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Attachment 17.1 MA and BA Course and Related Texts Master of Arts in Buddhist Classics Lives of great monks and nuns . (2002). Berkeley (Calif.: Numata center for Buddhist translation & research. Nirvana sutra . (2012). Honolulu: Univ Of Hawai'I Press. Adorno, T. W. (1976). The Positivist dispute in German sociology . London: Heinemann. Ajahn, C., & Bung Wai Forest Monastery (Thailand). (1991). A taste of freedom . Thailand: Bung Wai Forest Monastery. Ajahn, T., & Ariyesako, . (1993). The Autobiography of a Forest monk . Nongkhai, Thailand: Wat Hin Mark Peng. Allon, M., & De Jong Collection (University of Canterbury Library). (1987). The Mahāparinirvāna-sutra (incorporating the Mahāsudarśana-sūtra): Being the "Sanskrit" version of the Pali Mahāparinibbāna-sutta and the Mahāsudassana- sutta ; a translation with explanatory footnotes edited in comparison with the corresponding Pali, with an introductory essay and a supplementary word index . Almond, P. C. (1988). The British discovery of Buddhism . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Apel, K.-O. (1980). Towards a transformation of philosophy . London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Apel, K.-O. (1967). Analytic philosophy of language and the Geisteswissenschaften . Dordrecht: D. Reidel. Appleton, N. (2010). Jakata stories in Theravada Buddhism: Narrating the bodhisatta path . Farnham: Ashgate. Asaṅga, ., & Dutt, N. (1966). Bodhisattvabhumi: Being the 15th section of Asaṅgapāda's Yogācārabhūmi . Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute. Asaṅga, ., & Wogihara, U. (1930). Bodhisattvabhumi: A statement of whole course of the Bodhisattva (being fifteenth section of Yogācārabhūmi) . Tokyo. Aśoka, ., In Nikam, N. A., & In McKeon, R. (1958). Edicts . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Aśoka, ., & Strong, J. S. (1983). The legend of King Aśoka . Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Aśvaghoṣa, ., & Hakeda, Y. S. (1967). The awakening of faith: Attributed to Aśvaghosha . New York: Columbia University Press. Aśvaghoṣa, ., & Suzuki, D. T. (1900). Asvaghosha's discourse on the awakening of faith in the Mahayana . Aśvaghoṣa, ., & Olivelle, P. (2008). Life of the Buddha . S.l.: New York University press. Baochang, ., & Tsai, K. A. (1994). Lives of the nuns: Biographies of Chinese Buddhist nuns from the fourth to sixth centuries : a translation of the Biqiuni zhuan . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Berger, P. L. (1967). The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociological theory of religion . Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. Bodhi, . (2005). In the Buddha's words: An anthology of discourses from the Pāli canon . Boston, Mass: Wisdom Publications. Bodhi, . (2012). The numerical discourses of the Buddha: A translation of the Aṅguttara Nikāya . Bodhi, . (2000). The connected discourses of the Buddha: A new translation of the Saṃyutta Nikāya ; translated from the Pāli ; original translation by Bhikkhu Bodhi . Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications. Bodhi, ., & Ñanamoli, . (2005). The middle length discourses of the Buddha: A translation of the Majjhima Nikaya : translated from the Pãli . Boston: Wisdom Publications. Bodhi, N., & Bodhi, . (2012). The numerical discourses of the Buddha: A complete translation of the Anguttara Nikaya teachings of the Buddha . Somerville, Mass: Wisdom. Boeckh, A., In Pritchard, J. P., & Boeckh, A. (1968). On interpretation & criticism . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Boowa, N., Sīlaratano, D., & Wat Pa Baan Taad (Udon Thani, Thailand). (2004). Venerable Ācariya Mun Bhūridatta Thera: A spiritual biography by Ācariya Mahā Boowa Ñāṇasampanno . Udorn Thani, Thailand: Wat Pa Baan Taad. Buddhaghosa, ., & An, Y.-G. (2003). The Buddha's last days: Buddhagosa's commentary on the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta . Oxford: Pali Text Society. Buddhaghosa, ., Buddhaghosa, ., In Burlingame, E. W., & In Lanman, C. R. (2011). Buddhist legends . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press. Buddhaghosa, ., & Ñāṇamoli, . (1999). The path of purification: Visuddhimagga . Seattle, WA: BPE Pariyatti Editions. Buddharakkhita, T. (1966). Dhammapada: A practical guide to right living : text and translation . Bangalore: Buddha Vacana Trust, Maha Bodhi Society. Buddhist Text Translation Society. (2000). Introducing the Avatamsaka Sutra . Talmage, CA: Buddhist Text Translation Society. Buddhist Text Translation Society. (2009). The Brahma net sutra: Bodhisattva precepts handbook . Oakland, CA: OpenDust, Inc. Bultmann, R. (1955). Essays, philosophical and theological . London: SCM Press. Bultmann, R. (1960). Existence and faith: Shorter writings of Rudolf Bultmann . New York: Meridian Books. Buswell, R. E. (2004). Encyclopedia of Buddhism . Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson/Gale. Campany, R. F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Signs from the unseen realm: Buddhist miracle tales from early medieval China . Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. Chien, C. (1993). Manifestation of the Tathāgata: Buddahood according to the Avataṃsaka Sūtra . Boston: Wisdom Publications. Clarke, J. J. (1997). Oriental enlightenment: The encounter between Asian and Western thought . London: Routledge. Cleary, T. (1993). The flower ornament scripture: A translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra . Boston u.a: Shambhala. Conze, E. (1994). The perfection of wisdom in eight thousand lines & its verse summary . Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. Conze, E. (1984). The large sutra on perfect wisdom: With the divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra . Berkeley: University of California Press. Conze, E. (1988). Buddhist wisdom books, containing the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra . London: u.a.. Cook, F. H., & Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. (1977). Hua-yen Buddhism: The jewel net of Indra . University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. Coomaraswamy, A. K., & Coomaraswamy, R. P. (1997). The door in the sky: Coomaraswamy on myth and meaning . Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Covill, L., Roesler, U., & Shaw, S. (2010). Lives lived, lives imagined: Biography in the Buddhist traditions . Boston: Wisdom Publications. Cowell, E. B., Chalmers, R., Rouse, W. H. D., Francis, H. T., & Neil, R. A. (1990). The Jātaka: Or, stories of the Buddha's former births . Delhi: Motilal Banarshidass Pub. In Cowell, E. B., & In Neil, R. A. (1970). The Divyavadana: A collection of early Buddhist legends . Amsterdam: Oriental Press. Davids, C. A. F. R. (1909). Psalms of the early Buddhists . Pub. for the Pali text Society by H. Frowde. Davids, C. A. F. R., Norman, K. R., & Pali Text Society. (1989). Poems of early Buddhist nuns (Therīgāthā) . Oxford: Pali Text Society. Davids, T. W. R., & Müller, F. M. (2010). The last days of Lord Buddha: With the famous Sukhavati vyuha, The land of bliss, a picture of Buddhist heaven . New Delhi: Lotus Press. Dhammadharo, P., & DeGraff, G. (1990). The autobiography of Phra Ajaan Lee . Bangkok?: s.n. Dilthey, W., Makkreel, R. A., Rodi, F., & Dilthey, W. (2002). The formation of the historical world in the human sciences . Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Dilthey, W., Makkreel, R. A., & Rodi, F. (1996). Hermeneutics and the study of history . Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Dilthey, W., & Rickman, H. P. (1976). Selected writings . Cambridge [Eng.: Cambridge University Press. Droysen, J. G. (1967). Outline of the principles of history: (Grundriss der Historik) . New York: H. Fertig. Durkheim, E. (1965). The elementary forms of the religious life . New York: Free Press. Durkheim, E., & Wolff, K. H. (1964). Emile Durkheim et al: Essays on sociology and philosophy . New York: Harper & Row. Eliade, M. (1967). From primitives to Zen: A thematic sourcebook of the history of religions . New York: Harper & Row. Eliade, M. (1976). Myths dreams and mysteries . S.l.: Fontana. Eliade, M. (1959). Cosmos and history: The myth of the eternal return . New York: Harper. Eliade, M. (1978). A history of religious ideas . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. In Eliade, M., & In Kitagawa, J. M. (1959). The history of religions: Essays in methodology . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Eliade, M., & Apostolos-Cappadona, D. (1985). Symbolism, the sacred, and the arts . New York: Crossroad. Eliade, M. (1976). Myths, rites, symbols: A Mircea Eliade reader . New York: Harper & Row. Eliade, M., & Trask, W. R. (1965). Rites and symbols of initiation: The mysteries of birth and rebirth . New York: Harper & Row. Eliade, M., & Trask, W. R. (1959). The sacred and the profane: The nature of religion . New York: Harcourt, Brace. Eliade, M., & Trask, W. R. (1964). Shamanism: Archaic techniques of ecstasy . New York: Bollingen Foundation; distributed by Pantheon Books. Eliade, M. (1969). The quest: History and meaning in religion . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Eliade, M., & Adams, C. J. (1987). The Encyclopedia of religion . New York: Macmillan. Fa, X., & Legge, J. (1991). A record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an account by the Chinese monk Fâ-Hien of his travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in search of the Buddhist books of discipline . New York: Dover. Faxian, ., & Giles, H. A. (2011). The travels of Fa-hsien (399-414 A.D.), or record of the Buddhistic kingdoms . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Freud, S., Strachey, J., Dickson, A., Freud, S., & Freud, S. (1985). The origins of religion . Harmondsworth: Penguin. Freud, S., & Sigmund Freud Collection (Library of Congress). (1962). Civilization and its discontents . New York: W.W. Norton. Freud, S., Pfister, O., In Meng, H., & In Freud, E. L. (1963). Psycho-analysis and faith: The letters of Sigmund Freud & Oskar Pfister . London: Hogarth Press. Freud,
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  • Beliefs of the Sacred Spirit: a Study of Possessed Ceremony in Kelantanese Village

    Beliefs of the Sacred Spirit: a Study of Possessed Ceremony in Kelantanese Village

    International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-5, Issue-2, Feb.-2019 http://iraj.in BELIEFS OF THE SACRED SPIRIT: A STUDY OF POSSESSED CEREMONY IN KELANTANESE VILLAGE 1EYO LENG YAN, 2ROSDEEN SUBOH Drama Department, University of Malaya, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - The Peranakan Chinese community‟s belief of sacred spirits and deities remains strong to this day. They worship these spirits in the home, in temples and the workplace to seek protection and wellbeing, and to be granted wealth and prosperity. These spirits and deities are celebrated in grand ceremonies every year as a way of commemorating and showing appreciation for their protection of humans. Utilising the field research method, this study was conducted in Kampung Pasir Parit, a Chinese Peranakan village in conjunction with the Datok Janggut (sacred spirit) site transfer which took place on January 5, 2018. This study aims to examine the process behind the „possessed ceremony‟ or known as „lok tang‟ by the local community, including casting some focus on intercultural relations. Key words - Sacred Spirits and Deities, „Lok Tang‟ ceremony, Kelantan‟s Peranakan Chinese, Intercultural Relations I. INTRODUCTION The Peranakan Chinese community are Buddhists and strongly believe in sacred spirits1 and deities2. They The study of spirits and possession isn‟t a new field worship various spirits and deities, including Datok of exploration and it has been observed that of late, a Janggut (beard), Datok Api (fire), Datok Kolam (pool) lot of researchers are becoming interested in as well as the seven „Datok‟ brothers, namely Datok conducting research into this area (Spiro, M.