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Magnoliopsida Magnoliidae Hammamelidae Caryophylidae třída podtřídy (úplné) řády (výběr) čeledi MR (úplné) Magnoliidae Droseraceae Hammamelidae Drosophyllaceae Nepenthaceae Caryophylidae Caryophyllales Dioncophyllaceae Magnoliopsida Sarraceniacae Dilleniidae Ericales Roridulaceae Rosidae Rosales / Geraniales Cephalotaceae Lentibulariaceae Asteridae Lamiales Byblidaceae + Liliopsida: Poales: Bromeliaceae: Catopsis a Brocchinia (Cronquist et al. 1981, Watson et al. 2006) čeleď bublinatkovité Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula Genlisea Utricularia Tučnice (Pinguicula) Charakteristika rodu: * květní vzorec: ↓ K(5) [C(5) A2] G(2) * typ pasti: lepivý list, dva druhy žlázek * lepivé (velké) + trávicí (drobné) * rozšíření: kosmopolitní krome Austrálie sezónní heterofylie – tvar, velikost, počet v růžici, anatomie, zpravidla střídání funkce jen asimilační s i masožravou stopkaté žlázy – jsou na svrchní pokožce, mají mnohobuněčnou hlavičku tvoří slizký a lepkavý povrch – obsahuje enzymy kořist lákána leskem, třpytem, pravděpodobně i vůní, hmyz se přilepí a udusí – utopí, kořist jen drobná přisedlé žlázy - všude mezi stopkatými, několikanásobně větší hustota, aktivní až po podnětu ze stopkatých žláz, tytéž žlázy přijímají tekutinu s produkty trávení listy některých druhů tučnic jsou pohyblivé – kapilára – trávení další typ žláz na spodní straně listů –příjem vody ze substrátu Světové rozšírení a diverzita tučnic 4 3 4 cca. 15 - 20 1 cca. 10 cca. 40 4 - 5 3 Zpracoval: Makoto Honda Podklady: Juniper et al.(1989), Komiya (1994), www.honda-e.com Schnell (2002), Stunička (1984) Pinguicula moranensis (Mexiko) Foto: Aleš Soukup Foto: Aleš Soukup Pinguicula esseriana Rozšíření: Mexiko Stát San Luis Potosí Pinguicula gigantea Rozšíření: Mexiko Stát Oaxaca Pinguicula gypsicola •rozšíření: Maxiko, San Luis Potosí • ekologie: kalcifyt, vysychavá stanoviště Foto: Lubomír Daněk P. heterophylla x moranensis Pinguicula primuliflora •rozšíření: USA Luisiana, Mississippi Alabama, Florida + praktika! ☺ Pinguicula antarctica •rozšíření: Ohňová země (jižní Argentina) • jednoletý druh • žilkované listy, žilkovaný květ Foto: Andreas Fischermann Pinguicula vulgaris rozšíření: Holartkis Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Pinguicula bohemica •rozšíření: původně celé střední Polabí, dnes 3 populace v okrese Česká lípa • Popis: Prof. Dr. Vladimír Krajina, RNDr. Miloslav Studička, CSc. Foto: M. Studnička Pinguicula alpina • Rozšíření: Palearktis + Himálaj •Kalcifyt! Foto: Marcus Welge Foto: Jure Slatner Genlisea • Charakteristika rodu: –květní vzorec: ↓ K(5) [C(5) A2] G(2) – typ pasti: • spirálovité pasti fungují na principu vrše • modifikované listy zanořené do substrátu –rozšíření: • sever Jižní Ameriky • jižní Afrika Foto: Marcus Welge Genlisea -příbuzná tučnicím - chybí kořeny – heterofylie - nadzemní - asimilace -přeměněné – lapací fce. - upevnění r. - příjem půdního roztoku s živinami -kořist zejména háďátka - lákání na prostor obsahující vzduch Studnička, 2006 Genlisea – pasti typu vrš – jednosměrný tunel lapací list podélný řez váčkem a krčkem pasti stopka žláznatý hřebínek trávicí žláza váček krček chlupy Slack, 1988 šroubovité vnitřní slizové žlázy rameno vstupy vnější slizová žláza do pasti Studnička, 1984 Světové rozšírení a diverzita rodu Genlisea 11 10 Zpracoval: Makoto Honda Podklady: Juniper et al.(1989), Fromm-Trinta (1989), www.honda-e.com Taylor (1991), Fischer et al. (2000), Stunička (1984) Fylogenetické vztahy Genlisea Genlisea hispidula (Jižní Afrika) Foto: Marcus Welge Genlisea aurea (Brazílie) Foto: M. Srba Vypěstoval: M. Studnička Genlisea violacea (Brazílie) •rozšíření: Foto: Marcus Welge Bublinatky (Utricularia) • Charakteristika rodu: –květní vzorec: ↓ K(2) [C(5) A(2)] G(2) – typ pasti: měchýřek –rozšíření: • kosmopolitní •především „Gondwana –počet druhů: cca 220 obě mikrofotografie E. Tylová mikrofotografie E. Tylová Utricularia – podélný řez pastí - rozdíly mezi terestrickými, epifitickými a vodními druhy slizová žláza záklopka anténovitý výčnělek citlivé chlupy velum vábící slizové žlázy práh dvojramenné chlupy čtyřramenná trávicí žláza Studnička, 1984 Slack, 1988 Slack, 1988 Polypompholix - měchýřnatka Slack, 1988 Světové rozšírení a diverzita bublinatek cca. 10 cca. 10 cca. 40 cca. 30 cca. 30 cca. 70 cca. 60 Zpracoval: Makoto Honda Podklady: Juniper et al.(1989), Komiya (1994), www.honda-e.com Lowrie (1998), Schnell (2002), Stunička (1984) Tři základní morfotypy: • vodní (akvatické) • (drobné) terestrické • epifytické / orchideokvěté Anatomie U. calycifida Většina orgánů pravděpodobně deriváty stonkového Sekce Psyllosperma původu: Ø listy, kořeny. ⇒ prýty (nadzemní, podzemní, asimilační…) Sekce Orchidioides a příbuzné pravděpodobně skutečné listy. U většiny druhů silně redukovaná vodivá pletiva. Výjimkou právě sekce Orchidoides a spol. Foto: Michal Porteš měchýřky Sekce rodu Utricularia Aranella Kamienskia Phyllaria Australes Lectiluca Polypompolyx Avesicaria Lloydia Psyllosperma Avesicarioides Martinia Setiscapella Benjaminia Meionula Sprucea Calpidisca Mirabiles Steyermarkia Candollea Nelipus Stomoisia Chelidon Nigrescentes Stylotheca Choristothacae Oligocista Tridentaria Enkside Oliveria Utricularia Foliosa Orchidioides Vesiculina Iperua Pleiochasia Sekce rodu Utricularia Aranella Kamienskia Phyllaria Australes Lectiluca Polypompolyx Avesicaria Lloydia Psyllosperma Avesicarioides Martinia Setiscapella Benjaminia Meionula Sprucea Calpidisca Mirabiles Steyermarkia Candollea Nelipus Stomoisia Chelidon Nigrescentes Stylotheca Choristothacae Oligocista Tridentaria Enkside Oliveria Utricularia Foliosa Orchidioides Vesiculina Iperua Pleiochasia Utricularia australis Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Foto: Michal Porteš Utricularia radiata • rozšíření: JV USA Utricularia foliosa •rozšíření: Utricularia Utricularia sandersonii sandersonii •rozšíření: Utricularia livida •rozšíření: Mexiko + Jižní Afrika Utricularia pubescens •rozšíření: Utricularia partehenopipes Utricularia parthenopipes •rozšíření: – Brazílie, Argentina Utricularia warburgii Utricularia (Polypompolyx) multifida •rozšíření: JZ Austrálie Utricularia humboldtii •rozšíření: Utricularia alpina Utricularia campbelliana •rozšíření: Venezuela (tepuis) Utricularia cv. ‚Jitka‘ Utricularia cv. ‚Jitka‘ •rozšíření: Pinguicula Genlisea Psyllosperma + Foliosa Orchidioides + Iperua (Jobson et al. 2003) Byblis (Byblidaceae) • lepicí pasti – tentakule podobně jako u rosnatek – na stonku, květu i listenech – jiné enzymatické složení • výskyt: – sever Austrálie – Nová Guinea •květy: – na rozdíl od rosnatek zygomorfní G(2) • Druhy: – B. liniflora – B. gigantea – B. rorida – B. aquatica – B. filifolia – B. lamellata Byblis liniflora (Severní Austrálie a Nová Guinea, jednoletá) Byblis gigantea (Severní Austrálie, vytrvalá) Cephalotus follicularis – rozšíření (Albany – JZ Austrálie), stavba, klony Cephalotus - láčkovice láčka (do 5cm), ochlupená lišta, boční šikmé lišty, víčko s fenestrací, vroubkované a zubaté obústí funkce řapík v horní části kopisťovitý list Cephalotus – řez láčkou - odumírající imbrikátní buňky na manžetě zesílené žláznaté pole prostor zatopený tekutinou (0.5ml) Cephalotus – lákání kořisti nejasné žlázy pouze trávicí, ve spodní části zesílených polí jsou hydatody zbytky kořisti žlázy fenestrace Slack, 1988 Květenství je na dlouhém stvolu, květy jsou cizosprašné, šestičetné okvětí, 12 tyčinek. Bromeliaceae • pouze tři druhy prohášeny za masožravé – Brocchinia reducta – Brocchinia hechtioides – Catopsis berteroniana • typický příklad protokarnivorie Brocchinia reducta Brocchinia hechtioides Catopsis berteroniana.
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