DOCSLIB.ORG

Abbreviations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abbreviations Abbreviations ARF Annates Regni Francorum (see Bibliography); ARF Rev refers to the revised version of c. 814 cc Corpus Christianorum, series latina CFHB Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae CHFM Les Classiques de l'Histoire de France au Moyen Age CIA Codices Latini Antiquiores, ed. E. A. Lowe, 9 vols plus a Supplement (Oxford, 1934-71) CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum CSHB Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae FEHL Colecci6n Fuentes y Estudios de Historia Leonesa Fontes Fontes ad Historiam Regni Francorum Aevi Karolini Illus­ trandam, ed. R. Rau (3 vols, Darmstadt, 1955-60) MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica, subdivided by series: AA Auctores Antiquissimi Capit Capitularia Epp Epistulae LL Leges SS Scriptores SRG Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum SRM Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum MIOG Mitteilungen des Instituts for osterreichische Geschichtsforschung PG Patrologia Graeca, ed. J. P. Migne PL Patrologia Latina, ed. J. P. Migne PLRE Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, ed. J. R. Martindale et al., 3 vols: vol. 1: AD 260-395 (Cambridge, 1971) vol. II: AD 395-527 (Cambridge, 1980) vol. III: AD 527-641 (Cambridge, 1992) RIC Roman Imperial Coinage sc Sources Chretiennes SHF Societe de l'Histoire de France SLH Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 423 Notes 1 PROBLEM-SOLVING EMPERORS 1. Arnmianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, XXIII. v. 17; F. Millar, The Roman Empire and its Neighbours (London and New York, 1967), pp. 238-48. 2. A. A. Barrett, Caligula: the Corruption of Power (London, 1990), pp. xix, 1-41, 172-80. 3. Herodian, Basileas Historias, VI. viii. i and VII. i. 1-2. 4. Scriptores Historiae Augustae: Maximini Duo (ascribed to Julius Capi­ tolinus), I. 5-7, and II. 5; see also the discussion in R. Syme, 'The Emperor Maximinus', in his Emperors and Biography (Oxford, 1971), pp. 179-93. For the imperial portraiture of Maximin see S. Wood, Roman Portrait Sculpture, 217-260 A.D. (Leiden, 1986), pp. 33-5, 66-8, 126-7 0 5. Herodian, Basileas Historias, VIII. v. 8-9 and vi. 2. 6. F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (London, 1977), pp. 122-31. 7. Sextus Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus, 28, anon. Epitome de Caesaribus, 28; Zosimus, Historias Neas, I. 18-23. 8. Sextus Aurelius Victor 29; Epitome 29; Zosimus I. 21-5. See also Wood Roman Portrait Sculpture, pp. 42-5, 77-9. 9. Sextus Aurelius Victor 30-2; Epitome 30-2; Zosimus I. 24-30, 36 Scriptores Historiae Augustae: Valeriani Duo ('Trebellius Pollio'). See Wood, Roman Portrait Sculpture, pp. 43-8, 109-11. 10. The capture of Valerian is graphically represented both on the Sassanian cameo of Shapur I in the Bibliotheque N ationale in Paris, and in the monumental rock carving of Naqsh-i-Rustam, see R. Ghirshman, Iran: Parthians and Sassanians (London, 1962), plates 195-7. 11. On the Gallic Empire see J. Drinkwater, The Gallic Empire (Stuttgart, 1987). 12. RIC, vol. 5(1), ed. H. Mattingly and E. A. Sydenham, pp. 248-62. 13. C. Lepelley, 'The survival and fall of the classical city in Late Roman Mrica', in J. Rich (ed.), The City in Late Antiquity (London, 1992), pp. 50-76. 14. L. de Blois, The Policy ofthe Emperor Gallienus (Lei den, 1976), pp. 29--30. 15. R. Syme, 'The Emperor Claudius Tacitus', in his Emperors and Bio­ graphy (Oxford, 1971), pp. 237-47 shows that Tacitus belongs to this military group, and that the presentation of him in the SHA as an amiable nincompoop of a senator is a deliberate distortion. 16. Sextus Aurelius Victor 38.3, Epitome 38.3. 17. Epitome 34.5 (Quintillus); Sextus Aurelius Victor 36, Zosimus I. 63-4 (Florian). 18. Sextus Aurelius Victor 37.4; Zosimus I. 71. Scriptores HistoriaeAugustae: Probus, xx (by 'Flavius Vopiscus of Syracuse') is completely unreliable. 19. Sextus Aurelius Victor 39.1-16, Zosimus I. 73. 424 Notes to pp. 8-16 425 20. Sextus Aurelius Victor 39.17-19; Eutropius, Breviarium, xxii; S. Williams, Diocletian and the Roman Recovery (London, 1985 ), pp. 43-8. 21. Williams, Diocletian, pp. 61-70; W. Seston, Diocletien et la Tetrarchie (Paris, 1946), pp. 231-57. T. D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), pp. 8-10. 22. P. Salway, Roman Britain (Oxford, 1981), pp. 288-314. 23. Seston, Diocletien, pp. 137-54. 24. See RIC, vol. VI, ed. C. H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson, for the coins of the tetrarchy. 25. R. Bianchi Bandinelli, Rome: the Late Empire (London, 1971), plate 256; H. P. L'Orange,Art Forms and Civic Life in the Later Roman Empire (Princeton, 1965), pp. 37-68. 26. XII Panegyrici Latini, XI. xi. 4, ed. R. Mynors (Oxford, 1964), p. 265. 27. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, pp. 7-8. 28. A. H. M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire, 284-602 (3 vols, Oxford, 1964), vol. 1, pp. 42-52. 29. Ibid., pp. 52-60; E. N. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (Baltimore and London, 1976), pp. 127-90. 30. T. Frank, Economic Survey ofAncient Rome (Baltimore, 1940), vol. 5, pp. 310-421. 31. Jones, Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 68-70. 32. Suetonius, Vita Neronis, xvi. 33. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, VI. xxxix. I-VI. xlv. 5. 34. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, Epistolae, lxxx. 35. Translated by H. Bettensen, Documents of the Christian Church (2nd edn, Oxford, 1963), III g, pp. 13-14. 36. For some arguments about the causes of the persecutions see G. E. M. de Ste Croix, 'Why were the Early Christians Persecuted?', together with a reply by A. N. Sherwin-White and de Ste Croix's riposte, all conveniently to be found in M. I. Finley (ed.), Studies in Ancient Society (London, 1974), pp. 210-62. 37. RIC, vol. 4 (3), ed. H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham and C. H. V. Sutherland, pp. 117-18 and 130-3; these coins were all struck in Milan. 38. On Christians in the Roman army see A. D. N ock, 'The Roman Army and the Roman Religious Year', Harvard Theological Review, 45 (1952), 186-252, especially section III. iv. 39. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, VI, xli. 1-xlii. 4. 40. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, VII. x. 3-9. 41. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, X. 6, XI. 1-4; Barnes, Constan­ tine and Eusebius, pp. 15-27. 42. Barnes, ibid., pp. 149-62. 2 THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE 1. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, 19; Eutropius, Breviarium, IX. XXVl-XXVlll. 2. Eutropius, X. i-ii. Zosimus, Historias Neas, II. viii. 426 Notes to pp. 16-22 3. Eutropius, X. ii. 2. T. D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, 1981 ), pp. 28-9. 4. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, 29. 5. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, pp. 32-3, and nn. 36 and 38, indicates that in practice neither Constantine nor Maximin used the title of Filius Augusti within their own territories. 6. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, 35. 7. Zosimus, II. xv-xvi; Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, 44. 8. A. H. M. Jones, Constantine and the Conversion of Europe (London, 1949), pp. 94-7 for a discussion of the evidence and a possible rationalising explanation. 9. Older arguments are dealt with in N. H. Baynes, Constantine the Great and the Christian Church (2nd edn with preface by H. Chadwick, Oxford, 1972). 10. On the development of Constantine as both emperor and Christian see Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, and Jones, Constantine. For Eusebius's presentation of the ideology of the Christian Empire see G. F. Chesnut, The First Christian Histories (Paris, 1977), pp. 61-166. 11. J. Toynbee and J. Ward Perkins, The Shrine of St. Peter and the Vatican Excavations (London, 1956), plate 32 and pp. 72-4. 12. P. Bruun, 'The Disappearance of Sol from the coins of Constantine', Arctos, ns 2 (1958), 15-37. 13. A. D. Nock, 'The Emperor's Divine Comes',journal ofRoman Studies, 37 (1947), 102-16. See also S. G. MacCormack, 'Rome, Constantinopolis, the Emperor, and His Genius', Classical Quarterly, 25 (1975), 131-50. 14. Toynbee and Ward Perkins, Shrine of St. Peter, pp. 195-239; H. P. L'Orange,Art Forms and Civic Lift in the Later Roman Empire (Princeton, 1965), pp. 79-85; R. Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Archi­ tecture (Harmondsworth, 1965), pp. 17-44; idem, Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308 (Princeton, 1980), pp. 3-31 and 42-5. Constantine built a smaller memorial church dedicated to St Paul, which was expanded to rival that of St Peter's under Pope Damasus (366-84). 15. Krautheimer, Rome, pp. 7-8. 16. C.-M. Ternes, Romisches Deutschland (Stuttgart, 1986), p. 283. 17. S. G. MacCormack, Art and Ceremony in Late Antiquity (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1981). 18. Krautheimer, Rome, pp. 54-8; idem, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pp. 25-6. 19. A. Alfoldi, The Conversion of Constantine and Pagan Rome (2nd edn, Oxford, 1969). 20. E. Kitzinger, Byzantine Art in the Making (London, 1977), pp. 7-9 and plates 1-4. 21. Letter of Constantine I to Anullinus, Proconsul of Africa, in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, X. v. 15-17. OnAnullinus see PLRE, I, pp. 78-9 (Anullinus 2). 22. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, IX. ii. 1-iv. 4, for petitions against the Christians in Egypt, sent to Maximin II. 23. Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, 48; Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, X. v. 1-14. Notes to pp. 22-31 427 24. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, X. viii. 8-19. 25. P. Brown, The World of Late Antiquity (London, 1971), pp. 34-40. 26. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, pp. 62-4. 27. Ibid., pp. 64-77. 28. PLRE, vol. I, pp. 563 (Martinianus 2), and 931 (Valens 13). PLRE is wrong, however, in giving Martinianus only the title of Caesar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI
    Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI By J. den Boeft, J.W. Drijvers, D. den Hengst and H.C. Teitler LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978 90 04 16212 9 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface ................................. vii Introduction ........................... ix A noteonchronology ................. xv Legenda ................................ xxvii Commentary on Chapter 1 ........... 1 Commentary on Chapter 2 ........... 37 Commentary on Chapter 3 ........... 59 Commentary on Chapter 4 ........... 75 Commentary on Chapter 5 ........... 93 Commentary on Chapter 6 ........... 125 Commentary on Chapter 7
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Violence in Gregory of Tours' 'Decem Libri Historiarum'
    GENDER AND VIOLENCE IN GREGORY OF TOURS' DECEM LIBRI HISTORIARUM Jennifer McRobbie A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2012 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3151 This item is protected by original copyright Gender and Violence in Gregory of Tours’ Decem Libri Historiarum Jennifer McRobbie This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews Date of Submission 19th August 2011 ii Declaration I, Jennifer McRobbie, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 76,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2004 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in August 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St. Andrews between 2004 and 2011. Date…………..signature of candidate I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St. Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. In submitting this thesis to the University of St. Andrews I understand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby.
    [Show full text]
  • Journeys to Byzantium? Roman Senators Between Rome and Constantinople
    Journeys to Byzantium? Roman Senators Between Rome and Constantinople Master’s Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael Anthony Carrozzo, B.A Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Thesis Committee: Kristina Sessa, Advisor Timothy Gregory Anthony Kaldellis Copyright by Michael Anthony Carrozzo 2010 Abstract For over a thousand years, the members of the Roman senatorial aristocracy played a pivotal role in the political and social life of the Roman state. Despite being eclipsed by the power of the emperors in the first century BC, the men who made up this order continued to act as the keepers of Roman civilization for the next four hundred years, maintaining their traditions even beyond the disappearance of an emperor in the West. Despite their longevity, the members of the senatorial aristocracy faced an existential crisis following the Ostrogothic conquest of the Italian peninsula, when the forces of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I invaded their homeland to contest its ownership. Considering the role they played in the later Roman Empire, the disappearance of the Roman senatorial aristocracy following this conflict is a seminal event in the history of Italy and Western Europe, as well as Late Antiquity. Two explanations have been offered to explain the subsequent disappearance of the Roman senatorial aristocracy. The first involves a series of migrations, beginning before the Gothic War, from Italy to Constantinople, in which members of this body abandoned their homes and settled in the eastern capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Emperors and Generals in the Fourth Century Doug Lee Roman
    Emperors and Generals in the Fourth Century Doug Lee Roman emperors had always been conscious of the political power of the military establishment. In his well-known assessment of the secrets of Augustus’ success, Tacitus observed that he had “won over the soldiers with gifts”,1 while Septimius Severus is famously reported to have advised his sons to “be harmonious, enrich the soldiers, and despise the rest”.2 Since both men had gained power after fiercely contested periods of civil war, it is hardly surprising that they were mindful of the importance of conciliating this particular constituency. Emperors’ awareness of this can only have been intensified by the prolonged and repeated incidence of civil war during the mid third century, as well as by emperors themselves increasingly coming from military backgrounds during this period. At the same time, the sheer frequency with which armies were able to make and unmake emperors in the mid third century must have served to reinforce soldiers’ sense of their potential to influence the empire’s affairs and extract concessions from emperors. The stage was thus set for a fourth century in which the stakes were high in relations between emperors and the military, with a distinct risk that, if those relations were not handled judiciously, the empire might fragment, as it almost did in the 260s and 270s. 1 Tac. Ann. 1.2. 2 Cass. Dio 76.15.2. Just as emperors of earlier centuries had taken care to conciliate the rank and file by various means,3 so too fourth-century emperors deployed a range of measures designed to win and retain the loyalties of the soldiery.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Dissertation
    University of Groningen The growth of an Austrasian identity Stegeman, Hans IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Stegeman, H. (2014). The growth of an Austrasian identity: Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 02-10-2021 The growth of an Austrasian identity Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de rector magnificus dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity
    The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. 2015. The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity A dissertation presented by Ryan Hayes Wilkinson to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2015 © 2015 Ryan Hayes Wilkinson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Michael McCormick Ryan Hayes Wilkinson The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity Abstract In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Ancestors of the Chicago Rodger's
    Selected Ancestors of the Chicago Rodger’s Volume I: Continental Ancestors Before Hastings David Anderson March 2016 Charlemagne’s Europe – 800 AD For additional information, please contact David Anderson at: [email protected] 508 409 8597 Stained glass window depicting Charles Martel at Strasbourg Cathedral. Pepin shown standing Pepin le Bref Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders 2 Continental Ancestors Before Hastings Saints, nuns, bishops, brewers, dukes and even kings among them David Anderson March 12, 2016 Abstract Early on, our motivation for studying the ancestors of the Chicago Rodger’s was to determine if, according to rumor, they are descendants of any of the Scottish Earls of Bothwell. We relied mostly on two resources on the Internet: Ancestry.com and Scotlandspeople.gov.uk. We have been subscribers of both. Finding the ancestral lines connecting the Chicago Rodger’s to one or more of the Scottish Earls of Bothwell was the most time consuming and difficult undertaking in generating the results shown in a later book of this series of three books. It shouldn’t be very surprising that once we found Earls in Scotland we would also find Kings and Queens, which we did. The ancestral line that connects to the Earls of Bothwell goes through Helen Heath (1831-1902) who was the mother and/or grandmother of the Chicago Rodger’s She was the paternal grandmother of my grandfather, Alfred Heath Rodger. Within this Heath ancestral tree we found four lines of ancestry without any evident errors or ambiguities. Three of those four lines reach just one Earl of Bothwell, the 1st, and the fourth line reaches the 1st, 2nd and 3rd.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • Guido M. Berndt the Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches
    The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy 299 Guido M. Berndt The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches Early medieval Europe has often been branded as they have entered upon the sacred soil of Italy, a violent dark age, in which fierce warlords, war- speaks of mere savage delight in bloodshed and riors and warrior-kings played a dominant role in the rudest forms of sensual indulgence; they are the political structuring of societies. Indeed, one the anarchists of the Völkerwanderung, whose de- quite familiar picture is of the early Middle Ages as light is only in destruction, and who seem inca- a period in which armed conflicts and military life pable of culture”.5 This statement was but one in were so much a part of political and cultural devel- a long-lasting debate concerning one particular opment, as well as daily life, that a broad account question that haunted (mainly) Italian historians of the period is to large extent a description of how and antiquarians especially in the nineteenth cen- men went to war.1 Even in phases of peace, the tury – although it had its roots in the fifteenth conduct of warrior-elites set many of the societal century – regarding the role that the Lombards standards. Those who held power in society typi- played in the history of the Italian nation.6 Simply cally carried weapons and had a strong inclination put, the question was whether the Lombards could to settle disputes by violence, creating a martial at- have contributed anything positive to the history mosphere to everyday life in their realms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Builder Magazine October 1921 - Volume VII - Number 10
    The Builder Magazine October 1921 - Volume VII - Number 10 Memorials to Great Men Who Were Masons STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAE BY BRO. GEO. W. BAIRD, P.G.M., DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, "the first of the Patroons" in the State of New York, was born in the City of New York, and was Grand Master of Masons of that State for four years. We excerpt the following from the History of the Grand Lodge of New York: "Stephen Van Rensselaer, known as the Patroon, an American statesman, and patron of learning, was born in New York, November 1, 1769, the fifth in descent from Killien Van Rensselaer, the original patroon or proprietor of the Dutch Colony of Rensselaerwick, who in 1630, and subsequently, purchased a tract of land near Albany, forty-eight miles long by twenty-four wide, extending over three counties. He was educated at Princeton and Harvard colleges, and married a daughter of General Philip Schuyler, a distinguished officer of the Revolution. Engaging early in politics, at a period when they were the pursuit of men of the highest social position, he was, in 1789, elected to the State Legislature; in 1795, to the State Senate, and became Lieutenant Governor, president of a State convention, and Canal Commissioner. Turning his attention to military affairs, he was, at the beginning of the war of 1812, in command of the State militia, and led the assault of Queenstown; but the refusal of a portion of his troops, from constitutional scruples, to cross the Niagara River, enabled the British to repulse the attack, and the General resigned in disgust.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristocratic Society in Abruzzo, C.950-1140
    Aristocratic society in Abruzzo, c.950-1140 Felim McGrath A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Dublin 2014 Declaration I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the Library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. ____________________________ Felim McGrath iii Summary This thesis is an examination of aristocratic society in the Italian province of Abruzzo from the mid-tenth century to the incorporation of the region into the kingdom of Sicily in 1140. To rectify the historiographical deficit that exists concerning this topic, this thesis analyses the aristocracy of Abruzzo from the tenth to the twelfth centuries. It elucidates the political fragmentation apparent in the region before the Norman invasion, the establishment and administration of the Abruzzese Norman lordships and their network of political connections and the divergent political strategies employed by the local aristocracy in response to the Norman conquest. As the traditional narrative sources for the history of medieval southern Italy provide little information concerning Abruzzo, critical analysis of the idiosyncratic Abruzzese narrative and documentary sources is fundamental to the understanding this subject and this thesis provides a detailed examination of the intent, ideological context and utility of these sources to facilitate this investigation. Chapter 1 of this thesis examines the historical and ideological context of the most important medieval Abruzzese source – the chronicle-cartulary of San Clemente a Casauria.
    [Show full text]
  • König Rothari Begründet Seine Gesetze. Zum Verhältnis Vonkonsens Und Argumentation in Den ›Leges Langobardorum‹*
    König Rothari begründet seine Gesetze. Zum Verhältnis vonKonsens und Argumentation in den ›Leges Langobardorum‹* Heinz Holzhauer zugeeignet Christoph H. F. Meyer (Frankfurta.M.) I. Das Langobardenreich: Herrschaftund Religion II. Die ›Leges Langobardorum‹ III. Konsensfähige Aussagen im Recht: Alles nur Propaganda? IV. Beratungs- und Aufzeichnungsvorgänge IV.1 Das Edictum Rothari, Kapitel 386: Konsens, Gemeinwohl, gairethinx IV.2 Die Novellen V. EinzelneStichproben: Konsens und Kontrolle im Edikt VI. Begründungen in der lex scripta VI.1 Historische und sachliche Hintergründe VI.2 Begründungen im EdictumRothari VI.2.a Ein innerweltlicher Maßstab: Vernunftund Unvernunft VI.2.b Religiöse Begründungen: Herzen der Könige, Krankheit als Sündenstrafe und Argumente gegen angeblichen Hexenzauber VII. Schluss: Konsensuale Wege zum geschriebenen Recht *) Zur Entlastung des Anmerkungsapparats wird bei der Zitation vonQuellen des langobardischen Rechts des 7. und 8. Jahrhunderts auf ausführliche bibliographische Angaben verzichtet. Zugrunde liegt stets die kritischeEdition von1868. Vgl. Edictus Langobardorum, hg. vonFriedrich Bluhme (MGH LL 4), Han- nover 1868 (ND Stuttgart/Vaduz 1965), S. 1 225. Die Vorschriften der langobardischen Könige und ben- À eventanischen Duces werden mit Ausnahmedes Edictum Rothari ausschließlich nach den abgekürzten Herrschernamen zitiert: Ed. Ro. (Edictum Rothari), Grim. (Grimoald),Liutpr. (Liutprand), Ra. (Ratchis), Aist. (Aistulf), Areg. (Aregis), Adel. (Adelgis). Die teils Grimoald, teils Liutprandzugeschriebenen soge- nanntenNotitiae werden als »Not.« in Verbindung mit einer Ordnungszahl und Seitenangabe (nach Bluhme)zitiert. Aus Platzgründen werden auch bei der Zitation vonQuellen des justinianischen Rechts Abkürzungen anstelle vollständigerbibliographischer Angaben verwendet. Sie basieren auf den Editionen vonKrüger/Mommsen.Vgl. Corpus iuris civilis, Bd. 1.1:IustinianiInstitutiones, hg. vonPaul Krüger, Berlin 171963; Bd. 1.2: Digesta, hg. vonTheodor Mommsen und Paul Krüger,Berlin 171963; Bd.
    [Show full text]