countries are most and I tried this year to get our aid pro- pendent for only a relatively short pe- worthy for admission to NATO. We gram off autopilot. Our domestic agen- riod during their long history. have recognized their independence cies and programs have been put Unlike the other applicants for the throughout the cold war. They are through the budget ringer to determine North Atlantic Treaty Organization, doing an awful lot of things correctly. where we could reduce spending. For- these three nations were, in fact, occu- These countries are making enormous eign aid obviously should not be ex- pied by and incorporated into the So- progress, and some have argued that empted from this critical appraisal. As viet Union from 1940, with a pause for they have done every bit as well as we conducted this review, we estab- German occupation, until just a very Hungary, Poland and the Czech Repub- lished very simple tests for evaluating few years ago when they, once again, lic, if not even better. performance. Does the program serve obtained their independence. None of So I commend my friend from Wash- U.S. interests in stability, democracy, those countries has any goal greater ington for his amendment. I think it is and market economies? Are U.S. re- than being recognized as a part of the an excellent amendment. sources well invested and well spent? West, as being free countries, both po- Mr. GORTON. I thank the Senator The basic principle which has guided litically and economically. No set of from Kentucky for his kind remarks. the provision of support in the Middle nations has been more oppressed by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there East has been a shared commitment to their neighbors than these three na- further debate on the amendment? the Camp David accords and the pro- tions. None, I think, has a greater dedi- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, motion of peace. Unfortunately, cation to freedom, to liberty, to de- does the Senator from Washington Egypt’s record over the last 2 years in- mocracy, and to free markets. hope to get a recorded vote on this? dicates a shift away from that commit- This amendment simply states that Mr. GORTON. No, a voice vote will be we hope that these countries will be ment. sufficient. Let me begin by referring to a letter carefully considered for the North At- The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there sent by 25 Senators to President Muba- lantic Treaty Organization at such is no further discussion or debate on rak last July following an Arab sum- time as they have met all of its quali- the amendment, the question is on mit convened in Cairo. fications. The North Atlantic Treaty agreeing to the amendment proposed I ask unanimous consent that the Organization, of course, was formed by the Senator from Washington. letter and the communique issued at originally simply for the defense of the The amendment (No. 893) was agreed the summit be printed in the RECORD West, a task which was overwhelm- to. following my remarks. ingly successful. But as we note the re- Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I move The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sponse in the three countries about to to reconsider the vote by which the objection, it is so ordered. be admitted, we find that the goals are amendment was agreed to. (See exhibit 1.) psychic every bit as much as they re- Mr. MCCONNELL. I move to lay that Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, let late to any kind of military defense. It motion on the table. me just quote from the letter. The Sen- ratifies the choices that these three The motion to lay on the table was ators said in that letter: new applicants made to be democ- agreed to. We are concerned that the communique is- racies, to be a part of the West, to care Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I sued at the end of the summit compromises to attempt to catch up, to join what we suggest the absence of a quorum. prospects to advance negotiations with the consider to be the free and democratic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The new, democratically elected government of world. clerk will call the roll. Israel. We believe that limiting or condi- Exactly those same feelings are The legislative clerk proceeded to tioning options for peace discussions with found in the other applicant countries, call the roll. the newly elected government of Israel be- fore its policies have been officially formu- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I exactly those feelings are found in the lated damages prospects for peace. Threats Baltics. ask unanimous consent that the order from countries of the Arab League to ‘‘recon- This amendment is a modest way to for the quorum call be rescinded. sider steps taken in the context of the peace encourage those three small nations to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without process, in relation to Israel’’ do little to en- continue to move in the right direction objection, it is so ordered. hance successful negotiations. .. S7524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 The letter went on:. embargo in 1992 when Qadhafi failed to on track and willing to resume being a We are especially troubled that a leader of extradite two terrorists linked to the constructive partner in the Middle your stature created a forum, including Pan Am bombing which killed 270 peo- East peace process. Clearly, Mr. Presi- Libya and Sudan, which question Israel’s ple. The sanctions were extended when dent, that is the key to continued U.S. right to exist. Libya failed to cooperate in the inves- assistance to Egypt. Inviting Libya and Sudan to Cairo to tigation into the bombing of a French EXHIBIT 1 condemn Israel is not the kind of ini- airliner which killed 171 passengers. U.S. SENATE, tiative which serves peace or, for that Sanctions against Libya are not the Washington, DC, July 26, 1996. matter, should be rewarded with an- peculiar position of the United States; His Excellency, MOHAMMAD HOSNI MUBARAK, other $3 billion. they are a matter of international con- President of the Arab Republic of Egypt. The July Cairo summit was followed sensus—international consensus—that DEAR PRESIDENT MUBARAK: We are writing in late September 1996 by an escalation is, with the exception of Egypt. to express our deep dismay about the com- in tension between Israelis and Pal- In May, President Mubarak de- munique issued at the Cairo summit. It had been our hope that heads of state estinians over the so-called tunnel cri- nounced the embargo because, in his sis. When violence erupted in the and representatives of Arab countries at- words, it has ‘‘gone on for too long.’’ tending the June 21, 1996 Cairo summit streets, President Clinton called upon He also challenged international would refrain from statements directed Prime Minister Netanyahu, Chairman charges that Libya has a chemical against the new Israeli government that Arafat, King Hussein, and President weapons capability. Not so, says Muba- might create an atmosphere in the region Mubarak to come to Washington to ne- rak. unfavorable to a continuation of the peace gotiate a solution. Every leader came As recently as January, when I process. We are concerned that the communique is- except Mubarak. Every leader had as joined Senator STEVENS and a number sued at the end of the summit compromises much to gain and certainly a great deal of other Members on a trip to the Mid- to lose if the discussions failed. Every prospects to advance negotiations with the dle East, we heard the Defense Minister new, democratically elected government of leader knew there were costs associ- describe Libya as a country undergoing Israel. We believe that limiting or condi- ated with a high-profile summit which economic reforms and political liberal- tioning options for peace discussions with might not relieve tensions. ization and a key security ally. This the newly elected government of Israel be- Only President Mubarak decided it was the Egyptian Defense Minister dis- fore its policies have ever been officially for- was not worth his time or effort to con- cussing Libya. mulated damages the prospects for peace. tinue a crucial dialogue with the sim- This Egypt-Libya relationship is Threats from countries of the Arab League ple objective of salvaging the peace probably why families of Pan Am 103 to ‘‘reconsider steps taken in the context of the peace process, in relation to Israel’’ do process. After refusing to participate in victims have called my office to ex- this summit, President Mubarak de- little to enhance successful negotiations, and press their support for removing instead may undermine efforts to reach a cided to convene another Arab round- Egypt’s $3 billion earmark. comprehensive peace in the region. table. In March of this year, he called Mr. President, I have chronicled the We are especially troubled that a leader of together the Arab League in Cairo collapse of Egypt’s role in the peace your stature created a forum for Arab where the foreign ministers passed a process not to incite but to invite League countries, including Libya and the resolution which is worth taking a change. We have had a successful part- Sudan, which question Israel’s right to exist. look at. The text read: nership with Egypt which has certainly In light of the past leadership role the Egyp- tian government has played, we had hoped The Council recommends as follows: (1) endured difficulties and setbacks, but stopping all normalization steps which have that Egypt would reach out to the new, they have been on the whole temporary democratically elected government in a way been taken with Israel in the framework of and intermittent. the current peace process, and halting all that would advance the peace process. dealings with it, including closing offices For 18 months we have seen a signifi- Peace in the Middle East Peace can only be and missions. . .and (2) Suspending Arab cant shift in the wrong direction in expanded if the Arab countries remain en- participation in the multilateral talks and Egyptian policies. We have moved from gaged with Israel in the pursuit. We urge the continuing to maintain the primary Arab a road of periodic bumps into a long, government of Egypt and other members of boycott and reactivating it against Israel. deep policy ditch, which we must find the Arab League to work toward that goal. Sincerely, Mr. President, this is not a resolu- our way out of. Mitch McConnell, Barbara A. Mikulski, tion of peace. We should see this just Eliminating the earmark was in- James Inhofe, Carol Moseley-Braun, for what it was as described by the tended to send the signal that our sup- Frank R. Lautenberg, Alfonse M. Arab League’s Secretary General, port will not continue no matter what D’Amato, Daniel K. Inouye, Bob Smith, ‘‘binding’’ and an open declaration of choices Egypt makes. We will not sus- Don Nickles, Joseph I. Lieberman, Paul hostility. tain an ally, and advocate of Libya. It Wellstone, John D. Rockefeller, This summit was followed by a crisis makes no sense to offer assistance to Charles E. Grassley, Tom Harkin, in negotiations over the redeployment opponents of the peace process. Connie Mack, Dirk Kempthorne, Larry I am convinced the message has been Pressler, Phil Gramm, Orrin G. Hatch, of Israeli troops in Hebron. There is no Rod Grams, Christopher S. Bond, Arlen question that the Egyptian leadership heard. Coincidental with the Senate ac- Specter, Jon Kyl, Thad Cochran, Olym- consistently and actively worked tion, we have seen senior Egyptian offi- pia J. Snowe. against a resolution of each conten- cials resume constructive and active tious issue. From hot pursuit to the efforts to advance the peace process. I PARTIAL TEXT OF FINAL ARAB SUMMIT use of the Shuhada Road, the message am satisfied, as I am sure the Israeli STATEMENT from Cairo was provocative and coun- leadership is, that Cairo has resumed CAIRO, June 23.—Following is a partial text terproductive. the crucial role we know it has, and of the final statement issued by the Arab Finally, and of most alarm, is can play to stabilize the region and se- summit which ended in Cairo on Sunday. Egypt’s relationship with Libya. I men- cure a durable peace. In response to the kind invitation of his tioned the invitation to the Cairo sum- Because I believe good faith is being excellency President Mohamed Hosni Muba- restored, and the goals of the Camp rak, President of the Arab Republic of mit. That is just the tip of the iceberg. Egypt, their majesties, excellencies, high- President Mubarak ended a recent visit David agreement are once again being nesses, presidents and emirs of Arab states to Tripoli announcing the goal of es- served, I will be supporting an amend- convened a summit conference in Cairo in tablishing $1 billion in annual trade ment, which in fact I have already of- the period Safar 5 to 7, 1417, which coincided and a free trade zone, a goal made all fered, which will earmark the re- with June 21 to 23, 1996. the more interesting when contrasted quested level of funds for Egypt. With pan-Arab responsibility as their with the current level of $82 million in But let me just repeat, Mr. President, starting point, the Arab leaders affirmed annual trade with Israel. $1 billion in our assistance to the countries abroad that achieving comprehensive and just peace is not an entitlement. This is not in the Middle East requires that Israel with- trade with Libya, $82 million in trade drew from all occupied Palestinian land, in- with Israel. something you get every year based cluding Arab Jerusalem, and enable the Pal- Let us remember that Libya is the upon having gotten it last year. Amer- estinian people to exercise their right to target of tough U.N. sanctions which ican assistance is geared to behavior. It self-determination and set up an independent imposed an air, arms, and diplomatic is my hope that the Egyptians are back Palestinian state with Arab Jerusalem as its July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7525

capital, considering that the Palestinian ing any acts of sabotage which target the MCCONNELL’s position. We were to- question is the essence of the Arab-Israeli state of Bahrain, in the interests of security gether in Cairo at the meetings that he conflict. The Arab leaders also demanded and stability in the region. mentioned. But after consulting with complete Israeli withdrawal from the Syrian * * * * * the subcommittee chairman, Mr. Golan to the line of June 4, 1967, and com- The Arab leaders expressed their hope that plete and unconditional Israeli withdrawal MCCONNELL, we decided the best way to the traditional Arab-Turkish relations and proceed was to come to the floor and from south Lebanon and the western Bekaa joint interests will continue, and in this con- to the internationally recognized borders, in have a discussion. text they expressed their concern at the Turk- I want to now call up the amendment implementation of Security Council resolu- ish-Israeli military agreement and call on Tur- tions 242, 338 and 425, and the principle of key to reconsider this agreement to avoid any- No. 885 that is before the Senate, at the land for peace. On this basis they call for the thing that would affect the security of Arab desk, as I understand it. I ask unani- resumption of negotiations on all the tracks. states. mous consent it be in order to consider ‘‘The commitment of the Arab states to that at this time. pursue the peace process to achieve just and * * * * * The Arab leaders reaffirm their commit- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- comprehensive peace is a goal and strategic ator has the right to call up amend- choice to the achieved under the umbrella of ment to the need to preserve the unity of international legitimacy and it requires a re- Iraq and their opposition to any policies or ment No. 885 for consideration. That is ciprocal commitment, confirmed by Israel measures which affect its territorial integ- now the pending question. seriously and without ambiguity, and action rity and threaten its borders and national Mr. STEVENS. I want to thank those to complete the course of peace, restoring unity. They demand that the Iraqi govern- who have cosponsored this amendment, rights and occupied land and guaranteeing ment commit itself not to adopt any aggres- in particular Senator MCCONNELL. It is balanced and equal security for all the states sive policies designed to provoke its Arab a managers’ amendment and will re- in the region, in accordance with the prin- neighbors and to finish implementing all the store the balance in the allocation of ciples agreed at the Madrid conference, espe- relevant Security Council resolutions * * * funds for our partners in the Middle cially the principle of land for peace and the All this is the right way to bring an end to the sanctions imposed on Iraq and create the East process. assurances submitted to the parties. The Egypt has had problems. We all know Arab leaders assert that any violation on Is- right atmosphere for it to regain its role in rael’s part of these principles and the fun- the Arab regional system. that. And yet it stands out as one of our Nation’s most important global al- damentals on which the peace process start- * * * * * ed, or backtracking on commitments, under- The Arab leaders believe that the Arab lies. It really is the bedrock of our en- takings and agreements which have been League’s proposal to hold an impartial and gagement with the Arab world. Simply reached in the framework of this process, or just trial of the two (Lockberbie) suspects by put, Mr. President, there would have procrastination in implementing them would Scottish judges under Scottish law in The been no Middle East peace process lead to a setback in the peace process, with Hague, with the necessary guarantees for without commitment of Egypt and the all the dangers and repercussions that this them * * * represents an appropriate prac- personal leadership that was displayed implies, taking the region back to the cycle tical solution leading to an end to the crisis. by President Sadat, and then by Presi- of tension, which would force all the Arab They call on the three Western states to states to reconsider the steps that have been dent Mubarak. take a positive attitude towards this pro- I say this not just as an advocate of taken towards Israel in the framework of the posal * * * peace process, full responsibility for which the peace process but as a Senator who Israel alone would bear. * * * * * has traveled many times to the Middle At the same time as the Arab leaders con- * * * * * East. I have witnessed Egypt’s evolving demn attempts to pin the charge of terror- role. During the gulf war, Senator In order to make the peace process succeed ism on legitimate national resistance, they on the Syrian, Lebanese and Palestinian condemn all forms of acts of terrorism, sabo- INOUYE and I made two trips to that re- tracks, the Arab leaders call on the sponsors tage and anarchy of which a number of gion, one at the request of the Presi- of the peace process, the European Union, states are victim. dent of the United States, to assess Japan, the non-aligned states, other inter- what was happening with regard to our * * * * * ested states, the United Nations and inter- military plans, and to meet with our national organisations and institutions to It was agreed that: His Excellency President Mohamed Hosni key allies. We found, then, in President work to ensure that Israel does not violate Mubarak, a friend and a leader who the fundamentals of the peace process, ful- Mubarak, President of the Arab Republic of fills the undertakings to which it has given Egypt, as chairman of the present summit, will aligned his great nation with the alli- a commitment, whether related to the agree- carry out the necessary contacts and consulta- ance, and when he did, he brought the ments on the transitional stage or to the tions with the Arab leaders and the Secretary rest of the Arab world along. In the final status negotiations * * * and to con- General of the League of Arab States to follow years since the gulf war, Egypt has re- tinue to provide the necessary political and up and agree on holding the next summit. mained at the center of our Nation’s ef- economic support to the Palestinian people Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I forts to maintain calm in the gulf area and their National Authority. In this con- ask unanimous consent that Senator and to advance the peace process. text the Arab leaders said the Israeli block- ABRAHAM be added as a cosponsor to As Senator MCCONNELL said, earlier ade imposed on the Palestinian people must the Egypt amendment which I was just this year, we had a delegation that be ended. discussing, which is No. 885. went to Israel, Jordan, Gaza, Egypt, * * * * * The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Mr. Presi- The Arab leaders affirm their support for objection, it is so ordered. dent, at each stop I became more aware Lebanon as it faces constant Israeli attacks Who seeks time? on its territory, peace and sovereignty and of and convinced of trying to do every- Mr. STEVENS addressed the Chair. thing we can to assure the continu- asked the international community to en- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sure an immediate and unconditional ces- ation of our 20-year partnership with sation of these attacks. ator from Alaska is recognized. Egypt in the peace process. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, let me Now, the things that Senator MCCON- * * * * * begin today by thanking the managers The Arab leaders affirm that Israel must NELL mentioned did happen. But late join the Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty of this bill, Senator MITCH MCCONNELL this spring President Mubarak came to and submit all its nuclear installations to and Senator LEAHY, for their leader- Washington and met with our Presi- the system of international inspection. ship in bringing this bill to the floor so dent and congressional leaders. In * * * * * quickly. They have had a very tough those talks he again showed his per- The Arab leaders express their solidarity job managing the foreign assistance sonal enthusiasm and dedication to the with the sisterly state of Bahrain and their programs that are undertaken by our peace process. It was very evident, as complete support for the measures it has country. In this bill what they have was his determination to keep Egypt taken to strengthen security and stability. produced merits the support of every engaged in that process. They expressed their strong condemnation of Member of the Senate. Based upon the continuum of the interference in the internal affairs of the Mr. President, at the committee track record of Egypt’s support for the state of Bahrain, affirmed that they stand meeting, several Members, including peace process, and my personal experi- with it against any threatening attempts from any party whatsoever and call on Iran myself and Senator BYRD, were not ence working with Egypt on so many to respect the sovereignty of the state of comfortable with the deletion of the vital national security interests, and Bahrain, in the framework of mutual respect earmark for assistance to Egypt. We we do have others, Mr. President, be- and good neighbourly relations, by prevent- certainly do understand Senator yond the peace process itself, I believe S7526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 it is imperative that we show the eq- continuum that has taken place, the property, the right to employ religious uity in the identification of funds for friendship and cooperation and the im- workers, the right to produce religious foreign assistance once again this year. portant contributions that Egypt has literature, maintain a bank account, or Maintaining a strong and economically made to the attainment of our goals in conduct charitable and educational ac- developing Egypt is an essential piece the Middle East, I have offered this tivities. According to an article that of this Nation’s total Middle East amendment with my friends. It is a appeared in the June 24 edition of the strategy. managers’ amendment. I do ask that Washington Post, it would sharply re- I believe President Clinton summa- the Senate consider this amendment strict the activities of foreign mission- rized the current state of relations of now. aries in Russia. Egypt very well during President The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there I hope my colleagues are aware of Mubarak’s visit early this year. Presi- further debate on the amendment of- this. I was not aware of it until my col- dent Clinton said: fered by the Senator from Kentucky? league from Oregon mentioned it to Since the Camp David Accords in 1979, The question is on agreeing to the me. I cannot believe that the Duma Egypt has been a powerful force for peace in amendment. would pass something by such an over- the Middle East. That has continued to be The amendment (No. 885) was agreed whelming vote that would deny reli- true through the last 31⁄2 years—a time of ex- to. gious opportunities to the Russian peo- traordinary progress towards peace and re- Mr. MCCONNELL. I move to recon- ple. Maybe one of the most important peated challenges. Now, as Israel and the sider the vote. of all liberties is the right to worship Palestinians embark on the difficult task of Mr. STEVENS. I move to lay it on permanent status negotiations, as we look to as one would choose. It is guaranteed revive negotiations between Israel and Syria, the table. by the 1993 Russian Constitution. Yet and then bring Lebanon into the process to The motion to lay on the table was they would pass legislation basically complete the circle of peace, we know that agreed to. grandfathering four established reli- Egypt’s leadership will be vital to finish the Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, let me gions, but outlawing other religions, job. again thank Senator MCCONNELL and such as the Mormon church, the That is President Clinton’s state- Senator LEAHY and their very capable Roman Catholic Church, and untold ment earlier this year about Egypt. staff for all the work they have done, other numbers of minority religions in After 20 years of commitment and in- and to once again urge the Senate co- Russia. vestment in this effort, this is just not operate with these managers of this The Reverend Gleb Yakunin, an or- the time to put at risk all that we have bill the way it has with those who thodox priest, said in a news report achieved. I welcome the support of the managed the defense bill and energy carried by the June 24 edition of the other cosponsors of this amendment and water bill. London Times, that the bill was ‘‘open- and I am sure there are other Members We are working and striving hard to ly discriminatory’’ and ‘‘The bill is ef- who share our concern that our ties to get the bills to conference before we go fectively aimed at reinstating Soviet Egypt remain strong and we continue to August recess. I would like all of religious policy.’’ to foster and support this alliance. them to go to conference, if possible, I believe the reverend’s statement is This is not to say that Egypt should before August. true. I believe putting restrictions on not listen to the words that Senator Mr. MCCONNELL. I just say to my the religions that have recently en- MCCONNELL has delivered here this friend and colleague before he leaves, tered Russia will have the same effect morning and to the statements he we are optimistic we can finish this bill of not allowing many people to prac- made in the committee. I believe we today. We are speeding in that direc- tice their religions. If religions are un- are all grateful to Senator MCCONNELL tion. able to carry out charitable activities, for his willingness to work with us in Mr. STEVENS. I am here to assist. how can members of various churches this matter. If there is to be any AMENDMENT NO. 889 practice their religion? change in our status with regard to Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I wish Christian missionaries who are fol- Egypt in this process, I believe it must to speak in favor of the amendment of lowing the admonition of Christ would be done on a bipartisan basis with the Senator SMITH of Oregon, which would not be allowed to do so in Russia. Many President involved. At this time I am try to protect religious liberty in Rus- remember when Billy Graham went to hopeful that will never have to happen sia. I want to compliment my col- Russia several years ago. He had an but, as a matter of fact, the modifica- league from Oregon for this amend- overwhelming reception. Would foreign tion of this bill before the Senate, I ment. In my opinion, it is probably one missionaries not be allowed? Would think, that shows our willingness to go of the most important amendments we people that gather be allowed to repro- back to the process that has been fol- will debate, certainly on this bill— duce materials? I think the reproduc- lowed in the past, I hope, will make a maybe this Congress. tion of materials would be banned significant contribution to the Middle Unfortunately, and I guess most of under the bill that was passed by the East peace process and will help us ad- my colleagues are aware of this fact, Duma. Hopefully, Mr. Yeltsin will not vance the interests of the United the Russian Duma overwhelmingly sign this bill. I think it is extremely States there and in other regions with voted to place restrictions on religious important he not sign this bill. Egypt’s support and collaboration. freedom in Russia, freedoms that were According to Lawrence Uzzell, Mos- I do, however, believe there are rea- both won after the collapse of com- cow representative of the Keston Insti- sons for us to make sure everyone un- munism and guaranteed by the 1993 tute, which studies religious life in derstands, as Senator MCCONNELL said, Russian Constitution. The overwhelm- Russia and Eastern Europe, of the 102 that the provisions of support from ing vote by the Duma is a tremendous Catholic priests and 112 nuns serving in this bill are not an entitlement. These step backward for Russia and for its Russia, all but a handful are foreigners. are funds that are dealt with on an an- people. In fact, Mr. Uzzell reports that a nual basis by our Government, the Sen- The legislation approved by the Catholic priest in Belgorod was re- ate and the House, the full Congress, as Duma would place severe restrictions cently told he could not celebrate mass part of that process. It is my judgment on religions not recognized by the gov- there because his parish is a foreign re- that it has been a bipartisan process ernment in 1982, a time when the So- ligious organization. that has included both the executive viet Government was in power, a time I think this report confirms what I and congressional leaders and leader- characterized by religious persecution suspected, that this bill passed by the ship in the past and I think it should and official atheism. In 1982, as I under- Duma would not only put restrictions continue that way again this year. stand it, the only four religions recog- on these religions, but have the effect I do hope that our friends in Egypt— nized by the Russian Government were of denying the opportunity to many to and I don’t have to hope, Mr. Presi- the Russian Orthodox church, Judaism, practice their religion. dent, I know they have heard Senator Islam, and Buddhism. So I want to thank my colleague MCCONNELL’s statement, and I know As I understand this legislation, it from Oregon for his amendment. Again, they are aware that there have been would deny religions that entered Rus- it may be one of the most important questions raised, but based upon this sia after 1982 the right to rent or own amendments. July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7527 What is the effect? It says no money clear materials in Russia. We are not demilitarized zone between North and under this bill, the foreign operations touching that. That is covered by the South Korea, North Korean soldiers ex- bill, will go to Russia if President DOD bill. I encouraged the Senator changed heavy gunfire with South Ko- Yeltsin signs this bill into law or if it from Oregon to consider putting it on rean troops. This is accurately de- becomes law, or if he issues an execu- that bill because I wanted to get their scribed as the most serious clash on tive order that will ban religious free- attention early. President Yeltsin the Korean Peninsula since a North dom as guaranteed under the Russian hasn’t signed this bill—our friend, Korean submarine full of special forces Constitution. President Clinton’s friend, George went aground off South Korea’s coast I think it is a very appropriate Bush’s friend. He hasn’t signed the bill last September. amendment. Some people will argue yet. We want to get his attention be- According to news reports, 14 North this is too heavy of a hammer. I think fore it is too late. This is the proper Korean soldiers crossed the military we need to get their attention. What bill. So it doesn’t have anything to do demarcation line and traveled 70 me- they are doing by outlawing many reli- with Nunn-Lugar money, or national ters into the DMZ. South Korean bor- gions, basically most Christian reli- defense. It does have some money in der guards used a loudspeaker to order gions and organizations, banning those, there for economic assistance. the North Koreans back. When the outlawing those from Russia, I think, As I mentioned, the President’s re- North Koreans failed to respond, South would be a terrible, terrible thing to quest is about $190 million. We prob- Korean soldiers fired some 200 warning happen to the Russian people. They ably won’t fully fund it. But we don’t shots in the air. should not be forced into any religion. have to fund it at all if they are going The North Koreans responded by fir- We should certainly encourage reli- to pass a bill denying religious freedom ing their rifles at the South Korean gious choice and opportunity for all and opportunity for the Russian peo- soldiers, who then directed fire at the the Russian people. ple. North Koreans using rifles and ma- Some will say, what is the effect of So I compliment my colleague from chine guns. North Korean soldiers re- this amendment? This amendment says Oregon for an outstanding amendment. turned fire. And although reports are no economic assistance will be going to I hope we will have an overwhelming in dispute, it appears there was at least Russia if the President signs this bill vote, maybe 100 to 0, in spite of what one mortar round fired by the North or if he issues an executive order which the memo says. Let us have a 100 to 0 Koreans. will ban religious freedom in Russia. vote to show that we believe very The firefight lasted for over 1 hour How much economic assistance does strongly that religious freedom is very before the North Koreans stopped fir- Russia receive? I think last year it was important and we are willing to put it ing and withdrew. $90-some million, and the President re- on the line that we will fight to help Mr. President. Why do I come to the quested $195 million in this bill. It is protect religious freedom throughout floor and talk about an artillery ex- not earmarked, so we don’t have the the world and certainly in Russia. change thousands of miles away? There specific amount. Would this tie the So, Mr. President, I compliment my are several good reasons why Ameri- President’s hands? This would give real colleague from Oregon. I hope all my cans should pay attention to what is leverage to the administration to tell colleagues will support this amend- going on on the Korean Peninsula. Russia, this should not become law. ment. First, I don’t need to remind my col- We need to respect individual reli- I yield the floor. leagues that I am talking about the gious liberty in Russia and not allow— The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who DMZ where 37,000 American troops and certainly not encourage—religious seeks recognition? stand guard across from a 1.1 million liberty to be trampled. I believe we Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the man North Korean army. should use what economic forces we Chair. Second, according to a GAO report have to ensure this doesn’t happen. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that I requested last year, the United don’t have to give this economic assist- ator from Alaska. States has sent over 115 million tax- ance to Russia. We haven’t done it for Mr. MURKOWSKI. I ask unanimous payer dollars in combined food aid and years. We just started a couple of years consent that the pending amendment to support the Korean Economic Devel- ago. Many of the programs that we are be set aside. opment Organization [KEDO], which is funding in the foreign ops bill are wor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tasked with sending heavy fuel oil to thy programs, where we encourage de- objection, it is so ordered. North Korea and carrying out other ac- mocracy, encourage free enterprise. AMENDMENT NO. 894 tivities under the agreed framework That is very positive. But we don’t (Purpose: To provide conditions for funding signed in October 1994. have to do it. North Korea’s implementation of the nu- Just yesterday, the administration Maybe we should tell them if they clear framework agreement) announced that the United States will are going to pass this kind of bill, we Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I donate an additional $27 million worth are not going to do it. If they are going send an amendment to the desk and of surplus grain to North Korea. to pass a bill in Russia to deny Bap- ask for its immediate consideration. And today, in the foreign operations tists the opportunity to distribute ma- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The appropriations bill, there is an addi- terials or to have employees in Russia, clerk will report. tional $44 million appropriated for then maybe we should not be giving The bill clerk read as follows: KEDO, subject to certain conditions them economic assistance. Maybe we that Senator MCCAIN and I added to The Senator from Alaska [Mr. MURKOWSKI] need to use a heavy hammer to get proposes an amendment numbered 894. last year’s appropriation bill. their attention that this is very seri- Now $200 million may be a small Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I ous. price to pay to achieve peace on the ask unanimous consent that reading of One of the most important freedoms Korean Peninsula, and I am not argu- the amendment be dispensed with. we have, protected by our first amend- ing about the money per se. But if The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ment, is religious freedom. It is also there was ever a case of a recipient bit- objection, it is so ordered. protected in the Russian Constitution. ing the hand that feeds it—it is North The amendment is as follows: We should encourage the Russian Gov- Korea. ernment to protect religious freedom, At the appropriate place in Title II, insert Incident after incident—from the the following ‘‘Provided further, That funds submarine incursion to this latest not take it away. So, yes, this is an appropriated under this heading to the Ko- amendment that has a heavy hammer. rean Peninsula Economic Development round of gunfire—is dismissed as ‘‘not It says we are not going to give eco- Organation (KEDO) may only be obligated if intentional’’ or not ‘‘serious’’ enough nomic assistance. the Secretary of State certifies and reports to derail U.S. assistance under the I noticed a memo from the adminis- to the Congress that during the fiscal year agreed framework. After the North Ko- tration in opposition to this amend- the military armistice agreement of 1953 has rean submarine landed on South Ko- ment, which says our assistance money not been violated by North Korea.’’ rean shores, our administration asked is used to reduce the number of nuclear Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President. At for ‘‘both sides to show restraint.’’ I weapons and improve security over nu- 10:40 a.m. Tuesday morning along the was outraged that we asked our South S7528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 Korean allies to ‘‘show restraint’’ when If the administration cannot certify which the North responded with a mor- it was their country that had been in- North Korean compliance with this tar and artillery barrage. vaded by commandos. amendment, I think financial assist- My reason for bringing this up is to I understand that right now the ad- ance must come to an end. If the Presi- ensure this latest event involving ministration is preparing a response to dent can make the necessary certifi- North Korea is placed squarely in its this latest violation of the Military Ar- cation that the North Koreans have not proper context. On Monday, the Clin- mistice Agreement. And true to form, violated the Military Armistice Agree- ton administration announced that it the administration is asking once ment of 1953, I certainly would not is doubling the amount of food assist- again that this issue not be ‘‘blown out stand in the way of meeting our com- ance it intends to supply to Pyongyang of proportion’’. Not blown out of pro- mitments to KEDO. But I think the to alleviate some of the suffering from portion? North Koreans should certainly get the the famine resulting primarily from 50 I think we should be outraged at message that they simply cannot con- years of totalitarian rule and exacer- North Korea’s continued belligerent ac- tinue to operate under the theory that bated by intense flooding. I am not tions that are clearly designed to in- anything goes with regard to its com- here to argue against providing food to timidate. The South Koreans did noth- mitment to KEDO. starving people; I am here to reiterate ing wrong today, unless you think de- Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the the futility of expecting humanitarian fending one’s borders and shooting in Chair. gestures to the most belligerent regime self-defense is wrong. I hope the admin- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- in the world to beneficially affect its istration’s statement recognizes that ator from Kentucky is recognized. behavior. reality and does not even implicitly Mr. MCCONNELL. I say to my friend Nobody knows what is going on in- agree with the North Korean foreign from Arizona, if I could just propound side the minds of North Korea’s lead- ministry propaganda claiming that a unanimous-consent request, then I ers, especially the presumed head of their soldiers were acting in self-de- will yield the floor. government, Kim Jong Il. So thor- fense. It is my understanding it has been oughly closed off to the outside world That is why in offering this amend- cleared on the other side of the aisle as the North Korean Government has ment, Mr. President, I would condition for there to be a vote on the Smith been since its post-World War II incep- further funding—this is the important amendment at 2 o’clock. It is my un- tion, that details on its inner workings part of the amendment—on a certifi- derstanding, based upon a previous have been more elusive than for the So- cation from the President that North agreement, that would also trigger a viet Union during its most closed and Korea has not violated the Military Ar- vote on final passage on the energy and totalitarian period. One incontrovert- mistice Agreement of 1953. water appropriations bill. ible fact remains, however: North Although I have very strong reserva- Therefore, if I am correct about that, Korea has an extraordinarily consist- tions about the agreed framework, I ask unanimous consent that a vote on ent pattern of alternating minor and which I have expressed on this floor the Smith amendment occur at 2 p.m. manipulative gestures of goodwill with from time to time, and particularly be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there acts of terror and provocation toward cause North Korea does not have to objection? its South Korean neighbor unseen any- submit to inspections that were re- Without objection, it is so ordered. where else in the world. quired 5 years ago, for several more Mr. MCCONNELL. I remind my col- To illustrate this pattern of provo- years—and this is in association with leagues there will be two votes, back to cation and terror, I ask unanimous the construction of the light water re- back, at 2 o’clock, one on the Smith consent to submit for the RECORD this actors that Japan, the United States, amendment and one on final passage of list of such individual acts spanning and South Korea are assisting in—I energy and water. the period 1958 to March of this year. have supported continued funding for I yield the floor. There being no objection, the mate- KEDO, subject to specific conditions Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, it rial was ordered to be printed in the that are spelled out in the bill. But I is my intention to ask for the yeas and RECORD, as follows: now believe that these conditions nays on my amendment that is pend- CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, should be expanded to ensure that ing. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, North Korea belligerency comes to an The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Washington, DC, March 27, 1997. end. sufficient second? To: If the North Koreans want economic There is not a sufficient second. From: Rinn S. Shinn, Analyst in Asian Af- assistance from the United States, Mr. MURKOWSKI. It is my intention fairs, Foreign Affairs and National Defense they are going to have to learn that to ask for the yeas and nays on my Division. their troops and munitions ought to pending amendment. Subject: History of North Korean Terrorist stay on their side of the border. Their Activities. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The following chronology is in response to people, unfortunately, don’t have sufficient second? your request for historical information on enough to eat. Many of them are starv- There is not a sufficient second. terrorist activities carried out by the North ing. We continue to help them with Mr. MCCAIN addressed the Chair. Korean government in the past decades. For food assistance and humanitarian as- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the purpose of this chronology, we have sistance. Yet, they continue to use ator from Arizona. agreed that the scope of ‘‘terrorist activi- their military to provoke those who Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I am ties’’ should be expanded to cover broadly de- would help them. working and my staff is working with fined other provocative acts and beyond ‘‘the I think it is time for the administra- the Senator from Alaska right now so last 20 years’’ you indicated in your request. I should add that the chronology is selec- tion to stop appeasing this tyrannical that I can cosponsor this important tive. From 1954 to 1992, North Korea infil- and barbaric government that has bru- amendment regarding Korea. We have trated a total of 3,693 armed agents into talized the people of North Korea for some details we would like to iron out South Korea. According to data compiled by more than 45 years. We, in effect, are as to the language of the amendment a South Korean government agency, 2,345 in- supporting a government that would that I am confident we can agree on. filtrators were captured; 1,130 killed; and 218 probably fall by its own weight. I am Mr. President, we all know that there surrendered. The peak years of North Korean not suggesting that it is not a very has been another North Korean-initi- infiltration were 1967 and 1968, accounting dangerous situation with the 1.1 mil- ated altercation in the demilitarized for a total of 743 agents (167 captured; 553 shot to death; and 23 surrendered). Incidence lion men in arms. I am not suggesting zone that separates it from the South. of infiltration has decreased sharply since that the regime isn’t dangerous, in the According to preliminary reports, a 1987 but has not stopped completely (Van- sense of being very unpredictable. But small number of North Korean soldiers tage Point, November 1995, p. 17). If you need they have to get the message that they entered South Korea and refused an further assistance or have questions, please can’t bite the hand that feeds them. We order from the South to withdraw. call me. continue to assist North Korea even When the North Korean soldiers ig- CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR PROVOCATIVE ACTS BY while that Government continues a nored the verbal warning, the South NORTH KOREA very aggressive posture. Korean soldiers fired warning shots, to Date, activities. July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7529 02/1958—North Korean agents hijacked to 07/1977—A North Korean attempt to abduct off the coast of Burma. 115 passengers were Pyongyang a South Korean airliner flying a South Korean couple (Yoon Jong-hee and aboard the flight from Baghdad to Seoul. from Pusan to Seoul; 2 American pilots and wife) failed in Paris. One of the terrorists, who was taken into 24 passengers were released in early March 02/1978—Actress Choi Eun-hee and her film- custody in Bahrain, confessed to the crime, but 8 other passengers remained in the director husband Shin Sang-ok were kid- was tried, and convicted in a Seoul court. North. napped in Hong Kong and taken to 03/1990—Another North Korean tunnel dug 01/1968—a 31-number commando team, dis- Pyongyang. The couple escaped in 1986 while under the DMZ was discovered; this was the guised as South Korean soldiers and civil- on a filming assignment in Vienna. fourth one uncovered since the mid-1970s. ians, reached within 500 yards of President 06/1979—A South Korean student Ko Sang- 05/1992—Three North Koreans, wearing Park Chung Hee’s office/residence complex moon was abducted by North Koreans in the South Korean uniforms, were shot to death (The Blue House) before they were inter- Netherlands. at Cholwon, Kangwondo, south of the DMZ. cepted by South Korean police; 29 comman- 07/1979—A North Korean attempt to abduct 10/1992—A North Korean 400-member spy dos were killed and one committed suicide; Han Yong-gil, an employee of the Korea ring in South Korea, directed by Lee Son-sil one who was captured revealed that their Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (a Political Bureau candidate member of the mission was to kill President Park and other (KOTRA), failed in France. Central Committee of Pyongyang’s ruling senior government officials. 03/1980—Three North Koreans tried to infil- Korean Workers (Communist) Party), was 01/1968—Two days after the commando at- trate the South across the estuary of Han uncovered by South Korea’s Agency for Na- tempt on President Park, North Korea seized River; all were killed. tional Security Planning. The Agency an- the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo with a crew 11/1980—Three North Korean infiltrators nounced that the agents had infiltrated of 83 officers and men off Wonsan in inter- were shot to death at Whenggando, Cholla through South Korea’s coastlines. national waters outside the 12-mile limit Namdo, South Korea. 03/1993—North Korea announced its inten- claimed by North Korea; the crew was finally 12/1980—Three North Korean agents were tion to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Pro- released in 12/1968, but not the ship. shot to death off the coast of Kyongsang liferation Treaty rather than yield to the 10/1968—130 sea-borne commandos infil- Namdo, South Korea. International Atomic Energy Agency’s de- trated the Ulchin and Samchok areas on the 03/1981—Of three North Korean infiltrators mands for a ‘‘special inspection’’ of two sus- eastern coast of South Korea; 110 were at Kumhwa, Kangwondo, one was shot to pected nuclear waste storage sites at killed, 7 were captured, and 13 fled. death. Yongbyon, North Korea. 04/1969—North Korea shot down an un- 06/1981—A North Korean spy boat was sunk 12/1993—Vice Marshal Choe Kwang, Chief of armed U.S. EC–121 reconnaissance plane over off the coast of Sosan, Chungchong Namdo; 9 the General Staff of the North Korean mili- international waters, resulting in the loss of agents were shot to death and one was cap- tary (and defense minister, 1995–96), declared 31 lives. tured alive. at a major state function that the military 06/1969—North Korea agents infiltrated 07/1981—One North Korean agent was shot ‘‘has the heavy and honorable task of reuni- Huksan Island off the west coast; 15 were to death in the upper stream of Imjin River, fying the fatherland with guns [emphasis shot to death. while trying to cross the river. added] in the nineties without fail,’’ thereby 12/1969—North Korea hijacked a South Ko- 05/1982—Two North Korean infiltrators revealing not so subtly North Korea’s alter- rean airliner with 50 persons aboard to were spotted on the east coast; one was shot native to its oft-proclaimed policy of ‘‘peace- Pyongyang; in February 1970, it released all to death. ful reunification.’’ 03/1994—For the first time in more than but 11 of the crew and passengers but de- 08/1982—Police in Canada uncovered a two decades, North Korea issue a threat of tained 7 passengers, 1 pilot, and 2 North Korean plot to assassinate President war in an inter-Korean meeting in Panmun- stewardesses and seized the aircraft. The 11 Chun Doo Hwan during a visit to that coun- jom. In response to Seoul’s chief delegate are reportedly still detained in North Korea, try. mentioning the possibility of UN sanctions along with some 450 other South Koreans ab- 10/1983—The explosion of a powerful bomb, against the North for its refusal to accept ducted by North Korea in the past decades. several minutes before President Chun was 03/1970—From 1970 to 1995, North Korea pro- full international nuclear inspections, due to arrive to lay a wreath at the Martyr’s vided sanctuary to 9 members of a Japanese Pyongyang’s chief delegate reportedly shot Mausoleum in Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar), radical leftwing ‘‘Red Army’’ group who had back: ‘‘Seoul is not far away from here. If a killed 17 senior South Korean officials and hijacked a Japanese Boeing 707 airliner to war breaks out, Seoul will turn into a sea of injured 13 who were accompanying President Pyongyang. fire.’’ The ‘‘sea of fire’’ threat rattled South Chun, then on the first leg of a six-nation 04/1970—Three North Korean infiltrators Koreans, already concerned about were shot to death at Kumchon, Kyonggido, Asian tour. Among the killed were; presi- Pyongyang’s perceived attempt to cultivate south of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) sepa- dential chief-of-staff and another senior a ‘madman’ image as ‘‘a new psychological rating the two Koreas. presidential assistant; deputy prime min- negotiating tactic’’ designed ‘‘to blackmail 06/1970—A powerful bomb exploded, demol- ister/minister of economic planning; three the US into granting concessions, including ishing the main gate to National Cemetery cabinet members including foreign minister; diplomatic recognition, the lifting of trade (South Korea’s equivalent of Arlington Cem- 3 deputy ministers; and South Korean am- sanctions and the supply of aid for its totter- etery), before President Park’s scheduled bassador to Burma. The bomb was intended ing economy.’’ visit to the place. The incident was linked to for President Chun. Based on initial findings, 06/1994—A North Korean attempt to abduct North Korean elements. Seoul accused Pyongyang of masterminding a South Korean professor, Lee Jin-sang, from 01/1971—A North Korean attempt to hijack the mass assassination, an accusation North an Ethiopian university in Addis Ababa was a South Korean Airline F–20 passenger plane Korean leader Kim Il Sung dismissed as a foiled. flying from Seoul to Sokcho on the east ‘‘preposterous slander.’’ President Chun 08/1994—North Korea’s foreign ministry de- coast was foiled. termed the mass assassination as ‘‘a grave clared: ‘‘We will never allow the [special] in- 08/1974—President Park Chung Hee’s wife provocation not unlike a declaration of spection of the military sites at the expense was killed during another attempt on his war,’’ and warned the North that ‘‘should of our sovereignty in order to receive light- life. A member of a pro-North Korean group such a provocation recur, there would be a water reactors. Another conflict cannot be in Japan who entered Seoul as a tourist fired corresponding retailiation in kind.’’ Two sus- avoided, if they [South Korean and Japanese several shots at Park at a major public func- pects arrested and tried in the Rangoon Divi- authorities] continue trying to complicate tion; Park escaped unhurt, but the First sional Court turned out to be a North Korean matters, citing the ‘special inspection’ that Lady was hit by stray bullets and died sev- army major and captain. On November 4, we have never allowed and cannot allow in eral hours later. Burma broke off diplomatic relations with the future either.’’ (The North Korean-U.S. 09/1975—Two North Korean infiltrators North Korea. In 02/84, the Burmese Supreme ‘‘agreed framework’’ of October 1994 to the were intercepted at Kochang, Cholla Pukdo; Court sustained the death penalty handed contrary, North Korea continues to maintain one was shot to death. down by the lower court. that the special inspection is out of ques- 06/1976—Three North Korean infiltrators 09/1984—A North Korean agent killed 3 resi- tion—a portent of what might be called ‘‘a were shot to death in the eastern sector dents of Taegu, South Korea, and committed special inspection crisis’’ several years down south of the DMZ. suicide. the road or around 2003). 08/1976—A group of North Korean soldiers, 10/1984—A North Korean spy ship was 05/1995—North Korean patrol boat fired on wielding axes and metal pikes, attacked a chased off the coast of Pusan, South Korea, a South Korean fishing vessel, killing three U.S.-South Korean tree-trimming team in a but eluded capture. South Korean fishermen; North Korea re- neutral area inside the DMZ at Panmunjom, 01/1998—A North Korean attempt to abduct leased 5 other fishermen in December 1995 killing 2 U.S. army officers and wounding 4 a South Korean citizen (Yoon Taek-shik) through Panmunjom. American enlisted men and 5 South Korean failed in Hong Kong. 06/1995—North Korean soldiers threatened soldiers. In a message to UN Commander 08/1997—Lee Chae-hwan, a South Korean the captain of a South Korean vessel with General Richard G. Stillwell, North Korea’s student enrolled in an American school, was harm in a North Korean port unless he hoist- Kim Il Sung described the incident as ‘‘re- abducted by North Koreans while on a visit ed the North Korean flag while the vessel grettable’’ without admitting North Korean to a European country. was there to deliver a South Korean humani- responsibility for what the U.S. government 11/1987—A bomb planted by two North Ko- tarian rice shipment to the North. condemned as a ‘‘vicious and unprovoked rean terrorists on a Korean Airline Boeing 07/1995—A team of three North Korean murder’’ of the officers. 707 exploded in midair over the Andaman Sea agents abducted a South Korean missionary, S7530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 the Reverend An Sung-un, in southern Man- After being in coma, Lee died a week later in the world that we act as responsibly as churia and transported him to North Korea. a Seoul hospital. possible when allocating these scarce Reverend An currently remains in the North. 03/1997—Japan’s daily newspaper Sankei resources. That is why I continue to 08/1995—North Korea seized a South Korean Shimbun, based on an interview with a oppose the practices of adding to the rice delivery vessel and arrested its crew in former South Korean agent An Myong-chin a North Korean port after a South Korean (who defected to South Korea in September bill funds for programs of questionable crewman took photographs from the ship. 1993), reported that in 1977, Megumi Yokota, merit and of earmarking for specific The ship was released in 12 days after the a 13-year-old Japanese school girl was ab- institutions without regard for broader South Korean government sent a message to ducted in Niigata City to North Korea for U.S. national security interests. the North, expressing ‘‘regret’’ over the use as a teaching aide at a North Korean As an elected representative from a photographing incident. school for spy training. Japanese authorities State with considerable agricultural 10/1995—Two armed North Koreans were disclosed that An’s description of the girl intercepted at the Imjin River just south of matched the profile of a girl reported miss- interests, I am fully aware of the im- the DMZ; one was shot to death and the ing in Niigata, Japan. portance of properly administered agri- other escaped (This incident happened at a cultural programs. Do we honestly ex- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, it is a time when South Korea was sending humani- pect, however, the American public to tarian rice aid to North Korea). list worthy of Stalin, the butcher of millions of his own people and the So- adopt a less confrontational posture 10/1995—Two North Korean agents were vis-a-vis their elected representatives intercepted at Puyo, about 100 miles south of viet leader who installed Kim Jong-Il’s when we continue to earmark funds for Seoul; one was shot to death and the other father, Kim Il Sung, in power following was taken alive. The captured agent dis- the end of the Second World War. This the International Fertilizer Develop- closed that he had infiltrated into South list includes numerous instances of ment Center in Alabama. Not only does Korea two months earlier, with a mission to North Korean agents infiltrating the the bill before us earmark $3 million contact anti-government dissidents and poli- South to conduct assassinations, with for the center, this amount represents ticians and the organization of underground a 50-percent increase over fiscal year cells. the most recent occurring last Feb- ruary; causes of agents kidnapping or- 1996. Is the chemical makeup or molec- 04/1996—A total of four hundred North Ko- ular structure of fertilizer changing so rean troops crossed the military demarca- dinary Japanese citizens off of the tion line of the DMZ at Panmunjom and else- beaches of their own country as well as much that we need to actually increase where in violation of the Korean armistice South Koreans, who are smuggled to appropriations for the Fertilizer Devel- agreement, after Pyongyang’s unilateral an- North Korea for imprisonment and in- opment Center? nouncement that it no longer would abide by terrogation; armed soldiers crossing As usual, although admittedly to a the terms of the armistice. lesser extent than in years past, the 05/1996—Seven North Korean soldiers the border between the two countries crossed the military demarcation line into to provoke fire fights, such as appar- bill recommends or directs funding for the southern half of the DMZ, facing South ently occurred this morning; special specific universities, including the Uni- Korean defensive positions just south of the forces infiltrating the South through versity of Hawaii for the training of DMZ, but withdrew when South Korean tunnels dug beneath the DMZ; and the health and human service profes- troops fired warning shots. naval incursions, most recently the sionals; the University of Northern 05/1996—Five North Korean naval patrol September 1996 submarine that was Iowa for teacher education in Slovakia; craft crossed into South Korean territorial grounded off the South Korean coast and George Mason University, also for waters off the east coast in an area des- health care. Montana State University ignated as South Korean waters under the with the ensuing loss of considerable armistice accord but withdrew after four life due to the will of the North Korean continues to fare well in foreign oper- hours of a standoff with South Korean naval commandoes who debarked from the ations appropriations bills. In the past, vessels. A similar three-hour incursion by sub not to be taken alive. it has received funding for pest control. three North Korean craft in the same area I highly recommend my colleagues This year, it is supposed to receive occurred on June 14, 1996. take a few minutes to review this list. funds for crop eradication, specifically 07/1996—A North Korean spy was captured It is the ultimate commentary on the opium poppy, coca, and marijuana. in Seoul after posing as a Filipino professor Laudable goals, but why the earmark? for 12 years. Chung Su Il (alias: Mohammed nature of the North Korean regime. It Kansu), 62, told police that ‘‘scores, perhaps is a window into the soul of that coun- I do not question the value of some of hundreds’’ of North Korean spies were oper- try’s rulers. It is a warning against these programs; I do question whether ating in the South. misjudging the North’s periodic ges- they require or deserve funding from 09/1996—A disabled North Korean sub- tures of goodwill that are inevitably, the U.S. Treasury or cannot be com- marine was spotted bobbing off the shore at most, tactical responses to their peted among contending institutions near the city of Kangnung. Twenty six North own self-induced social calamities or and organizations. Korean military personnel landed on the east coast from the submarine that was found to continued efforts at undermining the Other recommendations and ear- be on an espionage/reconnaissance mission. relationship between South Korea and marks of questionable merit included Eleven of the infiltrators were shot to death the United States. in this bill are $15 million for the Office by North Koreans; 13 others refused to sur- Mr. President, I now want to discuss of Women in Development, which is render and were killed; one was captured and the bill very briefly itself. hardly necessary with simple instruc- one escaped. During the South Korean hunt Mr. President, I appreciate the oppor- tions to our own Agency for Inter- for the infiltrators, North Koreans killed 11 tunity to address the Senate on the national Development; $500,000 for the South Korean military personnel and civil- subject of the fiscal year 1988 foreign U.S. Telecommunications Training In- ians and wounded five others. 10/1996—Choi Duk Keun, a South Korean operations appropriations bill. As has stitute for communications and broad- diplomat, was murdered in Vladivostok, Rus- been noted numerous times by Mem- cast training; and $15 million over 5 sia, following a North Korean threat to ‘‘re- bers of this body, the end of the cold years for the International Foundation taliate’’ for the submarine incident. Cir- war had the unwelcome effect of creat- for Education and Self-Help, which cumstantial evidence initially pointed to ing a vacuum into which all manner of trains teachers and bankers. I was also North Korean complicity in the murder, and ethnic, religious, and territorial con- interested to see in the report accom- later autopsy results showed that poison flict has been permitted to emerge. In panying this bill a recommendation to found in Choi’s body was the same type of poison carried by North Korean infiltrators addition, the continuous problems of AID that it work with Science and from the grounded submarine in September. combating famine, disease, and other Technology International to further 02/1997—In Seoul, South Korea, Lee Han- problems afflicting many nations of development of the advanced airborne yong was assassinated by two hit men be- the world ensures that the global re- hyperspectral imaging system, which is lieved to be North Korean agents. Nephew of sponsibilities of the executive and leg- intended to facilitate the monitoring North Korean leader Kim Jong Il’s former islative branches of the Government of environmental degradation and dis- wife, Song Hye-rim, Lee had defected to the remain substantial, particularly rel- aster mitigation and aid in the protec- South in 1982. The shooting took place three ative to the resources available with tion of wetlands and management of days after Hwang Jan-yop, a high ranking North Korean party official, walked into the which to address them. littoral regions. Does any of this over- South Korean consulate in Beijing to defect It is for these reasons that we owe it lap with the $60 million the bill ear- to the South—a possible warning to Hwang to the American public and to those marked for the Global Environment and other would-be defectors to the South. less fortunate than ourselves around Facility. July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7531 Once again, I applaud the goal, but the practice of earmarking continue. Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I have question whether we should be specify- At least, though, the long-term trend a unanimous consent on behalf of the ing programs, directly or indirectly, has been in the right direction. leader. without the benefit of a competitive Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Before I make that unanimous con- process or adequate knowledge of sent that a list of programs in the bill sent request, I would like to thank the whether similar capabilities are al- that I find objectionable be printed in Senator from Arizona and the Senator ready or imminently available in the the RECORD. from Alaska in reference to the amend- private sector. I further note that this There being no objection, the mate- ment concerning our policy with North is the second bill this week to include rial was ordered to be printed in the Korea. Senator MCCAIN has pointed out funding for this program: The Defense RECORD, as follows: the situation that now exists with an- appropriations bill included $2 million OBJECTIONABLE PROGRAMS IN THE FOREIGN other flare-up of hostilities on the DMZ for the advanced airborne OPERATIONS APPROPRIATION BILL FOR 1998: between South Korea and North Korea. hyperspectral imaging system. TITLE II—BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE Some time ago—about 4 months—I I have already referred to funding for PROGRAMS WITH FUNDS EARMARKED was privileged to take part in a delega- agricultural programs in the bill that In millions tion with Senator STEVENS. Senator warrants skepticism. With funding also American Schools and Hospitals: STEVENS, Senator DOMENICI, Senator directed toward the Farmer-to-Farmer American University in Beirut, INOUYE, Senator COCHRAN, and myself Program and the Soils Management Lebanese American University, Ha- were the first American congressional Collaborative Research Support Pro- dassah Medical Organization, delegation allowed into North Korea. Feinberg Graduate School in Israel, gram, I wonder whether it isn’t time to We went to North Korea with a spe- and Johns Hopkins University (Bo- cific purpose. We know that country is take a closer look at the proliferation logna, Italy, China) ...... $15.0 of programs to determine whether they U.S. Telecommunications Training hard hit by a famine, and that the situ- are all necessary or overlap in func- Institute ...... 0.5 ation is very real. We wanted to en- tion. University Development Assistance courage the North Koreans, in coopera- Finally, Mr. President, I would like Programs: University of Hawaii, tion with Ambassador Richardson, the to briefly address the Buy-America University of Northern Iowa, and State Department and the administra- provisions of the bill. The American George Mason University ...... 2.0 tion, to participate in the four-party International Fertilizer Development peace talks. public understandably abhors active Center ...... 3.0 participation by its Government in en- International Foundation for Edu- Since I have had the privilege of couraging U.S. companies to relocate cation and Self-Help: Human re- being the former chairman of the to foreign countries where labor and source development in sub-Saharan House Agriculture Committee and materials are cheaper. Section 538 of Africa ...... 15.0 serve on the Agriculture Committee the bill addresses this concern. Para- PROGRAMS FOR WHICH THE COMMITTEE here in this body, I wanted to encour- graph (b) of this provision may go too RECOMMENDS FUNDING age the North Koreans to explore every far, however, with the ultimate impact Advanced Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging opportunity for normal trading rela- of impeding economic growth where it System: Monitors Wetlands and Littoral tions—that is, to explore the possibil- is seriously needed while degrading the Zones. ity of commercial trade and third- benefits that accrue to the American Farmer-to-Farmer: Overseas Cooperative party agreements that would alleviate Assistance Program, specifically in former their situation. economy through free trade. Specifi- Soviet Union. cally, the paragraph in question pro- Pushchino Project: Promotes economic de- I think we made some progress. I hibits the use of funds for the purpose velopment in South Central Russia. think we tried to make our point that of, Mongolia: Academy of Natural Sciences in these kind of negotiations, these kind . . . establishing or developing in a foreign Philadelphia, PA, to provide technical advice of contacts, would certainly open up country any export processing zone or des- on infrastructure development. new doors of cooperation only to find ignated area in which the tax, tariff, labor, Biological Control of Illicit Drug Crops: out, however, that now just at the time environment, and safety law of that country Research at Montana State University in the the administration is announcing a do not apply, in part or in whole, to activi- development of plant pathogens. Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis: Supports doubling of the humanitarian food as- ties carried out with that zone or area, un- sistance to North Korea we see another less the President determines and certifies joint funding for this technology. COMMERCE AND TRADE repeat of these hostilities. that such assistance is not likely to cause a I remember well in meeting with the loss of jobs within the United States. Sec. 513. Restricts funds for testing in connection with the growth or production in South Korean Government officials The Presidential certification proc- when South Korea sent a ship full of ess established by this provision will a foreign country of an agricultural com- modity which would compete with commod- grain and other food shipments to the create, I suspect, the same problems as ities grown in the United States. North. The North simply confiscated do other certifications processes. As Sec. 514. Restricts funds for foreign pro- the ship, took down the South Korean countries evolve over decades and cen- duction or extraction of any commodity or flag, raised the North Korean flag, took turies and economies reflect that evo- mineral for export if its surplus on the world all of the personnel involved, and had lution through industrialization and market will cause substantial injury to Unit- them incarcerated for about 10 days, ed States producers of the same, or similar service-oriented dominance, and as free and then finally let those folks go back trade policies account for substantial commodity. Sec. 538. Restricts funds that would pro- to South Korea. That to me is not a proportions of economic growth, inevi- vide any financial incentive to a business in very willing partner in an effort to re- tably jobs are lost in certain areas. It the United States considering relocating lieve any kind of famine. has never been any different. We have outside of the United States if it is likely to Quite frankly, when we were in North also seen the benefits to the very peo- reduce the number of employees in the Unit- Korea they were conducting a military ple we purport to help of free market ed States. exercise at the time that we were economic zones in countries with oth- Mr. McCAIN. I thank my friend, Sen- there, and wasting, as far as I am con- erwise centrally controlled economies. ator MURKOWSKI, from Alaska for pro- cerned and any other observer, valu- It is such zones that facilitate the posing an amendment that has to do able dollars that could have been pro- greatest economic growth and that are with the very serious situation in vided to their own people who are suf- more prone to exhibit liberal social and Korea, and frankly the part of Ameri- fering. This is a repressive regime—a political transformations consistent ca’s foreign policy that I think is de- theocracy, if you will—that is punish- with our own national values. To adopt serving of significant criticism. I think ing their senior citizens and their very a provision designed to impede such history will show that this entire issue young—putting them through a famine progress is not in our national interest. of North Korea has been mishandled by at the same time that they are asking There is room for improvement in this administration. us for this kind of assistance. this bill that I hope will occur when Mr. President, I yield the floor. Question: Will these funds go to the the Appropriations Committees of the Mr. ROBERTS addressed the Chair. purpose that it should go to, or will respective Houses of Congress meet in The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. they go to simply reinforce a very re- conference. It is discouraging to see COATS). The Senator from Kansas. pressive military? S7532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 These are questions that should be foreign policy and national security. I agencies. We were able to provide $60 answered. And I think with the latest think all of us owe him a debt of grati- million for the global environment fa- flare-up on the DMZ Senator MURKOW- tude for that. I take the attitude, cility. The GEF plays a central role in SKI and Senator MCCAIN have made an which is the attitude of all Vermonters protecting international waters and excellent amendment, and I hope we ahead of me, that in foreign policy biodiversity, replacing ozone depletion. would consider it and I hope it will be matters especially we should try to de- It is a step in the right direction. I improved. velop bipartisanship. The distinguished would like to see a United States con- UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT—S. 1004 senior Senator from West Virginia and tribution to the African Development In behalf of the leader, I ask unani- the distinguished senior Senator from Fund. I would like to see more funds mous consent that the bill, S. 1004, be Alaska did that in developing the allo- for voluntary peacekeeping, disaster considered read a third time, that the cation in this bill. While I am the only relief programs. vote on passage occur as under the Member of my party ever to be elected There were some hard choices. I original consent, and additionally the from the State of Vermont, I look back point out to people that most programs bill not be engrossed, that it remain at to distinguished predecessors as Sen- that did not receive full funding, and the desk pending the receipt of the ators from Vermont who always tried they are relatively few, were distrib- House companion measure; I further to develop that bipartisanship in for- uted fairly evenly across the various ask unanimous consent that when the eign policy. This bill appropriates addi- accounts here. House companion measure is passed tional funds for development assistance I have other areas of concern, and I pursuant to the previous order, the in microenterprise, health and edu- will speak to those when the time passage of S. 1004 be vitiated and that cation, agriculture, and many other ac- comes. S. 1004 be indefinitely postponed. tivities supported strongly on both I say only this in closing, Mr. Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there sides of the aisle—a special fund for dent. We have a tremendous oppor- objection? combating infectious diseases. I thank tunity to influence economic and polit- Without objection, it is so ordered. the distinguished chairman of the sub- ical events around the world, but diplo- Mr. DORGAN addressed the Chair. committee for that. macy costs money. It is money to sup- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask This is an area that I was particu- port programs that will in a very real unanimous consent that Matthew larly concerned about. We have seen an way determine what kind of world our Goldenberg, Danette Lince, Joshua alarming increase in TB and other dis- children’s grandchildren live in. We are Spellman, and Katherine Ruth be given eases that were once thought to be the most powerful nation in the world, floor privileges today. under control, new viruses like Ebola. the greatest democracy history has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without These pose a threat to America. You ever known, and we have a responsibil- objection, it is so ordered. might ask what American interest is ity to the rest of the world because of Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I there in that in a foreign aid bill. It is that. We do not live in isolation, and have an amendment pending, and I had very simple. These funds will help this bill helps us say that. asked for the yeas and nays some time monitor and combat these diseases. A Mr. President, I do not see others ago. There was a question, and I would microbe does not stop at a border and seeking the floor, so I suggest the ab- like to again ask for the yeas and nays get a visa before it moves on to the sence of a quorum. on my amendment on North Korea. next country. Microbes and viruses, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a diseases, some of the most horrendous clerk will call the roll. sufficient second? There is a sufficient diseases known in our lifetime, trav- The assistant legislative clerk pro- second. eled freely across borders. ceeded to call the roll. The yeas and nays were ordered. In an era where a Member of Con- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask Mr. MURKOWSKI. I thank the Chair gress does much traveling, we see how unanimous consent that the order for and I thank my colleague. people can be, for example, in Kenya the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, because and be back in Washington in a matter The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of a meeting with the President and of long hours, but it is possible to trav- objection, it is so ordered. the Vice President, I was unable to be el that way, sometimes perhaps arriv- The Senator from Illinois. here for the opening of this bill, and I ing even a few minutes later than they Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I rise to did want to make note of a couple might have liked, but being able to ar- speak to the legislation now pending items. rive. before the Senate on three topics that First, I do commend my friend from I should note for the RECORD that are much different in nature, but I Kentucky, Senator MCCONNELL, who this reflects sort of a private joke be- think reflect the diversity of the sub- has put together a bill which I believe tween the distinguished Presiding Offi- ject matter of this important legisla- both parties, both Republicans and cer, my good friend, and myself. But tion. Democrats, can and should support. I the point is people do travel and, un- NATO ENLARGEMENT ASSISTANCE should note that last year the foreign like the old days when you looked at a At the outset, let me join with my operations bill passed the Senate by a different continent one would never colleague, Senator GORTON of Washing- vote of 93 to 7, which is pretty darned visit, now we go back and forth, and ton, who has offered a sense-of-the-Sen- good for such a piece of legislation. diseases do, too. ate amendment in his name and mine, This year’s bill I think will pass by an My wife, who works as a registered asking that Lithuania, Latvia, and Es- even higher margin. nurse, sees far, far more patients with tonia be invited to become full NATO I thank the chairman of the full com- TB today than she had seen a decade members at the earliest possible date. I mittee, Senator STEVENS, and the sen- ago. We see far more diseases that we have addressed this issue before on the ior Democrat on the committee, Sen- thought had disappeared popping up State Department authorization, and it ator BYRD, for providing us with an al- again. What we want to do is have was adopted by the Senate in similar location that has made it possible to money in here to help us monitor coun- form. fund many of the administration’s for- tries where these diseases are coming The amendment states the sense of eign policy priorities, in fact, most of up, help the world organizations most the Senate that Lithuania, Latvia, and the priorities of Members of the Sen- involved in this to isolate and quar- Estonia are to be commended for their ate, and that is extremely important as antine and help eradicate diseases be- progress toward political and economic we go into conference with the other fore they travel into our country or reform and meeting the guidelines for body. other countries. prospective NATO members; that these For the past 3 years, Senator MCCON- I also appreciate what has been done three countries would make an out- NELL and I and Senator LUGAR and oth- to fund IDA. Even though it is $950 mil- standing contribution to furthering the ers have argued that U.S. leadership lion, it is close to and goes a long way goals of NATO and enhancing stability, costs money. Senator MCCONNELL has toward meeting our past commitments. freedom, and peace in Europe should fought efforts in the House to cut fund- The same goes for UNICEF, a favorite they become NATO members; and they ing for programs that are vital to U.S. organization of mine, and other U.N. should be invited to become full NATO July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7533 members at the earliest possible date. poverty, hunger and disease. It is not So I hope those who are supporting The recent NATO summit in Madrid re- about abortion. It is about preventing this legislation, as I am, understand sulted in the member nations inviting abortion. It is estimated that un- that its investment and commitment Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Repub- wanted pregnancies lead to 50 million to international family planning and lic to join NATO. This was a dramatic abortions every year—abortions that also the children’s program is money breakthrough. I think it signaled the might have been prevented by family well spent, not just for the humani- end of the cold war and a new era in planning. tarian purposes which I have outlined the world, with those who had been our International family planning lit- but for very selfish reasons, for the fu- adversaries for literally decades now to erally saves the lives of children and ture of the United States. If we start to become our allies. We are seeking, with their mothers by increasing the time stabilize world population, we can also this amendment, Senator GORTON and between births and helping women to help to stabilize political situations myself, to increase that number of new avoid high-risk pregnancies. It is esti- and hope as well that we will bring NATO members by at least three, by mated that preventing closely spaced that kind of quality of life around the including the Baltic nations. births and pregnancies to very young world that we enjoy in most parts of I can tell you from recent visits to mothers can save the lives of 3 million the United States today. Lithuania that they feel this is the sin- babies a year. That would be a 25 per- SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS gle most important foreign policy chal- cent reduction in worldwide child mor- Mr. President, the final issue which I lenge which they face. They want to tality. will address in this moment on the make it clear that they look to the International family planning makes floor is in relation to an amendment West; they share our values. They are it possible for poor nations to provide which I am prepared to offer today but interested in this type of NATO ar- better nutrition, health care and edu- will not. It is an amendment which has rangement, which is not offensive in cation. been considered time and again in the strategy but, rather, seeks peaceful About 6 years ago, I joined my House House but has not been considered in resolutions, and they are hopeful that colleague, the late Congressman Mike the Senate. I had thought that it was this will create a new era of oppor- Synar of Oklahoma, on a trip to Ban- time to call up this amendment, but tunity for them. gladesh. It was an amazing educational after discussions with my colleagues This amendment is consistent with experience. One of the poorest coun- we have decided to wait until next current laws and programs, and I be- tries in the world, Bangladesh seems to year’s appropriations bill to address it. lieve that it is one the administration be living under a dark cloud. If there is What I am speaking to is a project can embrace. It is clearly not only in a natural disaster to occur, it is usu- known as the School of the Americas. our best interests in the United States, ally occurring in Bangladesh. And The School of the Americas was estab- but certainly in the best interests of these poor people who eke out a living lished over 50 years ago to provide the Baltic States, which are still in a are often victimized by these disasters. military education and training to very precarious position. Congressman Synar and I went into military personnel of Central America, I thank my colleague Senator GOR- the back country where the roads end South America, and the Caribbean TON for offering this sense-of-the-Sen- and we had to get out of the 4-wheel- countries. Given the breakup of the So- ate resolution on our mutual behalf, drive and start hiking to a little vil- viet Union, the training provided at and I am also grateful to the managers lage where we literally met with 50 this school is no longer appropriate to of the bill for having adopted it. women and their children who were the long-term goals of the United States or Latin America. This school INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING part of a project known as the at Fort Benning, GA, has been a train- Mr. President, I might go on to say Grameen Bank, a fascinating experi- ing ground for thousands of individuals there is another aspect of this bill ment in credit for poor people which who have been brought in from the which is critically important for the has now caught on worldwide. militaries of Central and South Amer- future, not only of the United States, After this meeting, one of the women ica and the Caribbean and trained to but of the world. I rise in support of the came up to me and, through an inter- become more proficient in their mili- funding in this legislation for inter- preter, spoke to me. She was holding a small baby in her arms, and she said to tary ways. national family planning. I can’t think We acknowledge the Army has tried me that she wanted to tell me some- of a single issue more threatening to to make changes at the School of the thing. I asked what it was, through the the future and stability of our world Americas by updating curricula and interpreter. She wanted to tell me than the present trends of population improving the selection process for stu- that, because of family planning and increase. The world’s population in- dents and the quality of teachers. De- also because of the UNICEF and United creases by about a quarter of a million spite these efforts, it is my belief that people every single day, and 95 percent Nations effort to save the lives of small the School of the Americas should be of the world’s population growth is in children in developing countries, she closed. It is an element in this bill less developed countries. In 1950, the and her husband had decided to have no which I do not support. It serves no world’s population was 2.5 billion; more than three children. It was a dra- strategic purpose. today it is 5.8 billion. In 1950, the aver- matic admission on her part to a pale- In the post-cold-war era, we need to age life expectancy worldwide was 46 skinned stranger from a country she strengthen civilian institutions in years; today, it is 65 years. had literally never heard of. Latin America, not the militaries. And By the year 2040, if current trends Those of us who think the money the school cannot overcome its horren- continue, the world’s population will that is invested in this legislation dous history and its past links to nu- double. The danger of overpopulation, doesn’t do any good should take the merous military personnel who have the problems that come with it—pov- time to visit those parts of the world committed human rights atrocities. erty, hunger and disease—will not go where it literally means life or death. These admissions are an embarrass- away if we simply ignore them. We can For her, it meant the baby in her arms ment to the United States and to our and we must address these problems by would survive. In these countries, with reputation as a leader in promoting providing family planning assistance their poor health conditions, many human rights throughout the world. to the poorest people in the world. times unsanitary water would result in The training manuals at this school And family planning works. Mr. children with dysentery and other in- as late as 1991 contained instruction in President, 30 years ago the average testinal problems who literally died for torture and extortion. Imagine, U.S. couple in the world had six children. lack of hydration. The rehydration taxpayers’ dollars spent at this facility Today, the average couple in the world therapy, as simple and cheap as it is, in Georgia, at a U.S. military base, to has four. International family planning saves these lives and gives these moth- train foreign military leaders in tor- is about giving people around the ers the hope that they don’t need to ture and extortion. It is incomprehen- world, especially in the world’s poorest have six children to have three survi- sible. countries, the ability to decide the size vors. And that, many times, is the No one has been held accountable for of their own families. International driving force behind large families in the fact that the U.S. Army was teach- family planning is about eradicating poor countries. ing training techniques which clearly S7534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 violated U.S. Army policy. The School Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask around to taking control of its Cuba policy of the Americas has trained leaders in unanimous consent that reading of the away from a small, self-interested lobby tactics to violate human rights and has amendment be dispensed with. group. done so knowingly and deliberately. It The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. President, I share Mr. Mead’s is well documented that this school’s objection, it is so ordered. views on this anachronistic stance that graduates have planned and partici- The amendment is as follows: we continue to take toward Cuba. pated in severe cases of human rights SEC. . TRAVEL TO CUBA. In my opinion, the one reason that abuses during the history of this insti- (a) PROHIBITION.—The President shall not Castro has remained entrenched and tution. restrict travel to Cuba by United States citi- has survived nine American Presidents Listen to this roster of graduates zens or other persons subject to the jurisdic- is that he continues to be able to point from the School of the Americas, fund- tion of the United States, except in the case to the United States as a menacing for- ed by taxpayers’ dollars: Panamanian in which the United States is at war, where eign presence and to call upon the armed hostilities are in progress in or dictator and drug dealer Manuel Cuban people to withstand the hard- around Cuba, or where there is imminent ships that they have to withstand be- Noriega; 19 Salvadoran soldiers linked danger to the public health or the physical to the 1989 murder of 6 Jesuit priests, safety of the United States travelers to cause of bad intentions and actions by their housekeeper and her daughter; El Cuba. America, as he would have it. Salvador death squad leader Roberto (b) SUPERSEDES EXISTING LAW.—This sec- If people, including so many of my D’Aubuisson; Argentinian dictator tion supersedes any other provision of law. distinguished colleagues across the Leopoldo Galtieri; 3 of the 5 officers in- (c) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec- aisle and on the Democratic side, be- volved in the 1980 rape and murder of 4 tion the term ‘‘United States’’ includes the lieve in the value of Radio Marti and several States of the United States, the Dis- United States churchwomen in El Sal- TV Marti, our broadcasting operations trict of Columbia, the Commonwealth of in Florida, which are intended to in- vador; and 10 of the 12 officers respon- Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the sible for the murder of 900 civilians in Northern Mariana Islands, the United States form Cubans about the way of life in the El Salvadoran village, El Mozote. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the United States and our freedoms Victims of these abuses often are the any other territory or possession of the Unit- and our liberties, then certainly in- most vulnerable of the country, the ed States. creasing contact by allowing travel by poor and Roman Catholic religious who Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, the Americans to Cuba would do even spoke out in defense of peace and social amendment I have just sent to the desk more. I think it is important that the justice. Given that the training manu- is a very simple amendment that would administration and others realize that als used at the school advocated tor- provide that the President shall not re- the Helms–Burton Act and this 6- ture, blackmail and other forms of co- strict travel to Cuba by United States month clock on issuing a waiver on the ercion, the atrocities committed by citizens and other people who are law- worst provisions of that act not be al- these graduates are predictable results. fully subject to the jurisdiction of the lowed to serve as the be all and the end The United States needs, in this post- United States, except in circumstances all of our Cuban policy. cold war era, to find a better way to where we are at war or where there are On June 19 of this year, I joined Sen- moderate the abuses of Latin American armed hostilities in or around Cuba, or ator DODD and a great many other Sen- militaries. Clearly, the School of the where there is imminent danger to pub- ators in writing to the President urg- Americas is not the answer. lic health or physical safety of United ing that direct flights to Cuba for the I think it is clear that this school States travelers in Cuba. purpose of humanitarian assistance be needs to be closed. If an alternative My own view is that our policy permitted. The subject of that letter is needs to be opened, let us restructure today, toward Cuba, is a holdover from not the subject of my amendment it consistent with our own human the cold war. It is an anachronism. It is today. I cite that as one example of an rights values. I will not be offering the out of step with the sentiments of the effort to improve constructive rela- amendment today which would close American people. And it is certainly tions between ourselves and Cuba and this institution, but I want to make it out of step with the best interests of to assist in humanitarian needs that clear to my colleagues in the Senate our own country. are real. and those who are listening to this de- We have gotten into a situation I do believe that one of the least jus- bate, that we will continue to monitor where the only attention that is given tifiable aspects of our policy toward the School of the Americas, that we to our relations with Cuba is that Cuba today is the restrictions that we will continue to make certain that every 6 months the President comes place on travel by U.S. citizens and they know we are watching what they forward and once again waives certain U.S. residents to that country. The do and the graduates they send to lead extraterritorial provisions that were right to travel is a constitutional the militaries of foreign nations. And part of the Helms–Burton Act that was right. It is one that the courts have we will insist, at every step of the way, passed last year; and at the same time recognized. It is one that we, as a coun- that this School of the Americas pur- that it waives those provisions, it try, have recognized and that we only sue policies that are consistent with assures Members of Congress and the interfere with where there is a national the best interests and policies of the Cuban-American community that it security reason or some overriding na- United States. plans to maintain a posture of tough tional interest that requires that we Mr. President, at this point, I yield sanctions against Cuba. So any efforts interfere with that free right of travel. the remainder of my time. that might be undertaken to promote a I attended a conference, Asia Pacific Mr. BINGAMAN addressed the Chair. constructive and humanitarian engage- Forum, 2 weeks ago at the Kennedy The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment with Cuba, or at least some level School in Boston. There were some ator from New Mexico. of humanitarian assistance to those in Chinese leaders there and some Korean AMENDMENT NO. 895 need in Cuba, all of that has been put leaders and some Japanese leaders, and (Purpose: To restore to United States citi- aside and lost, unfortunately, in our I was struck by the story that I heard zens and residents the right of travel to discussion of Cuban-American rela- from one of the Chinese leaders, the Cuba) tions. head of the Chinese delegation. He had Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I When the Helms–Burton Act passed been one of those singled out for abuse send an amendment to the desk and the Congress, Walter Russell Mead during the cultural revolution when ask for its immediate consideration. wrote an article in the New Yorker that occurred in China a couple of dec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there that I think sums things up pretty ades ago. objection to laying aside the pending well. He said: He was taken from his hometown, amendment? Without objection, it is so from Beijing, at that time where he Fidel Castro has survived the enmity of was a prominent leader in the univer- ordered. nine American Presidents. In concert with The clerk will report. his enemies in South Florida, he retains a sity, and he was sent to a very remote The legislative clerk read as follows: hypnotic ability to induce stupidity in Yan- part of China and forced to work there. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. BINGA- kee policymakers. That seems unlikely to He worked in a factory for 10 years dur- MAN] proposes an amendment numbered 895. change until the U.S. Government gets ing the cultural revolution in a very July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7535 lowly position. At the end of the cul- see if we can’t get more support. Let Mr. President, the third part of this tural revolution, he was allowed to me, at this point, Mr. President, with- amendment says that: take a more responsible position and, draw my amendment and send another (3) the United States Government shall not once again, begin to demonstrate and amendment to the desk and ask for its be prohibited from participating in humani- use his talents, but he stayed in that consideration. tarian relief efforts of multilateral organiza- factory for an additional 5 years after The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tions of which the United States is a mem- the 10 years that was required during ator has a right to withdraw his ber, where such humanitarian relief efforts the cultural revolution. are made in the aftermath of a natural disas- amendment. ter on the island of Cuba. I asked, ‘‘Why did you stay in that The amendment (No. 895) was with- part of China? Why didn’t you come drawn. So this amendment that is now pend- ing before the Senate would do these back to Beijing?″ AMENDMENT NO. 896 He said, ‘‘I didn’t have a permit. I three things: It would allow a modest (Purpose: To provide for Cuban-American amount of funds to be sent by a U.S. wasn’t permitted to travel.’’ You family humanitarian support and compas- couldn’t just travel. You weren’t per- sionate travel) citizen or resident to their family, for mitted, at that time at least, to travel Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I purposes of basic necessities—food, in China without a permit. send another amendment to the desk clothing, supplies, rent, medicines, and Mr. President, that refusal to allow and ask that it be considered. medical care—not to exceed $200 per people to travel is characteristic of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The month. Second, it would provide this oppor- Communist, authoritarian regimes. It clerk will report. is not characteristic of the United The assistant legislative clerk read tunity to return to Cuba for up to 30 States. It should not be our policy to as follows: days, again, by someone who has a rel- keep American citizens and American ative, a parent or a sibling or a spouse The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. BINGA- or a child still in Cuba. And third, it residents from traveling, except where MAN] proposes an amendment numbered 896. national security requires it. Clearly, would allow the United States Govern- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask there is no national security justifica- ment to participate in humanitarian unanimous consent that the reading of tion for us continuing to prevent travel relief efforts if there is a natural disas- the amendment be dispensed with. to Cuba by Americans today. ter on the island of Cuba, and partici- Let me also just point out this re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without pate in those relief efforts through striction against travel is an invitation objection, it is so ordered. multilateral organizations, not unilat- The amendment is as follows: to abuse. We have a lot of people in erally, but through multilateral orga- business in this country, in Canada, in SEC. . PROTECTION OF HUMANITARIAN EF- nizations. Mexico and in various nearby countries FORTS. None of these provisions threaten the who make it their business to facilitate Notwithstanding any provision of law to national security of the United States. the contrary, travel to Cuba by United States citi- (1) no person subject to U.S. law as it per- These are extremely modest ways that zens. tains to expenditures of money in Cuba shall we can enhance the person-to-person We made a little search of the Web. be prohibited from sending to his or her par- contact and humanitarian assistance You are supposed to search the Web ent, sibling, spouse, or child currently resid- which can begin to take United States- whenever you want to find out any- ing in Cuba small amounts of money (not to Cuban relations in a positive direction. thing these days. So we got on the exceed $200 per month) to be used for the None of these provisions violate the Internet. Here is a provision, Intra purchase of basic necessities, including food, spirit of the economic embargo that we Kensington Travel. It says: ‘‘Cuba trav- clothing, household supplies, rent, medi- have had in place these 35 years, al- el for U.S. citizens. U.S. citizens hold- cines, and medical care; (2) each person subject to U.S. law as it though I must acknowledge that I ing valid passports are welcomed as pertains to expenditures of money in Cuba in think that economic embargo at this visitors to Cuba for purposes of tour- relation to travel to Cuba shall be free to stage in our history is a mistake. None ism. Many U.S. citizens visit Cuba each travel without limitation for periods not to of what I am proposing here interferes year for this purpose.’’ exceed 30 days per any one trip to attend to with that economic embargo. None of This is what the advertisement on a medical emergency involving, or to attend these provisions help Castro to galva- the Web said: ‘‘When you arrive in the funeral of, such person’s parent, sibling, nize his public against the United Cuba, ensure that your passport is not spouse, or child; and States. They may very well help erode (3) the United States government shall not stamped. Instead, have the Cuban im- the support that he has been able to migration officials stamp a separate be prohibited from participating in humani- tarian relief efforts of multilateral organiza- maintain during this last 35 years be- sheet of paper and be sure to bring this tions of which the United States is a mem- cause of the failed policy that we have with you, so your passport won’t be ber, where such humanitarian relief efforts pursued during that entire period. stamped. To avoid difficulty with U.S. are made in the aftermath of a natural disas- So I urge my colleagues to support Immigration and Customs authorities, ter on the island of Cuba. this amendment. I believe it is a worth- do not return to the United States with Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, let while amendment and one that would any evidence that you have ever visited me describe the second of these amend- move us in a positive direction. Cuba. This would include cigars, rum, ments. It says, and I will just read it. Mr. President, we are coming on the souvenir T-shirts, postcards, tourist in- It is very short. It says: end of this entire century and millen- formation and other items.’’ Notwithstanding any other provision of nium, and sooner or later we need to Mr. President, this restriction is not law to the contrary, become realistic about the fact that enforceable. It is being abused. It is an (1) no person subject to U.S. law as it per- this other nation, Cuba, is 90 miles embarrassment to a great nation like tains to expenditures of money in Cuba shall from our border, and we need to try to ours that we have this restriction in be prohibited from sending to his or her par- develop a more constructive relation- our law. I believe strongly that we ent, sibling, spouse or child currently resid- ship. should eliminate it. The amendment I ing in Cuba small amounts of money (not to This provision would help Cuban- sent to the desk would do that. exceed $200 per month) to be used for the purchase of basic necessities, including food, American citizens in particular, but Let me also say, though, for purposes would begin to move us toward a con- of reality in the Senate, that we have clothing, household supplies, rent, medicines and medical care; structive relationship. I urge its sup- had a vote on this amendment before, port, and I yield the floor. essentially this same amendment. That is the first part. The second part: Mr. STEVENS addressed the Chair. Former Senator Simon from Illinois of- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fered this same amendment in the last (2) each person subject to U.S. law as per- ator from Alaska. Congress. I supported his efforts. I am tains to expenditures of money in Cuba in re- lation to travel to Cuba shall be free to trav- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, is sad to report that we only received 25 el without limitation for periods not to ex- there a vote scheduled at 2? votes for the effort to eliminate these ceed 30 days per any one trip to attend to a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- restrictions. medical emergency involving, or to attend ator is correct. So this year, Mr. President, I would the funeral of, such person’s parent, sibling, Mr. STEVENS. Does the Senator like to offer a different amendment and spouse or child . . . wish to speak on this amendment? S7536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 16, 1997 Mr. BROWNBACK. Not on this Caucasus, traversed much of the territory order the vote now occurs on amend- amendment. I have a separate amend- now within the countries of Armenia, Azer- ment No. 889 offered by the Senator ment I want to propose that the man- baijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, from Oregon. The yeas and nays have Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. agers have agreed to. It is a sense-of- (2) Economic interdependence spurred mu- been ordered. the-Senate resolution. tual cooperation among the peoples along Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. STEVENS. I would like to speak the Silk Road and restoration of the historic understand that the Senator from Kan- for a couple of minutes—I know the relationships and economic ties between sas is only asking for a few minutes. Senator is seeking recognition—on the those peoples is an important element of en- Mr. BROWNBACK. That is correct. Smith of Oregon amendment before the suring their sovereignty as well as the suc- Mr. McCONNELL. I ask unanimous vote at 2. cess of democratic and market reforms. consent that the Senator from Kansas The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- (3) The development of strong political and be given 5 minutes, and then the votes economic ties between countries of the ator from Alaska is recognized. commence then. South Caucasus and Central Asia and the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there AMENDMENT NO. 889 West will foster stability in the region. objection to the unanimous consent re- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I sup- (4) The development of open market econo- quest? port the Smith amendment, and I re- mies and open democratic systems in the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Mr. LEAHY. Reserving the right to mind the Senate that at the time of object, and I will not object, if we are the great upheaval in the Soviet Union, Asia will provide positive incentives of inter- national private investment, increased going to do that, the distinguished when the tanks rolled into Red Square, trade, and other forms of commercial inter- Senator from Virginia wanted an equal there was a group of people that was actions with the rest of the world. amount of time. prodemocracy from throughout the (5) The Caspian Sea Basin, overlapping the Mr. MCCAIN. I object. world which carried Bibles into that territory of the countries of the South The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- square and literally handed them out Caucasus and Central Asia, contains proven tion is heard. to the drivers of the tanks which were oil and gas reserves that may exceed The question is on agreeing to $4,000,000,000,000 in value. coming into Red Square, supposedly to (6) The region of the South Caucasus and amendment No. 889. The yeas and nays dislodge the new government. Central Asia will produce oil and gas in suffi- have been ordered. The clerk will call While I was chairman of the Presi- cient quantities to reduce the dependence of the roll. dential prayer group one year, I asked the United States on energy from the vola- The assistant legislative clerk called our former great symphony director, tile Persian Gulf region. the roll. Rostropovich, to come and tell about (7) United States foreign policy and inter- Mr. NICKLES. I announce that the his experience there. He told us of national assistance should be narrowly tar- Senator from Montana [Mr. BURNS] is these people coming into the square geted to support the economic and political necessarily absent. independence of the countries of the South I further announce that, if present and handing out those Bibles. Caucasus and Central Asia. What is happening now in Russia is a (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense and voting, the Senator from Montana direct reversal of the open-door policy of the Senate that the policy of the United [Mr. BURNS] would vote ‘‘yea.’’ for those people who believe that free- States in the countries of the South The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. dom of religion is an international Caucasus and Central Asia should be— GREGG). Are there any other Senators freedom. I do believe that the Senate (1) to promote sovereignty and independ- in the Chamber desiring to vote? should go on record in support of the ence with democratic government; The result was announced—yeas 95, (2) to assist actively in the resolution of nays 4, as follows: Smith amendment today. That is why I regional conflicts; urge its adoption at this time. (3) to promote friendly relations and eco- [Rollcall Vote No. 178 Leg.] Mr. BROWNBACK addressed the nomic cooperation; and YEAS—95 Chair. (4) to help promote market-oriented prin- Abraham Feinstein Mack The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ciples and practices; Akaka Ford McCain (5) to assist in the development of infra- ator from Kansas. Allard Frist McConnell structure necessary for communications, Ashcroft Glenn Mikulski Mr. BROWNBACK. Thank you very transportation, and energy and trade on an Baucus Gorton Moseley-Braun much, Mr. President. East-West axis in order to build strong inter- Bennett Graham Moynihan Biden Gramm Murkowski AMENDMENT NO. 892 national relations and commerce between Bond Grams Murray (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate those countries and the stable, democratic, Boxer Grassley Nickles regarding the targeting of assistance to and market-oriented countries of the Euro- Breaux Gregg Reed support the economic and political inde- Atlantic Community; and Brownback Hagel Reid pendence of the countries of the South (6) to support United States business inter- Bryan Harkin Robb Caucasus and Central Asia) ests and investments in the region. Bumpers Hatch Roberts Campbell Helms Rockefeller Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I (c) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘countries of the South Caucasus and Chafee Hollings Roth ask unanimous consent that the pend- Central Asia’’ means Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cleland Hutchinson Santorum ing amendments be set aside so I can Coats Hutchison Sarbanes Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Cochran Inhofe Sessions call up amendment No. 892. Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Collins Inouye Shelby The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, Conrad Jeffords Smith (NH) objection, it is so ordered. The clerk this will just take a minute or two, be- Coverdell Johnson Smith (OR) will report the amendment. Craig Kempthorne Snowe cause the managers have agreed to this D’Amato Kennedy Specter The assistant legislative clerk read particular amendment. Daschle Kerry Stevens as follows: I know Senator SMITH has a very im- DeWine Kohl Thomas The Senator from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] portant amendment that we are going Dodd Kyl Thompson proposes an amendment numbered 892. Domenici Landrieu Thurmond to be voting on, which I support. I Dorgan Lautenberg Torricelli Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I think he is in an absolute right posi- Durbin Leahy Warner ask unanimous consent that the read- tion to be stating in this amendment Enzi Levin Wellstone Faircloth Lieberman Wyden ing of the amendment be dispensed what our aid should be based on. Feingold Lott with. I rise today to bring to the Senate’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without attention in a sense-of-the-Senate reso- NAYS—4 objection, it is so ordered. lution another strategic important re- Bingaman Kerrey The amendment is as follows: gion of the world that is also being im- Byrd Lugar At the appropriate place in the bill, insert pacted by where it sits locationwise. NOT VOTING—1 the following: And these are countries that are Burns SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING SUP- transversed by the Old Silk Road. The amendment (No. 889) was agreed PORT FOR COUNTRIES OF THE The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to. SOUTH CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ator will suspend. ASIA. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I move to Congress makes the following findings: VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 889 reconsider the vote. (1) The ancient Silk Road, once the eco- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MCCONNELL. I move to lay it on nomic lifeline of Central Asia and the South Chair states that under the previous the table. July 16, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7537 The motion to lay on the table was law and practices compared with the treat- even have a waiver provision in this agreed to. ment received by Israeli settlers. This in- amendment. I should think that there Mr. MCCONNELL. Is the SMITH un- cludes discrimination in residency, land and ought to be a waiver—a national secu- derlying amendment now the pending water use, and access to health and social rity waiver. The President should have services. business? an opportunity to waive this provision The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Reading from the same United States under certain conditions. That is not in question is on final passage of the en- State Department report, concerning this amendment. What I am saying, I ergy and water appropriations bill, religious minorities in Israel: certainly don’t say critically of the au- under a unanimous consent. In civic areas where religion is a determin- thor of the amendment. My senti- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I had ing criterion, such as the religious courts ments, I am sure, are much like his in and centers of education, non-Jewish institu- hoped to speak briefly before this last tions routinely receive less state support the overall. But I think we make the vote to explain my reasons for voting than their Jewish counterparts. The status mistake when we vote without really against the amendment. This is a po- of a number of Christian organizations with understanding what we are voting on litically sensitive vote, and I did not representation in Israel has heretofore been in a matter of this kind. This is a very have the opportunity to explain in ad- defined by a collection of ad hoc arrange- politically sensitive matter. It is pret- vance. ments with various government agencies. ty difficult to explain your vote I am sympathetic to the concerns of Several of these organizations are negotiat- against this kind of an amendment ing with the Government in an attempt to Senator SMITH with regard to religious —pretty difficult. formalize their status. minorities in Russia or anywhere else. Attempts to establish meaningful negotia- Finally, I note that there are other The effect of the law recently passed by tions are ongoing. diplomatic methods that can be used to the Russian Duma is to discriminate Another paragraph, under the subject deal with this problem. When the Unit- against any religious group not recog- of—this is very fine print, and I have ed States was concerned about Jewish nized by the Soviet Government in some difficulty reading it—‘‘National/ immigration from the Soviet Union, we 1982, which has the effect of recogniz- Racial/Ethnic Minorities.’’ The State were able to greatly increase such im- ing the rights only of Orthodox Chris- Department report says: migration by using quiet diplomacy. As tianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism. The government— soon as the Congress enacted laws pub- This represents an onerous act of dis- licly attacking the Soviets on that Meaning the Israeli government— crimination against religious minori- matter, immigration was sharply re- ties within the Russian Federation. does not provide Israeli Arabs, who con- duced. stitute 18 percent of the population, with the I note that if the same standard in- same quality of education, housing, employ- The Smith amendment could well cluded in the Smith amendment was ment, and social services as Jews. Govern- have the same effect, and would only applied to all other nations, we would ment efforts to close the gaps between Isra- make matters worse for religious mi- be forced to terminate our foreign aid el’s Jewish and Arab citizens have resulted norities in Russia, as nationalist ele- to other key United States allies, in- in an estimated 180 percent increase in re- ments in the Duma may react in anger cluding Israel, Egypt, and Turkey. sources devoted to Arab communities be- to this action. These nations, along with others, could tween 1992 and 1996. Nevertheless, significant Mr. President, that is the expla- not pass the test included in the Smith differences remain. nation of my vote. amendment. This amendment, there- Now, Mr. President, I felt that Sen- I yield the floor. fore, discriminates against one nation, ators ought to know my reason, and I VITIATION OF YEAS AND NAYS ON AMENDMENT even while it claims that discrimina- certainly want my constituents to NO. 888 tion is its concern. Just as Russia know my reason, for voting against Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I should apply one standard in the case this amendment. I wanted to call to ask unanimous consent that the yeas of all religions, so should the United the attention of the Senate the prob- and nays be vitiated on amendment No. States apply one standard in the dis- lem here in rushing to vote on matters 888, as now amended. tribution of foreign aid with all other that we don’t clearly understand when The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nations. we come to the well to vote. And I have objection, it is so ordered. Finally, I would note that there are that problem as much as anybody. But Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I other diplomatic methods that can be it seems to me there is some inconsist- ask unanimous consent that Senators used to deal with this problem. When ency here in handing out foreign aid— HELMS, D’AMATO, HATCH, and BENNETT the United States was concerned about the American taxpayers’ money. be added as cosponsors to the Smith Jewish emigration from the Soviet If foreign aid is going to be used as amendment. Union, we were able to greatly increase an enforcer of human rights, then we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without such emigration by using quiet diplo- ought to be consistent. That is all I am objection, it is so ordered. macy. As soon as the Congress enacted saying. If we are going to be consist- f ent, my colleagues, remember that you laws publicly attacking the Soviets on ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOP- this matter, emigration was sharply re- may be asked one day to cut off aid to Israel, or to cut off aid to Turkey. Sen- MENT APPROPRIATIONS ACT, duced. The Smith amendment could 1998 well have the same effect, and would ators know that I have fought battles only make matters worse for religious on this floor here in support of Turkey, The Senate resumed consideration of minorities in Russia, as Nationalist and so I am not saying this with any the bill. elements in the Duma may react in animus whatsoever toward the recipi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The anger to this action. ent countries; that is not it. I am just question now is on the energy and I am not a strong advocate of foreign calling attention to the fact that we water appropriations bill, S. 1004. aid. I don’t carry a brief for Russia, and voted, in this amendment, to apply an The yeas and nays have not been re- as far as believing that religion should ‘‘enforcer,’’ if I may use that term, quested. not be discriminated against, I don’t concerning human rights, and it is not Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask think anyone in this Chamber would an enforcer tool that we apply consist- for the yeas and nays. feel more strongly than I. But let me ently across the board against our The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a read to Members what the annual friends. I don’t know how we can de- sufficient second? State Department report on human fend votes like this to the American There is a sufficient second. rights states in its report concerning people. The yeas and nays were ordered. I feel as strongly as anyone about re- Israel. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am grate- ligion. I am not of the religious right ful for the work by so many to reach Section 5. Discrimination Based on Race, and I am not of the religious left. I conclusion on this most important ap- Sex, Religion, Disability, Language, or So- cial Status. don’t claim even to be a good man. My propriation bill. Under the complex mixture of laws and Scripture tells me that no man is Senator DOMENICI has been a real regulations that apply to the territories, good—but this is another matter. And I partner and I appreciate his openness Palestinians are disadvantaged under Israeli hope that Senators know that we don’t with me and my staff.