Beihefte Der Francia Bd. 16,1 1989

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Beihefte Der Francia Bd. 16,1 1989 Beihefte der Francia Bd. 16,1 1989 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publi- kationsplattform der Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland (DGIA), zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich ver- folgt werden. GEORG SCHEIBELREITE R AUDOIN VO N ROUEN Ein Versuc h übe r de n Charakte r de s 7 . Jahrhunderts Die Vita II Audoins von Rouen aus dem frühen 9 . Jahrhundert berichtet , da ß in der ecclesia S.Petri de r Bischofsstad t nebe n zwe i Fraue n Köni g Chlotharsl . auc h di e beiden unglückliche n Merowinge r Childeric h II. und Dagober t IL ruhen . De r vir sanctus selbst habe si e dort bestattet 1. Scho n di e gelehrten geistlichen Historiker de s siècle de Loui s XIV haben diese r Ansich t widersprochen 2. Tatsächlic h konnt e ma n die Gebein e Childerich s IL, seine r gleichfall s ermordete n Gemahli n Bilihil d (un d wahrscheinlich diejenigen seine s Sohnes) 165 6 bei einer Öffnung de r Gräber in Saint- Germain-des Prés identifizieren. Fü r de n i m Spätherbs t 67 5 i n de r Lauconis silva zusammen mit seiner schwangeren Frau ums Leben gebrachten König läßt sich nicht ohne weiteres ein e Verbindung zu r Bischofskirch e vo n Rouen herstellen. Sieh t man von der vagen, durch nichts beweisbaren Möglichkeit ab, daß Audoin den Leichna m des Getötete n i m Verlau f de s nac h de m Mor d ausbrechende n innenpolitische n Chaos nac h Rouen in Sicherhei t brachte , s o konnt e nu r di e örtlich e Näh e de r Mordstelle eine n derartigen Schrit t verständlich machen . Seitde m di e Lauconis silva aber nich t meh r a m Oberlau f de r Somme gesucht, sonder n be i Lognes , unwei t Chelles an der Marne lokalisiert wird3, ist auch dieses Argument hinfällig geworden . Darüber hinau s ha t ma n sic h au f ein e Aussag e Vacandard s gestützt , de r seinerseit s auf ein e verstümmelte Nachricht i n der Vita Lantberti ninwies 4. Mit dem Begräbni s Dagoberts IL ha t nu n Audoi n überhaup t nicht s z u tun . Jene r fan d sein e letzt e Ruhestätte i m Ardennenkloste r Stenay , i n desse n Umgebun g e r a m 23 . Dezembe r 679 erschlagen worde n war 5. Warum tauch t de r Nam e de s Bischof s vo n Rouen nun be i de n Thronwirren de s 1 Vit a alter a S.Dadoni s ve l Audoeni episcopi , AA S S AugustIV, c.5 , 41, S.819; dazu E.VACANDARD , Principaux écrit s sur S . Ouen d u VIIe a u XVIIe siècle, in: Analecta Bollandiana20 (1901 ) S. 166, sowie Wilhelm LEVISON, in : MGH S S rer. Merov. 5 (1910) S. 549f. und DERS., in : WATTENBACH-LEVISON , Deutschlands Geschichtsquelle n im Mittelalter. Vorzeit und Karolinger . 1 . Heft: Di e Vorzeit von de n Anfängen bi s zur Herrschaf t de r Karolinger , Weimar 1952 , S. 128 mit Anm. 307. 2 S o vor alle m Dom BOUILLART , Histoire de Saint-Germain des Prez, Paris 1656 ; vgl. Henri STEIN , L a mort de Childéric II, in: Le Moyen Ag e 12 (1908) S. 302ff. 3 STEI N (wi e Anm. 2) S. 308 f . 4 E. VACANDARD, Vie de Saint Ouen, évêque de Rouen (641-684), Paris 1902 , S . 268, Anm. 1 und 2. Die Vita Lantbert i abbati s Fontanellensi s e t episcop i Lugdunensis , hg . von Wilhel m LEVISON , MGH S S rer. Merov.5 (1910 ) c.5, S.61 2 berichte t vo n de r Tötung de s Königs , seiner Fra u un d seine s Sohne s und schließt mit den Worten: quorum corpora prenominatus maximus. .., wa s schon Mabillon in seiner Ausgabe de r Vit a durch : sacerdos Audoenus sepelivit ergänzte . Doc h bleib t dies e Ergänzun g gan z ungewiß. 5 E r wurde dort später al s Märtyrer verehrt. Sein Kult verbreitete sic h im Elsaß und i n Lothringen; vgl. Ulrich NONN , in : Lexiko n de s Mittelalters3 (1986 ) col.430. 196 Georg Scheibelreite r späten 7 . Jahrhunderts auf , sobal d die Katastrophe des Königsmordes eingetreten ist, um al s eine Art Gralshüte r de s fränkischen Reiche s di e Würde de s merowingische n Hauses durc h ein e von ihm vorgenommene Bestattun g gleichsa m z u wahren? Es is t einfach, dabe i auf den erbaulichen Charakter einer Lebensbeschreibung des Heiligen zu verweisen, deren Verfasser keine n Ehrgeiz hat, tatsachengetreu z u schreiben, un d dem dara n gelege n ist , auc h di e pietas de s heilige n Manne s i n helle m Licht e erscheinen z u lassen . Da s dürft e abe r z u weni g sein , u m de n bal d einsetzende n Mythos jene s Manne s z u begreifen , i n de m ma n ei n stabilisierende s Elemen t de r merowingischen Herrschaft , ein e ausgleichend e Kraf t i m Auseinanderstrebe n de r Reichsteile, ein e letzt e Instan z un d eine n ruhende n Po l »i n de r Erscheinunge n Flucht« z u sehe n meinte . Konnte e s ein e derartig e Haltun g i n jene r extre m vo n Parteigegensätze n un d kurzlebigen Zweckallianze n bestimmte n Epoch e de s Frankenreiche s überhaup t geben? Wa r e s möglich , sic h vo n al l dem freizuhalte n un d doc h sein e Stellun g al s Metropolit unangefochte n z u behaupten ? Könne n wi r un s abe r auc h ei n Bil d vo n den Begebenheite n machen , ode r zeige n un s selbs t di e zeitnahe n Quelle n nu r da s Schema vom heilige n Mann , wi e e s den bekannte n christlich-literarische n Kriterie n entsprach, un d de m freilic h alle s irdisch e Treibe n zweitrangi g sei n mußte ? Di e wenigen Hinweise auf sein Leben verdanken wir Audoin selbst: sie finden sic h in der von ihm verfaßten Vita seines Freundes Eligius, die zwar im 8 . Jahrhundert verfälsch t wurde, abe r genu g a n echte r Substan z erhalte n hat . Di e Vita l Audoin i biete t i n dieser Hinsich t leide r nich t allzuvie l vo m Schem a Abweichendes , hingege n is t di e ungefähr zeitgleich e Vit a Filibert i ein e Hilf e be i de r Frag e nac h de m historische n Audoin vo n Rouen6. Sonstige historiographisch e un d diplomatisch e Nachrichte n können zwa r noc h de n eine n ode r de n andere n Baustei n zu r Erkenntni s diese r bedeutenden Gestal t liefern, doc h lassen sie in ihrer Dürftigkeit un d Fragwürdigkei t kaum ahnen , da ß hinter ihne n ei n Mann steht , der ei n lebendiges Abbild de r Kräft e und Strömunge n de s 7 . Jahrhunderts war . Man ha t i n de r bisherige n Forschun g di e Bedeutung Audoin s nich t unterschätzt . Selbst di e spärliche n Hinweis e zeige n ei n weitverbreitete s Ansehe n un d ein e aner - kannte Stellung des Bischofs in Königsnähe7. Man kann auch in den Fehler verfallen , Audoin zu r führende n Gestal t de s Reiche s z u stilisiere n un d de n Bischofsho f i n Rouen als desse n eigentliche s Zentru m ansehen 8. Ein e Biographi e i m moderne n Sinne wir d sic h abe r kau m gebe n lassen . Doc h selbs t be i de m Versuch , di e Geschichte de s spätmerowingische n Reiche s u m di e Perso n Audoin s aufzubauen , muß ma n erkennen , wi e seh r ma n au f di e allgemei n al s gesichert geltende n Kennt - nisse der Kirchengeschichte , de r Verfassungs- un d Sozialgeschicht e angewiese n ist 9. 6 Zu m ganze n Vitenkomple x Audoin s vgl . LEVISO N (wi e Anm . 1) S . 548 ff . Di e Vit a Filibert i stamm t noch au s de m 8 . oder de m frühe n 9.Jh . 7 Friedric h PRINZ , Frühe s Mönchtu m im Frankenreich . Kultu r un d Gesellschaf t i n Gallien , de n Rheinlanden un d Bayer n i m Spiege l der monastischen Entwicklun g (4.-8 . Jh.), München-Wie n 1965 , S.498, un d DERS. , Askes e un d Kultur . Vor - un d frühbenediktinische s Mönchtu m a n de r Wieg e Europas, München 1980 , S . 83. 8 Rol f SPRANDEL , De r merowingisch e Ade l un d di e Gebiet e östlic h de s Rheins , Freibur g i.Br . 195 7 (Forschungen zu r oberrheinische n Landesgeschichte , 5 ) S . 49. 9 Da s zeigt sich in extremem Maße bei der Monographie VACANDARD S (wie Anm. 4), der oft au f Audoin überträgt, wa s fü r gan z ander e Verhältnisse herausgearbeite t wurde .
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