Volume 1, Issue 2 | 1st April 2019 PIVOT Quarterly Magazine of China-Pakistan Study Centre Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad Realizing Socio-Economic Development Potential of CPEC

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Pivot focuses on the developments in the region and around Pakistan, it debates on the forces impacting Pakistan and beyond.

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Streaming Live on Patron in Chief Chief Editor’s Note Amb. Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry n order to measure socio- economic development of a DBTV.Live country, the key indicators Chief Editor are Gross Domestic Product, Dr. Talat Shabbir Ilife expectancy, literacy and levels of employment. Factors Editor such as personal dignity, freedom Uroosa Khan of association, personal safety, freedom from fear of physical harm Associate Editor and the extent of participation in civil society are also considered Eeman Malik albeit in less-tangible terms. According to the 2017 statistics Contributing Editors of United Nations Development Program, Pakistan alarmingly Dr. Nazish Mahmood ranks 150 in socio-economic index. Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Mohammad Faisal 100 days agenda was largely focused on the revitalization of social Neelum Nigar and economic growth of Pakistan. The program aimed at creating Ali Haider jobs for youth, reviving manufacturing to facilitate rapid growth, reforming tax administration, building five million houses, boosting the tourism industry, making Pakistan business friendly Managing Editor country and transformation of key institutions. Dost Muhammad Barrech Of late, the government made efforts to realign the goals of Pivot focuses on the developments in the region and around Pakistan, Graphics & Layout Design Pakistan’s social and economic development with China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which is surely an engine of rapid it debates on the forces impacting Pakistan and beyond. Bushra Mushtaq Khan growth in Pakistan as well as manifestation of Pakistan-China

relations promoting inclusivity. Pakistan suggested new arrays Hosted By: Dr. Talat Shabbir Network Administrator and objectives of socio-economic and regional development Syed Mohammad Farhan under CPEC. The focus on trade, industrial development, poverty https://twitter.com/dbtvpivot alleviation, agriculture modernization, regional connectivity, Gwadar and Blue Economy would help enhance socio-economic https://www.facebook/dbtvpivot Contact Us Email: [email protected] impact. Though current agenda and efforts for social and economic Website: www.issi.org.pk development of Pakistan are laudable, but we need to mull over Address: China-Pakistan Study Centre the socio-economic models of the countries that have achieved Institute of Strategic Studies tremendous advancement in poverty reduction strategies, human F-5/2, Islamabad and economic development rankings. Chinese model in this regard Phone: +92-51-9204423-24 may be an exemplary model that may become the hallmark of ...... change and development. Chinese government has also echoed Printer its full support and commitment to Pakistan in the areas that have ...... Farhan’s International Printers potentials to impact socio-economic development...... 5-A Abbas Centre, Fazal-e-Haq Road With new government, multi-faceted cooperation with China has ...... Blue Area, Islamabad strengthened in various fields such as economy, trade, finance, Phone: 051-2150285 - 051-2278837 science and technology and agriculture. It is time for Pakistan ...... to enthusiastically pursue socio-economic objectives. Therefore, ...... Disclaimer Pakistan needs to improve its institutional mechanism and ​The views and opinions expressed herein strategize comprehensively to achieve the goal of socio-economic thedbtvlive ...... development. Indeed, China’s success story has inspiration for us to and references if any, are those of the writers dbtvlive ...... and contributors, and do not necessarily steer through. reflect the outlook of Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, China-Pakistan Study Centre or the Editorial Board of PIVOT. Dr. Talat Shabbir www.dbtv.live Price: Rs. 250 Pakistan’s First Internet TV TABLE OF CON ENTS Socio-Economic Impact of CPEC on Pakistan 10 Asad Ullah Khan Pakistan-China Collaboration in Higher Education 14 Dr. Abdul Rauf Book Review: Lisa See’s Snow Flower and the Secret Fan: A fictional introduction to the very real Nu Shu ‘Women’s Writing’ 17 Areeb Shah National Conference on ‘Pakistan-China Economic Relations: Next Level’ 18 Dr. Nazish Mahmood Qi and Yin-Yang Chinese Concept of Well- being 21 Zakia Aslam Visit of Delegation from Harvard Kennedy School of Government 25 Muhammad Faisal ISSI-CICIR Bilateral Dialogue 29 Eeman Malik Exploring Today’s China Asif Niazi This Issue 33 Bridging the Language Barriers 34 Farkhanda Shamim Girl Guides Visit to China 38 Zaheen Faisal Fusion of International Trends in Context of Pakistan and China 39 Sam Dada Roundtable with China Study Centres and Institutes in Pakistan 40 Uroosa Khan 42 Photo Gallery 46 News Brief 6 12 22

Political Economy Launch of China- A Conversation with of China’s Economic Pakistan Study Mr. Roger Lee Owner Growth Centre’s of Golden Dragon Muhammad Taimur Khan Magazine - PIVOT Restaurant Ali Haider Saleem Arhama Siddiqa 30 26 36

Cultural Integration Future Dynamics of Poverty Alleviation under CPEC Corridor in China: Lessons for Saadia Saif Niazi Dr. Hasan Yaser Malik Pakistan Dost Muhammad Barrech Viewpoint

Political Economy of China’s Econom c Growth By Muhammad Taimur Khan

he rise of China in the the cost of several significant increasing consumption levels in past four decades is entities, e.g. unprecedented China. an accomplishment in rise in consumption levels, itself. A phenomenon corresponding extraction China’s economic Tthat is unprecedented in activities, environment growth and poverty modern history. China’s degradation and dramatic shift in reduction within this economic growth and poverty values in China. period is more than reduction within this period is what most of the more than what most of the Extensive literature is available world’s wealthiest that discuss the sustainability world’s wealthiest countries countries were able to were able to achieve over the of China’s economy. Nearly all of that literature terms the achieve over the past past century. In the past couple century. of decades, China has been Chinese economic growth and development rates to be able to uplift more than 800 These rising consumption levels ‘unsustainable’, identifying the million of its people who were are accompanied by increasing production and distribution living below the poverty line levels of extraction, transportation, methods adopted by China as the before, according to Jim Yong processing of natural resources primary causes of the problem. Kim, President of World Bank. and consumption plus disposal of According to this literature, the This is a feat whose example final products. Taking a close look Chinese desire to maintain a high cannot be found anywhere in at this supply-consumption chain growth rate of Gross Domestic history. However, this economic within the Chinese economy, it Product (GDP) has facilitated the rise of China has been at can be seen that large amount of

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air, land and water pollutants of reasons/factors that propel argument of ‘Theory of the are being emitted. China’s case China’s rising consumption. Leisure Class.’ According to of emissions is so severe that Chinese economy is Thorstein, the HAVES in a it has not only endangered unsustainable but what has society subject to unproductive China’s environment but contributed to its unsustainable (economically) practices of that of the entire region growth is the increasing rate of conspicuous consumption and consequently putting a question conspicuous consumption (a leisure that does not contribute mark on Chinese economy’s value shift that is being witnessed to the society or economy in any sustainability. Currently, China for the past few decades). This manner while all the burden of is the world’s largest carbon impulse is spreading within China society’s functioning rests on emitting country. at an alarming rate. the shoulders of the working or middle class who are employed Further detailed analysis The above mentioned argument in productive occupations. of the existing literature on about conspicuous consumption Now building up on Thorstein’s China’s economic growth supporting China’s unsustainable argument, the practice of and development reveals economic growth is substantiated conspicuous consumption in the absence of the analysis by using Throstein Veblen’s China is contributing significantly

Source: https://visual.ly/community/infographic/economy/economic-growth-china

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to China’s unsustainability ultimately and the destruction of fail to introduce appropriate problem which will result in its society and environment. policy responses then societal an economic, societal and doom (economy included) environmental disaster. ‘Collapse’ a book by Jared is imminent. To this end, the Diamond discusses a similar Chinese leadership have Furthermore, Thorstein theme. Besides increasing taken several policy measures in his ‘Theory of Leisure consumption rates, Diamond to address the questions of Class’ describes the human has identified several other conspicuous consumption, propensity towards dominance factors that contribute to environment degradation and emulation that encourages the the collapse of societies environment protection as it was richest members of a society and economies, e.g. over- visible in Chinese President for conspicuous consumption population, climate change, Xi Jinping’s speech to the and waste. He adds that hostile neighbors and 19th National Congress of the seeing the rich class, the environmental degradation. Communist Party of China. lower and middle class people If we apply this hypothesis Nevertheless, unlike popular also have the incentive to copy on China’s case study, we belief, the central governments’ the rich class and subject to will reach the conclusion (of provinces) policies on conspicuous consumption that China is suffering from environment protection and and waste. As a result, there the above mentioned factors excessive consumption and is super-fast growth of the such as over-population, waste continue to subject to economy (as witnessed in excessive consumption and destructive types of production China), but at the cost of environmental degradation (to and distribution to fulfill the increased pollution rates name a few) and if it continues increasing market demands. and destructive reduction at this pace, its economy and in natural resources and society will collapse due to such The argument of conspicuous environment quality. unsustainability. consumption propagated by Thorstein, Kempf and Diamond Building up on this premise Chinese leadership is backed by statistics such given by Thorstein, Herve have taken several as that of the rising number of Kempf in his book, ‘How the policy measures wealthy Chinese households, rich are destroying the Earth’ to address the increasing migration rates reiterates the same point of questions of (from rural to urban China that conspicuous consumption is resulting in the creation of being the primary reason for conspicuous consumption, mega cities), and rising demand an economy’s unsustainable for energy. China now ranks development (in this case, environment degradation and 3rd in the world for having the by an economy it means most number of millionaires. the Chinese economy) and environment This has resulted in increasing ultimately its demise. Kempf protection as it demand for automobiles, higher talks about ‘Capitalism’ and was visible in quality diets, bigger and better argues that all countries who Chinese President housing and luxury items (all have adopted capitalism Xi Jinping’s speech coming under and encouraging value material gains over to the 19th National conspicuous consumption). It is everything else and since Congress of the estimated that energy in Chinese Chinese economy is pre- Communist Party of urban areas is consumed 350% dominantly capitalist now, it China. more as compared to rural areas is subjecting to conspicuous and 58% of that energy comes consumption that is supporting However, Diamond argues that from burning coal. its unsustainable economic if the leaders of a given society development/growth which will (in this case China’s leadership) In contrast to experts like result in its economic demise Thorstein and Diamond

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who argue that Chinese These experts also argue that growth rests in the hands of unsustainable economic the unsustainable economic the Communist Party of China growth is bound to collapse growth of China will survive (CPC). The CPC still enjoys in the upcoming decades due because the affordable influence over the Chinese to conspicuous consumption and accessible Chinese economy and practices strict and its implications, there is a products have made a place control over its functions. CPC cohort of experts who believe for themselves all over the holds the “mercantilist” view that China’s unsustainable world. These affordable and that economy is a tool that is economic growth will be accessible Chinese products used to compliment the strength sustained. They state that by (available in surplus) have of the ‘state.’ It is visible from applying the ‘Flying Geese made consumers addicted to the China’s political stance Model’, China is and will conspicuous consumption all and practice in the realm of continue to shift its industries over the world. They state that international affairs. China has to other developing countries even if the Chinese local market been using the size and reach in the world and will be able and consumers are exhausted, of its economy to achieve its to sustain its economic the conspicuous consumption strategic and political goals. (unsustainable) growth. By of Chinese products by adopting this, China will not consumers across the world will By applying the only help the economies of continue to generate profits for ‘Flying Geese Model’, the developing countries the Chinese economy and help China is and will (like it is doing with Pakistan its unsustainable economic continue to shift its via CPEC and other African growth. industries to other states) but will also shift its developing countries Likewise, there is an anti- ‘not so environment friendly’ in the world and will industries (coal power plants, thesis to the above explained thesis as well. Proponents of be able to sustain its as it is shifting to Pakistan economic growth. under CPEC) from its this anti-thesis believe that the Chinese infested global trend mainland to other countries. The China-Pakistan Economic of conspicuous consumption This move will help China to Corridor (CPEC) is a prime will come to an abrupt end as develop its new environment example of that dynamic. China other competing economies in friendly industrial base and, is capitalizing on its economic the world (such as American, ‘Green’ economy but will also outreach to mold the course of Russian, European and shift the international criticism international politics to support Indian) will give competition spotlight from itself that has development of collaborating to the Chinese market, plus been on China for being the countries as well as its own the increasing “consumer number one CO2 emitter and market and secure future consciousness” will also reduce contributor of international markets for its products and consumers’ faith in Chinese environment degradation, as merchandise. was highlighted by Chinese products due to its quality and President Xi Jinping during their own national economic Under President Xi Jinping’s his speech at WEF in 2017. fervor. leadership, China has the capacity and will to devise By doing this, China will still Regardless of the economy a sustainable growth path. be able to gain increasing being majorly capitalist in However, to emulate the profits as there would be nature, the political system of success in poverty alleviation, new markets for its products China is still communist. The Beijing requires further flexibility and more consumers for political economy of China’s in its policy making its market, ‘sustaining’ the unsustainable economic . “unsustainable” economic growth of China. The writer is a Research Associate and Media Officer at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad.

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Socio-Economic Impact of

By Asad Ullah Khan

he significance of is considered very vital for as it is the time during which economic corridors has economic growth of China and Pakistan by using its resources increased manifold in Pakistan. As far as the cost of might get in a position to compete the present era. China- this project is concerned, it is with world economies. TPakistan Economic Corridor estimated to be $ 46 billion, (CPEC) is a regional connectivity with an optimistic expectation CPEC is vital for venture that will enhance the for the completion period of the Pakistani business trade and economy, improve project by 2030. CPEC is of vital organizations and the infrastructure, overcome energy importance in terms of regional crisis, and help establish people connectivity which is very vital corporate community to people contacts between in the era of globalization and in which is providing China and Pakistan. The the wake of paradigm shift from them opportunity corridors can be referred to as ‘security’ to ‘economics’. to associate with the a tool to ensure better political and economic relations with the CPEC is a cutting edge socio- rising economy of the regional countries. CPEC is a economic initiative of Pakistan world. mega project, which is being and China in the 21st century that The project has to be handled wisely built with the aim to connect holds promise for the well-being if it has to turn in to a harbinger of the southern port of Pakistan of people of both the countries. change. The size of venture, capital at Gwadar through highways, CPEC venture should not be being invested combined with rail networks, and pipelines to construed as a monetary and Chinese skill of undertaking large China’s North-Western Xinjiang budgetary guide given to Pakistan scale undertakings makes CPEC region for connectivity. This but an inspiration for the two a potentially advantageous task. mega development project decades ahead. This time span for CPEC is critical for Pakistan Besides helping to address issues 10 AnalysisAnalysis

of Pakistan’s security and stability, set up and many Chinese industries relations, particularly in the wake a predictable inflow of large scale are relocated in the process. of CPEC. Both the governments Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) According to the Gwadar Port are endeavouring to create will assist Pakistan in improving Authority (GPA), Gwadar port will awareness with regards to its image. The economic activity potentially create 40,000 jobs with cultural ties and people to people generated by CPEC shall reflect commencement of port operation. contacts. An agreement to the country as a safe place to do promote culture has been signed business. Resultantly, Pakistan Pakistan needs to between Pakistan Television and might be in a better position to work on war footing China Central Television in China connect with other economies of to create capacity Press and Pakistan Information region and beyond once its own Ministry. CPEC therefore, will economy is set to perform better. to take advantage promote cross-cultural linkages The China-Pakistan closer ties are of the project like between China and Pakistan. likely to pull in Afghanistan and that CPEC because it has China Pakistan Economic could lead to further connectivity promise of prosperity, ventures involving Central Asia Corridor is a win-win cooperation and beyond. CPEC is vital for it pledges to foster framework for both the countries Pakistani business organizations socio-economic vision, that aims to address the socio- and the corporate community which it has potential to economic uplift of both Pakistan and China’s Western regions. is providing them opportunity to change life of millions. associate with the rising economy The purpose of this corridor of the world. In 2016, China had Around 60% of jobs created shall as of today is not of strategic a GDP of $ 18 trillion on PPP have local people of the areas expansion but to draw economic (Purchasing Power Parity) premise where job opportunities would benefits for the good of the and it has one of the biggest arise. CPEC therefore, will provide whole region and achieve fruitful outside cash stores of $ 3.6 trillion opportunities where access to cooperation through connectivity that gives it a great commercial basic amenities of life like banking, and economic partnership. A leverage to carry out ventures. It market, transportation, education developing nation like Pakistan is the largest global exporter with and health would be made possible. needs to work on war footing to value of $ 2.34 trillion and the third This will contribute towards create capacity to take advantage biggest shipper with yearly imports improvement in the living standard of the project like CPEC because worth $ 1.96 trillion. of the people and would lead to it has promise of prosperity, it development and prosperity. pledges to foster socio-economic After the initial phase of addressing vision, it has potential to change energy and infrastructure needs People to people contacts are life of millions of Pakistan, CPEC now enters the weak link in China-Pakistan . industrialization phase with nine economic zones being planned. This phase is likely to create The writer is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad. millions of jobs after industries are

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Launch of China-Pakistan Study Centre’s Magazine - PIVOT By Ali Haider Saleem

relationship to the forefront and congratulated the It is important to give a platform for the youth ISSI for reinvigorating the Center which she said is a and promote people to people linkages. To highly important component of the Institute. China is enable the young generation to carry forward Pakistan’s time tested friend and the Pakistan-China the legacy of Pakistan-China friendship is friendship has few parallels in international relations. ‘the need of the hour. I am confident that PIVOT will help in this regard.’ This was stated by Ms. Tehmina Janjua, Foreign Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pakistan,the Chief Guest at the inauguration and launch of the China Pakistan Study Center’s (CPSC) magazine PIVOT,organized by the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) on January 23, 2018. Remarks were also given by H.E. Yao Jing, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China. PIVOT is a quarterly magazine. Its aim is to project Pakistan-China relations, developments in Pakistan wants to give the world the message of diverse spheres such as policy, economy, culture, peaceful development and it is working hard to tourism. pursue this objective. Talking about China Pakistan Ms. Janjua said that the word ‘Pivot’ is reflective of Economic Corridor (CPEC) she said it was adding the relationship between the two countries since a strong dimension to the ties and will play an China is the pivot of Pakistan’s foreign policy and important connecting role in the entire region. vice versa. She said that the CPSC is fulfilling Simultaneously, it will also play an important role in an essential requirement that is bringing the bringing peace to the entire region.

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Dr. Talat Shabbir,Director CPSC, introduced the challenges in the present world. This encompasses magazine. He said that Pakistan and China are development of self as well as the development of the strategic cooperative partners with their bilateral entire region, he said. relationship standing the test of time and history. The rise of China in the global context and its economic Earlier in his welcome remarks, Ambassador Aizaz pre-eminence has propelled new dynamics for Ahmad Chaudhry,Director General ISSI, talked about globalisation and the common good. Pakistan, of how ties between China and Pakistan have become course, is fortunate to be playing an important role in stronger with time. China has created the necessary connectivity and prosperity in our region. mechanism to make connectivity a reality- the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the CPEC are examples of that especially at a time when there is the rise of anti-globalism at the international stage. However, considerable propaganda has been unleashed to undermine the cooperation of the two countries. It is in this context that the CPSC has embarked on this initiative to create awareness of the utility of the projects created by China besides highlighting the progress made by these countries.

In his concluding remarks, Ambassador Khalid Mahmood,Chairman BOG ISSI, said that the BRI Thus, there is a need to promote a better is not only a path of development but one of peace, understanding of the vision of the two countries, which will provide ideas to address security issues. focusing on all facets of Pakistan-China relations. Previously, commercial cooperation of the two He said that the aim of the CPSC activities is to countries had not been at par with the defence ties undertake pragmatic and meaningful research and and there had been limited people to people contact. advocacy to promote Pakistan-China relations in diverse spheres. In this regard, China-Pakistan Study Centre aspires to be a centre of excellence devoted to strengthening relations between the two countries.

During his remarks, H.E. Yao Jing congratulated the launching of the first issue of PIVOT, which he said is an excellent way to learn about Pakistan’s perception of the relationship between the two countries. He talked about the ‘pivot’ of the Chinese foreign policy, which is based on two principles: peaceful development which does not challenge international order and win-win cooperation based on dialogue and collaboration. Pakistan’s figures The CPEC is now providing a solution to both at a pivotal position in the Chinese new diplomacy problems and bringing in the economic dimension for peaceful development. He said that Pakistan as well as facilitating linkages between the two is a peace-loving country has always advocated countries. With regards to the magazine, he said that for peaceful relations with not only its neighbours the PIVOT is an important and timely initiative. The but with all the international community. China fact that it covers various facets brings forth new has a firm commitment to aid Pakistan in this. dimensions of the relationship and makes it unique Regarding cooperation between both countries, he and significant. said development is the key to dealing with all the

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Pakistan-China Collaboration in Higher Education By Dr. Abdul Rauf

hina’s strategy of to pursue higher education. On 5th November 2015 influencing the After the launch of China- Chinese State Council released world by ‘soft power’ Pakistan Economic Corridor a statement about a new instead of ‘hard (CPEC), the number of students programme aiming to improve Cpower’ manifests in its initiatives seeking bachelors, masters and capacity, quality and international in higher education aiming PhD degree programmes has ranking of Chinese universities. to attract a large number of increased manifold, with large It is called ‘Double First Class’ international students. China number of Pakistani students plan where forty-two Chinese has recently emerged as the supported fully or partially by universities have been selected most preferred destination for scholarships from Pakistani and to achieve world class status by Pakistani students who want Chinese governments. 2050. At present two Chinese

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universities, Peking University of 2018, around 2,700 Pakistani It is also important to note that and Tsinghua University are students were pursuing Masters Pakistani students are also included in the list of top and PhD degrees in Chinese hardworking and persistent in thirty universities of Times universities on fully funded their studies and research and Higher Education World Class scholarships from the Chinese it is a result of this hard work Ranking. Three Chinese government. that they have an increasing universities including Fudan number of research publications University, in addition to above Although Pakistani students which is an important factor for mentioned universities are are mostly studying medicine improvement in international included among the list of top and engineering in China, there ranking for Chinese universities. fifty universities of QS World are students who are pursuing Ranking. Forty-five Chinese diverse degrees such as those At present very few Chinese universities are now included in Computer Science, Business students are coming to Pakistan. to Asia’s top 300 university Administration, Finance, This needs to be improved. The list. Moreover, a large number Chemistry, Architecture, Civil Chinese government and other of universities moved towards Engineering, International Law, funding bodies can help students English as the medium of Broadcasting, Journalism to in exploring these opportunities instruction in order to attract name a few. as well. There are certain international students. Pakistani universities, which maintain good standards. This provides opportunity to Chinese students to take advantage of.

China has recently established offshore campuses of its universities in different countries, like Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos etc. Such campuses should also be established in Pakistan. There is a need to establish strong exchange programmes with Chinese universities including, joint research projects, student Graph showing top 10 destination countries for international student and faculty exchange. The total cost (including living Pakistan-China collaboration China has recently in higher education formally expenses) of attaining a medical started in December 2004 once degree from China is less than emerged as the most Pakistan signed an agreement US$ 30,000 whereas in Pakistan preferred destination with Chinese Scholarship just the tuition fee is much for Pakistani Council to send first batch of higher than the cost incurred in students who want 300 students in that year on China. Hence, it is not a surprise that China is attracting a large to pursue higher official scholarships to fifteen education. different universities in China. number of Pakistani students. As per the agreement, in the Pakistani students studying Pakistani universities should also following five years, this was in China are quite happy with engage in collaborative research followed by a group of 500 the standard of education in with Chinese universities to students to be sent to China on Chinese universities, which learn from their experience, official scholarships each year. encompasses the ranking of enhance research culture and For the academic year 2018-19, Chinese universities, the friendly improve quality of research in over 1,000 Pakistani students attitude of Chinese people Pakistan. It is also important to were awarded scholarships towards Pakistani students and attract Chinese students to study by the Chinese government, the increased job opportunities in Pakistani universities and universities and companies. As provided by Chinese firms. hence, promote people-to-people

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Table1: Showing cost of Higher Education in different countries. Note relatively low cost in China comparing developed countries

Country University Cost of Total Cost Cost Quality of % of Fees per Living per per year Ranking Education students year (US$) year (US$) (US$) Ranking who rank country in top 3 for Quality of Education Australia 24,081 18,012 42,093 1 3 25 Singapore 18,937 20,292 39,229 2 6 10 USA 24,914 11,651 36,564 3 1 51 UK 21,365 13,680 35,045 4 2 38 Hong Kong 13,444 18,696 32,140 5 7 6 Canada 16,746 13,201 29,947 6 4 20 France 247 16,530 16,777 7 6 10 Malaysia 2,453 10,488 12,941 8 9 3 Indonesia 4,378 8,527 12,905 9 11 1 Brazil 59 12,569 12,627 10 11 1 Taiwan 3,338 8,573 11,911 11 10 2 Turkey 1,276 10,089 11,365 12 11 1 China 3,844 6,886 10,729 13 5 13 Mexico 750 8,710 9,460 14 11 1 India 581 5,062 5,642 15 8 5

relations amongst the two These young people need to continuously increase. Pakistani countries. At present Pakistan is be educated and given jobs, students completing their education the fifth most populous country which may not be possible from in China or Chinese students with demography of mostly domestic resources. Thus, the completing their education in young people and children. Government of Pakistan must Pakistan will be of great support explore new opportunities to to CPEC projects as these people For the academic educate and employ these will be well conversant with the year 2018-19, over people. In this regard, it is local culture, language, customs 1,000 Pakistani important that Pakistani and working habits. It is also universities must collaborate with important to highlight key areas and students Chinese industry to understand anticipate the number of experts were awarded their needs so that Pakistani required in each field for future scholarships by the students may be able to get jobs projects so that desired numbers in China after completing their of professionals from each field are Chinese government, education. available. Moreover, it is important universities and to shortlist fields of higher education companies. It is believed that under the where experts are needed so that framework of CPEC, collaboration graduating students are utilised in between China and Pakistan will best possible way.

The writer holds PhD in Telecom Engineering from University of Sheffield, UK and is a faculty member at NUST 16 Book Review

Lisa See’s Snow Flower and the Secret Fan: A fictional introduction to the very real Nu Shu ‘Women’s Writing’ By Areeb Shah Authors: Lisa See recently picked up Snow Flower and Publisher: Penguin random the Secret Fan by Lisa See, a writer House LLC who pens historical fiction about China. Pages: 257 However, what I found in this particular Inovel was not simply a study of historical the Secret Fan explores Nu Shu in its events but a close study of an ancient historical and social context. Ms. See’s linguistic tradition that seems unique to novel follows the lives of the protagonists, China. The tradition I refer to here is Nu Lily and Snow Flower, focusing on how Shu, which translates literally to ‘women’s they build their friendship upon messages writing’. written in Nu Shu which they send to each other on pieces of embroidery and Nu Shu was a script of writing used by on a paper fan. The story focuses on the women in Jiangyong County in the Hunan traditions of sisterhood within Jiangyong province of China. Now a dying script, it county and how the women, despite being was used by women, who were historically confined to the inner chambers, built confined indoors, to communicate with their own covert spaces of empowerment one another at a time when literacy was and freedom within the structures that reserved for men. What is interesting here confined them. What I find most intriguing is that, considering French psychoanalytic about Ms. See’s novel is the emphasis feminism’s emphasis on the need to define she puts on the delicacy of the traditions a female language, here is a script that surrounding Nu Shu. She points out that is completely unique to women. These Nu Shu is delicate not simply in its form women, despite being isolated from but also in its interpretation. That is, Nu society, invented an independent system Shu, being a syllabic system, must be of communication. Cathy Silber says that interpreted according to context. Focusing ‘the emergence of this kind of phenomenon on this phenomenon, Ms. See’s novel is consistent with a very sex-segregated revolves around the interpretation and society’. In fact, the Nu Shu script was a the misinterpretation of Nu Shu and the reaction to the patriarchal structures that resulting effects on relationships that have characterized the imperial era and could been built on and sustained through the be seen as a symbol of Chinese women’s script. struggle for empowerment. Ms. See’s novel is indeed a book worth While the existence of this female-specific reading in that it not only explains multiple script opens up a multitude of linguistic Chinese traditions that were initiated possibilities, Lisa See’s Snow Flower and and sustained by women but also tells a beautiful story of sisterhood extending The writer is pursuing M Phil in across generations. Most interestingly it English Literature at International brings to light the Nu Shu script which is Islamic University Islamabad. evidently the only female-specific script to date. 17 Report

National Conference on ‘Pakistan-China Economic Relations: Next Level’ By Dr. Nazish Mahmood

hina-Pakistan Study Centre (CPSC) Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Director at the Institute of Strategic Studies General ISSI opened the inaugural session Islamabad (ISSI) hosted a one- with introductory remarks followed by address day National Conference titled by Commercial Consular of China Dr. Wang C‘Pakistan-China Economic Relations: Next Zhihua who spoke on behalf of the Chinese Level’ on March 6, 2019. The objective of the Ambassador to Pakistan, H.E. Mr. Yao Jing. conference was to generate ideas in pursuit of the socio-economic development agenda agreed upon by the leadership of Pakistan and China during the visit of Prime Minister Imran Khan to China in November, 2018. H.E. Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi, Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs graced the inaugural session as Chief Guest. The Conference brought together academics, experts, diplomats and representatives from various universities and organizations from across the country.

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and recommendations for policy-makers and stakeholders in both capitals.

Commercial Consular of China Dr. Wang Zhihua speaking on behalf of the Chinese Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Yao Jing, thanked the institute for holding a national conference on a theme of great importance for bilateral relationship. Emphasizing on Pakistan-China economic cooperation, he stated that besides being a trading partner, China is also the largest source of Pakistan’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for the past five years. He noted that first phase of CPEC under which 23 projects Welcoming the guests and participants, Director worth $19 billion have been either completed or are General ISSI, Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad construction. Chaudhry applauded the leadership of Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi for his conduct in handling the recent India-Pakistan crisis. Highlighting the unique friendship, Ambassador Aizaz underlined that Pakistan and China share an enviable history of all-weather friendship and it has deepened despite changes in international environment.

The bilateral cooperation has expanded from strategic domain to economic ties. He underscored that there is an emerging consensus that both countries need to further expand the He apprised that during the visit of Prime level of economic cooperation to areas of human Minister Imran Khan to China a new consensus development and it was in this backdrop that was achieved on expanding cooperation in the the Conference was conceived. Ambassador human and social sector development, hence Chaudhry hoped the Conference and its outcome next phase of CPEC shall stress on socio- with participation of speakers from all provinces economic cooperation with focus on areas like of Pakistan as well as representatives of various agriculture, education, health, poverty alleviation China-focused institutes and centres would and vocational training. He expressed hope that contribute in the form of actionable suggestions with the deepening of China-Pakistan economic

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cooperation, next level of our bilateral relations this Conference, where young minds, thinkers will not only benefit the two countries but also and scholars come together to interact and benefit the whole region. produce constructive ideas.

H.E. Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi, Following the inaugural session, the working Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs commended sessions of national conference commenced. the Institute of Strategic Studies for holding a The conference was divided into three national conference on a subject that is high on sessions. First session titled ‘Next Level the agenda of the government. of Economic Cooperation’ was chaired by Dr. Safdar Sohail, DG National Institute of Management whereas participants were Dr. Fazal ur Rehman of University of Sargodha, Dr. Nadia Farooq of Asian Development Bank, Mr. Yasir Masood of CPEC Centre of Excellence, and Mr. Muhammad Abbas Hassan of ISSI. The second session titled ‘Leveraging Regional Connectivity for Development’ was chaired by Mr. Muhammad Zubair Ghori, former member of the Planning Commission and the panellists included Dr. Huma Baqai of Institute of Business He congratulated the re-vitalized China- Administration, Dr. Zahid Anwar of University Pakistan Study Centre of the Institute for of Peshawar, Dr. Ghulam Akbar Mahesar of leading the series of activities to deepen University of Sindh, Jamshoro and Dr. Fida Pakistan’s partnership with China and welcomed Mohammad Bazai of University of Balochistan. constructive ideas for promoting tangible The last session titled, ‘Realizing Socio- economic cooperation between Pakistan and Economic Development’ was chaired by China. Foreign Minister praised the bilateral Senator Lt. Gen.(R) Abdul Qayyum whereas relationship between Pakistan and China in Dr. Khalid Manzoor Butt of Government terms of what President Xi calls ‘iron brother’. College University, Dr. Samina Sabir of AJK This friendship is premised on shared values and University, Dr. Saranjam Baig of Karakorum interests and Pakistanis regard this relationship International University and Syed Tanvir Abbas as a central component of Pakistan’s foreign Jafri of COMSATS University, Islamabad were policy. the panellists. Together, both countries are successfully countering forces opposed to regional peace. He expressed admiration for the sound advice by the Chinese leadership in the post Pulwama crisis for India and Pakistan to engage in a dialogue and resolve their disputes through peaceful means. Foreign Minister underscored that CPEC has infused greater depth to relationship with China and the leadership of the two countries has identified a new vision, a new development agenda that takes economic cooperation to a whole new level of engagement. The Government wishes to expand cooperation The speakers expressed their views on the to areas such as science and technology, subject and a question answer session was agriculture, social sector cooperation, blue held at the end of each session. In the end economy, people to people contact and cultural Ambassador Khalid Mahmood, Chairman linkages, and finding mutually beneficial ways of Board of Governors of the Institute thanked boosting Pakistan’s industrial capacity along with the speakers and the participants of the broadening the export base. In the end, Foreign conference Minister welcomed effective platforms, such as . 20 Perspective Qi and Yin-Yang Chinese concept of well-being By Zakia Aslam

i and Yin-Yang is cosmology pertaining to Yin and the famous Chinese Yang, the material energy from concept of well-being. which this universe is created is Qi is the material energy known as Qi. It is believed that the constantly adjust to one another, Qfrom which the whole universe is organization of Qi in this cosmology and are endlessly transforming one created while Yin and Yang are the of Yin and Yang has formed many into the other in an eternal dance of terms used to describe opposite things. Included among these becoming. When all of the Yin and entities. Yin and Yang are the forms are humans. Many natural Yang aspects of Qi are in harmony most known and well documented dualities (such as light and dark, with one another, there is health, concepts in Taoism. Taoism (also fire and water, expanding and well-being and contentment. While known as Daoism) is a Chinese contracting) are thought of as disharmony of the two aspects philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu (c. physical manifestations of the of Qi results in illness, pain and 500 BCE) which contributed to the duality symbolized by Yin and Yang. suffering. folk religion of the people primarily This duality lies at the origins of According to Yin-Yang philosophy in the rural areas of China and many branches of classical Chinese the potential causes of disharmony became the official religion of the science and philosophy, as well fall into two general categories: country under the Tang Dynasty. as being a primary guideline of deficiency and excess, so in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), order to achieve their treatment In Chinese philosophy ‘Yin and and a central principle of different goals TCM practitioners work in Yang’ describes how seemingly forms of Chinese martial arts and the direction of giving balance to opposite or contrary forces may exercises, such as baguazhang, every aspect of their clients’ life actually be complementary, taijiquan (t’ai chi), and qigong (Chi for which they have their set ways interconnected, and Kung). interdependent in the natural world, of therapy. Yin-Yang Philosophy and how they may give rise to each According to Yin-Yang hypothesis, actually operates on the principles other as they interrelate to one well-being is result of harmony of balance and moderation in each another. In Chinese cosmology, between two entities; Yin and Yang. and every aspect of life. the universe creates itself out of a In TCM, Yin and Yang are terms When people see things as beautiful, primary chaos of material energy, used to describe relative opposite ugliness is created. organized into the cycles of Yin qualities or manifestations of Qi and Yang and formed into objects (energy, pronounced as Chee). If Yin When people see things as good, evil and lives. Yin is the receptive is form, then Yang is function. If Yin is created. and yang the active principle, is material, then Yang is immaterial. seen in all forms of change and Everything that is Yin contains some Being and non-being produce each difference such as the annual element of Yang, and everything other. cycle (winter and summer), the that is Yang contains some element Difficult and easy complement each landscape (north-facing shade of Yin. There is nothing so solid or other. and south-facing brightness), the material (yin) that does not contain formation of both men and women some energetic vibration (yang), Long and short define each other. as characters, and socio-political and nothing so kinetic or immaterial history (disorder and order). The (yang) that does not contain some High and low oppose each other. symbol of Yin-Yang is Taijitu material substance (yin), even Fore and aft follow each other ‘Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate’. light has mass. Yin and Yang . The term is commonly used to are continuously changing; they mean the simple ‘divided circle’. The writer is pursuing her PhD in There are various dynamics Psychology at International Islamic in Chinese cosmology. In the University, Islamabad.

21 Interview

Roger Lee: The Golden Dragon restaurant was opened in 1975 A Conversation with and since then our family has been running this restaurant successfully.

Mr. Roger Lee A S: Why did you choose to be in owner of Golden Dragon Restaurant the food business? Roger Lee: My family was basically By Arhama Siddiqa in the hand-made shoe business previously. The food business n this age of globalisation, parts of the country so there was was an interesting venture so they we often neglect the idea a combination of flavour from decided to give it a try. It turned out of how did the concept of North and South China. Some to be a success story. food take shape? How did examples of the dishes one could Idifferent cuisines come into find on the Ming banquet table Golden Dragon restaurant A S: being? Where did it all start include roasted sliced mutton is famous for its Chinese cuisine. from? Food and recipes have and fried sheep tripe. Pakistanis, Where do the recipes come from? been passed through various particularly those residing in empires and dynasties. One Islamabad, can easily get a taste Roger Lee: We have tried to keep such example is the Chinese of traditional Chinese cuisine at the traditional Chinese cuisine in Ming dynasty also known as the one of the oldest restaurants in our restaurant. My wife looks after Great Ming Empire. The Ming the city, Golden Dragon. (The the menu and the recipes of the Palace was characterized by PIVOT team sat down with Mr. restaurant. Most of the recipes opulent banquets, sumptuous Roger Lee and asked him about come from my mother who has feasts, and voracious eaters. his enterprise.) been good at cooking. An uncle The imperial food of the Ming of mine also had a restaurant in and the succeeding Qing A S: How long ago did you come Karachi by the name of ‘Hong Dynasties had one common to Pakistan? Kong’ so the recipes used to be attribute: the major purpose exchanged between the two food Roger Lee: I was born in Lahore of diet was used to protect outlets and have been passed on and my father came to Lahore health which is why special within the family. before partition of the sub- ingredients were used to make continent. A S: Have you added Pakistani the dishes, passed through taste in your cuisine? strict scrutiny, keeping health A S: When did you open the benefits in mind. As tributes Golden Dragon restaurant? were sent to the palace from all 22 Interview

Roger Lee: Yes definitely. Roger Lee: Yes, CPEC The cooking style and the has brought in a lot of new ingredients of Pakistani and companies and with them a Chinese food are more or less lot of people have come to live Roger Lee: I think it would be very the same. The slight difference in Islamabad. Because of this difficult for me to go back and is that Pakistanis are more into influx, the number of Chinese resume normal life in China. spicy and sweet foods. We customers in our restaurant has have added Pakistani taste in also increased. But primarily The imperial food traditional Chinese recipes. we have majority of Pakistani of the Ming and the customers. A S: Which part of China do succeeding Qing you come from? A S: Have you ever thought Dynasties had one about expanding your business? common attribute the Roger Lee: I come from the : Southern part of China which is Roger Lee: I am sure the long major purpose of diet closer to Shenzhen. term prospects for such a venture was used to protect are bright. But personally, I health which is why A S: What is the difference believe uprooting and shifting is special ingredients between the food from hard and we are well-settled in Southern China and Northern Islamabad. were used to make the China? dishes. A S: If given the opportunity Roger Lee: I guess the major would you opt to go back to I am more than fifty years of age difference is that the food China? and have now become used to the from the South of the country contains more rice primarily because the climate is more suited for rice growing. In the North, food is oriented towards wheat so one can find bao buns and noodles in that part of the country.

A S: Why is Chinese diet considered healthy?

Roger Lee: In China, they have steamed food and more soups in the menu. In modern cooking plenty of oil is used because of availability and convenience but since Chinese are health conscious they use less oil. People in China also drink green tea as a matter of routine. Moreover, sweets are also taken in less quantity in China. By that standard, we can term Chinese food as healthy food.

A S: With the advent of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), do you have more Chinese customers coming in?

23 Interview

way things are done in Pakistan. So unless there is huge incentive, I believe it is difficult for me to take such a decision.

A S: What is the favourite food of locals of Islamabad?

Roger Lee: There are a number of food items that people come and order, if I had to name a few they are Golden Dragon Special A S: Were you born in Pakistan A S: Do you miss China? Soup, Hot and Sour Soup, Dried as well? Beef with Chillies and Chicken Roger Lee: Not much, I have Manchurian. Roger Lee: No, I came from become used to the life in China in 1996 as a student. I Islamabad. My mother lives with Golden Dragon dumplings and did my language course from us and previously my father also hand-made noodles are also National University of Modern worked and lived here. very popular amongst locals of Languages (NUML) and then Islamabad. proceeded to study Information A S: Do you like spicy food? Technology from Beacon House What Pakistani cuisine is your A S: There seems to be no Informatics. favourite? Chinese in your work staff. Have you thought about bringing The cooking style and Roger Lee: My husband’s Chinese to work in your kitchens? favourite dish is Aloo Gosht and the ingredients of I like Takka Tak. Roger Lee: No, I haven’t thought Pakistani and Chinese of bringing any Chinese to work for food are more or less A S: Have you travelled to other the restaurant. It is easier to hire a parts of Pakistan? cook from the local areas and train the same. The slight them. difference is that Roger Lee: Yes, I have visited all Pakistanis are more the major cities of Pakistan but I The PIVOT team also had the like Islamabad the most as it is a into spicy and sweet opportunity to have a conversation nice, peaceful place. with Mrs. Lee. foods.

The writer tweets @arhama_siddiqa and maintains a food website www.chakhoous.com.

24 Report

Visit of Delegation from Harvard Kennedy School of Government By Muhammad Faisal

40 - member delegation of graduate students and alumni from Harvard Kennedy School of Government visited China-Pakistan Study Centre (CPSC) atA the Institute of Strategic Studies on March 20, 2019. The delegation represented 24 countries, including the USA, China, Germany, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Columbia and Singapore. Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Director-General ISSI briefed delegation on the prevailing international and regional environment. Dr. Talat Shabbir, Director CPSC briefed the delegation on the vision, details and future potential of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It was followed by an interactive session, where delegates asked pertinent questions about the regional issues and Pakistan foreign and economic policies.

25 View point

Cultural Integration under CPEC

By Saadia Saif Niazi

26 View point

Pakistan is a country of diverse cultures, traditions with almost 73 different dialects. CPEC is also said to be a combination of three Cs i.e. connectivity, corridor linkages and culture relationship between two states. Cultural harmony is essential for the integration between China and Pakistan whereas both societies have two entirely diverse socio-cultural structures. In the recent past China has initiated measures and there was a visible commitment to promote people- to-people contacts and cultural linkages under its cooperation priorities in CPEC. Culture or any activity related to people to people engagement in the context of Pakistan and China shall have negative effects if not transmitted in positive

ultural exchange and promoting manner. people-to-people bond is one of Pakistan has also made effort for the the cooperative priorities of China’s cultural integration corresponding to China’s revolutionary idea of connectivity initiatives. First effort has been made by CBelt and Road Initiative (BRI). China Pakistan the Chinese government in establishing the Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an initiative Confucius Institutes. The year 2005 was towards attaining ‘Greater Connectivity’ significant in this regard as first Confucius through roads, railways and maritime routes Institute in Pakistan which is also first in between Beijing and Islamabad which is also Islamic world, was established in National one of the economic corridors from other then University of Modern Languages (NUML), six economic corridors of China’s BRI. Islamabad, with the name of Confucius Institute of Islamabad (CII). The Confucius Institute has been making great contribution towards addressing the most important issue ‘language barrier’. Other than Confucius Institute, China Radio International (CRI) is an important platform that is contributing to bridge this communication gap. CRI is Chinese state owned international broadcaster established in 1941 and since then it has been playing the role of an effective communicator. Today, CRI broadcasts in thirty-eight international

27 View point

case, people wishing to advance a negative narrative shall have a free run. The terms like ‘cultural invasion’ are coined to support such narrative. With regards to culture, what must be understood is that diversity is the outcome of fusion of two or more cultures. The dream of cultural integration would only become true if both the countries jointly

languages from twenty-seven overseas take up culture as bureaus it has established across the world. important facet of In addition to this, to eliminate the barriers of their relations and language the Government of Pakistan wants to publish a comprehensive Urdu-Chinese take measures to dictionary. Currently, a lot of writers have promote both the personally published dictionaries just to create harmony and understanding with the cultures. Chinese language. To conclude, in the context of Pakistan-China relations, we know culture has been an area With a view to foster people to people which was paid least attention in the past. contact, various programs and schemes There are questions to be addressed as to have been initiated. China Scholarship whether this cultural engagement is a two Council (CSC), entrusted by the Ministry of way process? In Pakistan, showing Chinese Education of the People’s Republic of China cultural content has become a regular feature (MOE), is responsible for the enrollment and in media. Does Chinese media also show the administration of Chinese Government Pakistani cultural content on their screen? scholarship programs. All scholarships have The dream of cultural integration would only been planned with the objective of bridging become true if both the countries jointly cultural gap between Beijing and Islamabad. take up culture as important facet of their Media in today’s day and age has become relationship and take measures to promote an effective tool for shaping opinion. Culture both the cultures. or any activity related to people to people engagement in the context of Pakistan The writer is Lecturer of International and China shall have negative effects if Relations at National University not transmitted in positive manner. In that of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 28 Report ISSI-CICIR Bilateral Dialogue By Eeman Malik

n the invitation of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a three- member delegation from the OInstitute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI) headed by Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Director General ISSI along with Mr. Najam Rafique, Director Research ISSI and Dr. Talat Shabbir, Director China- Pakistan Study Centre (CPSC), ISSI, visited Beijing from January 13 to January 18 with a one-day visit to Xian on January 2019. On January 14, CICIR-ISSI dialogue was held at CICIR.

Apart from the CICIR-ISSI dialogue, the delegation also held meetings with China Institute for International Strategic Studies (CIISS) hosted by Maj. Gen (Retd) Gong Xianfu, Vice Chairman of CIISS. During the interactions, issues of global and regional concerns were discussed with specific focus on China-Pakistan bilateral relations.

The discussions were insightful and instructive. Both, Pakistan and China reiterated the importance of their bilateral ties as well as measures to uphold their relationship. ISSI extended its appreciations to CICIR for hosting a constructive and fruitful dialogue.

29 Opinion Future Dynamics of Corridor By Dr. Hasan Yaser Malik

hina Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the most vital corridor of could emerge as concerns Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as it links for CPEC. Firstly KKH runs Land Silk Route with Maritime Silk in an area where constant push CRoute thus it is full of regional and extra regional between Indo-Pakistan and Eurasian interests and concerns. Hence it will be prudent plates is causing highest seismic activity. to understand few futuristic dynamics of CPEC and their implications for the project which has A horizontal link from promise for the prosperity of our generations. Chitral to Gilgit via Mastuj and Gahkhuch already exists, Karakoram Highway (KKH) that is a pivotal link however it also needs to be of CPEC in the ambit of BRI, was constructed improved. It is imperative from 1958 to 1978. The construction of 804 km long KKH from Khunjerab to Hassan Abdal is for Pakistan Government to symbol of friendship and this symbol was chalked take an early and pragmatic with the sacrifices of 806 lives. It is imperative to start for improvement of the understand that this vital link running along Indus proposed route. River; passing through Karakoram and Himalayan The 2005 earthquake measuring 7.5 on Richter Mountain Range, scaling heights up to 14,199 scale played havoc in Azad Jammu and Kashmir feet and extreme cold temperatures down to -30 and Kaghan, in 1974 Pattan was completely Celsius is likely to face a few problems which 30 Opinion

Proposed Chitral River alignment as an alternate to KKH

Map-1(Proposed Alignment of Chitral River Valley Axis) destroyed, Shishkat and Hunza were rocked in route to KKH. Route along Chitral River Valley 1974 and lately in 2010, 21 km long and 330 feet can originate from Baroghil Pass in Hindu Kush deep Attabad Lake was formed near Karimabad. Mountain Range (South of Wakhan Corridor) Second facet is the ever increasing heavy traffic and while passing through Mastuj, Booni and load which is adversely affecting traffic flow. It is Chitral it links up with M-1 south of Mardan. The estimated that since 1978, traffic has increased proposed route apart from being an alternate can by about ten times, however apart from 180 km also augment the existing KKH. It will be further long Hazara Motorway no major expansion has 135 km away from ‘Line of Actual Contact’ and been done on the KKH. Increasing traffic load; the distance to link with M-1 will be about 300 km especially the heavy trucks have already doubled lesser as compared to KKH. A horizontal the travelling time between Abbottabad and link from Chitral to Gilgit via Islamabad. Thirdly; the alignment of KKH runs 95 Mastuj and Gahkhuch km closer to ‘Line of Actual Contact’ with India as already exists, compared to the proposed alternate route along however Chitral River Axis.

Considering the aspects mentioned above, it will be prudent to adopt an alternate

31 Opinion

it also needs to be improved. It is imperative Pakistan-German for Pakistan Government to take an early and Relations were established in pragmatic start for improvement of the proposed 1950 principally basing on aspects of route. mutual friendship, culture, social and economic development. My second take on in this piece is expansion of CPEC to concerned or important parties. Germany has been making Germany has economic as well as diplomatic efforts to support Pakistani relations with China, Afghanistan and Central trade with EU for provision Asian Republics and it is the biggest European of greater market access. economic power and is asserting to enhance As Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its economic and diplomatic relations in Asian Japan, South Korea and Iran Region. Apart from establishing trade link with China and Central Asia it will be prudent to have have also shown interest for access to Indo-Pacific Region along Chitral River investment in Gwadar Port Axis in Pakistan through Gwadar Port. This route so Germany could be another will provide land and sea access for Germany to stakeholder coming on board millions of Asians and will enhance its influence for potential trade and in Indo-Pacific Region. Germany is an expanding investments in CPEC related economy so it needs to enhance its trade beyond projects. Europe especially in Asia and Indo-Pacific Region. Presently Germany is enhancing its trade In 1970, both countries singed ‘Strategic and relations with China and Leipzig-Chongqing 8000 Military Training Pact’ and in 1990 Pakistan- Km long railway is one of the vital links. German Business Forum was established. Germany has been making efforts to support Sino-German relations have been wide ranging Pakistani trade with EU for provision of greater since 1972. Presently around 5000 German market access. As Saudi Arabia, Japan, South companies are working in China and 900 Chinese Korea and Iran have also shown interest for companies are working in Germany. Beijing is investment in Gwadar Port so Germany the second largest export market for Berlin as could be another stakeholder Germany alone exports about 50 per cent of coming on board for potential total EU export to China. Frankfurt has become a trade and investments clearance hub for RMB by name of China-Europe in CPEC related International Exchange. projects.

Dr. Hasan Yaser Malik holds PhD in International Relations and is an expert on BRI, CPEC and maritime issues.

32 View point Exploring

hina, once called a sleeping giant, is By Asif Niazi fully awake. Its overwhelming economic passionate travellers and tourists; and public resorts growth has abruptly disturbed the power are often flooded with people. equilibrium, not only in the region but also Cworldwide. China has traversed the century long The constraining problem that needs to be addressed distances in a couple of decades. This was made is the language barrier. To attract the customers possible by the committed leadership that very aptly from all over the world and to give international identified and capitalized on their strengths and made tourists an opportunity to visit one of the world’s most leaps after the cold war era. They not only surprised beautiful and scenic places, China must reorganize the world by their technological advancements and their tourist department. China should establish human resource management but also have become their tourist service centres in a convenient manner model in perseverance and commitment. China’s with sufficient material on the languages most of the booming economy has unveiled new facets of human international tourists understand. They should have development through a blend of communism and the sufficient understandable road signs, city maps, free market economy. communication network charts, tourist guides etc. to guide and conduct the international travellers. China, one of the oldest civilizations is blessed Although the natives are hospitable and forthcoming with a huge land mass having plenty of natural by nature, the language barrier prevents them from resources. Corruption was referred to as a heinous being ideal hosts. crime or mother of all crimes to be dealt with capital punishments. The Chinese saved each penny for their Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an ambitious development and enforced strict economic discipline program that connects for cooperation nearly 68 to attain their economic goals. Once opium eaters countries of Asia, Europe and Africa. China Pakistan did not forget the saga of their miseries at the hands Economic Corridor is also part of BRI that is a of imperialists and would still narrate the story of bilateral framework of connectivity and economic Europeans providing opium in order to buy their silk, cooperation between China and Pakistan. BRI and porcelain and tea. CPEC has potential to revolutionize the region and beyond. It is a befitting reply to imperialistic and The turnaround of their economy is the credit of the hegemonic ‘West’. The non-interference policy visionary leadership of Mr. Deng Xiaoping. Preparing envisaged by their visionary leadership is the corner such a huge population for the task of nation building stone of their development. Despite that, Chinese and carrying out huge social development programs are quite conscious of the geo-political and geo- was an uphill task for the Chinese leadership. With economic implications. China needs to brand BRI the exception of few restaurants or essential services, and has to take into account the negative narrative one seldom sees any office or business centre working that is being built against this trillion dollar project. after packing up. Big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Without compromising their sensitivities, China will Guangzhou are connected through an integrated have to open their society for the rest of the world. communication network of highways, railways and They will have to be at certain threshold of soft power subways and more than half of the population travels before they could sell win-win cooperation mantra through subways. The young generation of Chinese are .

The writer is a former Army Officer and an entrepreneur. 33 Opinion

Bridging the Language Barriers By Farkhanda Shamim

ince the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been under way, many Chinese companies have sent workers to Pakistan. This has Sgenerated a need for the people of China Recently, Senate of Pakistan has adopted a and Pakistan to learn Urdu and Chinese resolution to encourage CPEC human resource respectively to bridge the language barrier. training programs to provide Chinese language Consequently, many Chinese language courses in order to reduce communication teaching and Urdu teaching enterprises are gap. Zhang Daojian, Director of the Confucius opened in both countries over the past few Institute in Islamabad, said that although the years. As a result of these language exchange resolution was only a suggestion, however, programs, significant contribution has been it reflected that the Chinese language has made towards cultural exchange and people- gained more attention in Pakistan. There are to-people contact.

34 Opinion

more than 5000 students studying Chinese teaching for the last two years in the University at the Confucius Institute, Islamabad and of Guang Zu, China revealed in an interview other teaching sites affiliated with the institute. that Chinese students often take keen This number does not include those who are interest in Urdu language and literature. They studying Chinese language in other institutions. attempt at writing Urdu poetry. Students from In 2015, many CPEC construction projects China in Pakistan also cherish the national entered implementation phase, which created language of Pakistan and desire to promote a large number of employment opportunities for the exchange of the two languages. At the Pakistanis. Chinese Radio International, a huge section is working to produce and design programs in Urdu. Mr. Leo Chijao and Ms. E.Fung, the Urdu experts at the China Radio International are qualified from University of Punjab. They have launched an Urdu app called ‘We Chat ‘which transcribes Urdu poetry into Chinese to expand Urdu language in the global village.

Recently, China has been offering Pakistan necessary assistance in sectors of economy, education and culture. Similarly, the Gwadar project and CPEC are helping to promote Urdu in China. In China, Urdu is offered in ten Pakistanis who were fluent in Chinese found prominent universities whereas seven more jobs in Chinese enterprises in Pakistan. universities are in the process of developing Similarly, now a large number of Pakistani Urdu teaching programs. students regard China as the first choice for studying abroad. According to recent statistics from Chinese Embassy in Pakistan about 2500 Pakistani students went to China for further education in 2017. Higher education in China is also one of the driving forces for Pakistani students to learn Chinese.

Trained and qualified Chinese instructors have been hired to teach Mandarin (the traditional Chinese language) - the instructors not only focus on teaching the Chinese language but also create awareness among people about Chinese culture. The future of Chinese A notable one is Urdu Learning Institute language seems bright in Pakistan, given our which is part of the Communication University geographical strategic location as neighbours. in China since 1948. Some prestigious Pakistanis can benefit the most from this, newspapers, journals and electronic media since it would widen the horizons of the ones also support Urdu learning programs. interested in learning and growing. Certainly, the exchange of literary material shall help promote relations between the two A prominent Urdu academician and researcher, countries and language has a vital role to Dr. Abid Sial from Pakistan, who has been achieve.

The writer has worked at PTV news Islamabad as producer, reporter and controller.

35 Analysis

Poverty AlleviationBy Dost in Muhammad China: Barrech

Lessons forBehind Pakistanevery success, there are often hina’s poverty alleviation campaign is multidimensional factors. China’s milestone the greatest milestone in mankind’s is the result of various factors. Firstly, China history and China was able to lift 700 orchestrated rural reforms in (1978-1985) and million people out of poverty. Deputy introduced the Household Responsibility System CHead of China’s State Chen Zhigang says that (HRS), which allocated equitable land to millions ‘The poor population in rural areas has been of farmers. Agriculture products in rural China reduced by 68.53 million in total, and poverty grew significantly and accelerated farmer’s has dropped to 3.1 percent. The number of poor income resulting in poverty eradication in rural counties has witnessed a net reduction for the areas. Interestingly, during 1978-1984 per capita first time,’ Chen further articulates that income income of the farmer’s increased to 15 percent per capita of poverty-stricken areas has been per annum. enhanced to 10.4 percent, and national average gap has been narrowed accordingly. Thus, a few Meanwhile, Township and Village Enterprises questions need to be answered that how did China TVEs were introduced in 1985, enabled rural get success in poverty alleviation? And what were dwellers to consolidate the Chinese economy. the factors that enabled China to make a history? TVEs created jobs for surplus labor by

36 Analysis

contributing to rural economic growth and that On the other hand, China benefited tremendously increased rural incomes. Most considerably, TVEs from globalization and became a member of the generated fiscal revenues for the local government, World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. China reduced urban-rural gap. Pakistan by espousing is making a steady progress in Foreign Direct the trajectory of China needs to introduce equitable Investment (FDI). Chinese FDI across the world land reforms for the purpose of alleviating poverty. expedited its industrialization and improved its GDP and per capita income. China has surpassed the Pakistan needs to US and has become the largest trading country of the world. The more the country exports the more capitalize on the its economy will strengthen. opportunities being In alleviating poverty, China pursued a wholesome created under CPEC approach towards implementation of its policies. which will pave the way They analyzed people were poor because of lack for Pakistan to become of opportunities. People may have education and skills yet the economy would not absorb them. an economic hub in the The solution to it was reviving the economic future. activity in order to create jobs for masses. They contemplated, providing necessary education and Pakistan is an agricultural country; 60 percent of skills and investing in health would alleviate poverty. its population is based on agriculture. Ironically, In the same way, marginalized people living in rural equitable land reforms in Pakistan are yet to be areas were also uplifted. carried out as 75 percent of land in Sindh province belongs to landlords. Consequently, the poor is Pakistan, needs to take pragmatic and concrete getting poorer and the rich is getting richer. Public steps to alleviate poverty. Each year in Pakistan, 1.5 investment played a substantial role as far as million people enter the job market. Pakistan needs poverty alleviation of China is concerned. The to introspect over the dilemma of job opportunities. Chinese government, since 1986 heavily invested in Many Pakistanis are skillful and talented but the education, health and irrigation that paved the way fragile economy does not have the potential to for creation of jobs, ‘9 years compulsory schooling accommodate them. system’ in 1978 stimulated poor segment of the society to get education. Public spending aimed Pakistan, will have at investing in poverty-stricken regions, provided opportunities to marginalized and deprived class to provide ample of the society. Under current scenario, China opportunities to the spends approximately 279 billion dollars annually youth. Some pragmatic on research and development which has resulted in evolving the economy to eradicate poverty. In and concrete steps are order to adopt Chinese model, Pakistan ought to needed to alleviate invest massively in public sector. Unfortunately, a poverty. recent report of the United Nations does not show a positive picture, Pakistan has been placed at the Consequently, unemployment in Pakistan is in full top in Asia-Pacific countries that spend the least on swing. To conclude, learning lessons from other healthcare, education and social protection. Report country is not a new phenomenon in international further says that Pakistan’s gross enrollment rates arena. Japan learnt civilization from China and for the secondary education is merely 45 percent. modernization from Europe. One can see Japan is one of the strongest economies of the world today. Since the 21st century is based on knowledge Pakistan being a close friend of China can learn economy; a country having knowledge economy many lessons from China to overcome its economic can make a remarkable headway. It is a matter woes of grave concern that, Pakistan spends only 0.25 . percent of GDP on its research and development. Improving public investment, research and development will enable Pakistan to reduce The writer is pursuing PhD degree poverty. in International Relations from International Islamic University, Islamabad.

37 Report

G rl Guides visit to China By Zaheen Faisal

akistan Girl Guides Association trip to China was an initiative taken by Senator Nuzhat Sadiq, and facilitated by Mr. Yao Jing, Ambassador of People’s Republic of China. PThe trip to China was co-organized by Mr. You Yee, Consular of Chinese Cultural Affairs in Islamabad.

The first ever voyage by Pakistani Girl Guides to China was scheduled from October, 19 to October, 26, 2018 and Beijing and Tianjin were destinations for this six day trip. Young leaders from Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan and Islamabad chapters merely four decades China made such a great leap to were part of the delegation to China along with fifteen constructive transformation and exceptional success. Senior Guides. It was the journey full of adventure and lessons.

The members of Girl Guides delegation made use Senator Nuzhat Sadiq who was the inspiration behind of their time in China and learnt a great deal about this trip expressed her views by saying that: ‘It was history and culture of China in traditional cities of a great experience for the Girl Guides to visit China Beijing and Tianjin. The members visited Great and get familiarized with the culture and traditions of Wall, National Stadium, Birds Nest, Forbidden China. The friendly gesture of the people of China City, Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, Ming was overwhelming for the delegation. It was like a Tomb, Chinese Theater ‘The Legend of Kang Fu’, dream come true for the Guides, they are now back Imperial House, Tianjin Museum, China House, Wax with some wonderful memories’ Museum, and Tiananmen Square. The historical . places reflect China’s glorious past and proud present and the delegates were amazed as to how in The writer is the International Secretary at Pakistan Girl Guides Association. 38 Fashion

Fusion of International Trends in

Context of Pakistan and ChinaBy Sam Dada nlike animals, man is lots of cultural ideals, fabric, has also been worn by a number a self-reflecting being style, cuts and designs. of actresses on the red carpet, who seeks recognition. including Miss United Kingdom Fashionable clothes With reference to cross Amy Guy. Mansoor restyled Userve as a requisite, since they cultural fusion and linkage, the Cafe Royal staff uniform for support the staging of a person we shall talk about Pakistani 2008. in everyday life and influence designer who has been working how a person is perceived by internationally. Omar Mansoor Mansoor has created a fashion others. Kant rightly notes that is a London based Pakistani bridge and harmony between “clothes make the man.” The fashion designer, best known for Pakistani and Chinese culture true thread that runs through the his cultural showcasing. by using color palette and fabric garment of the fashion myth has made by Pakistan and exhibited Omar Mansoor has styled been spun out of the fibers that by Chinese. numerous British actresses, restore the references back to European aristocracy, and Omar Mansoor is a role model anthropological basic condition International royalty. He and a trendsetter in creating and refer to human life as work is widely credited for re- fusion fashion across Asia. of art. introducing fusion clothing For fusion of Pakistan-China China stands among the top ten into modern fashion. After culture, it is suggested that countries to breed silk worms attending the London College various competitors and and to make silk into clothing of Fashion, Mansoor was the stakeholders in fashion industry in the world. In ancient times, first Pakistani to showcase be called upon to share ideas China was called ‘The Empire of at London Fashion Week, and proposals about potential Clothing’ because of the trade of in 2008. Omar Mansoor’s cultural linkages between Chinese silk products. designs have been featured in publications including Vogue Pakistan and China. It will not The silk trade has been well UK, the Huffington Post and the only help us strengthen our developed in Shang and Zhou Financial Times. Well known cultural knots but also portray a dynasty and reached at a height journalist, Susanna Reid wore beautiful image of fashion and in the Han dynasty in China. Omar Mansoor at the 2010 the two countries. Pakistan and China exchanged Academy Awards. The brand

Sam Dada is a fashion brand coordinator and is a well reputed fashion designer who has showcased across Asia, Europe and USA. 39 Report

Roundtable with China Study Centres and Institutes in Pakistan By Uroosa Khan

hina-Pakistan Study Centre (CPSC) at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) hosted a Roundtable of China Study Centres and Institutes Cfrom across the country on March 7, 2019. Representatives from 13 China Study Centres and Institutes participated in the event. The inaugural session was graced by Foreign secretary Ms. Tehmina Janjua as Chief Guest and Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan H.E. Mr. Yao Jing delivered keynote address. event was to bring together most, if not all, China Study Centres and Institutes in the country to create synergy in their work. He noted it is hoped that, representatives from China Study Centres attending the roundtable will give overview of their centre, work being undertaken, and identify avenues for collaboration with other centres. He underscored it is important because new government has identified new priority areas for the expanding the bilateral relationship between China and Pakistan. Emphasis has been placed on socio-economic development, industrial cooperation, agriculture etc. Noting Director General of the Institute of Strategic Foreign Secretary’s presence at the roundtable, Studies Islamabad, Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Ambassador Aizaz stated it showed importance Chaudhry moderated the inaugural session and Pakistan attaches to its relationship with China in all welcome worthy guests and participants to the spheres. He also welcomed Ambassador of China roundtable. He highlighted that objective of the 40 Report

H.E. Yao Jing and commended his hard work to diverse spheres of defence, economy, and social promote bilateral relations. sector development. Noting Pakistan’s wide-ranging cooperation in defence and strategic domain with Ambassador Yao Jing underscored the significance China, Foreign Secretary said that it has augmented of the event as it had presence from 13 China capabilities of Pakistan military and enabled Pakistan Study Centers in Pakistan. He commended efforts to safeguard territorial integrity and preserve of China Study Center at the Institute to organize strategic stability in South Asia. the roundtable. He noted that China Studies have become a phenomenon in Pakistani academic She underscored that China’s emergence as a institutions. He informed the participants that there global player will bring balance to the international are 12 Pakistan Study Centers in China and a larger economic system. She noted that countries are number of South Asia Study Centers at various competing to secure Chinese investments. And universities in China. most importantly, Belt and Road Initiative provides a vehicle for economic growth to developing countries. This offers enormous win-win opportunities for Pakistan. With the development of CPEC China has become the largest investor and biggest trading partner for Pakistan.

Working session of the roundtable commenced after conclusion of inaugural session. Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry moderated the working session. Heads/Representatives of China Study Centres and Institutes were invited to introduce their centre, its He emphasized on the need of interaction between research and advocacy work and future opportunities China Study Centers and Pakistan Study Centers. of collaboration with other institutes. Participants He underlined that roundtable event could act as actively took part in the open-house discussion which a catalyst for connecting Pakistan based China yielded practical suggestions for collaboration. Study Centers with their counterparts in China. Moreover, he highlighted the various research and fellowship programs offered by Chinese government to Pakistani students and scholars. He vowed to facilitate each China Study Centre in establishing contact with scholars and universities in China to promote think-tank linkages between two countries.

Foreign Secretary Tehmina Janjua in her address commended China-Pakistan Study Centre at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) for The participants at the roundtable included: Dr. Talat organising a special meeting of most of China Shabbir, CPSC, ISSI; Mr. Zamir Awan, Chinese Centres across Pakistan. Studies Centre, NUST; Dr. Imran Khalid, China Study Centre, SDPI, Dr. Fazul-ur-Rehman, Pakistan Institute of China Studies, University of Sargodha; Dr. Ghulam Akbar Mahesar, Far East and South East Asia Study Centre, University of Sindh, Dr. Kaleem Ullah Mandokhail, Chinese Study Centre, University of Balochistan; Dr. Khalid Manzoor Butt, China Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore; Dr. Omair Haroon, Suleman Dawood School of Business, Lahore University of Management Sciences; Dr. Samina Sabir, CPEC Centre, University of AJK; Dr. Saranjam Baig, Center for Research She informed the participants about the current state on CPEC, Karakoram International University; Dr. of bilateral relationship. She recalled that Prime Zahid Anwar, China Study Centre, University of Minister Imran Khan’s visit to China in November Peshawar; Mr. Muhammad Arshad Qaim Khani, last year which was a resounding success as both CPEC Economic Forum and Syed Tanvir Abbas Jafri, sides agreed to deepen bilateral cooperation in Chinese Study Centre, COMSATS Islamabad. 41 Photo Gallery

In-house meeting with four-member Chinese delegation from China Council for BRICS - January 3, 2019 China-Pakistan Study Centre, Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad hosted an In-House Meeting with a four member Chinese Delegation from China Council for BRICS Think Tank Cooperation and discussed Pakistan-China relations and CPEC Development.

Briefing given to Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mehmood on the Work of Institute of Strategic Studies by Director General Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry - January 8, 2019 Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi visited the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad. He was briefed by Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry on the work of the Institute.

A Conversation with Ambassador Cameron Munter, President East-West Institute (EWI) - January 15, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad in collaboration with the Karachi Council on Foreign Relations organised a Conversation with Ambassador Cameron Munter, President East- West Institute.

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Public Talk on Role and Relevance of United Nations in the Contemporary Global Order - January 22, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad organised a Public Talk titled, ‘Role and Relevance of United Nations in the Contemporary Global Order’. The Guest Speaker on the occasion was H. E. Ms. Maria Fernanda Espinosa Garcés, President of the United Nations General Assembly.

Tuesday Dialogue on The Peace Process in Afghanistan - January 29, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad initiated a new series of non-attributable informal discussion on key relationships of Pakistan titled ‘Tuesday Dialogue’. The dialogue focused on ‘The Peace Process in Afghanistan’. Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi attended the discussion.

Seminar on‘Understanding Strategic Coercion in the Realm of Gray Conflict: Implications for Pakistan‘ - February 11, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad organised a Seminar on ‘Understanding Strategic Coercion in the Realm of Grey Hybrid Conflict: Implications for Pakistan’. Gen. Zubair Mahmood Hayat, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was the Chief Guest. Mr. Leonid Savin, Mr. Ikram Sehgal and Lt. Gen. Naeem Khalid Lodhi delivered presentations at the seminar.

43 Photo Gallery

’ - Launch of the Book on ’ Rising Hindutva and its Impact on the Region Authored by SM Hali - February 20, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad organised a launch of the Book on ‘Rising Hindutva and its Impact on the Region’. Sultan M. Hali, Ambassador Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, Director General ISSI, Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Gen. Ehsan ul Haq (Retd), Chairman BoG, ISSI, Ambassador Khalid Mahmood, Mr. Nisar Memon, were present on the occasion.

Professor Dr. Hab Andrzej Stelmach Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland met Director General Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad - February 20, 2019 Prof. Dr. Hab. Andrzej Stelmach, Dean Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland called upon Director General Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry.

’ Tuesday Dialogue on ’ Pakistan’s Relations with the Gulf Countries - February 26, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad conducted its 2nd Tuesday Dialogue that focused on ‘Pakistan’s Relations with the Gulf Countries’.

44 Photo Gallery

President of Emirates Policy Center H.E. Ebtesam Alketbi met Director General ISSI Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry - February 27, 2019 President of Emirates Policy Centre H.E. Ebtesam Alketbi called on Director General Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry.

In-House Meeting with Prof. Dr. Michael Jansen - March 22, 2019 Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad held an In-House Meeting with Prof. Dr. Michael Jansen from the German University of Technology, Muscat. Dr. Jansen talked about heritage strategy and ways in which Pakistan can manage its culture.

In-House Meeting with a 4-member Nepal Press Council Delegation - March 27, 2019

Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad held an in-house meeting with a 4 - member Press Council Delegation from Nepal.

45 News Brief

CPEC will become a shining example of the two countries cooperation Beijing and Islamabad vowed to deepen economic engagement with the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and work together for a shared future in the new era. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pakistani Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi pledged to strengthen strategic consultations to promote their close and broad-based bilateral ties during the first China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers’ Strategic Dialogue in Beijing on March 19, 2019.

China builds world‘s largest clean coal power generation system China has established the world‘s largest clean coal power generation system, setting a new milestone in cutting emissions and saving energy, the National Energy Administration (NEA) said on February 12, 2019. The country has beaten its target of ultra-low emission and energy conservation and transformation outlined in the country‘s 13th Five- Year Plan two years in advance, NEA said.

China participates in Pakistan’s naval drills Chinese ships participated in Pakistan’s multinational naval exercise AMAN 19 in a big way, demonstrating their long-term cooperative partnership in the maritime sector. Joint drills highlight the significance of collaborations in strengthening their defence capabilities.

Pakistan-China cooperation in agriculture to be extended under CPEC Pakistan and China have decided to expedite cooperation in the field of agriculture under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). According to an official in Ministry of Planning, Development, and Reform, the cooperation would be extended with a focus on the areas of climate change, desalination, water management, afforestation and ecological restoration, wetland protection and restoration, wildlife protection, forestry industry development, disaster management and risk reduction and other areas of mutual interest.

Pakistan Students Forum held in Beijing The Embassy of Pakistan in Beijing held the first ever Pakistan Students Forum at the embassy on March 10, 2019. Around 400 students, including a large number of female students from 42 universities in China, participated in the event. Welcoming the students, the Ambassador of Pakistan Masood Khalid lauded their performance and appreciated their efforts and role in positive projection of Pakistan through academic and cultural pursuits.

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