Academic Studies in Engineering - Ii

ACADEMIC STUDIES IN ENGINEERING - II Edtor : PROF. DR. REYHAN İRKİN İmtiyaz Sahibi / Publisher • Yaşar Hız Genel Yayın Yönetmeni / Editor in Chief • Eda Altunel Editör / Edıtor • Prof. Dr. Reyhan İrkin Kapak & İç Tasarım / Cover & Interior Design • Karaf Ajans Birinci Basım / First Edition • © Haziran 2020 ISBN • 978-625-7884-57-0 © copyright Bu kitabın yayın hakkı Gece Kitaplığı’na aittir. Kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz, izin almadan hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. The right to publish this book belongs to Gece Kitaplığı. Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Gece Kitaplığı / Gece Publishing Türkiye Adres / Turkey Address: Kızılay Mah. Fevzi Çakmak 1. Sokak Ümit Apt. No: 22/A Çankaya / Ankara / TR Telefon / Phone: +90 312 384 80 40 web: www.gecekitapligi.com e-mail: [email protected] Baskı & Cilt / Printing & Volume Sertifika / Certificate No: 47083 Academic Studies in Engineering - II Edıtor Prof. Dr. Reyhan İrkin TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES Ahmet Emin KURTOĞLU .............................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 CODE GENERATOR MODEL FOCUSED ON RELATIONAL DATA MODEL AND USER MOVEMENT Çağla EDİZ ...................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION Ercan BULUŞ .................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 4 A DECISION MAKING MODEL BASED CASE STUDY TO PREDICT AND PREVENT POTENTIAL CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR TENDENCY: THE GENOM-IST PROJECT İnci ZAİM GÖKBAY....................................................................................... 51 Chapter 5 THE ROLE OF FOOD CHAIN ON THE RISING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA Mevhibe TERKURAN ..................................................................................... 71 Chapter 6 ASSESSMENT OF THE PERCEIVABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF ÖMERLİ DAM LAKE BASIN THROUGH THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LAKE POLLUTION DATA AND THE SOCIAL PROPOSAL TO CONTROL POLLUTION Muhammed Ernur AKINER, Nurdan AKINER .............................................. 91 Chapter 7 COMPUTER BASED DIGITAL GAME DESIGN AND EVALUATION FOR TEACHING CONCEPTS Umit ALBAYRAK, Sakir TASDEMIR ........................................................... 109 Chapter 8 DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A MULTI LAYER DIELECTRIC LENS STRCUTURES VIA THE USE OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Aysu BELEN .................................................................................................... 127 Chapter 9 REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY ANTENNAS VIA THE FULL WAVE EM SIMULATION BASED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Aysu BELEN, Fi̇ liz GÜNEŞ ............................................................................ 143 Chapter 10 NEW APPROACHES FOR KNIT-DENIM FABRIC DESIGN B U Nergis, C Candan, S Yazici, D Soydan, C İpek ........................................ 157 Chapter 11 VENTILATION OF DANGEROUS GASES for CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SAFETY Didem SALOGLU ........................................................................................... 169 Chapter 12 MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES (ECC) / ASPHALT CONCRETE COMPOSITE SYSTEMS Hasan Erhan YÜCEL ....................................................................................... 189 Chapter 13 A PERSPECTIVE ON HYDROGELS AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Nil ACARALI .................................................................................................. 203 Chapter 14 ECOLOGICAL PRINTING: SURFACE DESIGN OF LEATHERS TANNED WITH DIFFERENT TANNING MATERIALS Selime MENTEŞ ÇOLAK, Neslihan Fatoş ARĞUN, .................................... 215 Meruyert KAYGUSUZ .................................................................................... 215 Chapter 15 USING PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR BIOELECTROMAGNETIC APPLICATIONS Serhat KÜÇÜKDERMENCİ ........................................................................... 235 Chapter 16 HELMHOLTZ COIL DESIGN COMPARISONS AND NEW GENERATION COIL APPROACHES FOR BIOELECTROMAGNETIC APPLICATIONS Serhat KÜÇÜKDERMENCİ ........................................................................... 249 Chapter 17 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION AND DETERMINATION BEST-FIT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF SUSURLUK BASIN AND VAN LAKE BASIN, TURKEY Tuğçe HIRCA, Gökçen ERYILMAZ TÜRKKAN .......................................... 267 Chapter 18 DETECTION METHODS AND NOVEL SENSOR STUDIES FOR CORONA VIRUS Yeliz İPEK, Özlem ERTEKİN ......................................................................... 287 Chapter 1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON SOIL- STRUCTURE INTERACTION: Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines Ahmet Emin KURTOĞLU1 1 Doç. Dr., İstanbul Rumeli Üniversitesi, [email protected] Academic Studies in Engineering - II 3 Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize every as- pect of our life. The goal is to create intelligent systems that can learn and make logical interpretations [1]. AI has been the focus of research for more than half a century and it has applications in almost every discipline be it psychology, economy, mobility, engineering and so on. Machine learning and deep learning, the subfields of AI, are concerned with computer programs that learn from previous data and extract mean- ingful functions and/or patterns. Among these algorithms, artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) will be the focus of current study. Support vector machines (SVM) approach was originally developed by Boser et al. (1992) and is defined as an artificial intelligence learning method developed to solve classification problems [2]. Researchers be- gan using SVM to solve regression problems and named it support vector regression (SVR). In addition to its solid numerical basis in statistics and learning theory, SVMs are most up to date approach in text analysis, face recognition, image processing, and bioinformatics [3]. Artificial neural networks (ANN) approach is one of the artificial intelligence techniques developed by imitating the working structure of hu- man brain. Thanks to high learning ability of ANN, highly complex problems can be resolved in minutes. Artificial Neural Networks, which work only with numerical information, have the features such as storing information, learning using examples and producing information about unseen examples, classification and shape completion [1]. Both SVM and ANN approaches have been used in creating predictive models and solving classification problems in various fields of civil engineering [4-10] Engineering analysis includes the application of scientific analytic rules and actions to expose the properties and state of the system, device or mechanism under study. The aim of any engineering analysis is to guess the behavior of an engineering system under defined circumstances. In other words: given the input to the system what is the output from the system? The engineering system under analysis might be, for example, a simple elastic beam, a complicated nonlinear three-dimensional structure, mechanic equipment or a hydraulic network. Engineering analysis is the action of taking given “input” data and defining the physical situation at hand. But an appropriate set of handlings, converting that input into a different sort of data, the “output,” which provides the response to some questions of concern. In this study, SVM and ANN approaches are implemented to create AI models that predict the results of FEM analysis concerning soil-structure interaction reported in [11]. 4 Ahmet Emin KURTOĞLU Soil-Structure Interaction Most civil engineering structures are designed for earthquake effects assuming that the structure base is fixed to the ground (control point). The ground motion at the control point, termed as control motion, is typically calculated empirically based on variables such as the seismic hazard at the site, the design life of the structure, and local site conditions, but not ac- counting for the presence of the structure. For a structure founded on rock, the ground motion is almost the same throughout the supporting medium, and its presence does not affect the characteristics (frequency content, am- plitude and duration). Since the rock does not deform due to the forces imposed by the foundation above, the fixed base assumption is reasonable. For soft soil sites, the presence of a relatively rigid foundation changes the ground motion in the neighborhood of the structure, forces from the structure deform the soil, fixed base assumption is invalid and therefore, the re- sponses of the soil and the structure are coupled. This coupled response is termed Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) and its effects are described below. SSI effects can be best explained by comparing the behavior of a structure built on the rock to the response of the same structure on soft soil, subjected to the same control ground motion. Consider the soil-structure system shown in Figure 1 with point A as the control point. Both structures are identical and only vertically propagating SH waves are considered for simplicity [12]. Assuming that the two structures are equidistant from the earthquake source, the incident seismic waves in the rock below the structures are assumed to be identical. For the

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