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Broi 23.Indd DESTINATION-2 Осветени от свещите, лицата на четиримата музиканти плуват като четири Трубадурите луни в тъмнината. Поклащат се и пулсират в оранжево под монотонните ритмични звуци на психеделичната мелодия. на Аллах По периферията на кръга пред тях изникват фигурите на петима мъже. Смъкнали черните си наметала, те изведнъж стават различими в тъмното с белите си широкополи дрехи и имитиращите надгробни камъни шапки. Петимата правят малки опипващи крачки напред и започват да се 90 DESTINATION-2 текст aлбена шкодрова, фотография стамен манолов by albena shkodrova, photography by stamen manolov The Troubadours of Allah The faces of the four musicians hover in the orange candlelight, like four moons in the night sky. They shimmer and sway to the droning, rhythmical sound of their psychedelic tune. Around the edges of the circle in front of the musicians, five male figures materialise. Casting off their black cloaks, they suddenly become visible in the darkness, wearing loose white clothes and tall hats like tombstones. The five men take short, mincing steps forward, their arms folded across their chests, and then they begin to spin: slowly at first, then progressively faster. They gradually extend their arms, raising their right palms upwards to heaven and reaching down with their left palms facing the earth. They believe that this position creates a link between the divine and the earthly. The spinning continues to accelerate, until you can’t see their legs at all. The peaks of their long, tilted hats trace small circles, as their long, white robes balloon out around them in larger, rotating circles, ever increasing in circumference. After a while everything blurs together, into one gigantic, all-embracing, vertiginous twirl. The dancers spin on their axes in pairs; viewed all at once they gyrate in a large, pulsating circle. The whole world starts to resemble a centrifuge: captivating and intoxicating. This is sema, the ritual via which one of the most mystical religious sects of all times, that въртят – първо бавно, после все по-бързо. of the whirling dervishes, “gets closer” to god. Постепенно разтварят скръстените на гърдите The authentic religious ceremony is considered си ръце, като протягат дясната нагоре с a sacrament, and is almost entirely restricted длан, обърната към небето, а лявата – надолу, to members of the order. насочена към земята. Тази поза според тях The reason for this exclusivity is that свързва божественото с тленното. Постепенно for the Mevlevi, who belong to the spiritual те започват да се ускоряват, докато краката brotherhood of the Sufis, the ritual culminates им престанат да се виждат. Наклонените in personal contact with Allah; this is the върхове на шапките им описват окръжности, moment of truth, the most intimate and дългите бели поли се разтварят около тях, sublime experience in life. образувайки големи подвижни кръгове – все “Sema is the food of the lovers of God, for по-широки и по-широки. within it is the flavour of tranquillity of mind,” 91 DESTINATION-2 създаването на духовни течения в Исляма, базирани на неоплатонизма. Първото от тях е на Мевляна. Идеите на този либерален интелектуалец слагат началото на ордена на мевлитите и пораждат сродни учения, едно от които е разпространеното в България на алианите. Една от шегите на историята е, че самият Руми не само няма пряко участие в организирането на последователите си в братство, но и вероятно не би го одобрил. Толерантен и либерален по убеждения, в края на живота си той е дълбоко разочарован от своите ученици и предпочита те да се разпуснат. Роден през 1207 г. в град Балк в Афганистан, Мевляна изживява живот, достоен за латиноамерикански сериал с пророчествата, преселенията, привързаностите, убийствата и разочарованията, които го изпълват. Семейството му напуска родния град, след като Руми, тогава 20-годишен, сънува пророчески сън. Месец по-късно населението на Балк е изклано от монголски орди. Шапките на въртящите се дервиши The hats of whirling dervishes След неколкократни премествания символизират надгробни камъни symbolize tombstones Мевляна се заселва в Коня, където остава до края на живота си. През 1244 г. среща След малко всичко се превръща в едно Шамс-и-Табриз, странстващ дервиш от Иран, гигантско, всеобхватно, замайващо въртене. когото признава за свой духовен учител. И Танцуващите се носят около собствената тук настава кървавата развръзка на драмата си ос по двойки; и всички заедно се вият – ревнуващи от нарастващата близост, в голям, непрекъснато пулсиращ кръг. учениците на Руми убиват пришълеца. Целият свят наоколо започва да прилича на Шокиран от тази екстремна проява на центрофуга: опияняваща и повличаща. ревност, той се оттегля. Това е сема: ритуалът, чрез който една от Разигралата се драма прави услуга на най-мистичните религиозни секти на всички човечеството, тъй като в самотата си Мевляна времена - тази на въртящите се дервиши, пише един от най-големите шедьоври на постига “единение” с Бог. Възприемана като староперсийската литература – “Месневи” свещенодействие, автентичната церемония (“В търсене на Абсолютното”). През годините е почти недостъпна за хора извън ордена. Причината е, че за мевлевите, които принадлежат към духовното братство на суфите, кулминацията на ритуала е личният контакт с Аллах - мигът на истината, най- индивидуалното и най-важното преживяване в живота. “Сема е храната на обичащите Господа, тъй като в нея е вкусът на спокойствието на разума”, е казал Джелаледин Руми Мевляна, средновековен поет и философ и духовен водач на въртящите се дервиши. Неговите последователи са сред най- загадъчните в световната религиозна история. Някъде между X и XII в. философията на Плотин започва да се разпространява Дервиши в Пловдив в края на ХIХ в. Dervishes in Plovdiv at the end of the из Персия и Мала Азия, като подготвя 19th Century 92 DESTINATION-2 Мевляна продължава да изслушва молитвите на стотици пилигрими от Rumi continues to listen to the prayers of hundreds of pilgrims in his mausoleum гробницата си в Коня in Konya according to Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, a his disciples, and wanted them to disband. Medieval Persian poet and philosopher and the Born in 1207 in the Persian town of Balkh, spiritual founder of the whirling dervishes. in present-day Afghanistan, Rumi led a life In Turkish, Rumi is also known as Mevlana, worthy of a Latin-American soap opera: full of which means “our guide.” His followers, the prophecies, migrations, devotions, murders, Mevlevi, are members of the most mysterious and disillusionments. After he had a prophetic faith in the world’s religious history. dream at the age of 20, he and his family left Somewhere between the 10th and 12th Balkh. A month later, the town’s citizens were Centuries AD, Plotinus’ philosophy began to slaughtered by the Mongol hordes. spread in Persia and Asia Minor, paving the After several relocations, Mevlana eventually way for new spiritual movements in Islam settled in Konya, in Seljuk Anatolia, where based on Neoplatonism. The first of these he lived until the end of his life. In 1244 he philosophies to take hold was Rumi’s. The ideas met Shams-i Tabrizi, a wandering dervish of the liberal intellectual laid the foundations from Iran, whom he accepted as his spiritual of the Mevlevi Sufi order, as well as influencing master. Then came the dramatic, gory finale: a number of related doctrines, including the jealous over their increasing closeness, Rumi’s Alevi. disciples murdered the stranger. Shocked by In an ironic quirk of history, not only did this extreme act of jealousy, Mevlana withdrew. Mevlana himself take no part in organising his This drama did a favour to mankind, followers into a brotherhood, but he probably however, because in his seclusion Rumi wrote would have disapproved. A tolerant man of one of the greatest masterpieces of old Persian liberal views, by the end of his life the poet and literature, the Masnavi-ye Manavi, or Spiritual philosopher had become deeply disappointed in Couplets. The poet wrote much exquisite verse 93 DESTINATION-2 Над мавзолея на Руми в Коня се Above Rumi’s tomb in Konya is a huge, издига огромно изумруденозелено emerald-green minaret минаре той създава много изящни поеми, но този throughout his lifetime, but this philosophical философски и поетичен труд се счита за and poetic work came to be regarded as his опуса на живота му. magnum opus. Орденът на Мевляна е учреден от сина The Mevlevi order was founded by his son му едва след неговата смърт на 17 декември after Mevlana’s death, which took place on 1273 г. – дата, която последователите 17 December 1273, a date that his followers му празнуват като “Деня на годежа” на celebrate as the “Union With the Beloved,” the човешката душа с Бог. communion of the human soul with God. Дервишите, които се присъединяват към The dervishes who joined him perceived него, възприемат учението на Руми, твърде Rumi’s teachings as very different from различно от ортодоксалния ислям и най- orthodox Islam, and non-fundamentalist in важното – нефундаменталистко. Една от particular. One of the order’s central ideas was централните идеи на ордена е заимствана от borrowed from Plotinus: it says that God is Плотин. Според нея Бог е не само източник, not only the source, but also the purpose and но и цел, и същност на всемира. the essence of the Cветът не е сътворен от Аллах, universe. Unlike the а е негов израз, смятат суфите. Christian philosophy Вселената е проявление на of creation, the Sufis Бог и не може да съществува do not believe that самостоятелно извън него. the world was created От гледна точка на by Allah; rather, it правоверния ислям Мевляна is his expression. To е еретик. Още през ХIII в. той them, the universe is a се обявява за моногамия и за manifestation of God, равноправно участие на жените в and cannot exist on its обществения живот. own without him.
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