DOCSLIB.ORG

Status of Plants in Virginia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Status of Plants in Virginia SPRING/SUMMER 2015 VOL. 66, No. 1 & 2 SPRINGFall/SUMMER 2015 2015 VOL. 66,V No.OL. 1 66,& 2No. 3 inia Fall 2015 VOL. 66, No. 3 rg ORGN. AGE SUMMER/SPRING 2014 VOL. 65, No. 1 & 2 T Vi AID P U.S. POST Permit No. 2276 Richmond, NON-PROFI VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VIRVGIRGINIINIAA JO JOURURNALNAL OF O SFC SIECIENCENCE VIRGINIAVIRGINIA JOURNAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF SCIENCE SPRING/SUMMER 2015 VOL. 66, No. 1 & 2 Fall 2015 VOL. 66, No. 3 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OFFIOCFFICIALIAL PUB LPUBICALTICATIOION OFN T OHFE TH VIER GVIRGINIAINIA ACA ACADEMDEMY OFY SOCFI ESCIENCENCE e ginia r Vi eet A23220 oadStr r .B OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE W ess Service Requested giniaAcademyofScienc r Vi ScienceMuseumof Addr 2500 Richmond,V OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE THE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Instructions to Authors All manuscripts and correspondence should be sent to the Editor ([email protected]). The Virginia Journal of Science welcomes for consideration original articles and short notes in the various disciplines of engineering and science. Cross-disciplinary papers dealing with advancements in science and technology and the impact of these on man and society are particularly welcome. Submission of an article implies that the article has not been published elsewhere while under consideration by the Journal. Submit manuscripts in electronic form as an MS Word OR WordPerfect file. Tables and figures should NOT be embedded within the body of the manuscript. Place EDITOR ACADEMY OFFICE tables and figures after the Literature Cited. Authors should submit names of three Werner Wieland Executive Officer potential reviewers. All manuscripts must be double-spaced. Do not use special effects Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Academy of Science such as bold or large print. University of Mary Washington 2500 W. Broad St. Fredericksburg, VA 22401 Richmond, VA 23220-2054 The title, author’s name, affiliation, address and e-mail should be placed on a cover Phone: (540) 654-1426 page. An abstract (not to exceed 200 words) summarizing the text, particularly the results and conclusions, is required. The text should follow the general format used by professional journals in the author’s discipline. The Virginia Journal of Science has an on-line style manual (www.vacadsci.org). In-text references should follow the name-year format: (McCaffrey and Dueser 1990) or (Williams et al. 1990). In the ©Copyright, 2015 by the Virginia Academy of Science. The Virginia Journal of Literature Cited section at the end of the article, each reference should include the full Science (ISSN:0042-658X) is published by the Virginia Academy of Science, 2500 W. name of the author(s), year, title of article, title of journal (do not abbreviate), volume Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23220-2054. The pages are electronically mastered number and first and last page of the article. For a books, include author(s), year, title, in the Department of Biological Sciences of the University of Mary Washington. The pages or number of pages, publisher and city of publication. Examples: Virginia Academy of Science and the Editors of the Virginia Journal of Science assume no responsibility for statements or opinions advanced by contributors. McCaffrey, Cheryl A. and Raymond D. Dueser. 1990. Plant associations of the Virginia barrier islands. Virginia Journal of Science 41:282-299. Subscription rates: $40.00 per year, domestic and foreign. All foreign remittances must be made in U.S. dollars and are subject to additional postage. Most back issues Spry, A. 1969. Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon Press, New York. 350 pp. are available. Prices vary from $5.00 to $25.00 per issue postpaid. Contact the Business Manager for the price of a specific issue. Each figure and table should be mentioned specifically in the text. All tables, figures and figure legends should be on a separate page at the end of the text. Changes of address, including both old and new zip codes, should be sent promptly Multiple author papers are required to have a statement in the acknowledgments to the following address: Arthur F. Conway, Executive Officer, Virginia Academy indicating the participation and contribution of each author. of Science, 2500 W. Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23220-2054. All correspondence relating to remittance, subscriptions, missing issues and other business After revision and prior to final acceptance of an article, the author will be required affairs should be addressed to the Business Manager. to furnish publication-quality files in TIFF or JPEG format of all figures. Keep in mind the page size of the journal, 6 x 9 in (152 x 228 mm), in constructing tables and figures. For instructions to authors, see inside of back cover. An error-free copy of the manuscript in acceptable format is also required. SEE THE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE STYLE MANUAL http://www.vacadsci.org/journal.htm VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. 66 No. 3 Fa ll, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE STATE OF VIRGINIA’S ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SYMPOSIUM, Virginia Academy of Science, May 21, 2015 James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia An Introduction for the Symposium. Richard S. Groover and Werner Wieland ................................................................ 95 Status of Plants in Virginia. Michael H. Renfroe ................................................................................................... 97 Viewing the Status of Virginia’s Environment Through the Lens of Freshwater Fishes. Paul L. Angermeier and Michael J. Pinder ............................................................ 147 Virginia’s Land Mammals: Past and Present, with Some Thoughts About Their Possible Future. John F. Pagels and Nancy D. Moncrief .................................................................. 171 Breeding Birds of Virginia. Bryan D. Watts ........................................................................................................223 Virginia’s Amphibians: Status, Threats and Conservation. Jennifer Sevin and John (J. D.) Kleopfer ............................................................... 277 Freshwater Mussels of Virginia (Bivalvia: Unionidae): An Introduction to Their Life History, Status and Conservation. Jess W. Jones .......................................................................................................... 309 Forest Diversity and Disturbance: Changing Influences and the Future of Virginia’s Forests. Christine J. Small and James L. Chamberlain ........................................................333 Sea Level Rise in Virginia – Causes, Effects and Response. Tal Ezer and Larry P. Atkinson...............................................................................355 Virginia Air Quality: Trends, Exposure, and Respiratory Health Impacts James Blando, My Ngoc Nguyen, Manasi Sheth-Chandra and Muge Akpinar-Elci.....................................................371 Virginia Journal of Science Volume 66, Issue 3 Fall 2015 An Introduction for the Symposium Richard S. Groover1 and Werner Wieland2 1Symposium Coordinator, J. Sargent Reynolds Community College 2Editor, Virginia Journal of Science, University of Mary Washington The Commonwealth of Virginia offers much diversity be it in the form of biota, topography, or habitat. Major rivers belong to Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River and Tennessee River drainages. The extreme southwestern part of the state is part of the Appalachian Plateau where elevations range from 2,700 to 3,000 feet. The highest mountain in Virginia, Mount Rogers (5,729 ft.), occurs in the Valleyd an Ridge Province. Along its eastern boarder lies the Atlantic coast with a series of barrier islands adjacent to the Eastern Shore. This 70-mile long region is part of the Delmarva Peninsula and is separated from the rest of Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the contiguous United States. The Commonwealth has numerous environmental challenges with which to contend. Pressures on land-use, water quality, air quality, and impact of climate change exist. The Virginia Academy of Science took the lead to offer summaries on numerous related topics, presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Academy which was held at James Madison University. On May 21, 2015, sixteen speakers presented on the State of Virginia’s environment. The Academy requested all speakers submit manuscripts of their presentations for publication of symposium proceedings in the Virginia Journal of Science. This issue includes articles covering plants, freshwater mussels, freshwater fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals as well as overviews of forests, seal level rise and air quality. Our objective is that this will provide a baseline for future statewide assessments. The following individuals served as referees for manuscripts for this publication: Mark Bushnell, CoastalObsTechServices, LLC; W. Mark Ford, Unit Leader, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Virginia Tech; Jason Gibson, Virginia Herpetological Society; Jason R. Hill, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality; Rebecca V. LePrell, Div of Environmental Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health; Stephen McIninch, Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University; Conley McMullen, James
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effects of Low-Head Dams and Land Use Change on North Carolina Atlantic Slope Fish Community Structure
    THE EFFECTS OF LOW-HEAD DAMS AND LAND USE CHANGE ON NORTH CAROLINA ATLANTIC SLOPE FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE A Thesis by JORDAN M. HOLCOMB Submitted to the Graduate School Appalachian State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2013 Department of Biology THE EFFECTS OF LOW-HEAD DAMS AND LAND USE CHANGE ON NORTH CAROLINA ATLANTIC SLOPE FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE A Thesis by JORDAN M. HOLCOMB August 2013 APPROVED BY: Dr. Michael M. Gangloff Chairperson, Thesis Committee Dr. Robert P. Creed Member, Thesis Committee Dr. Steven W. Seagle Member, Thesis Committee Dr. Sue L. Edwards Chairperson, Department of Biology Dr. Edelma D. Huntley Dean, Research and Graduate Studies Copyright by Jordan M. Holcomb 2013 All Rights Reserved Abstract Effects of Low-Head Dams on North Carolina Atlantic Slope Fish Community Structure Jordan M. Holcomb B.S., Appalachian State University M.S., Appalachian State University Chairperson: Dr. Michael M. Gangloff, Ph.D Dams impound streams, alter sediment regimes and other physicochemical characteristics, and fragment populations. Low-head dams (<15m height) are ubiquitous in eastern North America and impact communities across broad geographic scales. We sampled fish at 25 dams (9 breached, 7 relict, 9 intact) in the Tar, Neuse and Roanoke basins including reaches upstream, immediately downstream (mill reach) of and >500m downstream from each dam (n=75 reaches). Analyses revealed fish CPUE, taxa richness, percent intolerant taxa, individual intolerant taxa and eel abundance were significantly higher in intact dam mill reaches and upstream of breached dams compared to other reaches. Relict dams had no between reach differences.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of the Native Fish Stocks of Jasper National Park
    A Preliminary Assessment of the Native Fish Stocks of Jasper National Park David W. Mayhood Part 3 of a Fish Management Plan for Jasper National Park Freshwater Research Limited A Preliminary Assessment of the Native Fish Stocks of Jasper National Park David W. Mayhood FWR Freshwater Research Limited Calgary, Alberta Prepared for Canadian Parks Service Jasper National Park Jasper, Alberta Part 3 of a Fish Management Plan for Jasper National Park July 1992 Cover & Title Page. Alexander Bajkov’s drawings of bull trout from Jacques Lake, Jasper National Park (Bajkov 1927:334-335). Top: Bajkov’s Figure 2, captioned “Head of specimen of Salvelinus alpinus malma, [female], 500 mm. in length from Jaques [sic] Lake.” Bottom: Bajkov’s Figure 3, captioned “Head of specimen of Salvelinus alpinus malma, [male], 590 mm. in length, from Jaques [sic] Lake.” Although only sketches, Bajkov’s figures well illustrate the most characteristic features of this most characteristic Jasper native fish. These are: the terminal mouth cleft bisecting the anterior profile at its midpoint, the elongated head with tapered snout, flat skull, long lower jaw, and eyes placed high on the head (Cavender 1980:300-302; compare with Cavender’s Figure 3). The head structure of bull trout is well suited to an ambush-type predatory style, in which the charr rests on the bottom and watches for prey to pass over. ABSTRACT I conducted an extensive survey of published and unpublished documents to identify the native fish stocks of Jasper National Park, describe their original condition, determine if there is anything unusual or especially significant about them, assess their present condition, outline what is known of their biology and life history, and outline what measures should be taken to manage and protect them.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Occurrence of Several Species of Pterostichine Ground Beetles in Virginia (Carabidae: Pterostichini)
    36 BANISTERIA NO. 12, 1998 Diversity, Standard Methods for Amphibians. Document 1. Corvallis, Oregon. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Wake, D.B. 1991. Declining amphibian populations. Vial, IL., & L. Saylor. 1993. The status of amphibian Science 253:860. populations: a compilation and analysis. IUCN-The World Conservation Union Species Survival Commission, Wyman, R.L. 1990. What's happening to the amphibians? Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force. Working Conservation Biology 4:350-352. Banisteria, Number 12, 1998 On the Occurrence of Several Species of Pterostichine Ground Beetles in Virginia (Carabidae: Pterostichini) Richard L. Hoffman Virginia Museum of Natural History Martinsville, Virginia, 24112 Most species of Southern Appalachian beetles remain The taxa treated here have been cited for "VA" in the very poorly known, even though the general composition 1993 list of Nearctic carabids by Bousquet & Larochelle, of that fauna has been sketched in broad strokes for a long on the basis of data - herein formally documented - time. Insofar as ground beetles (carabids) are concerned supplied to those authors. Unless otherwise specified, all there are still some undescribed taxa (some of them fairly material recorded below was taken by me (or by museum large forms) to be accounted, and for most species our inventory work) and is housed in the Virginia Museum of knowledge of distributional patterns is totally inadequate. Natural History. These facts were enunciated by P. J. Darlington in 1931, but the challenge was not taken up for another three 1 .Gastrellarius blanchardi (Horn) decades, when Thomas C. Barr began his extensive researches on the Appalachian carabid fauna. Dr. Barr's Described from Highlands, North Carolina, this stimulating summary paper of 1969 catalyzed this writer's diminutive species has been recorded only as far north as interest in the subject, and his personal activity with the the Black Mountains of that state.
    [Show full text]
  • Information on the NCWRC's Scientific Council of Fishes Rare
    A Summary of the 2010 Reevaluation of Status Listings for Jeopardized Freshwater Fishes in North Carolina Submitted by Bryn H. Tracy North Carolina Division of Water Resources North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Raleigh, NC On behalf of the NCWRC’s Scientific Council of Fishes November 01, 2014 Bigeye Jumprock, Scartomyzon (Moxostoma) ariommum, State Threatened Photograph by Noel Burkhead and Robert Jenkins, courtesy of the Virginia Division of Game and Inland Fisheries and the Southeastern Fishes Council (http://www.sefishescouncil.org/). Table of Contents Page Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 3 2010 Reevaluation of Status Listings for Jeopardized Freshwater Fishes In North Carolina ........... 4 Summaries from the 2010 Reevaluation of Status Listings for Jeopardized Freshwater Fishes in North Carolina .......................................................................................................................... 12 Recent Activities of NCWRC’s Scientific Council of Fishes .................................................. 13 North Carolina’s Imperiled Fish Fauna, Part I, Ohio Lamprey .............................................. 14 North Carolina’s Imperiled Fish Fauna, Part II, “Atlantic” Highfin Carpsucker ...................... 17 North Carolina’s Imperiled Fish Fauna, Part III, Tennessee Darter ...................................... 20 North Carolina’s Imperiled Fish Fauna, Part
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species
    FEATURE: ENDANGERED SPECIES Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes ABSTRACT: This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. Howard L. Jelks, Frank McCormick, Stephen J. Walsh, Joseph S. Nelson, Noel M. Burkhead, Steven P. Platania, Salvador Contreras-Balderas, Brady A. Porter, Edmundo Díaz-Pardo, Claude B. Renaud, Dean A. Hendrickson, Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, John Lyons, Eric B. Taylor, and Nicholas E. Mandrak, Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Jelks, Walsh, and Burkhead are research McCormick is a biologist with the biologists with the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenic Landforms of Virginia
    Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment in Compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Other Relevant Federal and State Laws and Regulations
    United States Department of Environmental Agriculture Forest Assessment Service June 2007 Buck Bald Ocoee/Hiwassee and Tellico Ranger Districts, Cherokee National Forest Polk and Monroe Counties, Tennessee For Information Contact: Janan Hay 250 Ranger Station Road Tellico Plains, TN 37385 423-253-8405 southernregion.fs.fed.us/cherokee The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Document Structure .................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose and Need
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Ecology and Habitat Preference of the Leopard Darter, Percina Pantherina
    REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE LEOPARD DARTER, PERCINA PANTHERINA By PAUL WILLIAM /~AMES Bachelor of Science University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 1981 ·4::er of Science ...1.issouri State University 3pringfield, Missouri 1983 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the·Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1989 . - ~· ,• ) "' Oklahoma State Univ. Lihra1 REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE LEOPARD DARTER, PERCINA PANTHERINA Thesis Approved: ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. o. Eugene Maughan, for giving me the opportunity to work on this project and for his encouragement throughout my graduate program. I would also like to thank the members of my graduate committee, Dr. William A. Drew, Dr. Anthony A. Echelle, Dr. Rudolph J. Miller, and Dr. Alexander v. Zale, for their professional and personal advice throughout the course of the study. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to the u. s. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for providing financial and technical support for the study. I am especially grateful to Mr. Frank James of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's McCurtain County Wilderness Area for his friendship and hospitality during extended field trips. A sincere thanks goes to Rick Horton, Steve O'Donnell, and Todd Phillips for their help in the field and laboratory. A special thanks goes to Stuart Leon for helping with the development of many of the field and data analysis techniques used in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Species of Greatest Conservation Need
    APPENDIX A. VIRGINIA SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED Taxa Common Scientific Name Tier Cons. Opp. Habitat Descriptive Habitat Notes Name Ranking Amphibians Barking Hyla gratiosa II a Forest Forests near or within The Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information System indicates treefrog shallow wetlands the loss suitable wetlands constitute the greatest threats to this species. DGIF recommends working to maintain or restore forested buffers surrounding occupied wetlands. These needs are consistent with action plan priorities to conserve and restore wetland habitats and associated buffers. Recently discovered populations within its known range, may indicate this species is more abundant than previously believed. An in-depth investigation into its status may warrant delisting. This species will be prioritized as Tier 2a. Amphibians Blue Ridge Desmognathus IV c Forest High elevation seeps, This species' distribution is very limited. Other than limiting dusky orestes streams, wet rock faces, logging activity in the occupied areas, no conservation salamander and riparian forests actions have been identified. Unless other threats or actions are identified, this species will be listed as Tier 4c. Amphibians Blue Ridge Eurycea III a Wetland Mountain streams and The needs of this species are consistent with priorities for two-lined wilderae adjacent riparian areas maintaining and enhancing riparian forests and aquatic salamander with mixed hardwood or habitats. This species will be listed as Tier 3a. spruce-fir forests up to 6000 feet. Amphibians Carpenter Lithobates III a Wetland Freshwater wetlands with The needs of this species are consistent with action plan frog virgatipes sphagnum moss priorities to preserve and restore aquatic and wetland habitats and water quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Actions
    CHAPTER 4 Conservation Actions Table of Contents Take Action! Get Involved! ................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Background and Rationale ................................................................................................................. 9 Conservation Action Classification System .................................................................................... 11 Conservation Action Description ........................................................................................................ 12 Best Practices for Conservation Actions ............................................................................................. 15 International Conservation Actions ................................................................................................ 15 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Regional Conservation Actions ........................................................................................................ 19 Regional Conservation Needs Program .............................................................................................. 19 Regional Action .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5
    Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Prepared by: Amy J. Benson, Colette C. Jacono, Pam L. Fuller, Elizabeth R. McKercher, U.S. Geological Survey 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 and Myriah M. Richerson Johnson Controls World Services, Inc. 7315 North Atlantic Avenue Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 North Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 29 February 2004 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………... ...1 Aquatic Macrophytes ………………………………………………………………….. ... 2 Submersed Plants ………...………………………………………………........... 7 Emergent Plants ………………………………………………………….......... 13 Floating Plants ………………………………………………………………..... 24 Fishes ...…………….…………………………………………………………………..... 29 Invertebrates…………………………………………………………………………...... 56 Mollusks …………………………………………………………………………. 57 Bivalves …………….………………………………………………........ 57 Gastropods ……………………………………………………………... 63 Nudibranchs ………………………………………………………......... 68 Crustaceans …………………………………………………………………..... 69 Amphipods …………………………………………………………….... 69 Cladocerans …………………………………………………………..... 70 Copepods ……………………………………………………………….. 71 Crabs …………………………………………………………………...... 72 Crayfish ………………………………………………………………….. 73 Isopods ………………………………………………………………...... 75 Shrimp ………………………………………………………………….... 75 Amphibians and Reptiles …………………………………………………………….. 76 Amphibians ……………………………………………………………….......... 81 Toads and Frogs
    [Show full text]