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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ALFRED JOSEPH WHITE Interviewed By

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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ALFRED JOSEPH WHITE Interviewed By The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ALFRED JOSEPH WHITE Interviewed by: John J. Harter Initial interview date: September 17, 1997 Copyright 2001 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Pennsyl ania; raised in Pennsyl ania and New York Syracuse Uni ersity; Georgetown Uni ersity U.S. Army Entered Foreign Ser ice - 195, State Department - International E.change Program - Staff Aide 195,-1958 0eception 1enter Branch Fidel 1astro State Department - FSI - German 2anguage Training 1958 Bremen, Germany - 4ice 1onsul 1959-1951 Inspection En ironment Industry State Department - IN0 - Eastern Europe Section 1951-1952 7hartoum, Sudan - Economic and 1onsular Officer 1952-1958 North-South problems Egypt Missionaries Dam construction AID Go ernment En ironment U.S. relations Turin, Italy - Deputy Principal Officer 1958-1955 FIAT Oli etti 2abor relations 1 U.S. interests Har ard Uni ersity - Economic Studies 195, State Department - FSI - Economic Studies 195, Department of 1ommerce - German/Dutch/Italian Affairs 195,-1959 International Business Weekly 1E0P Field offices Issues State Department - European Bureau - Italy, Austria, and Switzerland - Economic Officer 1959-19,2 A iation Ambassadors (foreign) Trade E.port controls 4ienna, Austria 19,2-19,5 Ambassador MacArthur History Detente Negotiations East-West Trade 1enter En ironment Ni.on Agriculture 7issinger OPE1 State Department - Office of A iation - A iation Policy and Programs 19,5-19,9 A iation Act 1oncorde I1AO Montreal 1onference Hijackings Senator Ja its A iation accidents Paris negotiations 2anding rights 1uba Fares and routes A iation safety 0ome, Italy - NATO Defense 1ollege 1980 2 Description Ankara, Turkey - Economic Section - Financial Officer 1980-1988 Economic Support Funds En ironment Security Politics Go ernment Economy 0elations International aid A iation History 0eligion Greece 0ome, Italy - Economic 1ounselor 1988-198, Politics European 1ommunity Issues Achille 2auro Autos 1onsulates 0egionalism En ironment State Department - Iran-1ontra Task Force 198, State Department - FSI - Spanish 2anguage Training 198, 1aracas, 4enezuela - Economic 1ounselor 198,-1990 En ironment Oil Strategic oil reser e Go ernment Politics 1arlos AndrCs PCrez (1AP) Trade issues 1oup dDCtat (1992) State Department - European Bureau - 1ommercial Affairs 1990-1993 1ommerce Department liaison 1ommercial, 2egislati e, and Public Affairs Office (12P) 1ongressional relations Press briefings U.S. business EBill of 0ightsF 3 1ontacts 1ommercial attachCs Foreign 1ommercial Ser ice 1ommercial Action Plan America Desk 0etirement 1993 Senior Ad isor to 1oordinator for Business Affairs 0on Brown re iew Strategic 1ommercial Plan Turf wars Assessments U.S. go ernment commercial assistance INTERVIEW Q: This is an interview with Alfred Joseph White. Today is September 17, 1997. I am John Harter and I am interviewing Al White under the auspices of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. This is the first of a series of interviews on Al)s life and career. To begin now, could you say a few words about your own origins, where you were born and raised, and something about your background? WHITE: IHd be happy to do that. I was born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl ania, on August 15, 1929, that rather fateful year in world history. My father was a lawyer. He had been born and bred on a farm in northern New York state. He went through college on a scholarship and studied law. My mother was from Scranton, Pennsyl ania. While I was born in Philadelphia, we left there shortly after that, and I grew up in Scranton, Pennsyl ania, my motherHs home town. After I finished grammar school, I went up to Utica, New York, in my fatherHs part of the country, finishing high school there in 198,. I had thought all along that I would be a doctor because my uncle was a doctor and I was Iuite influenced by him. I had studied science in high school and had decided to go into a pre-med course. Syracuse Uni ersity, o ercrowded with eterans who had ser ed during World War II, had just opened a branch in Utica, New York. This was ery con enient for me because I could stay at home and go to college. I spent two years in a pre-med course at this branch of Syracuse Uni ersity. Q: Was there anything in your early life which attracted your interest in the world outside the ,nited States? Did you think seriously about a career in this direction? WHITE: ThatHs a ery good Iuestion. On the face of it I had grown up in a medium-sized city, far from Washington, D1. Howe er, I grew up in a household where, e ery night at 8 the dinner table, I heard a great deal about what was going on in the world. In the 1930s, of course, a lot was happening in the world. An aunt of mine had been in Europe after she graduated from college. I had two uncles who had ser ed in the U.S. Army in Europe during World War I. At the dinner table e ery night we had a ery li ely discussion about what was happening in the world. 4ery early in my life I heard references to names like Mussolini, Hitler, and, of course, President Franklin D. 0oose elt. Q: Storm clouds were rising on the hori-on? WHITE: 4ery definitely. It was a ery grim time, probably one of the most tragic decades in world history. In fact, itHs been called JThe Tragic Decade,J which it was. Howe er, for a kid growing up, it was also ery fascinating and e.citing, as dangerous things can be. So I absorbed all of that, not thinking that the international field was anything that I wanted to get into at that particular point. As I said, my uncle was a doctor, and I assumed all along that that was what I would become. Howe er, I had a real interest in world affairs. I noted that e en when I was in pre-med, I always seemed to find time to a oid studying things like zoology, which I despised, and found myself doing a lot of reading on current e ents. I took courses in history. Q: .ou were aware of the interconnections between what was happening elsewhere in the world and what was happening in the ,.S.? WHITE: 4ery much so. Bear in mind that this was what historians call a Jseminal period,J when a great deal was happening, particularly during the period immediately following World War II. IHm talking about the years from 198, to 1989, some 50 years ago. That was the period of the emergence of the JTruman Doctrine,J the NATO KNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationL Alliance, and the Marshall Plan. All of these things were de eloping. They were Je.plodingJ in the headlines e ery day. I would say that the entire country was going through a period of intense interest in foreign affairs. I say the Jentire country.J Ob iously, this is an e.aggeration. Many people didnHt know or care about international affairs. Howe er, if you had an interest in world affairs, an awful lot was happening. Q: As an impressionable, young man, wherever you turned, events in the world were penetrating your awareness. WHITE: E.actly. At that point the road led to Washington. I wanted to finish college at Georgetown Uni ersity. Q: What interested you about /eorgetown? WHITE: My uncle had gone to Georgetown Medical School, and I still wanted to go to Medical School. I thought that if I went to Georgetown Uni ersity as a undergraduate, I 5 might ha e a better chance of getting into Georgetown Medical School. I was able to transfer to Georgetown. I donHt suppose that it happened suddenly but when I got to Georgetown, I found that I had gradually come to the conclusion that medicine really wasnHt for me. Q: .ou didn)t like to dissect frogs? WHITE: ThatHs right. That wasnHt the intellectual part of medical studies. E en to this day I can curl up with a book on endocrinology or some relati ely strange aspect of medicine. I found out that there was an important element that people donHt think ery much about when they talk about what kids can do or fields that they can follow. ItHs not just a Iuestion of intellectual stimulation. There is also a Iuestion of temperament. E ery profession reIuires a certain kind of temperament. Ob iously, a doctor canHt be sIueamish. He canHt be a person who faints at the sight of blood. ThatHs a Iuestion of temperament. It has nothing to do with studying anatomy or physiology. In those biological lab periods, which I came to detest, I had to cut up little pig embryos and things like that. I found that appalling. I suddenly realized on transferring to Georgetown that medicine just wasnHt for me. Q: That left a vacuum, and then all of your interest and concern with the world outside the ,.S. came to the fore. WHITE: E.actly. At this time I was in Washington, where all of these e ents were happening. Ha ing decided that I did not want to pursue a career in medicine, the Iuestion was, what did I want to doM At that point I decided to take a Jlea e of absence.J I left Georgetown and got a job at Johns Hopkins Uni ersity in Washington. They had an JOperations 0esearchJ office there, and I got a job as a clerk. The work there was rather pleasant. I met ery interesting, brilliant people. I think that, ery often, a change of direction is what young people need at that point, by the way.
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