Bearsden

A Roman Fort on the

David J Breeze

ISBN: 978-1-908332-08-0 (hardback) • 978-1-908332-18-9 (PDF) The text in this work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommerical 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC 4.0). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work and to adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:

Breeze, D J 2016 Bearsden: A Fort on the Antonine Wall. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. https://doi.org/10.9750/9781908332189

Important: The illustrations and figures in this work are not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons licence. Permissions must be obtained from third-party copyright holders to reproduce any of the illustrations.

Every effort has been made to obtain permissions from the copyright holders of third-party material reproduced in this work. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland would be grateful to hear of any errors or omissions.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is a registered Scottish charity number SC 010440. Visit our website at www.socantscot.org or find us on Twitter @socantscot. BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

bibliographY

ABBREVIATIONS Allen, G 2004 ‘Roman Glass’, in Bishop, M C Inveresk Gate: Excavations in the Roman Civil Settlement at Inveresk, East Lothian, 1996–2000: AE l’anneé épigraphique 167–9. Loanhead: STAR. BMC British Museum Catalogue of Coins of the Roman Amrein H 2006 ‘Marques sur verre attestées en Suisse’, in Foy & Nenna Empire (eds) 2006b: 209–43. BMCRR Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum Andersen, S T 1979 ‘Identification of wild grass and cereal pollen’, C Carson, R A G 1990 Coins of the . Danm geol Unders Arbog 1978: 69–92. : Methuen Andrews, G 1985 ‘The coarse wares’, in Hinchliffe, J & Sparey Green, CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum C, Excavations at Brancaster 1974 and 1977: 82–93. East Anglian Curle vessel forms in Curle 1911 Archaeological Report. D Figure-type in Déchelette 1904 Anselmino, L, Bouchenaki, M, Carandini, A & Leveau, P 1989 Il Dr Vessel forms in Dragendorff 8951 Castellum del Nador: Storia di una Fattoria tra Tipasa e Caesarea Rogers Motif in Rogers 1974 (I-VI sec d. C), Rome: ‘L’Erma’ di Bretschneider. ILS Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae Aubert, J-J 1994 Business Managers in : A Social and O Figure-type in Oswald, F 1936–37 Economic Study of Institores, 200BC–AD250. Leiden and New : E J Brill. RIB The Roman Inscriptions of Britain I 1965 Collingwood, R G and Wright R P (eds). Austin, R G 1934 ‘Roman Board games, I’, Greece and Rome 4: 24–34. Oxford: Clarendon Press Baatz, D 1973 ‘Römische Bäder mit Hölzernen Apodyterien’, II 1990–1995 Frere S S et al (eds). : Alan Archäeologisches Korrespondenzblatt 3: 345–50. Sutton Baatz, D 1993 Der Römische , Archäologische Ausflüge zwischen III 2009 Tomlin, R S O, Wright, R P and Hassall, Rhein und Donau. Berlin: Gebr. Mann. M W C. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books Bailey, G B 1994 ‘The provision of fort-annexes on the Antonine Wall’, RIC Mattingly, H and Sydenham, E A 1923–67 The Roman Proc Soc Antiq Scot 124: 299–314. Imperial Coinage, London: British Museum Bailey, G B 1997 ‘Excavation of Roman, medieval and later features Tab Vindol Tabulae Vindolandenses at Carriden Roman fort annexe in 1994’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 127: II 1994 Bowman, A K and Thomas, J D, The 577–94. Writing Tablets. London: The British Museum Bailey, G B forthcoming The Antonine Wall. III 2003 Bowman, A K and Thomas, J D, The Banks, I 1995 Bearsden Roman Fort Resistivity Survey. Glasgow: Glasgow Vindolanda Writing Tablets. London: The British University Archaeological Research Division. Museum Barber, J (ed) 1997 The Archaeological Investigations of a Prehistoric Landscape: Excavations on Arran 1978–81. Edinburgh: STAR Monograph Series 2. Barrett, J C, Freeman, P W M & Woodward, A 2000 Cadbury Castle, Roman Frontier Studies 1989 Somerset. The later prehistoric and early historic archaeology. U London: English Heritage. Journal of Bateson, J D & Holmes, N M McQ 2006 ‘Roman and medieval coins Roman Military Equipment Studies found in Scotland, 2001–2005’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 136: 161–98. e Catalogue of Small Finds from Batty-Smith, J 2008 The British Horse Society Complete Manual of Horse South Shields Roman Fort. Newcastle: Society of Antiquaries of and Stable Management. Revised edition. Newcastle. Bayard, D 1980 ‘La commercialisation de la céramique commune à

Allason-Jones, L & McKay, B 1985 Coventina’s Well. Trustees of the Amiens du milieu di IIème siècle à la fin du IIIème siècle’, Cahiers Clayton Collection, Chesters Museum, Chesters. Archéologiques de Picardie 7: 147–209.

384 385

Bearsden.indd 385 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Bayard, D 2001 ‘La céramique dans le bassin de la Somme du miliue Bishop, M C & Coulston, J C N 2006 Roman Military Equipment from du IIe siècle au milieu du IIIe siècle apr J-C. Bilan de 20 ans d’études’, the Punic Wars to the fall of Rome. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxbow. S. F. E. C. A. G., Actes du Congrès de Lille-Bavay, 2001: 159–82 . Bishop, M C & Dore, J N 1988 Corbridge: excavation of the Roman fort Becket, A 2012 16 Roman Road, Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire, and town, 1947–1980. London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Glasgow: Northlight Heritage Technical Report 28. Commission for (Research Report 8). Beer, R J S 1976 ‘ e relationship between Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus Blazquez, J M & Remesal, J (eds) 1983 Produccion y commercio del aceite 1758) of man and Trichuris sius (Schrank 1788) of pig’, Research in en la Antigüedad. Il Congresso. Madrid: Universidad Complutense. Veterinary Science 20: 47–54. Boardman, S & Jones, G E M 1990 ‘Experiments on the effects of Bidwell, P 1979 e Legionary Bath-house and Basilica and Forum at charring on cereal plant components’, Journal of archaeological . Exeter: Exeter City Council and Un iversity of Exeter. science, 17:1–11. Bidwell, P 1985 e Roman Fort of Vindolanda at Chesterholm, Bonifay, M 2004 Etudes Sur la Céramique Romaine Tardive d’Afrique. Northumberland. London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International Series 1304). Commission for England (Archaeological Report 1). Bor, N L 1970 ‘Gramineae’, in K.-H Rechinger (ed.) Flora Iranica. Bidwell, P 2007 Roman Forts in Britain. Stroud: Tempus. Akademische Druk-u Verlagsanstalt: Graz-Austria: 213–17. Bidwell, P & Croom, A 1999 ‘ e / type series’, Bowman, A K & Thomas, J D 1983 Vindolanda: the writing-tablets. in Symonds, R & Wade, S 1999: 168–88. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies ( Monograph Series 4). Bidwell, P & McBride, R 2010 ‘ e coarse wares’, in Snape, M, Bidwell P Boyacioglu, M H & D’Appolonia, B L 1994 ‘Characterisation and & Stobbs, G, ‘Excavations in the military south-west of the utilisation of durum wheat for breadmaking. I. Comparison of Roman fort at South Shields in 1973, 1988 and 2002’, Journal chemical, rheological and baking properties between bread wheat 9: 98–119. flours and durum wheat flours’, Cereal Chemistry, 71, 1:21–8. Bidwell, P, Snape, M, & Croom, A, 1999 , , Boyd, W E 1983 ‘Botanical remains of edible plants from Iron Age broch, Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Fairy Knowe, Buchlyvie, Stirling’, Forth Naturalist and Historian 7: Society (Research Series 9). 77–83. Bidwell, P & Speak, S 1994 Excavations at South Shields Roman Fort, Boyd, W E 1984 ‘Environmental change and Iron Age land management Volume I. Newcastle: Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon in the area of the Antonine Wall, central Scotland: a summary’, Tyne (Monograph 4). Glasgow Archaeological Journal 11: 75–81. Bird, D in preparation for Surrey Archaeological Collections. Breeze, D J 1969 ‘The Organisation of the Legion: the first cohort and Birks, H J B 1973 e Present and Past Vegetation of the Isle of Skye: a the equites legionis’, Journal of Roman Studies 59: 50–5. Paleoecological Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press . Breeze, D J 1972 ‘Excavations at the Roman Fort of , 1967– Birks, H J B 1977 ‘ e Flandrian forest history of Scotland: a pre- 69’, Archaeologia Aeliana 4 ser, 50, 81–144. liminary synthesis’, in Shotton, F W (ed), British Quaternary Breeze, D J 1974a The Roman Fort at Bearsden, 1973 Excavations, An Studies: Recent Advances: 119–33. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Interim Report. Edinburgh: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Birks, H J B & Birks, H H 1980 Quaternary Palaeoecology. London: Breeze, D J 1974b ‘The Roman fortlet at Barburgh Mill, Dumfriesshire’, Edward Arnold. Britannia, 5: 130–62. Birley, A 2001 Vindolanda’s Military Bath-houses. Chesterholm: Breeze, D J 1976 ‘The ownership of arms in the ’, in Breeze, Vindolanda Trust. D J, Close-Brooks, & Ritchie, J N G, ‘Soldiers’ Burials at Camelon, Stirlingshire, 1922 and 1975’, Britannia 7: 73–95. Birley, E B 1930 ‘ e pottery’, in Richmond, I A & Birley, E B, ‘Excavations Breeze, D J 1977a ‘The fort at Bearsden and the supply of pottery to on Hadrian’s Wall, in the -Pike Hill Sector, 1929’, the Roman army’, in Dore, J & Greene, K 1977 (eds), Roman Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Pottery Studies in Britain and Beyond, Papers presented to John Archaeological Society, ser 2, 30: 169–205. Gillam, July 1977: 133–46. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports Birley, E 1982 ‘The dating and character of the tract de munitionibus (Supplementary Series 30). castrorum’, in Wirth, G (ed) Romanitas-Christianitas: 277–81. Berlin and New York. Breeze, D J 1977b ‘The garrisoning of Roman fortlets’, Studien zu den Birley, E & Gillam, J P 1948 ‘Mortarium stamps from Corbridge 1906– Militägrenzen Roms II: 1–6. Cologne: GMBH (Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbücher 38). 1938’, Archaeologia Aeliana, ser 4, 26: 172–201. Breeze, D J 1977c Review of Robertson, A S, Birrens () and Bishop, M C 1996 Finds from Roman Aldborough. A Catalogue of small Schönberger, H, Kastell Kunzing-Quintana, Britannia 8: 451–60. finds from the Romano-British Town of . Oxford: Breeze, D J 1982 ‘Bearsden’, Current Archaeology 82: 343–7. Oxbow. Breeze, D J 1983 ‘Bearsden Roman Bath-house: making things public Bishop, M C 1998 ‘An old Corbridge bath-house revisited’, Archaeologia for the Public’, in Magnusson, M (ed), Echoes in Stone. Edinburgh: Aeliana, 5 ser, 26, 39–47. Scottish Development Department: 29–32. Bishop, M C (ed) 2002 Roman Inveresk, Past, Present and Future. Breeze, D J 1984a ‘The Roman Fort on the Antonine Wall at Bearsden’, Chirnside: Armatura. in Breeze D J (ed) , Studies in Scottish Antiquity: 32–68. Edinburgh: Bishop, M C 2004 Inveresk Gate: Excavations in the Roman Civil John Donald. Settlement at Inveresk, East Lothian, 1996–2000. Loanhead: STAR. Breeze, D J 1984b ‘Demand and Supply on the Northern Frontier’, in Bishop, M C 2011 ‘Weaponry and military equipment’, in Allason- Miket, R & Burgess, C (eds), Between and Beyond the Walls: Essays Jones, L. (ed) Artefacts in . Their Purpose and Use: on the Prehistory and History of North Britain in Honour of George 114–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jobey: 264–86. Edinburgh: John Donald.

386 387

Bearsden.indd 386 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

Breeze, D J 1986 ‘The manufacture of pottery in Roman Scotland’, Proc Chiesa, G S 1960 Gemme de Museo Nazionale di Aquileia. Padua. Soc Antiq Scot 116: 185–9. Christison, D, Buchanan, M & Henderson, J 1903 ‘Excavation of Breeze, D J 1988 ‘The Logistics of Agricola’s Final Campaign’, Talanta Castlecary Fort on the Antonine ’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 37: 18/19: 7–28. Breeze, D J 2006 The Antonine Wall. Edinburgh: John Donald. Breeze, D J & Dobson B 1970 ‘The Development of the Mural Frontier in Excursion Flora of the Britain from Hadrian to Caracalla’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 102: 109–21. British Isles U Brewer, R J 1986 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani (Corpus of Sculpture The Roman Fort at Cadder (near Glasgow) of the Roman World), Great Britain,1, fasc 5, Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. Brodribb, G 1979a ‘Markings on Tile and Brick’, in McWhirr, A (ed) wheat’, Food Chemistry 47 (4): 337–43. 1979 Roman Brick and Tile: 211–21. Oxford: British Archaeological Colledge, S 1988 ‘Scanning electron studies of the cell patterns of Reports (International Series 68). the pericarp layers of some wild wheats and ryes: methods and problems’, in S Olsen (e.) Scanning electron microscopy in Brodribb, G 1979b ‘A Survey of Tile from the Roman Bath House at archaeology. Oxford: British Archaeology Reports (International Beaufort Park, Battle, E. Sussex’, Britannia 10: 139–56. Series) 452: 225–36. Buchanan, M, Christison, D & Anderson, J 1905 ‘Report on the Society’s Collins, G H 1986 ‘Petrographical examination of Roman pottery from Excavation at Rough Castle on the Antonine Vallum’, Proc Soc Bearsden’, Appendix in Breeze, D J 1986: 188–9. Antiq Scot 39: 442–99. Contreras, F, Nocetete, F, Sánchez, M, Lizcano, R, Pérez, C, Casas, C, Buckland, P C 1976a The Environmental Evidence from the Church Street Moya, S & Cámara, J A 1991 ‘Tercera campaña de excavaciones Roman Sewer System. London: Council for British Archaeology en el poblado de la Edad del Bronce de Peñalosa (Baños de la (= The Archaeology of York, 14. 1). Encina, Jaén)’, Noticiario de Arqueologia Andaluza 1989, II: Sevilla: Buckland, P C 1976b ‘Niptus hololeucus Faold. (Col., Ptinidae) from 227–36. Roman deposits in York’, Entomological Mon Magazine 111: 233–4. Cooke, N & Mudd, A 2014 A46 Nottinghamshire The Archaeology of Buckland, P C 1978 ‘A First Century Shield from Doncaster, ’, the Newark to Widmerpool Improvement Scheme, 2009. Cotswold Britannia 9: 247–69. Archaeology Monograph No 7; Wessex Archaeology Monograph Buckland, P C 1981 ‘ e early dispersal of insect pests of stored products No 34. as indicated by archaeological records’, Journal of Stored Products Cool, H E M, Lloyd-Morgan, G & Hooley, A D 1995 Finds from the Research 17: 1–12. Fortress (= e Archaeology of York e Small Finds, 17/10). Buckland, P C, Hartley, K F & Rigby, V 2001 ‘ e Roman pottery kilns Cool, H E M & Philo, C 1998 Roman Castleford. Excavations 1974–85. 1, at Rossington Bridge. Excavations 1956–1961’, Journal of Roman Small Finds. Wake eld: West Yorkshire Archaeology Service . Pottery Studies 9: 1–96. Cool, H E M & Price, J 1995 Roman vessel glass from excavations in Colchester, 1971–1985 (= Colchester Excavation Report, 8). Budge, E A W 1907 An Account of the Roman Antiquities Preserved in the Museum at Chesters, Northumberland. London: Gilbert & Coope, G R & Osborne, P J 1967 ‘Report on the Coleopterous fauna of the Roman well at Barnsley Park, Gloucestershire’, Transactions of Rivington. the Bristol and Gloucester Archaeological Society 86: 84–7. Burley, E 1956 ‘A Catalogue and Survey of the Metal-work from Traprain Coulston, J C 1985 ‘Roman archery equipment’, in Bishop, M C (ed), Law’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 89: 118–226. The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment: Bushe-Fox, J P 1949 Fourth Report on the Excavations of the Roman Fort 220–366. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International at Richborough, Kent. London: Society of Antiquaries of London. Series 275). Caesar, De bello Gallico ( e Gallic War). Coulston J C N 1997 ‘The stone sculptures’, in Wilson, R J A (ed), Roman Callen, E O 1969 ‘Diet as revealed by coprolites’, in Brothwell, D & Maryport and its Setting. Essays in Memory of Michael G Jarrett, Higgs, E (eds), Science and Archaeology: 235–43. London: ames 112–31. Maryport: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian & Hudson. and Archaeological Society. Callender, M H 1965 Roman amphorae, with index of stamps. Oxford: Coulston, J C & Phillips, E J 1988 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani University of Durham Publications. (Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World, Great Britain, 1, fasc 6, Caseldine, C J 1981 ‘Surface pollen studies across Bankhead Moss, Fife, Hadrian’s Wall west of the North Tyne, and . Oxford: Oxford Scotland’, Journal of Biogeography 8: 7–25. University Press for the British Academy. Croom, A T & Bidwell, P forthcoming ‘The coarse wares’, in The Roman Castle, S 1973 ‘Trial Excavations at Brockley Hill part 2’, London Fort at Wallsend (): Excavations in 1975–84. Archaeologist, 2, 4: 78–83. Crone, B A 1998 ‘The development of an Early Historic tree-ring Charlesworth, D 1959 ‘Roman glass from northern Britain’, Archaeologia chronology for Scotland’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 128: 485-93. Aeliana 4 ser, 37: 33–58. Crone, B A 2007 ‘11.3. Waterlogged wood’, in Hanson, 2007: 614–24. Charlesworth, D 1966 ‘Roman square bottles’, Journal of Glass Studies 485–93. 8: 26–40. Crone, A 2012 ‘Forging a chronological framework for Scottish Charlesworth, D 1980 ‘Glass’, 268–9, in MacIvor et al 1980: 230–85. crannogs; the radiocarbon and dendrochronological evidence’, in Charlesworth, D & ornton, J H 1973 ‘Leather found in Mediobugum, Midgley, M & Sanders, J (eds), Lake-dwellings after Robert Munro: the Roman Fort at Hardnott’, Britannia 4: 141–52. 139–68. Leiden: Sidestone Press.

386 387

Bearsden.indd 387 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Crone, A forthcoming ‘The dendrochronology’, in Roy, M, Pits and Dickson, C & Dickson J 2000 Plants and People in Ancient Scotland. boots: Excavation of medieval and post-medieval backlands under Stroud: Tempus. the Bon Accord Centre, Aberdeen. Edinburgh: STAR Monograph Dickson, J H 1973 Bryophytes of the Pleistocene. Cambridge: Cambridge Series. University Press. Crummy, N 1983 The Roman Small Finds from Excavations in Colchester, Dickson, J H 1979a ‘The Botany of Brochs’, in Thoms, L M (ed), ‘Early 1971–9. Colchester: Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd. Man inh t e Scottish Landscape’, Scottish Archaeological Forum 9: Crummy, P, Benfield, S, Crummy, N, Rigby, V & Shimmin, D 2007 62–5. Stanway. An elite burial Site at Camulodunum. London: Roman Dickson, J H 1979b ‘Exotic Food and Drink in Ancient Scotland’, Society, Britannia Monograph Series 24. Glasgow Naturalist, 19, pt 6: 437–42. Cunliffe, B W & Fulford, M G 1982 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani Dickson, J H 1992 ‘Presidential address Scottish Woodlands; their (Corpus of Roman Sculpture), Great Britain, 1, fasc 2, Bath and the ancient past and precarious present’, Botanical Journal of Scotland Rest of Wessex. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the 46: 155–65. British Academy. Dickson, J H 2000 ‘Bryology and the Iceman: Chorology, Ecology Curle, J 1911 A Roman Frontier Post and its People: the fort at Newstead in and Ethnobotany of the Mosses Neckera complanata Hedw. and the parish of Melrose. Glasgow: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Neckera crispa Hedw’, in Bortenschlager, S & Oeggl, K (eds) The Maclehose & Sons. Iceman and His Natural Environment. The Man in the Ice Volume 4: Darde, D S (ed) 1990 Archéologie a Nîmes. Bilan de 40 Années de 77–88. Vienna: Springer. Recherches et Découvertes: 1950–1990. Nîmes: ARTI. Dickson, J H, Stewart, D A, Thompson, R, Turner, G, Baxter, M S, Davies, G & Turner, J 1979 ‘Pollen diagrams from Northumberland’, Drndarsky, N D & Rose, J 1978 ‘Palynology, palaeomagnetism and New Phytologist 82: 783–804. radiometric dating of Flandrian marine and freshwater sediments Davies, R W 1970 ‘Some Roman Medicine’, Medical History 14, 1: 101–6 . of Loch Lomond’, Nature 274: 548–53. Davies, R W 1971 ‘ e Roman Military Diet’, Britannia 2: 122–42. Dickson, J H, Dickson, C A & Breeze, D J 1979 ‘Flour or bread in a Davies, R W 1974 ‘ e Daily Life of the Roman Soldier under the Roman military ditch at Bearsden, Scotland’, Antiquity 53: 47–51. Principate’, in Temporini, H (ed), Autsteig under Niedergang der Dickson, J H, Dickson, C, Boyd, W E, Newall, P J & Robinson, D E 1985 römischen Welt, II, I: 299–338. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter . ‘The Vegetation of Central Scotland in Roman Times’, Ecologia Déchelette, J 1904 Les Vases céramiques ornés da la Gaule romaine, Mediteranea X I, 1. Paris: Alphonse Picard & Fils, Éditeurs, Librairies des Archives Nationales et de la Société de l’École des Charles, 82, rue Bonaparte, Dickson, J H & Dickson, C 1996 ‘Ancient and modern occurrences 82. of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in the British Isles’, Quaternary D’egido, M G, Nardi, S & Vallega, V 1993 ‘Grain, flour and dough Science Reviews 15: 623–33. characteristics of selected strains of diploid wheat, Triticum Dickson, J H, Oeggl, K, Holden, T, Handley, LL, O’Connell, T & Preston, monococcum L.’, Cereal Chemistry, 70, 3: 298–303. T 2000 ‘The omnivorous Tyrolean Iceman: colon contents (meat, Dickson, C 1981 ‘Wood’, in Keppie, L J F & Murray, J F A ‘A Roman cereals, pollen, moss and whipworm) and stable isotope analyses’, hypocausted building at Falkirk’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 111: 258–9. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 355: Dickson, C 1987a ‘The identification of cereals from ancient bran 1843–9. fragments’, Circaea 4.2: 95–102. Dickson, J H, Richards, M P, Hebda, R J, Mudie, P J, Beattie, O, Ramsay, Dickson, C 1987b ‘Plant remains’, in Hedges, J W, Bu, Gurness and the S, Turner, N J, Leighton, B J, Webster, J M, Hobischak, N R, brochs of Orkney: 137–42. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports Anderson, G S, Troffe, P M, Wigen, R J 2004 ‘Kwäday Dän (British Series 163). Ts’ìnchí, the first ancient body of a man from a North American Dickson, C 1989 ‘The Roman army diet in Britain and Germany’, glacier: reconstructing his last days by intestinal and biomolecular Dissertationes Botanicae 133: 135–54. analyses’, Holocene 14: 481–6. Dickson, C 1990 ‘Experimental Processing and Cooking of Emmer Dickson, J H, Lyth, J R S, Lécrivain, G M-J & Lyth, M M H 2011 ‘The and Spelt Wheats and the Roman Army Diet’, in Robinson, D effects of the hard winter 2009–2010 on common fig trees (Ficus (ed) Experimentation and Reconstruction in Environmental carica L.) in Dalmarnock, Uddingston and Chemilly’, The Archaeology: 33–38. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Glasgow Naturalist 25: 87–8. Dickson, C 1991 ‘Memoirs of a Midden Mavis – the study of ancient Donaldson, A H & Rackham, D J 1984 ‘Environmental work in northern diets and environments from plant remains’, Glasgow Naturalist, England’, in Keeley, H C M (ed), Environmental Archaeology, 22, pt 1: 65–76. a Regional Review No 6: 135–6. London: Department of the Dickson, C 1994 ‘Macroscopic Fossils of Garden Plants from British Environment. Roman and Medieval Deposits’, in Moe, D, Dickson, J H & Dore, J 2004 ‘Roman pottery’, in Bishop, M C, Inveresk Gate: Excavations Jorgensen, P M (eds), Garden History: Garden Plants, Species, in the Roman Civil Settlement at Inveresk, East Lothian, 1996–2000: Forms and Varieties from Pompeii to 1800: 47–72. Ravello: Pact. 101–27. Edinburgh: STAR Monograph 7. Dickson, C 2007 ‘Pollen Analysis’, in Hanson 2007: 566–71. Dore, J 2009 ‘The coarseware’, in Rushworth, A, Housesteads Roman Dickson, C (forthcoming) Plant remains from the Old Kilpatrick Fort – the Grandest Station. Volume 2: the Material Assemblages: Crannog. 500–67. Swindon: English Heritage. Dickson, C & Dickson, J H 1988 ‘The diet of the Roman army in Dore, J N & Wilkes, J W 1999 ‘Excavations directed by J D Leach & deforested central Scotland’, Plants Today, July–August 1988: J J Wilkes on the site of a Roman fortress at Carpow, Perthshire, 121–6. 1964–79’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 129: 481–575.

388 389

Bearsden.indd 388 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

Dragendorff, H 1895 ‘Terra Sigillata: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Foy, D & Nenna, M-D (eds) 2006a Corpus des Signatures et Marques sur Griechischen und Römischen Keramik’. Bonner Jahrbücher 96–7: Verres Antiques 1 – La France. Aix en Provence – Lyon: Association 18–155. Française pour l’Archéologie du Verre. Dubois, S & Mille, B 1995 ‘La céramique à pâte blanche à quartz: Foy, D & Nenna, M-D (eds) 2006b Corpus des Signatures et Marques sur contribution à l’étude d’un faciès régional’, in Tuffreau-Libre, M, Verres Antiques 2. Aix en Provence – Lyon: Association Française & Jacques, A, La céramique du Haut-Empire en Gaule belgique et pour l’Archéologie du Verre. dans les régions voisines: faciès régionaux et courants commerciaux: Foy, D & Nenna, M-D (eds) 2011 Corpus des Signatures et Marques sur 103–30. Nord-Ouest Archéologie. Duncan, J S & Leslie, A 2003 Bearsden Roman Fort, Project 896.2. Verres Antiques 3. Aix en Provence – Lyon: Association Française pour l’Archéologie du Verre. Glasgow: GUARD. Dunwell, A & Ralston, I 1995 ‘Excavations at Inveravon on the Antonine Fraser, M J 1981 A Study of the Botanical Material from Three Medieval Scottish Sites. Unpublished MSc Thesis, University of Glasgow. Wall, 1991’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 125: 521–76. Eckardt, H, 2002 Illuminating Roman Britain. Monographies Fraser, M J & Dickson, J H 1982 ‘Plant Remains’, in Murray, J C (ed), Excavations in the Medieval Burgh of Aberdeen 1973–81: 239–43. Instrumentum 23. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph 2, Edinburgh. Edwards, J 1984 The Roman Cookery of Apicius. London: Rider. Frere, S S 1972 Excavations, Volume I. London: Society of Erdkamp, P 2002a ‘The Corn Supply of the Roman Armies during the Antiquaries of London (Research Report 28). Principate (27 BC–AD 235)’, in Erdkamp, P (ed), 2002b, 47–69. Frere, S S 1980 ‘Hyginus and the First Cohort’, Britannia 11: 51–60. Erdkamp, P 2002b The Roman Army and the Economy. Amsterdam: Frere, S S & Wilkes, J J 1989 Strageath: Excavations within the Roman J C Gieben. Fort, 1973–86. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Espérandieu, E 1911 Musée gallo-romain de Sens. Paris: Imprimerie (Britannia Monograph Series 9). Nationale. Fulford, M 2010 ‘Roman Britain: immigration and material culture’, Espérandieu, E 1918 Receuil général des bas-reliefs, statues et bustes de la in Eckardt, H (ed), Roman Diasporas: Archaeological Approaches Gaule romaine, 7. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. to Mobility and Diversity in the Roman World, 67–78. Portsmouth, Evans, J & Biek, L 1976 ‘Overcooked food residues on pot sherds’, in E A Slater & J A Tate (eds), Proceedings of the 16th International Rhode Island: Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Symposium on Archaeometry. Edinburgh: National Museum of Series 78. Antiquities of Scotland. Funari, P A A 1987 ‘Estudo tipológico das ânforas béticas (Dressel 20) Fairbairn, A S 1991 The role of electron spin resonance spectroscopy in de Ca. 149. d.c.’, Dédalo (San Paulo), 25: 209–33. the identification of preservational bias in archaeological cereal Gassner, V, Jilek, S & Sauer, R 1997 ‘Der Töpferofen von Carnuntum’, assemblages. unpublished BSc dissertation: University of London. in Stiglitz, H (ed), Das Auxiliarkastell Carnuntum 1: Forschungen Fairweather, A D & Ralston, I B M 1993 ‘The Neolithic timber hall at 1977–1988: 179–255. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Balbridie, Grampian Region, Scotland: the building, the date, the Institut (Sonderschriften Bd 29). plant macrofossils’, Antiquity 67: 313–23. Gentry, A P 1976 Roman Military Stone-built Granaries in Britain. Fasold, P &- Hüssen, C M 1985 ‘Römische Grabfunde aus dem östlicher Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 32. Gräberfeld von Faimingen-Phoebiana, Ldkr Dillingen a. d. Donau’. Gerard, J 1633 The Herball or generall historie of Plantes, Enlarged and Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter 50: 289–340. amended by Thomas Johnson. London: Marton & Whitaker. Feacham, R 1974 ‘The Roman Fort at New Kilpatrick, Dunbartonshire’, Giles, R D 2012 Roman Soldiers and the Roman Army, A study of military Glasgow Archaeological Journal 3: 74–7. life from archaeological remains. Oxford: British Archaeological Fenton, A 1978 The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland. Edinburgh: Report, British Series 562. John Donald. Giles, R D forthcoming ‘Analyzing Romans: the Development and Use Ferris, I 2010 ‘The Beautiful Rooms are Empty. Excavations at Binchester of a Military Site and Artefact Database’. Roman Fort, , 1976–81 and 1986–91’, 2. Durham: Gillam, J P 1961 ‘The coarse pottery’, in Steer, K A, ‘Excavations at Durham County Council. Mumrills Roman fort, 1958–60’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 94: 113–29. Finley, M I 1980 Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. London: Chatto & Windus. Gillam, J P 1970 Types of Roman Coarse Pottery Vessels in Northern Britain. : Oriel Press Ltd. Fitzpatrick, A P 1989 ‘The submission of the Orkney Islands to Claudius: new evidence’, Scottish Archaeological Review 6: 24–33. Gillam, J P 1976a ‘Possible changes in plan in the course of the Fitzpatrick, A P 1992 ‘La place des amphores dans l’approvisionnement construction ofh te Antonine Wall’, Scottish Archaeological Forum militaire de l’Ecosse romaine’, in Laubenheimer, F (ed), 1992 7: 51–6. Les amphores en Gaule: production et circulation: 179–83. Paris: Gillam, J P 1976b ‘Coarse fumed ware in North Britain and beyond’, Annales Littéraires de l’université de Besançon, 474 (= Series de Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4: 57–80. Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne, 116). Gillam, J P 1981 ‘Roman pottery and the economy, part ii’, in Anderson, Ford, B 2003 ‘Coarse pottery’, in Holmes, N, Excavation of Roman Sites A C & Anderson, A S (eds), Roman Pottery Research in Britain and at Cramond, Edinburgh. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of North-West Europe: 9–21. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports Scotland (Monograph 23): 58–86. (British Series 123). Fossing, P 1929 Catalogue of the antique engraved gems and cameos. Gillam, J P, Jobey, I M & Welsby, D A 1993 The Roman Bath-house Copenhagen: G E C Gad; London: Humphrey Mitford, Oxford at Bewcastle, Cumbria. Kendal: Cumberland and Westmorland University Press. Antiquarian and Archaeological Society.

388 389

Bearsden.indd 389 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Gillings, M 1991 Ceramic Production in a Roman Frontier Zone. Hanson, W S (ed) 2009 The Army and Frontiers of Rome. Paper offered unpublished PhD thesis, Bradford University. to David J Breeze on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday and his Gimingham, C H 1964 ‘Dwarf Shrub Heaths’, in Burnett, J H (ed), The retirement from Historic Scotland. Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Vegetation of Scotland: 232–89. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 74. Glockner, G 2011 ‘Signs, inscriptions and other designs on Roman glass Hanson, W S & Macinnes, L 1980 ‘Forests, Forts and Fields: A Discussion’, vessels in Austria’, in Foy & Nenna (eds), 2011: 187–208. in Kenworthy, J (ed), ‘Agricola’s Campaigns in Scotland’, Scottish Godwin, H 1975 History of the British Flora, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Archaeological Forum 12: 98–113. Cambridge University Press. Hanson, W S & Maxwell, G S 1986 Rome’s North-West Frontie Gordon, A 1726 Itinerarium Septentrionale. London: the author. Antonine Wall. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Green, F J 1979 ‘Phosphatic mineralisation of seeds from archaeological Hartley, B R 1961 ‘ e Roman Fort at Bainbridge: Excavations of sites’, Journal of Archaeological Science 6: 279–84. 1957–9’, Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society Green, F J 1981 ‘Iron Age, Roman and Saxon crops: the archaeological 11: 107–31. evidence from Wessex’, in Dimbleby, G & Jones, M (eds), The Hartley, B R, 1966 ‘ e Roman fort at Ilkley’, Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Literary and Philosophy Section Environment of Man: the Iron Age to the Anglo-Saxon Period: 129– 12, 2: 23–72. 53. London: Council for British Archaeology (Research Report 87). Hartley, B R 1972 ‘ e Roman Occupation of Scotland: the evidence of Green, M J 1995 Celtic Goddesses. Warriors, Virgins and Mothers. the samian ware’, Britannia 3: 1–55. London: British Museum Press. Hartley, B R & Dickinson, B M 2008a Names on Terra Sigillata: Greene, K 1977 ‘Legionary ware, and the significance of Holt’, in Dore Volume 1 (A to Axo). London: Institute of Classical Studies, & Greene 1977: 113–32. University of London. Greig, J R A 1976 ‘The plant remains’, in Buckland 1976a: 23–8. Hartley, B R & Dickinson, B M 2008b Names on Terra Sigillata: Volume Greig, J R A 1991 ‘The British Isles’, in van Zeist, W, Wasylikowa, K 3 (Certianus to Exsobano). London: Institute of Classical Studies, & Behre, K E (eds), Progress in Old World palaeoethnobotany a University of London. retrospective view on the occasion of 20 years of the International Names on Terra Sigillata: Volume 5 Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany: 299–334. Rotterdam: A A (L to Masclus I U Balkema. Grimes, W F 1930 ‘Holt, Denbighshire: The works depot of the Twentieth Glasgow Legion at Castle Lyons’, Y Cymmrodor 41: 1–235. Archaeological Journal Grinsell, L, Rahtz, P & Warhurst, A 1966 The Preparation of , Archaeological Reports. London: John Baker. Groenmann-van Wateringe, W 1967 Romeins lederwerk uit Valkenburgh Z.H. Groningen: J B Wolters. Gudiol Ricart, J 1936 Los Vidrios Catalanes. Monumenta Cataloniae, 5– III. Barcelona. Hahn, J 1988 ‘Zwei tituli picti auf südspanischen Amphoren aus Ladenburg und Heidelberg’, Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemburg Journal of Roman 13: 395–432. Pottery Studies Hall, A R, Jones, A K G & Kenward, H K 1983 ‘Cereal bran and human faecal remains from archaeological deposits – some preliminary K & McBride, R, ‘Two Flavian to Early Antonine Romano-British observations’, in Proudfoot, B (ed), Site, Environment and Economy, Pottery Kilns at 7a Fisher St, Carlisle’, Journal of Roman Pottery Symposia of the Association for Environmental Archaeology No 3: Studies 15: 106–14. 85–104. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International Hartley, K. F. forthcoming in Maxfield, V A, Excavation at Camelon Series 173). Roman Forts, 1975–1981. Hall, A R, Kenward, H K & Williams, D 1980 Environmental Evidence Hartley, K F & Tomber, R, 2006 A Mortarium Bibliography with from Roman Deposits in Skeldergate. London: Council for British Reference to Roman Britain (with a contribution on Wales by Peter Archaeology (= The Archaeology of York, 14, 3). Webster), Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 13. Hammond, P M 1979 ‘Beetles in Epping Forset’, Essex Naturalist 4: Hartley, K F & Webster, P V 1973 ‘Romano-British Pottery Kilns near 43–60. Wilderspool’, Archaeological Journal 130: 77–103. Hanson, W S 1978 ‘The Organisation of Roman Military Timber- Hartley, K F & Williams, D F 2009 ‘Mortaria (with petrological Supply’, Britannia 9: 293–305. comments)’, in Holmes 2009: 49–58. Hanson, W S 1982 ‘Roman Military Timber Buildings: construction Hassall, M 1983a ‘The building of the Antonine Wall’, Britannia 14: and reconstruction’, in McGrail, S (ed), Woodworking Techniques 262–4. before AD 1500: 169–86. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports Hassall, M W C & Tomlin, R S O 1977 ‘Roman Britain in 1976: II. (International Series 129). Inscriptions’, Britannia 8: 426–49. Hanson, W S 2007 Elginhaugh: A Flavian fort and its annexe. London: Havinga, A J 1971 ‘An experimental investigation into the decay of Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (Britannia Monograph pollen and spores in various soil types’, in Brook, J et al (eds), Series 23). Sporonollenin. London: Academic Press.

390 391

Bearsden.indd 390 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

Hayes, J W 1972 Late Roman Pottery. London: Supplementary Volume Hobson, B 2009 Latrinae et Foricae. Duckworth: London. British School at Rome. Hodgson, N 1995 ‘Were there two Antonine occupations of Scotland’, Helbaek, H 1950 ‘Tollund mandens sidste Maaltid’, Aarbøger f Nordisk Britannia 26: 29–49. Old Kyndighed og Historie: 329–41. Hodgson, N 2003 The Roman fort at Wallsend (Segedunum), Excavations Helbaek, H 1952 ‘Early Crops in Southern England’, Proceedings of the in 1997–8. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Tyne and Wear Museums Prehistoric Society 18: 194–233. Archaeological Monograph 2. Helbaek, H 1953 ‘The Cereals from the Burnt Corn Level’, in Cotton, Hodgson, N 2011 ‘The provenance of RIB 1389 and the Rebuilding of M A & Wheeler, R E M ‘Verulamium 1949’, and Hadrian’s Wall in AD 158’, Antiquaries Journal 91: 59–71. Hertfordshire Architectural and Archaeological Society Transactions: Hodgson, N & Bidwell, P T 2004 ‘Auxiliary barracks in a new light; 89–91. recent discoveries on Hadrian’s Wall’, Britannia 35: 121–57. Helbaek, H 1958 ‘Grauballemandens Sidste Maltid’, Kuml: 88–116. Holbrook, N & Bidwell, P 1991 Roman Finds from Exeter. Exeter: Exeter Helbaek, H 1964 ‘The Isca grain, a Roman plant introduction in Britain’, City Council and Exeter University. New Phytologist 63: 158–64. Helen, T 1975 Organisation of Roman brick production in the first and Holden, T G 1990 for 1988 ‘Transverse cell patterns of wheat and rye second centuries AD. Helsinki: Annales Academiae Scientiarum bran and their variation over the surface of a single grain’, Circaea Fennicae: Dissertationes Humanarum Litterarum 5. 6, 2: 97–104. Henig, M 1978 A corpus of Roman engraved gemstones from British sites. Holland, D G 1972 A Key to the Larvae, Pupae and Adults of the British Species of Elminthidae (= Freshwater Biological Association of Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Science Publications, 26). Henig, M 1993 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani (Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World), Great Britain,1, fasc 7, Roman Sculpture from Holmes, N 2003 Excavation of Roman Sites at Cramond, Edinburgh. the Cotswold region, with Devon and Cornwall. Oxford: Oxford Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (Monograph 23). University Press for the British Academy. Holmes, N & Raisen P 2003 ‘Objects of wood’, in Holmes 2003: 130–2. Henkel, F 1913 Die römanischen Fingerringe der Rheinlande. Berlin: Hooppell, R E 1879 : A Buried City in the County of Durham. Deutsches Archälogischen Instituts. London: Whiting & Co. Hennedy, R 1878 The Clydesdale Flora. Glasgow: H Hopkins. Horsley, J 1732 Britannia Romana. London: John Osborn & Thomas Hermet, F 1934 La Graufesenque (Condatomago) II. Paris: Librairie Longman. Ernest Leroux, 28 Rue Bonaparte, 28. Howard-Davis, C 2009 The Carlisle Millennium Project. Excavations in Hill, P R 1981 ‘Stonework and the Archaeologist: including a stone- Carlisle, 1998–2001, 2, The Finds. Lancaster: Oxford Archaeology mason’s view of Hadrian’s Wall’, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5 ser, 9: North. 1–22. Howe, R W 1965 ‘A summary of estimates of optimal and minimal Hillman, G C 1981 ‘Reconstructing Crop Husbandry Practices from conditions for population increase of some stored product insects’, Charred Remains of Crops’, in Mercer, R (ed), Farming Practice Journal of Stored Products Research 1: 177–84. in British Prehistory: 123–62. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Hubbard, C E 1968 Grasses. 2nd edn. Harmondsworth: Penguin. University Press. Hull, M R 1963 The Roman Potters’ Kilns of Colchester. Oxford: Society Hillman, G C 1984 ‘Traditional husbandry and processing of archaic of Antiquaries of London (Research Report 21). cereals in recent times: the operations, products and equipment Hyland, A 1990 Equus, the Horse in the Roman World. London: Batsford. which might feature in Sumerian texts. Part I: the glume-wheats’, Jacobi, L 1897 Das Römerkastell Saalburg. Homburg, v.d.H: the author. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 1:114–52. Jacomet, S 1987 Prähistorische Getreidefunde Eine Anleitung zur Hillman, G C 1985 ‘Traditional husbandry and processing of archaic Bestimmung prähistorischer Gersten-und Weizenfunde. Basel: cereals in recent times: the operations, products and equipment Botanisches Institut der Universität Abteilung Pflanzensystematik that might feature in Sumerian texts. Part II: the free-threshing und Geobotanik. cereals’, Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 2: 1–32. Hillman, G C & Davies, M S 1990 ‘Measured domestication rates in Jacomet, S & Schlichtherle, H 1984 ‘Der Kleine Pfahlbauweizen Oswald wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation and their Heer’s-Neue Untersuchungen zur Morphologie Neolithischer archaeological implications’, Journal of World Prehistory 4, 2: 157– Nacktweizen-Ähren’, in van Zeist, W & Casparie, W A (eds), 222. Plants and Ancient Man: Studies in palaeoethnobotany: 153–76. Hillman, G C, Robins, G V, Sales, K D, Oduwole, D & McNeil, D A C 1985 Rotterdam: A A Balkema. ‘The use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to determine the Jansen, G C M 2011 ‘Toilets and Health’, in Jansen, G C M, Koloski- thermal histories of ancient cereal grains’, Journal of Archaeological Ostrow, A & Moorman, E M 2011: 157–64. Science 12: 49–59. Jansen, G C M, Koloski-Ostrow, A & Moorman, E M 2011 Roman Hillman, G, Wales, S, McLaren, F, Evans, J & Butler, A 1993 ‘Identifying Toilets, Their Archaeology and Cultural History, Leuven: Peeters. problematic remains of ancient plant foods: a comparison of the Jarrett, M G 1976 Maryport, Cumbria: A Roman Fort and its Garrison. role of chemical, histological and morphological criteria’, World Kendal: Titus Wilson (= Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeology 25, 1: 94–121. Antiquarian and Archaeological Society extra series 22). Hillson, S 1986 Teeth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jasny, N 1944 The Wheats of Classical Antiquity. Studies in History and Hird, L 1997 ‘The coarse pottery’, in Wilmot, T, Birdoswald: Excavations Political Science, Series 62, No 3. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. of a Roman Fort on Hadrian’s Wall and its Successor Settlements: Jessen, K & Helbaek, H 1944 ‘Cereals in Great Britain and Ireland in 1987–92: 233–52. London: English Heritage (Archaeological Report Prehistoric and Early Historic Times’, K danske vidensk Selsk, 3. 14). 2: 1–68.

390 391

Bearsden.indd 391 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Johnson, A 1983 Roman Forts. London: Adam & Charles Black. Keppie, L J F & Arnold, B J 1984 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani Johnson, C P 1862 The Useful Plants of Great Britain. London. (Corpus of Roman Sculpture), Great Britain, 1, fasc. 4, Scotland. Johnston, D A 1995 ‘Carronbridge, Dumfries and Galloway: the Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. excavation of Bronze Age cremations, Iron Age settlements and a Keppie, L J F & Walker, J 1981 ‘Fortlets on the Antonine Wall at Kinneil, Roman camp’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 124: 233–91. Seabegs and Cleddans’, Britannia 12: 91–111. Johnstone, G S 1966 The Grampian Highlands. London (British Regional Kislev, M E 1984 ‘Botanical evidence for naked wheats in the Near Geologies). East’, in van Zeist, W & Casparie, W A (ed), Plants and ancient man studies in palaeoethnobotany: 142–52. Rotterdam, Holland: A Jones, A K G 1982 ‘Human parasite remains: prospects for a quantitive A Balkema. approach’, in Hall, A R & Kenward, H K, Environmental archaeology in the urban context. London: Council for British Archaeology Kloet, G S & Hincks, W D 1977 A Checklist of British Insects, pt 3 (Research Report 43). Coleoptera and Strepsiptera. 2nd edn, pt 3, Rope, R D (ed) (= Royal Entomological Society Handbooks for the Identification of British Jones, A K G 1984 ‘Recent nds of intestinal parasite ova at York, Insects, 11). London. England’, in Haneveld, G T & Perizonius, W R K (eds), Proceedings Knights, B A, Dickson, C A, Dickson, J H & Breeze, D J 1983 ‘Evidence of the Paleopathology Association, Fourth European meeting, 15–19 concerning the Roman Military Diet at Bearsden, Scotland, in the September 1982: 229–33. 2nd Century AD’, Journal of Archaeological Science 10: 139–52. Jones, A K G (forthcoming) ‘Intestinal parasites from ‘Sondrefelt’, Oslo. Knorzer, K-H 1970 Romezeitliche Pflanrzenfunde aus Neuss. Novaesium Jones, A K G 1988 ‘Parasitological investigations’, in Schia, E (ed), De 4, Berlin: Gebr. Mann. arkeologiske utgravninger i Gamlebyen, Oslo. Volume 5 Mindets Körber-Grohne, U 1964 Probleme der Küstenforschung im südlichen Tomt – Sondrefelt: 141–52. Øvre Ervik: Alvheim & Eide. Nordseegebiet. 7, Bestimmungsehlüssel für sub-fossile Juncus- Jones, E W 1959 ‘Biological flora of the British Isles: Quercus L.’ Journal Samen und Gramineen-Früchte: 1–47. Hildersheim: August Lax. of Ecology 47: 169–222. Körber-Grohne, U 1979 Nutzoflanzen und Umwelt im römishen Jones, M J 1975 Roman Fort-Defences to AD 117. Oxford: British Germanien, No 21, Landesmuseum, Stuttgart: 1–80. Archaeological Reports, 21. Körber-Grohne, U & Piening, U 1980 ‘Microstructure of the surfaces Jones, R E, Leslie, A & Johnson P G 2006 ‘Recent geophysical surveys at of carbonised and non-carbonised grains of cereals as observed Roman forts in Central Scotland’, in Jones, R E & Sharpe, L, Going in scanning electron and light microscopes as an additional aid in over Old Ground: 8–28. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports determining prehistoric findings’, Flora 170: 189–228. (British series 416). Körber-Grohne, U , Kobabi, M, Piening, U & Planck, D 1983 ‘Flora und Kennedy, D & Riley, D 1990 Rome’s Desert Frontier from the Air. London: Fauna im Ostkastell von Welzheim’, Forschungen und Berichte Zur Batsford. Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg 14. Stuttgart. Kenward, H K & Williams, D 1979 Biological Evidence from the Krüger, M-L 1970 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, sterreich, Band Roman Warehouses in Coney Street. London: Council for British 1, Fasz 3: Die Reliefs des Stadtgebietes von Carnuntum. 1, Die Archaeology (= The Archaeology of York, 14/2). figürlichen Reliefs. Wien: Bőhlaus. Keppie, L J F 1974 ‘The building of the Antonine Wall: archaeological Krzywinski, K 1979 ‘Preliminaer undersøkelse av planterester i latrine’, and epigraphic evidence’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 105: 151–65. Arkeo: 31–3. Bergen. Keppie, L J F 1975 ‘Stone to clay’, in Robertson et al 1975: 31–125. Kuckuck, H 1973 ‘Utilisation of Iranian genetic material’, Wheat Keppie, L J F 1980 ‘Roman Forts on Castlehill, Bearsden’, Glasgow Information Service 36: 21–6. Archaeological Journal 7: 80–4. Lancaster, L C 2012 ‘A new vaulting technique or early baths in Sussex: the anatomy of a Romano-British invention’, Journal of Roman Keppie, L J F 1983 ‘Roman inscriptions from Scotland: some additions Archaeology 25: 419–40. and corrections to RIB I’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 113, 391–404. Landin, B O 1961 ‘Ecological studies on dung-beetles (Col., Keppie, L J F 1985 ‘Excavations at the Roman Fort of Bar Hill, 1978–82’, Scarabaeidae)’, Opsc Entomol Supplement, 19. Lund: Entomologiska Glasgow Archaeological Journal 12: 49–81. Sallskapet. Keppie, L J F 1998 Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones in the Laubenheimer, F 1985 La production des amphores en Gaule Narbonnaise. Hunterian Museum University of Glasgow. London: Society for the Paris: Annales Littéraires de l’Université de Besançon 327 (= Series Promotion of Roman Studies (Britannia Monograph Series 13). de Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne, 66). Keppie, L J F 2003 ‘A walk along the Antonine Wall in 1825: the travel Laubenheimer, F 1989 ‘Les amphores gauloises sous l’Empire: journal of the Revd John Skinner’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 133: 205–44. recherches nouvelles sur leur production et chronologie’, in Keppie, L J F 2004 ‘A Roman bath-house at Duntocher on the Antonine Lenoir, M, Manacorda, D & Panella, C (eds), Amphores romaines Wall’, Britannia 35: 179–224. et histoire économique: dix ans de recherché: 105–38 (= Paris and Keppie, L J F 2009a ‘The garrison of the Antonine Wall: endangered Rome: Collections de l’École Française de Rome, 114). species or disappearing asset?’, in Morillo, A, Hanel, N & Martín, E Lazar I 2006 ‘Base marks on glass vessels found in the territory of (eds), Limes XX, Estudious Sobre La Frontera Romana, Roman modern Slovenia: Commentary and catalogue’, in Foy & Nenna Frontier Studies: 1135–45. Madrid: Anejos de Gladius 13. (eds) 2006b: 245–61. Keppie, L J F 2009b ‘The Antonine Wall at New Kilpatrick Cemetery, Lennart Johnson, B 1972 ‘Seed protein profiles and the origin of the Bearsden’, Scottish Archaeological Journal 31, 1–2: 49–60. hexaploid wheats’, American Journal of Botany 59 (9): 952–60. Keppie, L J F 2012 The Antiquarian Rediscovery of the Antonine Wall. Liversidge, J 1968 Britain in the Roman Empire. London: Routledge & Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Kegan Paul.

392 393

Bearsden.indd 392 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

Macdonald, G 1911 The Roman Wall in Scotland. Glasgow: James Marlière, W 2003 ’Tonneaux et amphores à Vindolanda: contribution Maclehose & Sons. à la conniassance de l’approvisionnement des troupes stationnées Macdonald, G 1918 ‘Roman Coins found in Scotland’, Proc Soc Antiq sur la frontiére Nord de l’Empire’, in Birley, A, The Excavations of Scot 52: 203–76. 2001–2002, Volume I: 128–79. : Vindolanda Research Macdonald, G 1931 ‘The bath-house at the fort of Chesters (Cilurnum)’, Report 2003. Archaeologia Aeliana, 4 ser, 8: 219–304. Marsh, G 1978 ‘Early second century fine wares in the London area’, Macdonald, G 1933 ‘Notes on the Roman Forts at Rough Castle and in Arthur, P & Marsh, G (eds), Early Fine wares in Roman Britain: Westerwood, with a Postscript’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 67: 243–77. 119–223. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (British Series 57). Macdonald, G 1934 The Roman Wall in Scotland. 2nd edn. Oxford: Marshall, F H 1907 Catalogue of Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Clarendon Press. Roman in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum. London: Macdonald, G 1937 ‘Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica I’, Proc Soc Antiq British Museum Publications. Scot 71: 373–87. Martin, A E 1966 Infra-red instrumentation and techniques. Amsterdam: Macdonald, G 1939 ‘Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica II’, Proc Soc Elsevier. Antiq Scot 73: 214–72. Martin-Kilcher, S 1983 ‘Les amphores romaines à huile de Bétique Macdonald, G & Curle, A O 1929 ‘The Roman Fort at Mumrills, near (Dressel 20 et 23) d’Augst (Colonia Augusta Rauricorum) et Falkirk’, Proc Soc Ant Scot 63: 396–575. Kaiseraugst (Castrum Rauracense). n rapport préliminaire’, in Blazquez and Remesal 1983: 337–47. Macdonald, G & Park, A 1906 The Roman forts on the Bar Hill, Dumbartonshire. Glasgow: Maclehose. Marty, F 2004 ‘La vaisselle de cuisson du port antique de Fos (Bouches- du-Rhône’, S. F. E. C. A. G. Actes du Congrès de Vallauris: 97–128. Macgregor, M & MacGregor, A G 1948 The Midland Valley of Scotland. London (British Regional Geologies). Mason, S L R 1988 A preliminary experimental investigation on some aspects of the charring process in cereal grain. Unpublished MSc. McLaren, F S, Evans, J & Hillman, G C 1991 ‘Identification of charred dissertation: University of London. seeds from SW Asia’, in Pernicka, E & Wagner, G A (eds), Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. Archaeometry 90: Proceedings of the 26th Masser, P 2006 Cramond Roman Fort: Evidence from Excavations at International Symposium on Archaeometry, Heidleberg 1990: 797– Cramond Kirk Hall 1998 and 2001. Scottish Archaeological Internet 806. Report 20, 2006, Electronic Document, journals.socantscot.org/ index.php/sair/article/view/944 accessed 28 January 2020. McIvor, I, Thomas, M C & Breeze, D J 1980 ‘Excavations on the Antonine Wall fort of Rough Castle, Stirlingshire 1957–61’, Proc Soc Antiq Masser, P, Allason-Jones, L, Bateson, D, Evans, J & Willis, S 2004 Scot 110: 230–85. ‘Recent work at Drumquassle Roman Fort, Stirlingshire’, Scottish Archaeological Journal 24 (2): 147–68. Maitland, W 1757 History and Antiquities of Scotland, I. Edinburgh: Millar. Mauné, S & Lescure, J 2008 ‘La typo-chronologie de la céramique brune orangée de Bèxiers (BOB). Etat de la question et perspectives (IIe Mann, J C 1963 ‘The raising of new legions during the Principate’, – IIIe s. apr. J.-C.)’, S. F. E. C. A. G. Actes du Congrès de L’escala- Hermes 91: 483–9. Empuries: 813–36 Manning, W H 1972 ‘The Iron Objects’, in Frere 1972: 163–81. Maxfield, V A forthcoming. Excavations at Camelon Roman Fort 1975– Manning, W H 1974 ‘Objects of Iron’, in Neal, D S (ed), The Excavations 1981. Britannia Monograph Series. of the Roman Villa in Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead, 1963– Maxwell, G 1972 ‘Excavations at the Roman Fort of Crawford, 8: 157–87. London: Society of Antiquaries of London (Research Lanarkshire’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 104: 147–300. Reports 31). Maxwell, G 1974 ‘Objects of glass’, in Rae, A & Rae, V, ‘The Roman fort Manning, W H 1975a ‘Economic influences on land use in the Military at Cramond, Edinburgh; excavations 1954–66’, Britannia 5: 197–9. areas of the Highland Zone during the Roman period’, in Evans, J G, Limbrey, S & Cleere, H (eds) 1975 The effect of Man on the Miller, J 2002 ‘Oakbank Crannog: building a house of plants’, in Ballin Landscape: Highland Zone: 112–16. London: Council for British Smith, B & Banks, I (eds) In the Shadow of the Brochs: 35–44. Archaeological (Research Report 11). Stroud: Tempus. Manning, W H 1975b ‘Roman military timber granaries in Britain’, Miller, J, Dickson, J H & Dixon, N 1998 ‘Unusual Food Plants from Saalburg Jahrbuch 32: 105–29. Oakbank Crannog, Loch Tay, Scottish Highlands: cloudberry, opium poppy and spelt wheat’, Antiquity 72: 805–811. Manning, W H 1976 Catalogue of Romano-British Ironwork in the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle: Newcastle Miller, S N 1922 The Roman Fort at Balmuildy. Glasgow: Glasgow University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle. Archaeological Society. Manning, W H 1985 Catalogue of the Romano-British Iron Tools, Fittings Miller, S N, 1928 The Roman Fort at Old Kilpatrick. Glasgow: Jackson, and Weapons in the British Museum. London: British Museum Wylie & Co. Publications. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1977 Manual of veterinary Manning, W H 2006 ‘The Roman fort at Newstead: the weapons and parasitological laboratory techiques (= Ministry of Agriculture the garrisons’, in Wilson, R J A (ed), Romanitas. Essays on Roman Technical Bulletins 18). London: HMSO. Archaeology in Honour of Sheppard Frere on the Occasion of his Moleworth, G L 1910 Pocket Book of Useful Formulae and Memoranda ninetieth Birthday, 73–94. Oxford: Oxbow. for Civil and Mechanical Engineers. London: E & F N Spon. Marchant, D 1990 ‘Roman Weapons in Great Britain, a case study: Monaghan, J 1987 Upchurch and Thameside Roman Pottery. A Ceramic spearheads, problems in dating and typology’, Journal of Roman Typology for Northern Kent, First to Third Centuries AD. Oxford: Military Equipment Studies 1: 1–6. British Archaeological Reports (British Series 173).

392 393

Bearsden.indd 393 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Money, J H 1974 ‘Clay spacers from the Romano-British bath-house at e Planning of Roads and Walls in Northern Britain Garden Hill, Hartfield, Sussex’, Antiquaries Journal 54: 278–80. Monfort, C C 2002 ‘The Roman military supply during the Principate, transportation and staples’, in Erdkamp, P (ed), 2002: 70–89. Moritz, L 1958 Grain-mills and flour in classical antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moritz, L A & Jones, C R 1950 ‘Experiments in Grinding Wheat in a Romano-British Quern’, Milling 115: 594–6. Y Morris, R & Sears, E R 1967 ‘The cytogenetics of wheat and its relatives’, Aspects of Industry in Roman Yorkshire and the North in Guisenberry, K S & Reitz, L P (eds), Wheat and wheat improve- ment: 19–87. American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI. Morrison, M E S 1959 ‘Carbonised Cereals from the Roman Villa of North Leigh, Oxon’, Oxoniensia 24: 13–21. Murphy, P L & , P E J 1994 ‘A proposed scheme for evaluating plant macrofossil preservation in some archaeological deposits’, Circaea 11: 1:1–6. Romano-British Glass Vessels: a Handbook Newell, P J 1983 ‘Pollen Analysis Report’, in Hanson, W S & Maxwell, G S, ‘Minor Enclosures on the Antonine Wall at Wilderness Plantation’, Britannia 14: 239–43. Ødum, S 1978 Dormant seeds in Danish ruderal soils. An experimental Moudre et broyer. L’interprétation study of relations between seed bank and pioneer flora. Royal fonctionnelle de l’outillage de mouture et de broyage dans la Vetinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm Arboretum. préhistoire et l’Antiquité. I and 2. Paris: Editions CTHS. Denmark. Pseudo-Hyginus, The Fortification of the Camp = Miller, M C J & DeVoto, Osborne, P J 1971 ‘The insect fauna from the Roman harbour’, in J G (eds), 1994 Polybius and Pseudo-Hyginus, The Fortification of Cuncliffe, B (ed), Excavations at Fishbourne, 2: 393–6. London: the Camp. Chicago: Ares Publishers. Society of Antiquaries of London (Research Report 27). Rackham, O 1976 Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape. London: Osborne, P J 1977 ‘Stored product insects from a Roman site at Dent. Droitwich, England’, Journal of Stored Products Research 13: Rackham, O 1980 Ancient Woodland, its history, vegetation and uses in 203–4. England. London: Edward Arnold. Osborne, P J 1983 ‘An Insect Fauna from a Modern Cesspit and Rae, A & Rae, V 1974 ‘The Roman Fort at Cramond: Edinburgh its Comparison with Probable Cesspit Assemblages from Excavations 1954–1966’, Britannia 5: 163–224. Archaeological Site’, Journal of Archaeological Science 10: 453–63. Raistrick, A 1939 ‘Report upon Earth Sample from Fendoch’, in Oswald, F 1936–7 Index of Figure-Types on Terra Sigillata (‘Samian Richmond, I A & McIntyre, J, ‘The Agricolan Fort at Fendoch’, Proc Ware’), Supplement to Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology. Soc Antiq Scot 73: 110–54. Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool. Ramsay, S 1996 ‘Human impact on the vegetation around Walls Hill’, in Peachey, A 2008 ‘Middle Iron Age and Roman pottery’, in Lally, M & Alexander, D (ed), Prehistoric Renfrewshire: 59–63. Renfrewshire Nicholson, K, Fosters End Drove, Blackborough End, East Winch, Local History Forum. . Research Archive Report, Archaeological Solutions Ltd Report 2922. Botanical Journal of Scotland Peacock, D P S & Williams, D F 1986 Amphorae and the Roman economy; Agricultural Implements in Prehistoric and Roman an introductory guide. London: Longman. Britain Pellecuer, C, & Pomaredes, H 1991 ‘La céramique commune “Brune Orangé Biterroise” (B. O. B.): une production languedocienne des IIe-IIIe siècle après J.-C.’, S. F. E. C. A. G. Actes du Congrès de Archaeologia Cognac: 365–83. La Annona Militaris y la exportación de Percival, J 1921 The Wheat Plant. London: Duckworth & Co. aceite betico a Germania U Perring, F H & Walters, S M 1976 Atlas of the British Flora. 2nd edn. Reynolds, P 1995 Trade in the Western Mediterranean, AD 400–700: Wakefield: Botanical Society of the British Isles. the Ceramic Evidence. Oxford: British Archaeological Piggott, S 1953 ‘Three Metal-work Hoards of the Roman Period from Reports (International Series 604). Scotland’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 87: 1–50. Rhodes, M 1980 ‘Leather Footwear’, in Jones, D M, Excavations at Pitts, L & St Joseph, J. K. 1985 Inchtuthil, The Roman Legionary Fortress. Billingsgate Buildings, Lower Thames Street, London 1974: 99–128. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (Britannia London: London and Middlesex Archaeological Society (Special Monograph Series 6). Paper 4). Pliny Natural History, 17–19: Rackham, H, Natural History, Volume 5: Rhodes, M 1986 The Roman Quay at St Magnus House, London. London: Books 17–19. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 20–3: London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Special Paper 8. Jones, W H S, Natural History, Volume VI: Books 20–3. Cambridge, Richardson, B 1986 ‘Pottery’, in Miller, L, Schofield, J & Rhodes, M, Mass: Harvard University Press. The Roman Quay at St Magnus House, London. Excavations at

394 395

Bearsden.indd 394 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

New Fresh Wharf, Lower Thames Street, London 1974–78. London: Salzmann, L F 1908 ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman Fortress at London and Middlesex Archaeological Society (Special Paper 8). Pevensey, 1907–8’, Archaeological Journal 65: 125–35. Richmond, I A 1936 ‘Excavations at High Rochester and Risingham’, Samuel, D 2010 ‘Experimental grinding and Ancient Egyptian flour Archaeologia Aeliana, 4 ser, 13: 170–98. production’, in Ikram, S & Dodson, A (eds), Beyond the Horizon: Richmond, I A 1937 ‘The Roman works at Chew Green, Coquetdalehead’, Studies in Egyptian Art, Archaeology and History in Honour of Archaeologia Aeliana, 4 ser, 14: 129–50. Barry J Kemp: 456–477. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. Richmond, I A 1950 Archaeology and the after-life in pagan and Schmid, E 1972 Atlas of Animal Bones. London: Elsevier Christian imagery. Oxford: OUP. University of Durham Ridell Schönberger, H 1969 ‘The Roman frontier in Germany: an archaeological survey’, Journal of Roman Studies 59: 144–97. Memorial Lecture. Scott, I 1980 ‘Spearheads of the British limes’, in Hanson, W S & Keppie, Richter, G M A 1926 Ancient Furniture. Oxford: Clarendon Press. L J F (eds), Roman Frontier Studies 1979: 333–43. Oxford: British Rinaldi Tu , S 1983 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani (Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World), Great Britain, 1, fasc 3, Yorkshire. Archaeological Reports (International Series 71). Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. Seager Smith, R & Davies, S M 1993 ‘Imported finewares’, in Woodward, Rhodes, M 1980 ‘Leather Footwear’, in Jones, D M, Excavations at P J, Davies, S M & Graham, A H, Excavations at Greyhound Yard, Billingsgate Buildings, Lower Thames Street, London 1974: 99–128. Dorchester 1981–4: 202–13. Dorset Natural History Archaeological London: London and Middlesex Archaeological Society (Special Society Monoographs 12. Paper 4). Sealey, P R 1985 Amphoras from the 1970 Excavations at Colchester Robertson, A S 1957 An Antonine Fort: Golden Hill, Duntocher. Sheepen. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (British Series Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd. 142). Sealey, P R & Tyers, P A 1989 ‘Olives from Roman Spain: a unique Robertson, A S 1975 Birrens (Blatobulgium). Edinburgh: Constable. ampho r nd in British waters’, Antiquaries Journal 69: 53–72. Robertson, A S 2015 The Antonine Wall, 6th edn, revised and edited by Seaward, M R D 1976 e Vindolanda Environment. , Lawrence Keppie. Glasgow: Glasgow Archaeological Society. Northumberland. Robertson, A S, Scott, M & Keppie, L 1975 Bar Hill: A Roman Fort and Setälä, P 1977 Private domini in Roman brick stamps of the Empire. its Finds. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (British Series) 16. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae: Dissertationes Robins, D, Sales, K, Oduwole, D, Holden, T & Hillman, G 1986 ‘Last Humanarum Litterarum 10. Helsinki. Minute Results from ESR Spectroscopy Concerning the Cooking Sibbald, R 1707 Historical Inquiries. Edinburgh: Watson. of Lindow Man’s Last Meal’, in Stead, I M, Bourke, J B & Brothwell, Simpson, F G & Richmond, I A 1941 ‘ e Roman Fort on Hadrian’s Wall D R, Window Man: the body in the bog: 140–2. Cornell University at Benwell’, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4 ser, 19: 1–43. Press. Smaldon, G 1979 British Coastal shrimps and prawns (= Linnean Society Robinson, D E forthcoming ‘Palaeobotanical report on samples from synopses of British fauna 15). the archaeological excavations of the Roman fort at Croy Hill’, in Smith, A J E 1978 e Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge: Hanson, W S, ‘Excavations at Croy Hill’. Cambridge University Press. Robinson, H & Hubbard, R N L B 1977 ‘The Transport of Pollen in the Smout, T C 1997 Scottish Woodland History Essays and Perspectives. Bracts of Hulled Cereals’, Journal of Archaeological Science 4: 197–9. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press. Rodríguez Almeida, E 1981 ‘Varia de Monte Testaceo’, Cuadernos de Spavold, J & Brown, S 2005 Ticknall Pots and Potters from the late Trabajos de la Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma, F i eenth Century to 1888. Trowbridge: Landmark Publishing. 15: 105–64. Sta n eld, J A 1929 ‘ Unusual forms of Terra Sigillata’, Archaeological Rogers, G B 1974 Poteries sigillées de la Gaule central I. Les motifs non Journal 86: 113–50. figurés. Paris: Supplément à Gallia 28, Éditions du Centre National Sta n eld, J A & Simpson, G 1958 Central Gaulish Potters. London: de la Recherche Scientifique, 15, Quai Anatole-France – 75700. Oxford University Press. Rogers, G B 1999 Poteries sigillées de la Gaule centrale II. Les potiers. Steer, K A 1961 ‘Excavations at Mumrills fort, 1958–60’, Proc Soc Antiq Lezoux: Centre Archéologique de Lezoux. Scot 94: 86–132. Rook, T 1978 ‘The Development and Operation of Roman Hypocausted Stuart, R 1852 Caledonia Romana: A Descriptive Account of the ’, Journal of Archaeological Sciences 5: 269–82. Antiquities of Scotland. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Sutherland & Knox. Rottloff A 2011 ‘Bodenmarken auf halbformgeblasenen Gläsern aus Sturtevant, E L 1971 Sturtevant’s Edible Plants of the World, Hedrick, Raetien’, in Foy & and Nenna (eds) 2011: 145–85. U ed). New York: Dover. Roy, W 1793 The Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain. Swan, V G 1992 ‘Legio VI and its men: African legionaries in Britain’, London: Society of Antiquaries of London. Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 5: 1–33. Rushworth, A 2009 . The grandest Station. Swan, V G 1994 ‘ Une tradition de Gallia Narbonensis à york au debut Excavation and Survey at Housesteads, 1954–95, 2. Swindon: du 3ème siècle’, S. F. E. C. A. G., Actes du Congrès de Versailles, Mai English Heritage. 1993: 371–80. Rye, M S 1981 Pottery Technology: Principles and Reconstruction. Swan, V G 1997 ‘Vexillations and the garrisons of Britannia in Washington (= Taraxcum, Manuals on Archaeology 4). the second and early third centuries: a ceramic viewpoint’, in Rymer, L 1976 ‘The history and ethnobotany of bracken’, Botanical Groenman-van Waateringe, W, van Beek, B L, Willems, W J H & Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 151–76. Wynia, S L (eds), Roman Frontier Studies 1995, Proceedings of the Salisbury, E J 1961 Weeds and Aliens. London: New Naturalist (New XVIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. Oxford: Naturalist Series 43). Oxbow (Monograph 91): 289–94.

394 395

Bearsden.indd 395 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliography

Swan, V G 1999 ‘ e Twentieth Legion and the history of the Antonine Turner, J 1965 ‘A contribution to the history of forest clearance’, Wall reconsidered’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 129: 399–480. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 161: 343–53. Swan, V G 2002 ‘ e Roman pottery of Yorkshire in its wider historical Turner, J 1975 ‘The evidence for land use by prehistoric farming context’, in Wilson, P & Price, J (eds), Aspects of Industry in Roman communities: the use of three dimensional pollen diagrams’, in Yorkshire and the North: 35–79. Oxford: Oxbow. Evans, J G, Limbrey, S & Cleere, H, (eds): 86–95. Swan, V G 2004 ‘The historical significance of “legionary wares” in Turner, J 1979 ‘The Environment of northeast England during Roman Britain’, in Vermeulen, F, Saas, K & Dhaeze, W (eds), Archaeology in times as shown by Pollen Analysis’, Journal of Archaeological Confrontation. Aspects of Roman Military Presence in the Northwest. Science 6: 285–90. Studies in Honour of Prof. Em. Hugo Thoen. Archaeological Reports Tyers, P 1996 Roman Pottery in Britain. London: Batsford. Ghent University 2: 259–85. Urtuega, M M & López Colom, M del M 2000 ‘Aperçu des principaux Swan, V G 2008 ‘Builders, suppliers and supplies in the Tyne-Solway groupes de production mis en évidence lors des fouilles du port region and beyond’, in Bidwell, P (ed), Understanding Hadrian’s d’Irún’, S. F. E. C. A. G. Actes du Congrès de Libourne, 2000: 129–44. Wall: 49–82. South Shields: Arbeia Society. Valamoti, S M 2013 ‘Towards a distinction between digested and Swan, V G 2009 Ethnicity, Conquest and Recruitment: Two Case Studies undigested glume bases in the archaeobotanical record from from the Northern Military Provinces. Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Neolithic northern Greece: A preliminary experimental Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 72. investigation’, Environmental Archaeology 18(1): 31–42. Swan, V G, McBride, R & Hartley, K F, 2009 ‘The coarse pottery’, in Vegas, M 1994 ‘La Céramique du “camp” à Simitthus’, in Rakob, F (ed), Howard-Davis, C, The Carlisle Millennium Project. Excavations in Simitthus II, Vol. III: 141–247. Mainz: Zabern. Carlisle 1998–2001. Vol. 2, The Finds: 566–660. Lancaster: Lancaster Imprints 15. Vegetius, Epitome Rei Militare = Milner, N P (translater) 1993 Vegetius: Swan, V G & Monaghan, J 1993 ‘Headpots: a North African tradition in Epitome of Military Science. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Roman York’, Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 65: 21–38. Vernhet, A 1981 ‘Un four de La Graufesenque (Aveyron). La cuisson des Symonds, R & Wade, S 1999 Roman Pottery from Excavations in vases sigillés’, Gallia 39: 25–43. Colchester, 1971–86. Colchester Archaeological Report 10. Wallace-Hadrill, A 2011 Herculaneum. Past and Future. London: Tagg, H F 1911 ‘Appendix: Vegetable remains’, in Curle 1911: 353–61. Lincoln. Tannahill, R 1988 Food in History. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Walters, H B 1908 Catalogue of the Roman pottery in the Department of Tatton-Brown, T W T 1980 ‘Camelon, Arthur’s O’on and the main Antiquities of the British Museum. London: The British Museum. supply base for the Antonine Wall’, Britannia 11: 340–3. Walters, H B 1914 Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Lamps in the Taylor, J 1991 e Roman pottery from Castle Street, Carlisle: British Museum. London: The British Museum. Excavations 1981–2. Carlisle Archaeological Unit: Cumberland and Webster, G 1979 ‘Final Report on the Excavations of the Roman Fort Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Research at Waddon Hill, Stoke Abbot, 1963–69’, Proceedings of the Dorset Report 5. Natural History and Archaeological Society 10: 51–90. Terrisse, J-R 1968 Les céramiques sigillées gallo-romaines des Martes- Webster, P V 1972 ‘Severn Valley ware on Hadrian’s Wall’, Archaeologia deVeyre (Puy-de Dôme). Paris: Supplément à Gallia 19, Éditions du Aeliana 4 ser. 50: 191–203. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 15, Quai Anatole- Webster, P V 1977 ‘Severn Valley ware on the Antonine Frontier’, in France – 75 – Paris VIIe. Dore & Greene 1977: 163–76. Thomas, G D 1988 ‘Excavations at the Roman civil settlement at Webster, P V, Hartley, K F, Marvell, A G & Sell, S H 2004 ‘A Roman Inveresk, 1976–77’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 118: 139–76, fiche 1: A4–2; pottery kiln at Abernant Farm, , Gwent (NGR ST 3680 D6. 9240)’, Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 11: 89–111. Thompson, K & Grime, J P 1979 ‘Seasonal variation in the seed banks of Welfare, A T 1985 ‘The Millingstones’, in Bidwell, P T 1985: 154–64. herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats’, Journal of Ecology 67: 893–921. Werff, J H van der 1982 Uzita: Vondstenmateriaal uit een antieke Nederzetting in Midden-Tunisie, Utrecht: unpublished thesis for Tinsley, H H & Smith, H T 1974 ‘Surface pollen studies across a Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. woodland/heath transition and their application to the inter- pretation of pollen diagrams’, New Phytologist 73: 547–65. Werff, J H van der 1984 ‘Roman amphorae at Nijmegen – a preliminary Tite, M S 1972 Methods of Physical Examination in Archaeology. London: report’, Berichten Rijksdienst Oudheidkundige Bodemonderzoek 34: Seminar Press. 347–87. Thorburn, J E 2003 ‘Lixae and calones: following the Roman army’, Werff, J H van der 1989a ‘Sekundäre Graffiti auf römischen Amphoren’, Classical Bulletin 79, 1: 47–61. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 4: 361–76. Thorpe, W A 1934 ‘A glass jug of Roman date from Turriff, Aberdeenshire’, Werff, J H van der 1989b ‘Colijnsplaat’, in Heeringen, R M van, Proc Soc Antiq Scot 68: 439–4. ‘Archeologische kroniek van Zeeland over 1988’, Archief koninklijk Tomber, R & Dore, J 1998 The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection: Zeeuwsch genootschap wetenschappen 1989: 138–40. a Handbook. London: Museum of London Archaeological Series Wild, J P 1970 ‘Button-and-Loop Fasteners in the Roman Provinces’, Monograph 2. Britannia 1: 137–55. Tomlin, R S O 1998 ‘Roman manuscripts from Carlisle: the ink-written Will, B & Sneddon, D 2010 16 Roman Road, Bearsden, Glasgow: GUARD tablets’, Britannia 29: 31–84. Project 2758. Toynbee, J C M 1973 Animals in Roman Life and Art. London: Thames Willcox, G H 1977 ‘Exotic Plants from Roman waterlogged sites in & Hudson. London’, Journal of Archaeological Science 4, 3: 269–82.

396 397

Bearsden.indd 396 28/03/2016 17:30 BEARSDEN: A ROMAN FORT ON THE ANTONINE WALL bibliographY

Willcox, G H 1991 ‘Carbonised plant remains from Shotughai, Wilson, P R (ed) 2002 : Roman Catterick and its Afghanistan’, in Renfrew, J M (ed), New Light on Early Farming hinterland. Excavations and research, 1958–1997, vol 1. York: Recent Developments in alaeoethnobotany: 139–53. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 128. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Winbolt, S E & Goodchild, R G 1940 ‘ e Roman Villa at Lickfold, Williams, D 1978 ‘Wooden objects’, in MacGregor, A, Roman finds from Wiggonholt’, Sussex Archaeological Collections 81: 54–67. Skeldergate and Bishophill: 47–50. London: Council for British Winton, A L 1916 e Microscopy of Vegetable Foods. London: Chapham Archaeology (= The Archaeology of York, 17, 2). & Hall. Williams, D F 1983 ‘Petrology of Ceramics’, in Kempe, D R C & Harvey, Winton, A L & Winton, K B 1932 e structure and composition of foods, A P (eds), The Petrology of Archaeological Artefacts. London: Vol I Cereals, nuts, oil-seeds. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Clarendon Press. Wood eld, C 2005 ‘Rare tazze, paterae and a broad hint at a lararium Williams, D F & Evans, J 1991 ‘A fragment of a probable Roman Clibanus from Lactodorum (Towchester)’, Journal of Roman Pottery Studies from Catterick, ’, Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 12: 209–12. 4: 51–3. Wood eld, P & Wood eld, C 1989 ‘ e Rib Vaulting Tiles’, in Williams, D F & Peacock, D P S 1983 ‘ e importation of olive oil into Woodfield, C ‘A Roman Site at Stanton Low, on the Great Ouse, Iron Age and Roman Britain’, in Blazquez and Remesal 1983: 263– 80. Buckinghamshire’, Archaeological Journal 146: 249–52. Wilmott, T 1997 Birdoswald, Excavations of a Roman fort on Hadrian’s Zienkiewicz, J D 1986 The Legionary Fortress Baths at Caerleon. Cardiff: Wall and its successor settlements: 1982–92. London: English National Museum of Wales. Heritage (Archaeological Report 14). Zeist, W van 1976 ‘On macroscopic traces of food plants in South- Wilson, A 2011 ‘Toilets’, in Jansen, G C M, Koloski-Ostrow, A & western Asia’, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 275: 27–41. Moorman, E M 2011: 99–106. Zohary, D 1971 ‘Origin of South-west Asiatic cereals: Wheats, Barley, Wilson, D G 1975 ‘The Botanical Setting of the Roman Fort of Birrens, Oats and Rye’, in Davies, P H et al (eds), Plant Life in South-West Dumfriesshire’, in Robertson, A S 1975: 259–68. Asia: 235–63. Edinburgh: Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Wilson, D G 1979 ‘Horse Dung from Roman Lancaster: A Botanical Zohary, D & Hopf, M 1993 Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Report’, Archaeo-Physika 8: 331–50. Oxford Science Publications: Oxford University Press.

396 397

Bearsden.indd 397 28/03/2016 17:30