25464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975
CONFIRMATIONS to be assigned to a position of im portance To be lieutenant general and responsibility designated by the Presi- Executive nominations confirmed by dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, Maj. Gen. Devol Brett, xxx-xx-xxxx FR (ma- the Senate July 28, 1975: jor general, R egular A ir F orce), U .S . A ir in grade as follows: Force. U.S. AIR FORCE To be lieutenant general The following officer under the provisions The following officer under the provisions M aj. Gen. Charles E. Buckingham, xxx-xx-x... of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, xxx-... FR (major general, R egular A ir Force), to be assigned to a position of importance to be assigned to a position of im portance U.S. Air Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- and responsibility designated by the Presi- The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066 in grade as follows: in grade as follows: to be assigned to a position of im portance To be general To be lieutenant general and responsibility designated by the Presi- Lt. Gen. Felix M . R ogers, FR dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, xxx-xx-xxxx Maj. Gen. Kenneth L. Tallman, xxx-xx-xxxx (major general, Regular A ir Force), U.S. A ir (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. A ir in grade as follows: Force. Force. To be lieutenant general The following officer under the provisions The following officer under the provisions Maj. Gen. Wilbur L. Creech, xxx-xx-xxxx FR of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066 of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, (brigadier general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. to be assigned to a position of importance to be assigned to a position of im portance Air Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- and responsibility designated by the Presi- The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, grade as follows: grade as follows: to be assigned to a position of im portance To be lieutenant general To be general and responsibility designated by the Presi- M aj. Gen. John F. Gonge, xxx-xx-xxxx FR Lt. Gen. Robert E. Huyser, xxx-xx-xxxx FR dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in (major general, Regular A ir Force), U.S. A ir (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. A ir grade as follows: Force. Force. To be lieutenant general The following officer under the provisions The following officer under the provisions Maj. Gen. Thomas W. Morgan, xxx-xx-xxxx of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, FR (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. to be assigned to a position of im portance to be assigned to a position of im portance Air Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- and responsibility designated by the Presi- The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8068, dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, in grade as follows: grade as follows: to be assigned to a position of im portance To be lieutenant general To be general and responsibility designated by the Presi- M aj. Gen. R aymond B. F urlong, xxx-xx-x... Lt. Gen. Daniel James, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx FR dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in xxx... 7 F R (b rigad ier gen eral, R egu lar A ir (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. A ir grade as follows: Force) , U.S. Air Force. Force. To be general The following officer under the provisions T he following officer for appointment as Lt. Gen. William J. Evans, xxx-xx-xxxx FR of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066 S u rgeo n G en eral o f th e A ir F o rce in th e (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. A ir to be assigned to a position of im portance grade of lieutenant general under the pro- Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- visions of section 8036, title 10 of the United dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in States C ode: The following officer under the provisions of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, grade as follows: Maj. Gen. George E. Schafer, xxx-xx-xxxx FR To be lieutenant general (brigadier general, R egular A ir Force, M edi- to be assigned to a position of im portance cal), U.S. Air Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- M aj. Gen. George G. Loving, Jr., xxx-xx-x... The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in xxx-... FR (major general, R egular A ir Force), of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, grade as follows: U.S. Air Force. to be assigned to a position of im portance To be lieutenant general The following officer under the provisions of title 10, 'United States Code, section 8066, and responsibility designated by the Presi- M aj. Gen. George Rhodes, xxx-xx-xxxx FR dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, (major general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. A ir to be assigned to a position of im portance in grade as follows: Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- To be lieutenant general The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in grade as follows: Maj. Gen. William Y. Smith, xxx-xx-xxxx FR of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, (brigadier general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. to be assigned to a position of im portance To be lieutenant general Air Force. and responsibility designated by the Presi- M aj. Gen. Robert T. Marsh, xxx-xx-xxxx FR The following officer under the provisions dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in (brigadier general, R egular A ir Force), U.S. of title 10, United States C ode, section 8066, grade as follows: Air Force.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
THE MARIANA ISLANDS are the specific and worthwhile benefits S tates citizenship and sovereignty-for the which the United States would receive northern M ariana island chain in the west- from this new association?" ern Pacific. HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. A fter perfunctory moments of debate with The Senior Senator from Virginia is in fewer th an 2 5 m em bers on th e floor, th e OF VIRGINIA thorough agreement with the Times that House of R epresentatives gave its approval IN'THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the burden of proof is on the advocates by voice vote last week to the country's first Monday, July 28, 1975 of annexation. To date, the Senator from territorial annexation since 1925. T he A d- Virginia has not heard a convincing case. ministration is seeking equally rapid and un- Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- I ask unanimous consent that the edi- questioning action by the S enate. dent, the New York Times, in an editorial torial from the New York Times of Mon- T here are countless questions about this today, called attention to what it calls whole issue which have yet to be considered day, July 28, captioned "Destiny Un- by more than a handful of the C ongress, in- "a far-reaching strategic commitment manifest" be printed in the Extension of v o lv in g th is co u n try 's relatio n s w ith th e that Americans may come to regret." Remarks. U nited N ations and with the other peoples The Times is referring to the proposal There being no objection, the editorial of the Pacific T rust T erritory, not to m en- to grant Commonwealth status-hence was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tion the entire defense and strategic posture U nited S tates citizenship and sover- as follows: of the U nited S tates in the Pacific. "Commonwealth" Is a vague juridical term, eignty-for the M ariana Islands in the [From the New York Times, M onday, but under the covenant approved by a vast western Pacific. July 28, 1975] These islands have a population of majority of the M arianas population in a DESTINY UNATANIFEST plebiscite last month, the islands would re- 14,000 persons. W ith a haste that is both unnecessary and ceive financial and legal privileges even more The N ew York Times states that "it om inous, the C ongress is m oving toward generous in some ways than those accorded seems to us that the burden of proof rubber-stam p approval of a far-reaching the other American commonwealth, Puerto falls upon advocates of annexation to strategic com m itm ent that A m ericans m ay R ico. T he strangest feature in the present justify why the United States should ex- come to regret. T his is the convenant grant- discussion-or lack thereof-is the ease with tend its responsibilities in this way. What in g co m m o n w ealth statu s-h en ce U n ited which a political change of this m agnitude July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25465 1s contemplated; many legislators seem to re would force us to depend on Russia for nlzations Have sought to increase their in gard lt as the most natural development ln a defense-related metal. This Is viewed come by investing 1n the very industries the world for the United States simply to ex · as a serious threat to national security. they criticize most. tend citlzensh1p and sovereignty r.o another Opponents say U.N. sanctions were al Stocks and bonds ot companies tnvolved people who have asked for lt. in offsho.re oil drilllng, the Alaska pipeUne, It seems to us that the burden of proof ways improper became international logging, strip minlng. pesticides and nuclear falls upon advocates of annexation to ju.stij;y peace was not at stake. They believe an power-to name a few-have appeared in en why the United States should extend its embargo against Rhodesia would be Vironmental group investment portfoUos. responsibilities 1n this way. What are the hypocritical because we now trade openly The Audubon Society's quest tor capital specific and worthwhile benefits which the with other unenlightened governments. has gone beyond paper securities Into con United States would receive from this new Observers predict that under the pro tracting for the extraction of oil and gas from association? Perhaps eventually a convincing posed ban, manufacturers would still its largest wildlife sanctuary. case will be made. A series of legal steps Ues purchase Rhodesian chromite and ferro Audubon's wells are located in the society's ahead before the change can be effected. In 26,861-acre Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctu cluding far from automatic approval by the chrome through third parties, and at in ary-a maze of bayou and marshland in United Nations, which assigned Pacific trust flated prices. They say our present stock southwest Louisiana that serves as wtn~r obligations to the United States in 1947. pile cannot meet growing demands, so ing grounds for hundreds of thousands of But this is the first and last formal oc we need Rhodesian imports as an on snow and blue geese. casion for Congress to express its will on going supplement. Although small by oil industry standards, joining the Marianas to the United States. How the Congress 1·esolves this con the society's oil and gas operation last year If the Senate allows itself to be steam-rolled trovel'SY depends on how it defines the returned about $300,000 in mineral rights tnto a Uttle-understood. proposition now, it question-as a matter of international revenue paid by Cities Service and other ex will be on weak ground to complain once the tractors. And the income has been rising problems arise. obligation, humanitarian concerns, or with the upward splral in energy prices. pragmatic needs. "It's all done with the utmost care to do no damage to the environment whatever. We have strict contracts With requirements to protect the environment," said Audubon Vice RHODESIAN CHROME EMBARGO ENVmONMENTALINVESTING: HAVE President George Porter. THE ECOLOGISTS SOLD OUT? "It's way away from where the geese nest. II you went there, you wouldn't see tt." HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Audubon is not the only group to del'ive OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL income from environmentally controversial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ILLINOIS industries. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVEs The 150,000-member Sierra Club and the Monday, July 28, 1975 Sierra Club Foundation have held stocks and Monday, July 28# 1975 bonds in such firms as: Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, importa Exxon Corp., the world's largest on com tion of chrom.ite and ferrochrome from Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I am pany and holder of a 25% interest in the southern Rhodesia has precipitated a greatly intrigued at the revelation by the Alaska pipeline. conftlct between national security inter Los Angeles Times that many of the Na General Motors Corp. a major target of ests and U.N. obligations. tion's most vocal and prestigious environ criticism from environmental and public in- In the near future, the House may mental groups have become stockholders terest groups. · consider legislation to ban such imports in the polluting corporations which they Tenneco, a diversified firm with Interests from Rhodesia. Passage of the bill would so ene1·getieally attack. in offshore drilling, manufacture of carcino Some have viewed this as a blot on the genic polyvinyl chloride, and leases. or cut restore U.s. compliance with the United ting rights, on about 468,000 acres of timber Nations sanctions against southern Rho credibility of the groups involved, the land. desia's white minority government. Environmental Defense Fund, the Sierra Steel companies criticized for having the This political/moral issue is further Club, the Audubon Society, and others. worst pollution records in the industry; complicated since chrome ore is essential But I do not think of it as a sell-out. I Public Service Co. of Colorado, a finn that for certain defense and industrial needs. think of it rather as a testimony to the is funding development of gas-cooled breeder The United States mines little chromite free entet1)rise system. reactors, which have come under severe at and is completely dependent on imports One of the great problems of a so tack from environmentalists. cialist economic system, albeit a seldom The list goes on to include strip-mining and the national stockpile. South Africa, firms With 53 leases covering nearly 180,000 the Soviet Union, Turkey, and Rhodesia discussed one, is this: How can one who acres and pulp-mill operators cited by en possess the world's la1·gest reserves of wishes to dissent acquire the wherewithal vironmentalists for their poor water pollu high-grade chromite. to promote his ideas. In our system, the tion controls. Supporters of a ban contend U.S. viola capitalist system, there is no such prob And there are other environmental groups tions of the U.N. sanctions sets a poor lem, because anyone, no matter what his with eyebrow-raising investment portfolios precedent, weakens international law, political ideas may be, has only to wisely such as the Environmental Defense Fund, and reduces American ir..tegrity. utilize the great engine of enterprise in which has been a major crusader for environ In addition, those pushing for an em order to reap the benefits thereof, bene mental causes in the courts. his The question, of course, is why prominent bargo say that since these exports to the fits which he may at choosing then organizations such as these would have such United States p1·ovide the largest source apply to the promotion of his ideas. investments at a time when virtually every of Rhodesian foreign exchange, the This is exactly what the environmental major American institution 1s awash 1n ethi United States is in the morally question groups are doing through their invest cal questions. able position of strengthening the mi ments, and I applaud them for it. It The answer, phrased various ways by dif nority white regime. Cor..tinued trade would indeed be a shame if some of their ferent spokesmen, is money. with Rhodesia, they assert, threatens re more vocal fringe supporters, bent on the "The reason why we have investments is that people have donated money to use,'' said lations with other blac~ African nations, destruction of free enterprise, should killing that Colburn S. Wilbur, executive secretary of the and could jeopardize long-term chrome succeed, thereby the goose Sierra Club Foundation. supplies when apartheid is ultimately has produced for them, as for all Ameri "There is a ftoat period where, 1f somebody supplanted by majority black rule. cans, such marvelously impartial and so donates money for a particular program, it Proponents of the bill contend that cially useful golden eggs. takes a couple of years before that program steel manufacturers can bypass Rhodesia I would like to have the article discuss is flnlshed and during that time, rather than since supplies are available from other ing the environmentalists' portfolios keep money in cash, we Invest it, hoping to nations and our national stockpile sur printed here in the RECORD: bring in additional cash." plus. They say Rhodesian ferrochrome [From. the Los Angeles Times, July 20, 1975] The cost of running a major environmental organization can soar into the mUllons. imports have adversely affected the do ENVIRONMENT GROUPS INVEST IN THE When available cash falls short of operat mestic ferrochrome industry. POLLUTERS ing expenses, environmental groups borrow Antiembargo factions warn that the (By Wllllam Rood) against their securities. Nation's appetite for chrome is acceler Almost always hungry for funds, a number "You couldn't have a stable organization 1f ating. A cutoff on Rhodesian sources of the country's largest environmental orga- every tlme there was a chllly wind you:d have CXXI--1604-Part 20 25466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July flB, 1975 to lay off people because you didn't have Fields sold off many stocks held by the has sold most of its holdings in the stock some kind of pad:' said Charles F. Wurster, a foundation in 1973, just before the market market in favor of interest-bearing invest trustee- for the Environmental Defense Fund. began to sllde, and purchased CO!l"porate ments such as corporate bonds. The issue of what investments an environ bonds, which have provided a steady income. The decision, however, was based not on mental organization should and should not The other portion of the Sierra Club Foun environmental grounds but on fear of an make has been slow to emerge and painful to dation's investment portfolio (recently val uncertain market. deal with. ued at more than $307,000) is handled by The investment conflicts encountered by Rank-and-file members of these groups are Scudder, Stevens & Clark of Los Angeles. environmental groups have long troubled generally unaware of what investments their Asked if Scudder, Stevens & Clark had any some of the nation's major foundations and organization has. specific program for screening investments public interest groups. Annual reports usually list only income on environmental grounds, foundation Ex Concerned that its multibillion-dollar from investments, without detailing specific ecutive Secretary Wilbm· said: portfolio did not fully reflect its social holdings. "Scudder, Stevens doesn·t do that with our concerns, the Ford Foundation in 1972 com That knowledge rests with the inner cir investment portfolio. You'll probably see missioned a study into the social aspects of cle--board members and staff managers. some things there." · investments. The issue of how to make environmentally Wilbur said the Los Angeles firm had been H. David Rosenbloom, au attorney and sound investments has been discussed in told not to invest in companies which were one of the authors of that study, explained these circles, often with frustrating results. the point at issue: 4 environmentally controversial but added, 'A few internal questions have been raised "I'm not sure cxf Scudder, Stevens-how "It just doesn't make sense for a public and answered," said EDF's Wurster. much they know of our interests. I'm not i1,1.terest .institu~ion to earn money from "Let's look at it this way. You want to in sure how much time they spend on that." whatever sources it can with the left hand ..,. . vest l}leanly. You can't buy utilities;· you can•t The foundation portfolio managed by and tm·n around and do good with the right buy banks -because they .lend to all these bad Scudder; Stevens_lncludes $28,450 in oil com ha:Jld. . · guys. You can't buy anything. There's noth-. pany stocks, more than $61,000 in mining '.'If your investments are operating to the i.J;lg you can do with your money unless you and metal-processing stocks and $48,495 tn detriment of the things for which you stand, etuff it under your plllow." ·forest products securities, according to latest there's a question as to how much good Asked what, if any, controls have been reports furnished by the foundation. you're doing." - ' - placed en investments, Wuster said EDF had A Scudder, Stevens & Clark investment In the wake of the study done oy ·Rosen- . given ita portfolio manager-Hooker O'Mal bloom and another~ attorney, Bevis' Long counselor who handles the foundation port • ley of U.S. Trust Co. · of New York-instruc folio ·declined to discuss what procedures he streth, the .Ford Foundation has strength .. tions not to deal in "environmentally noxious uses to avoid environmentally controversial ened its program for reviewing investments companies." investments. using social criteria. Asked for speclflcs on how he carries out "Let me call you back," he said. The call Environmental considerations are weighed these instructions, O'Malley said he would never came. heavily by the foundation's staff of im·est have to obtain clearance from his superiors Asked why the foundation splits its port ment analysts. who later declined comment on grounds of folio between a firm that screens investments Visits to corporations and direct communi oonfidentiality. on environmental grounds and another that cations between high-ranking corporate of Copies of EDF tax returns, made available apparently does not, Wilbur said: ficers and foundation analysts are part of the to the public by the Internal Revenue Service, "The investment committee feels they'd program. show a history of investment in utility bonds like to htlve different organizations, to see "On the botttom line it really falls to the and such firms as General Motors and Exxon. how they compare. Rather than have an of· analyst: We expect him, as part of his on going dialogue with management, to incor Tb.e Exxon stock is of particular interest our dollars g9 ~nto one organization, they'd because of EDF's role in raising enVironmen rather .have two,_ as kind of a hedge." porate not just financial data, but also-so tal questions about construction -'of the - The .Sierra Club-which, though under a cial data," said Leslie Porter, manager of Alaska pipeline. separate. board of trustees, is heavily f1,mded banking for the foundation. "The Exxon stock (valued at $17,189) was· by the foundation-has also grappled with The foundation is also funding efforts to contributed by an EDF trustee, and it wasn't the investment probiem, without coming up· increase the amount of data on social ques sold. It just $its there. I'm one of t!he v~ry ' with a specific policy. . . tions, including the environment, concern few people who knov: v:ho th e trus~e_ is," "Since about 1971, we have periodically ing industry. Wuster said. discussed this question-what guidelines we But many spokesmen for environmental_ Such donations are a frequent source of organizations feel such efforts will not be should h&ve on investments from an envi enough. environmentally controversial investnien~~ ronment ~~andpoint," said J. Michael Mc held by environmental organizations. _ Closkey, the club's executive director. "It's an incredibly difficult question. I think those who have tried to put together Although spokesmen for the groups say "Every tim~ we've gotten very far into the they try to ~ell more troublesome stock con subject, we've realized that the information portfolios of environmentally acceptable in , tributions, the lure of profits sometimes is simply not available to inake very good vestments are really . doln~ no more than en- _ makes the decision difficult. distinctions in investments." gaging in stabs in the dark," said the Sierra "We try, insofar as possible, not to hold on The club's investments are handled by Club's McClosey. to a stock for any length of time where we William Wentworth, a long-time member "It's going to take the federal government, lfeel we have a conflict of interest," said and San Francisco investment cmmselor. probably the Securities and Exchange Com EDF fund raiser Robert J. Pierpont. "We have enjoyed a very trusting relation mission, ideally, to try to come up with dis "That doesn't mean we would sell it im ship going back into the '40s," Wentworth closure of really meaningful information," he mediately. We might hold on to it 1..mtU it said recently in discussing his handling of said. goes up." the portfolio. Indeed, the SEC is considering such a Some environmental groups have tried to "Obviously an organization such as the move. bring their investment pollcies in line with Sierra Club has to be very sensitive on this As a result of legal action brought by the their principles. subject." Natural Resources Defense Council, the SEO The Sierra Club Foundation, for instance, Wentworth said he had nev.er been ques has held hearings to determine the feasibility tioned by club trustees on specific invest of requiting corporations to disclose social bas placed about half its investment port data. folio (worth more than $297,000) with Fields, ments made on their behalf. Asked if he had Grant & Co., a Menlo Park firm that offers ever sold any of the club's stock for environ Appearing as a witness before the SEC in mental reasons, Wentworth said: April, McCloskey testified: to screen its clients' investments using en "While we are inclined to believe that some vironmental and other social criteria. "We have sold one or two securities--<>nly firms are doing a better- job than others, we "The concept is that not only can one buy one, frankly-where we felt they were issues have never been able to find a way of being stocks and bonds for money and profit but the directors might take exception to." sure. at the same time can express social con Which stock was that? "There is a great information gap between cerns-if not in absolute terms then in rela "I think that's a very small, nitpicking the self-serving claims of some companies, tive terms," said company President Randall matter and represented a small portion of who claim to be doing a. model job, and the K. Fields. the total (portfolio) . It was done more to outright defiance of other companies, who Fields, who discussed the Sierra Club make life easier for us as investment man constantly ran against the idea of complying Foundation account with clearance !rom agers than to satisfy my ideals," said Went with environmental laws." foundation officials, contends that environ worth. McCloskey called on the commission to re mentally aware companies also tend to be Noting that "the performance of the ac quire disclosure of detailed information of profitable. count has provided satisfaction" to club di interest to environmentally oriented 1nves "I'm convinced that those companies that rectOrs, Wentworth said "that, in the la.st tors. take the greatest forward look with regard analysis, is what you're really interested in, While action by the SEC is pending, some to what's happening to society are going to the bottom line." private organiZations have been striving to be the best managed companies over the long The Sierra Club, like other environmental fill the information gap. run,'' he salNEW YORK CITY CRISIS operating and developing the properties. duced In the United States-new oll and on In fact, they may receive this fee in on. from meager or "stripper" wells, and oil in Furthermore, in exchange for their cash other marginal categories--are not controlled assets, they may receive as much as $2 billion and have risen to the world price of almost HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL In cash from Saudi Arabia. $13. Even the most mllitant Near Easterners OF NEW YOlUt But the domestic price is not going to stay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES think that these buyouts have gone far low. Now that President Ford has imposed a enough. They don't want to end the 50-year $2-a-barrel tari1f on imported on, which may Monday, July 28, 1975 old pattern of interdependence and lose the go to $3, and is working hard to ellminate the extraordinary money they receive on the pro ceiling on "old" on the domestic price will Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I insert tected international market. shoot up-and will pass the foreign price, for the REcoRD concluding remarks Another class of American company-typi which is dropping. Thus, even 1! the export which were made by Percy Sutton, pres fied by Ashland, Clark, and Citgo, the massive ing nations finally start to sell oil on their ident of the Borough of Manhattan on U.s. refiners-will still have to buy this on own, and get into a position where they will the New York City fiscal crisis. You will at arm's length, because it has very little have to sell to the Ashlands and Citgos di recall Mr. Speaker, that the first part of production of its own and does not lift for rectly, they will be unable to do so, because eign crude. Whether this type of company this timely and insightful statement ap the old barriers against foreign oil have gone peared in the REcoRD of Friday, July 25: buys on from Exxon or the Saudi govern up again. ment, it receives no operating fee or rebate of So the next reform in oil is to force Amer NEW YORK CITY FiscAL CRISIS any kind and gets the right to deduct only Ican prices down. If they do not fall soon In the years between 1969 and 1975, much 48 percent of the money that it pays to get they will probably double and triple within of the basis of the fiscal stability of New this crude from lts U.S. tax bill (since 48 a year or two-while the public, as has been York City, began to crumble, a crumbling percent is the maximum tax rate in the U.S. its wont, stands shackled and dazed. In any not then visible to those charged with rais at this time I. event the key to the unfolding of this proc ing taxes or reducing services to keep the This smaller, crude-short company is ess, too, is the Ford administration. If the forced to do now what the majors ceased income from taxes plus federal and state aid administration does not move to institute in balance with the outgo needed to fund doing two decades ago-really hustle hard to the kinds of reforms outlined above, the task find oil in new areas abroad, in order to get the many city services which had grown will fall upon successive administrations, "like Topsy". the tax breaks, fees, and payments in kind which will have to take more drastic meas that the majors have been enjoying. Federal aid to New York City, which had ures that will leave us, the consumers, the risen from 1960 to 1969, at an average an It is the independent company, American poorer for them. and foreign, that is committing the bulk of nual increase of 90 per cent each year, rose its foreign-exploration funds to the new high by only 28 per cent per year from 1969 to risk areas. It was Arco that discovered the 1975. North Slope bonanza, Phillips that invested State aid to New York City also slowed heavily offshore Norway, Union that went BIKING FOR THE BICENTENNIAL down. offshore Borneo. Worse still, the rate of national inflation Now, 1f the United States government is HON. CHARLES H. WILSON skyrocketed and as national infiation in sincere in wanting to bring oil prices down, creased local building construction de it must stop rewarding the Exxons and Tex OF CALIFORNIA creased. acos for old, half-forgotten gambles while not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As the economy went into the schizo adequately rewarding firms like Ashland [and Monday, July 28, 1975 phrenia of both 1nfiation and recession, as domestic Hamlltons) for the gambles that State and Federal aid decreased, and build must be taken today. Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali ing construction plummeted downwa,rd, New One fair way of doing this would be to fornia. Mr. Speaker, on July 1, four York Oity was left "holding the bag". It had change or remove the inequity: remove the young boys left Compton, Calif., riding to cope with the most extensive and ex- July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25473 pensive program of social services of any city The number and nature of the employees' one tax base, the vast majority of that which in the country. terminations for the years 197~76 are of a was then th& •'New Ycxk Metropolitan Federal atcl was down a.t an alarming rate; ma,gni tude so as to unde:rmln& \be basic suv Begum". State aid waS" clown; a.nd thct City's aesesse 1969- that a thc:YNYUgh and wide remain here, or expand here. and thereby of the entire Metropolitan New Y~k Begion ranging reevaZU4tion of the range of services provide jobs ana revenue hera 1:! cr1minals are which ought to be pooled to provide :for the of daily York undertaken. by the City of New YOl'k should not arrestedr fires are not extinguish~ gar ma.intenance those New serv have been conducted. bage 1s not collected, and children are not ices of Sanitation., Health.. Police, Fire, Traf But rather than face up to the growing educated. fic. Transportation an4 related senices which budgei gap, year after year, the City found it OUr objectives must be to improve serv have made the prosperity of the New York easier to :resor~ w fiscal gimmickry as ~way ot ices, not to. undermine services.. And pursuit Metropolitan Region _possible. But, j\ZM as in muddling through to the nex\ fiscal year. o! our objectives to improve servicea ca.lls for biblical times those in the suburbs,. whether Deficft spending became the rule rather than the very fundamental reforms which I have in Suffolk County OE Poughkeepsie. remain. t he exception as. increasingly, the operating d:tseu:ssecl this eoreaiJlC;. unsupportive of the City of New York and expenses of the city were shifted from the its- prohlems,. and consequently tbe widening We can and we must, put the New York of New York City's tax base beyoncl its pres Expense Budget to the Capital Budget; the City budgellnfio real balance over a ten year New York City ent boundaries is highly improbable. penslon system was under period. If we have a. JO year plan. theDr dur functed. and short-term notes were issued ln Therefore. if we determine that the region ing this ~rf.od, we can. and we must. phase "anticipation of tax eollections" wbicb some allza.tlon of New York City's tax base is not in technological and productivity impl'Ove probable, can we look to another PQSSl.bllity bow never~. ments which wUl permit a higher le-wl of Everyone of us who served on the Boal'd which is more possible of accompUshment? services to be delivered With less personnel, Such a possibility. I suggest, 1s the transfer o! Estimate and the City Council durtng the and, consequently less expense to the citizen past six years and e"'ery banker who bought recipient. _ ring to the state and federal governments these anticipation notes and e-very Governor certain of the services now delivered by New You of the Citizens Budget Commission who continued io cooperate with our fiseal York City to its residents and those who work have done much in pointing the way in this gtmmtckry i& In a measure responsible f'OJ' Within its borders but who live and pay taxes area- of technological improvements directed New Yon Ci~ long term and "cash flow"" outside. towazda Increased produc.tfvity. You ha.ve Welfare Js a service whlch seeks to meet problems. And, 1 don't shirk; the measme o! done much with your extraordinarily valu my own personal responsibility. a problem which has multiple origins bu~ able studies of productivity in our Fire which principally was created by a fallure So,. while I undexstand the pressures that Department. our Poliect Departmenty our Ma.yor Beame has been subject _to. in the past or our National Eeonom,y to provide tun Board of Education~ our Board of Higher-Edu months, r must state that this rs not time to employment :ror an of lts citizens. or other go looking for scapegoanr. We an must share cation. and other agencles.of our city gov wise provide a fair distribution of Income. the blame. we are an responsibl& for our ernment. Welfare. therefore, 1s a federal responsibility present plight, and we must an be a part of The Citizens Budget Commission has fur which should be both funded and &dminis the -solution. nished, also, Initiative In ca.ustng us to come tered by the federal government. one of the solutions to the long-range fis 'to face our realities; in causing us to observe Simllarly, our court system. our correction cal crisis of New York City is to begin this and acknowledge that to pnl1 OUJ'Selves out system, and our system of higher education o! our morass we musi first acknowledge how year that careful re-evaluatf~n of' programs should an. properly. be state responslbllitles, serious is our problem, so as to be in a better whieb we should have begun many years ag~. to be both funded and maintained by New We have a choice. We ean pretend that the poslliion to ~ke hotd of our situation and York State. budget gap is less than ft is, and present a deal With lt in the only way lt can be dealt If it is not possible that we can region budget that Is balanced on paper only, or we with~ with honesty and forthrightness, over alize our tax base. we can at lea.st revise and can be honest and talk in terms of the entire a deSignated period of time. And. not be expand the tax base to embrace more pro deficit. cause of any br11Uanee, but because o! rea ductive sources of City revenue. I suggest Our dilfie!t should not be considered as soned logic, I suggest that the appropriate that any lntelllgent analysis 0! New York limited tur city administration and particularly our of New York City-, we must remember. follow has been placed upon lt. 1.rayor under great stresa to bnDg about an an u-b1trU"Y Une on & map dra.wn. by a. S1iate we must now mov.towud a elty tax base immediate reduction 1n tbe number ot pub Legislature 1n the yeat 1808 1n &n attempt wlllch wm ~ u. menu. a PJ'CIIlGI" lic employees on our New York City pa.yroU. to include under one governmental body and tion to the increases in the rate of lnfla- 25474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 tion and in proportion to real increases in its ability to rise to every occasion and New the productivity of our economy." York City will rise to the occasion once more. ~re extended to this fine gentleman on We must move away from the real estate New York City will solve its money prob his retirement from a cai·eer that has pl'Operty tax as a corner stone of our munic lems but, to solve them we need everyone's been served with distinction. ipal finances and toward the income tax help. We need the coope1·ation of the Citizens and such taxes on "cash flow" as are ca Budget Commission, we need the coopera pable of keeping pace with the economic tion of our banks, our businesses, our work needs of our city. ers. our public officials, and our privat-e MIDDLE-CLASS FRUSTRATIONS Finally, in a prolonged conclusion, per citizens. mit me to say that I am not a native New This is not the time for a city divided. Yorker. I wish I could claim that privilege. New York City is still the greatest city on HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD But, not being a native New Yorker, I am earth! OF MISSOURI perhaps as zealous as most converts to causes. I am an enthusiastic, fervent New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yorker. My family travelled to New York EGIDIO ORTONA-A SKILLED DIP Monday, July 28, 1975 City a number of times when I was a child LOMAT RETIRES and whenever I came here, I was always Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, the middle enraptured by the excitement of New York class American has long been the back- City. The tall skyscrapers and the great RON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY bone of our· country. However, today it is sense of movement that was here all made oF NEW YORK the middle-class citizem-y that has tO me ·want to come here, someday, and be a bear the brunt of programs established part of· this excitement. I -wanted -bO be · a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATivES ·by the Congress and implemented by bU- part· of this -highly competitive city. Monday, July 28, 1975· - reaucratic agencies of government; pro- For me, f~r my family, and I suspect for most New Yorkers, whether they live in Mr. DOWNEY of New y 01·k. M:r . . gran:_ts rid~ed with re~ations almost wealth and comfort, or live in poverty, or Speaker, for 8 years Egidio ortona has administ1·at1vely imposs1b~e thereby pro "in limbo", or somewhere in between, New served Italy as Ambassador to the United viding loopholes .for recipients for whom York City is more than just a place to Uve. States. His. career has been marked by the law was not mtended. _C>ne such pro ~ew York City is a dream 1 • · distinction and I would like to take this gram is welfare, and fn particular, the New York City is the greatest city on opportui:lity to pay tribute 'to him. food stamp program. I am sure that most earth. It is the center of commerce and in Throughout his 43 years in the diplo- will agree that such progr~ have long dustry In the entire world. matic service, Ambassador ortona has passed the stage of providing only for New York City 1s a world center of money and banking, of education and communica been reeognized as a gentleman of great the needy. . tion, of science and arts and· culture. New skill and natural rapport with the people Recently,~ received a letter from one York City, With its many peoples and its he has dealt with. While I believe it of my c.onstituents who is a teacher. I many cultures, 1s also the most creative city would be impossible to adequately cover wish to msert the letter of Mrs. Barbara on earth; it 1s a place where different cultures all the accomplishments of this dedicated Sindt for all to read. I think that her come Into contact, where dl.ft'erent ways of person, I would be honored to mention letter epitomizes the feelings of many thinking are combined into yet new ideas, the highlights of the Ambassador's Americans today_and unless this warn and it 1s the city in which, from the very career. 1ng is hee~ed, our ~uture generations wtll diversity of i~ citiZens comes a c~eativity, in lp"OW ·will a creativity that has made New York City Beginning 1932, Mr. Ortona entered ~~ ln a ~at10n which be un · a center of class, style and taste. the diplomatic service after his extensive recogmzable as the America of today. New York City has, from its inception, training at the University of .Turin 1n The letter is as follows: been a magnet for millions of people trying Italy and the London School of Eco- My husband and I both. work. We have hard to escape poverty, class, national and nomi~s fn Great Brita~. He wen~ on to =~~~b~e::ep~~d :grY~~~e~~;ti~~~~ rac1al hatreds, and a dead end existence. serve in Cairo, Johannesburg, ~nd Lon- secretarial work, raising four daughte'rs, and While New York City has had at best· a don bef~e returning to his native Rome : baby-sitting during this time. I did not re partial success, New York City throughout and servmg as Chief of the Office of the . ceive any food stamps, commodities, free ita history has tried fully to deal in a hu Minister of Foreign AJf.airs. . medical care, and no grant or loan for edu- mane and generous manner with tiie' prob The year of 1958 began a 3-year as- cation. I love working. I believe I am good at lems of migrants and immigrants and up my work. I am proud to work. But I am a rooted people. And, therein, lies the tale of signment for Mr. Ortona to serve as the much of that which troubles New York City. Italian Representative to the United Na- bit angered when I look around me at the tions During that time he had the dis- number of people who could work and don't. In human terms the problem of New York . · . When I walk into the grocery store and City, and other cities of our urban society 1s tm?t and unforgettab~e pr1vileg~ of pre- purchase food that WUl stretch and serve a national problem and to solve the problem, sidm.g over the Security Council on two two meals instead of one when I say "no" more must be done by our national govern dtlferent occasions. to my children's requesu; for cheap nutrt- ment. The Italian Government summoned tion, but high cost foods, I am angry when New York City got itself into its present him back in 1961 to serve as Director of the woman next to me purchases Pringles. problems as it tried to use mechanisms of Economic Affairs in the Mlnlstry of For- sugar-coated cereal, candy bars, cookies, local government to meet the needs of a city eign Affairs. While 1n Rome he presided frozen pies and cakes, and then pays for that was a beacon light for a national and th Ge 1 As bl f th Inte them with food stamps. an international society. ove~ e . nera sem Y O e r- I am angry when I pay $2.19 tor cheese New York City should have, but didn't national C1vil Aviation Organization and and then see someone complaining about the understand, that no city can redistribute s~rved as c~ah'ntan. of a number ~f other "bad tasting cheese in commodities." wealth to a greater extent than other cities, hJ.gh le':'el International meetings. I am angry whe_n ·I would like to go to the without putting such a heavy tax burden on These valuable experiences in high doctor for a bad back but feel I must post its own businesses and citizens that, as a official posts culminated in 1967 with his · pone my visit until more bills are paid, yet consequence the benevolent city handicaps appointment as the Ambassador of the I see someone entering the hospital with 1ts businesses and its citizens to such an Republic of Italy to the United States. a very minor ailment-flashing that price extent that ultimately the businesses and While fn this position he gained the re- less. qrange card (purchased by taxpayers). the citizens are driven from its boundaries . . . I am angry when my child would like to both as taxpayers and service benefi.caries. spect and fnendship of both the Ameri- go to college but I suggest vocational school can and international ·diplomatic com- (dear, it's cheaper), yet some one who is We have now taken the first falte~g steps 1n the City of New York to put our house munity. "poor" is granted a loan or better still an out in order. Now, we need help from our federal The people of Italy have been fortu- and out grant. government and our state government, both nate to have had this man serve as their As a teacher my heart aches for the child of which receive so much of our tax pay Ambassador. we have been fortunate to who is a victim of proud, working but not have had tllis exemplary leader work in getting-much-money-parents. He is the ments. our country child who brings a cold sandwich and little To recover from our present dilemma we • else and sits by the welfare chlld who gets must all come to understand that New York The people of Italy, the Italian-Amer- a free school lunch and tops it off with a City's money problems didn't happen 1n a lean community, and those of the diplo- candy bar, then returns to the room and clay, and they cannot be solved 1n a day. New matic world wlll mtss the presence of has afternoon milk which he mixes with a York became the greatest clty on earth b)' Ambassador Ortlishment but in the U.S., ~J.?-e believe it does give us some additional with drllllng for oil and oil production with ho-hums aJ.most broke the sound barner. ideas and another method for improv... out analyzing other aspects o! the Industry :For a good American reason: · ing our election process. (such as transportation and support serv Before the show began, It was apparent Post card registration has become a ices), the scientists said their study would the scenario was a diversion-a spectacular device- that would allow Americans to forget that reflect such aspects to some degree. fixation for Congzess. I hope H.R. The area studied covers ten by forty miles th& economy; the crippling costs- ~ gasoline 8842; and other pro~ like- block In Tlmballer Bay and o:trshore areas to depths and petroleum products, ~ 1obless, and the grant aid to the States, will help to of about 100 feet. The bay, located adjacent incredible past debacle of Southeast Asia. broaden· rongressional horizons. We to Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes, has But , what once captivated the American 25476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 public, the first man on the moon, the mis NEW RESEARCH CRITICIZES SPEND seven-member committee, which conducted sions to Mars and beyond, no longer seemed ING LIMITS an exhaustive 18-month study of the issue, to work its magic. While the cost of the came out flatly against spending limits. production was only weakly criticized, the Their basic argument is that spending average American's impression was indiffer limits raise far more troublesome questions ence. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER of free speech and free expression than are The U.S. homeowner, struggling to keep OF WISCONSIN involved With disclosure or ceilings on private his head above water, hold his job, his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contributions. sanity, and his family t-ogether found it "We believe," says the committee report, hard to relate to the so-called "handshake Monday, July 28, 1975 "that effective expenditure limits require in the skies." Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. controls applicable to all spending, whether His dally problems gave him little time to incurred by the candidate himself, or by in turn his eyes skyward to appreciate the flaw Speaker, I would like to call attention to in dividuals and groups beyond the candidate's less precision of an untroubled world 125 David Broder's column the July 27 control. In our view, limits on independent mUes above his mortgaged Cape Cod. Wash~ngton Post. citizens and groups presents substantial legal For real suspense, drama, and the never Mr. Broder describes two newly re questions because of their potential curtail ending conquest of the unknown, the space leased reports concerning the Federal ment of First Amendment rights." The issue, men should've cast their eyes downward for Election Campaign Act-one by Prof. very simply, is whether everyone's freedom of a glimpse of the American taxpayer. Roy A. Schotland of the Georgetown speech can be abridged by limits applied to He's a one-of-a-kind personality, a human candidates' spending. being who's expected to balance the world University Law School, and one by the American Bar Association's committee The new federal law attempted to ch·cum on the end of his checkbook. It's he who vent this problem by providing a ''loophole," continues to be the greatest showman on on election reform. permitting any voter to spend $1,000 on his or earth. And, there's a new one, born every The Schotland report shows that the her own to advocate any candidate for fed minute. new spending limits will affect Senate eral office. But in the oral arguments before races in the 26 smallest States-those the appeals court, attorneys defending the having fewer than 2 million voters-far law conceded that was the toughest provision CITIZENSHIP TO GEN. ROBERT E. more than they will affect the Senate to justify in constitutional terms. races in the larger States. After review The bar association committee strongly LEE suggests that it can't be done. It concludes ing the figures from 1972 and 1974, Pl.·o that "the more desirable way of limiting the fessor Schotland found that 40 percent influence of money in the electoral process HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI of the candidates in the smaller States With the minimum of interference with First OF KENTUCKY would have exceeded the limits, com amendment right-s" is through full disclosure pared to only 4 percent in the larger of private contributions which are limited IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. Of the 37 Senate candidates who to "reasonable amounts." By that, the com Tuesday, July 22, 1975 would have gone over the limits, 78 per mittee means sums "sufficiently high to per cent were from the smaller States. mit meaningful expression of support and at Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I am ex the same time not so high as to afford the tremely pleased to see the passage of "Whatever the cause," and he cites a contributor undue influence or access." this bill, which I cosponsored, granting number of causes and recommendations, The practical problems of expenditure citizenship to Gen. Robert E. Lee. Professor Shotland advises: "Either the limits are highlighted in a separate study cir Under the authority of section 3 of law will have to be changed, or the politi culated last week by Professor Roy A. Schot cal realities in the 26 smaller States will land of the Georgetown University Law the 14th amendment of the Constitution, School. the Congress has g~·anted this long over have to change." The ABA committee approaches the - It questions "the fundamental soundness" due relief to a distinguished person who of expenditure limits and raises interesting was, we might say, a man without a cowl subject of spending limits from the per questions about the equity of the ceilings try for over 100 years. spective of first amendment rights. on Senate contests specified in the new law. Coming on the eve of the Bicentennial, In inserting the Broder article, I want Those limits are based on voting-age popu this a-Ction is especially proper and to commend the columnist for consist lation, with a floor provided for small states. fitting. Our Nation realizes the impor ently reporting the hard-to-define ques The Schotland study argues that the limits tance of learning from the past. By tions concerning the new election law. hit small states--those with less than 2 mil honoring our history, we brighten our More than anyone else I can think of, . lion eligible voters--much harder than they Mr. Broder has raised the level of under do big states. future. If the limits prescribed in the new law had General Lee applied for rights as a standing of a most complex issue. been in effect in 1972 and 1974, Schotland citizen on June 13, 1863. But, because of The article follows: says, 29 of 73 candidates in the smaller states a "Catch 22" situation, the necessary [From the Washington Post, July 27, 1975] would have broken the law, while only 8 of oath of allegiance was not received or CAMPAIGN SPENDING LIMITS 58 candidates in the larger states would have (By DavidS. Broder) exceeded their limits. pro.cessed prior to his death on October This does not necessarily prove that the 12, 1870. In fact, the oath did not come The effort to clenn up the money corrup limits are too high for the big states or too to light until1970. tion of our political process has long cen low for the small ones, as the professor ar General Lee is a legend. He was faced tered on four main devices. Disclosure of gues. Special-interest groups of both the left with many difficult decisions. But, his in sources and uses of campaign funds is one and right have dumped money into small tegrity, his love of man and his devotion favorite approach. A ceiling on the size of states in hopes of winning Senate seats for to high principle marked all his years. He private contributions is a second. Provision much less than it would cost them in any of public funds for campaigns is a third. of the big states-a practice that could be earned the respect and the admiration of And control of total spending is the fourth. curbed by contribution limits. f1iend and foe alike. The post-Watergate Federal Election Cam But his study does at least suggest that After the Civil War ended, General Lee paign Act of 1974 employs all four ap the impact of expenditure ceilings would be urged the South to forget her resentment proaches, and a constitutional challenge has felt very unevenly from one state to the next. and pledge fealty to the Union. He per been raised to the way in which it uses each And that fact underlines the question of of these deVices. whether such ceilings are justified at all. suaded his weary and defeated ranks to That case is now pending in the U.S. Cir return to their homes and families and cuit Court of Appeals here and a decision work to rebuild the South. can come at any time. Whatever the hold General Lee wanted to- be an Ameri ing, the issue will be taken to the Supreme can. He took all the necessary steps. Had Court for a final determination this fall, so PERSONAL EXPLANATION there not been a paper work snarl-not the rules of the game will be clear before the uncommon even a hundred years ago- 1976 campaign begins in earnest. HON. MARTHA KEYS he would have regained his citizenship Last week, the American Bar Association's special committee on election reform weighed OF KANSAS prior to his death. He deserves to be a in with a strong argument that one of those IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES citizen of our great Nation. And, I am four approaches-that of spending limits pleased that this body sees fit to g~·ant should be discarded. Monday, July 28, 1975 citizenship to a great American-Gen. While endorsing in principle the other Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, on July 25, Robert E. Lee. three approaches taken in the new law, the I missed a series of votes taken on ·July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25477 amendments to H.R. 5900, the bill pro Energy Corp., and brother of New York On tl?-e specific vetoes by the President, Governor Hugh Carey, perhaps summed plu_ralltles of the public supported his viding for equal treatment of craft and actwn: .industrial workers. Had I been present, I up the situation best when he told Time By 43-27 per cent, most Americans agreed would have voted as follows: Rollcall No. magazine the other day: with his veto of the bUl to increase support 433-yes, rollcall No. 434-no, rollcall I just don't understand why we argue with for agriculture. ·No. 435-yes, rollcall No. 436-no. t he Arabs to lower the price of oil and then By 42- 35 per cent, a plurallty sided with go out and put a tax on lt. the President on his vet o of the bill which dealt with creating a job program for the Millions of other Americans, I am sure, unemployed. cannot understand this either. I am one By 41-32 per cent, a plurallty supported THE PRESIDENT IS NOT BELIEVED of them. This Presidential contradiction the veto of the bill which was designed to ON GASOLINE has not been missed by those who were stimulate the housing industry. interviewed in Pittsburgh, as WTEA By 34-30 per cent, a narrow plurality backed learned. The President and his taxes have the President's veto of the bill to regulate HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS brought on these new price increases and strip mining. OF PENNSYLVANIA when his spokesmen have the audacity ~aslcally, Mr. Ford's backing on his veto IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES policy reflects continuing pubUc concern to say that, come next year's election the over federal spending. A substantial 72 per Monday, July 28, 1975 voters will blame Congress and not hlm. cent of the American people simply feel that Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, Pittsburgh Then, in my opinion, they are whistling they do not "receive good value" for their past the gas pumps. tax dollars, up from 56 per cent who felt television station WTEA occasionally the same way back in 1969. sends reporters and cameramen into the This moderate agreement with the Presi streets to determine how the grassroots dential vetoes also reflects the public's mis public stands on certain major issues THE HARRIS SURVEY understanding of what Congress has been confronting the Nation. trying to do in enacting legislation which tt The responses in such a survey recently HON. JOHN J. RHODES knows the White House opposes. This failure on the new gasoline price increases were of Congress to adequately communicate its both disturbing and enlightening. Not OF ARIZONA alms and objectives to the people must rank IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES high on t he list of reasons bot h for the one mini-interview broadcast supported low ~tate of ~ublic confidence in Congress the position of the Ford administt•a.tion. Monday, July 28, 1975 and 1n plurahtles backing the Ford vetoes. Many of those questioned expressed Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, there has A cross section of 1,497 adults was asked doubts about the stories which the Presi between July 5 and 10: been considerable talk by some Members "In general, who do you tend to agree with dent and his aides are telling. on the majority side to the effect that Most asserted that in their minds there mor«: on the question of recent vetoes by was no gasoline shortage watTanting the American people are not apprecia Pres1dent Ford of legislat ion passed by Con tive of President Ford's use of his veto gress-the President who has defended his price hikes--some quoting gas station op authority. In point of fact, the opposite vetoes to keep federal spending in line and erators on this point. The consensus ap is true. The people greatly appreciate to check inflation, or the Congress, which peared to be that the people were being the fact that the President and the Re defends its passing bills as vital to bringing ripped off to the profit of the giant oil the country out of the recession and creat- publican minority-by exercising the ing more jobs?" · · companies. Blamed were both these com veto and sticking together on override panies and the White House. attempts--have spared the Nation some (In percent) Not a single interviewee had been con truly bad legislation. What the people vinced by the President that higher prices do not appreciate is the tendency of the Ford Congress Not sure were necessary in the national interest, Democratic Congress to send to the or that there was a justification for the Nationwide. _____ 38 33 2.9 sock-the-motorist program he had pre President bills which are completely inimical to the desire of most Americans By region: sented Congress. to cure inflation and which President East. •••• ···------36 34 30 This, in my judgment, is important be Midwest. ••..•••. .• 35 37 2.8 Ford has no choice but to veto. South. __ ------39 2.8 33 cause it shows the width of the com West. ______41 33 2.6 This ana~ysis is documented by two By size of place: munications gap which has opened be Cities .••• ______tween the President and his energy aides public opinion polls recently conducted 32. 37 31 by the distinguished pollster, Mr. Louis Suburbs. ------39 32. 2.9 here and the people on the streets of Towns •••• ______49 28 23 Pittsburgh, and, I am sure, elsewhere Harris. The first poll shows that most RuraL ••..•.• .•... 36 33 31 Americans understand and support the By politics: across the Nation. The public in large Republican ______.. _ 59 18 2.3 part just does not believe the President. President's vetoes. The second poll re Democratic ______27 43 30 veals that the Congress-which has been Independent. ______40 32 28 And this certainly concerns us here in controlled by the Democratic Party for Congress. 38 out of the last 42 years-has received Regionally, the Ford vetoes have had more How can we back the Ford measures its lowest approval rating in history. appeal in the South and west than in the when so many of our constituents ap East and Midwest. People who live in the parently think what is being forced in I have always maintained that Gov central cit ies tend to side with Congress, Washington is unwarranted, a gouge in ernment by veto is no way to run the but suburban and small t own residents sup fact, and a giant hoax? Can there be any country. However, the Democratic lead port t he President. Mr. Ford's Republican wonder why Congress so far has failed, ership has shown little-if any-willing backing is much higher than that accorded to as have the people, to go along with the ness to compromise with the President the heavily Democratic Congress by rank and and the minority on vital issues. Until file Democrats. But the balance ls really contradictions, the price boosts, the Ford such time as the attitude of the Demo tipped by the independent voting segment import levies, and, indeed, the other ab cratic leadership changes, Government which backs t he President by a 40-32 per surdities of the White House proposals? cent margin. I am in no position to argue for or by vet') will have to continue. In the The slender edge recorded by President against the need for gasoline conserva meantime, it is important for the REc Ford on the veto issue holds up in general ORD to show that the American people when the public was asked about four key tion. As with the folks at home, I have perceive this debate accurately and are vetoes: "Did you favor or oppose President been furnished information on this mat Ford on h is veto of the bill to (read list)?" ter so misleading as to make a sound watching to see what we do. decision impossible. But I can say this. If The article follows: SPECIFIC FORD VETOES gasoline must be conserved-if we must HARRIS SURVEY [In percent) reduce our dependency on import oil (By Louis Harris) then all other conservation measures A narrow 38-33 per cent pluralit y of the Fa vor Oppose Not sure should have been tried fully before prices American people tend to agree more with President Ford than with the Congress in Increase supports for agri- were pushed up to a point where the culture .. ____ . ______43 27 30 the recent confrontation between them Create a job program for the necessary motorist is being punished over Mr. Ford's successful use of his veto 42. 35 23 severely and a new round of inflation power. Consistently, Congress has been in st~~:::f~o~1~-- t1iiii5iiii- -in:- dustry ______41 32 21 threatens. capable of overriding t he President's vetoes Regulate strip mining ______34 30 36 Edward M. Carey, owner of Carey of key legislation. 25478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 By far, the widest margin of support for the Congress to pass a great deal of leglsla.tlon. our grain surpluses a.nd is willing to pay for Presidential veto action emerged in the case a. 64-26 percent majOI'ity gave Congress a this wheat a.nd corn, but we also need oil, of the agricultural blll. Significantly, rural positive ra.ting. But since 1968, Congress has and there seems to be no reason why she residents opposed that bill by the largest consistently received nega.tive ratings. would not be willing to sell us oil at a reason margin: 46-27 percent. The closest margin The cross section was then asked: able figure in exchange for our permitting on the Ford vetoes was over his action in op "Let me ask you about some specifics about her to buy grain here at a likewise fair price. posing the strip mining bill. This veto was the job Congress is doing. How woUld you Russia's close ties with the Arab oil-produc costly to the President among the college rate Congress on the following-excellent, ing States may be one obstacle to such an educated and professional groups, who op pretty good, only fair, or poor?" agreement, undercutting, in a sense, their posed Mr. Ford's strip mining position. current effort to exploit their advantage in Of course, the fact remains that neither SPECIFIC RATINGS OF CONGRESS selling us Arab oil. But it seems to be a ques the President nor Congress appears to have (In percent) tion of which is more important to Russia won any significant victory on the veto issue. her nominal support of this oil extortion pol While he was exercising the veto successfully icy of the Arabs or her broadening of the and thereby thwarting the congressional Posi Nega Not tive tive sura detente with the United States by a policy majority, Mr. Ford's over-all positive job rat which would be mutually advantageous to ing dropped from 50 to 41 percent, a decline each of us. of 9 points. By the same token, during the Keeping United States strong militarily: period in which Congress found itself inca July ______• 34 53 13 pable of overriding the Presidential veto, its March .•• .•....• ______35 53 12 positive rating with the public dropped from Working for peace in the 30 to 22 percent, a drop of 8 points. world: CONCERNED ABOUT THE EFFECT OF These resUlts suggest that neither the July ____ .•....••• •.•• __ 33 58 9 PRESIDENT FORD'S PLAN March •... ------ 32 60 8 Democrats nor the Republicans can make Not overriding President much of the veto issue. If Mr. Ford, in par Ford's vetoes: ticular, fancies the events of this spring as July. • __ •.• •.• •....•.. • 21 58 21 HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM March ••••• ___ .••• __ ___ (1) (1) (1) OF NEW YORK providing him with an inbuilt platform to Handling relations with run against the Democratic-controlled Con Secretary Kissinger: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress, he is apt to find a rather unenthusias July ••••••.••.•••••••. _ 21 64 15 tic electorate out there in 1976. March •..••• • • • __ ....•• 29 57 14 Monday, July 28, 1975 Handling relations with President Ford: Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker, I am CONGRESS: LOWEST R.\TING EVER July------•••••••• ___ ._ 18 72 10 seriously concerned about the effect that (By Louis Harris) March •...•••••••..•.•• 20 71 9 Inspiring confidence in Gov President Ford's plan to decontrol oil A 70-22 percent majority of Americans give ernment: will have upon my constituents. For the July______••• ______•• 18 72 Congress a negative overall job rating, the March ••. ______• 10 past several weeks, each Member of Con- worst rating for Congress in a Harris Survey. 18 73 Providing adequate health 9 gress has received countless reports, let Public opinion of Congress' performance in insurance: ters, and articles from those who either key areas-foreign policy, inspiring confi July _____ ••• __ ••.••••.• 16 67 dence in government, the economy, for in March •••••• •••.... ___ _ 16 68 ~~ support or condemn the continuation of also Handling energy crisis: price controls on domestic oil. After re- stance-is decidedly low. July••••••• ____ •••••••• 16 76 These latest results represent a complete March ••••••••.••• ____ _ 17 77 86 viewing this material, I have come to'the turnaround from those recorded after the Keeping economy healthy: realization that if controls are to be landslide Democratic victory last November July----.------_. __ 15 78 7 lifted rapidly, lower-income persons and March ••.••.•• _____ •• 13 79 8 and after former President Nixon's resigna Handling taxes and spending: those with :fixed incomes will be priced tion last year, when public respect for Con July------12 80 8 out of the energy market. gress• job performance was high. March ••••• ------. 12 80 8 Bringing country out of re We have seen on prices double In the recent confrontations between Presi and triple within the last 3 years. Higher dent Ford and the present Congress, the pub cession: July ____ •• _____ . ____ • .• 12 81 7 energy costs have decreased purchasing lic sides with Ford. Only 18 percent of the March ••••....••.••..•• 9 83 8 Americans approve of the way Congress has Controlling inflation: power and increased unemployment; no handled relations with the President, and 58- July______•• __ •....•.• 10 83 7 where are these two problems more deep 21 percent don't approve of the way Congress March ••••. . _.•••••.••• 7 86 7 ly felt than in the low-income commu- has failed to override Ford's vetoes. Ford, on nities of this country. The President, in the other hand, receives a 33 percent positive 1 Not asked. seeking decontrol, is asking for further rating for his handling of relations with Con price increases. Mr. Ford attributes our gress. present economic difficulties to the Arab Still, both the President and Congress have RUSSIAN OIL FOR U.S. WHEAT embargo, not to higher energy prices. lost public standing since their sharp dis agreements over recent legislation. Frank Zarb, the Federal Energy Admin Earlier this month, the Harris Survey asked HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON istrator and the President's chief energy a nationwide cross section of 1,497 adUlts: OF MARYLAND advisor, in a July 17, 1975 letter to "How woUld you rate the job Congress has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Energy Subcommittee Chainnan, JoHN been doing so far this year-excellent, pretty DINGELL, contends that the last Arab good, only fair, or poor?" Monday, July 28, 1975 boycott resulted in an increase in un employment of 500,000 persons as well as TREND OF RATING OF CONGRESS Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last week the Valley Register in Middletown, Md., a $10 to $20 billion drop in the GNP. [In percent] published a most interesting and timely The President's policy addresses only the editorial which represents food for issue of the boycott and American inde Posi- Nega- Not pendence from foreign sources of oil; in tive tive sura thought for all of us here in Congress. Its messa.ge is self-explanatory and I sub creased price is seen as the mechanism for the President's plan and not the July 1975 ••••• ·------22 70 8 mit it now for the REcoRD: ApriL ______------_- 30 63 7 RUSSIAN On. FOR U.S. WHEAT ( ?) problem itself, which it surely is for my March ______--- __ ---- __ 26 67 7 constituents. By imposing the $2 per bar September 1974 ______38 54 8 There is an opportunity for both the July------29 64 7 United States and Russia to benefit by a rel tariff on foreign oil and by asking January ___ ------_- 21 69 10 mutual exchange of commodities to ease for decontrol of crude oil prices over a 1973 •• ------38 45 17 shortages in both countries and at the same short period, the President's plan, if 1970 •• ------26 63 11 1969.------34 54 12 time bolster the economics of both of them. ultimately successful, will accelerate the 1968.------46 46 8 This lies in the abundance of wheat and price of energy and exacerbate the 1967------38 55 7 other grains in this country and a bountifUl 49 42 money problems of the poor. 1966 •• ------9 supply of oil in the Soviet Union. While Rus 1965.------64 26 10 President Ford believes that decontrol 1964------59 33 8 sia. has not looked favorably in the past to 1963.------33 60 7 such "barter" deals, there is no reason why, will give American oil producers the in the present atmosphere of detente, she needed incentive to produce more oil. Over the past 12 years, Americans have shoUld not be willing to enter into an ex The President maintains that the indus widely fluctuated in their ratings of Con change agreement with this country along try needs increased revenue in order to gress. In 1965, when President Johnson got the lines suggested above. Russia does need engage in production of secondary and Jwly 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25479 tertiary recovery oil. The recent history LUDLOW, MASS., mGH SCHOOL in second makes us feel very proud." The of oil pricing and production in this BAND PLACES SECOND IN INTER band placed second at the International NATIONAL YOUTH MUSIC FESTI Youth Music Festival in Vienna from a field country does not support the President's of 25 bands. theory. We now know that even with VAL IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA Most of the band members were tired but a substantial increase in price, produc happy at the reception as they descended tion has fallen 1·apidly. How can the from buses at the high school. increased cost which decontrol will HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND "It was the biggest experience I've ever bring about be justified when we know OF MASSACHUSETTS had," said Arthur Fidalgo, 15, of 106 La that similar energy price increases have Voie Ave., Ludlow, "I'm pretty tired now. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But I'd love to go back." caused serious economic disruptions, Monday, July 28, 1975 Eva M. Robbins, 15, of 1509 East St., especially within the low income commu Ludlow, said the band was "pretty excited" nities? Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the city of when it placed second at the international I voted against the increased gasoline Vienna, Austria, recently hosted the In festival. tax proposed by the House Ways and ternational Youth Music Festival, which "But it really didn't matter what we placed Means Committee in its bill, H.R. 6860, brought together 25 of the world's best as long as we were there," she said. because such price mechanisms work young bands. And I am proud to an Another band member, Karen M. Zina, 15, against my constituency; my constitu nounce that a band from western Mass of 39 Fern St., Ludlow said the band "wa.s achusetts, the Ludlow High School Band, screaming and getting excited" when it ents cannot afford to spend 1 more cent learned of the second place prize. for energy. If there are further price in placed second in the rigorous competi She said the band members were sur creases, as there will be if the President's tion supervised by the festival officials. prised at the Thursday night homecoming. plan prevails, consumption will be re This fine showing by the Ludlow Band "We didn't expect it," she said. duced in the 12th Congressional Dis is a tribute to more than a year of hard Mrs. Mary Berkowicz, of 707 Chaplin St., trict of New York because my constitu work by the members of the band and Ludlow, one of the persons that lined Cen ents will be forced to start doing with their leader, Mr. Royce E. Layman. To ter Street near the Mass. Pike said she out. Mr. Ford's plan will mean an in raise the money for travel expenses, the was "very happy" for the band members. students in the band sponsored raffles, "I just came to see how happy they are," crease in the costs of all processed she said. "I think this is just wonderful. It's goods-including food-durable goods, pancake breakfasts, picnics, and tag never happened in this town before." clothing, as well as in home heating and sales. To be considered for the trip, they transportation. The ripple effect that de had to audition on the State and na LUDLOW BAND EARNS PLAUDrrs control will bring about will effect, most tional level. And once at the festival, The Ludlow High School Band, second certainly, all Americans, but it will have they had to compete with many excellent place winner in a field of 25 bands at the its most pronounced effect upon my al bands from the United States, Europe, International Youth Music Festival 1n ready strapped constituency and others and Israel. Their efforts were justly re Vienna, fully deserved the plaudits of the who have no access to the tools of eco warded. 1,000 fellow townspeople waiting for them as Mr. Speaker, I extend my heartiest their bus rolled off the turnpike Thursday nomic stability. night. The President had adopted the oil in congratulations to the members of the Perhaps the best thing that can be said dustry's position on decontrol. I do not Ludlow High School Band and to their about their accomplishment is that they wish to be unfair to the oil companies of leader, Mr. Layman. I would also like did it themselves, from start to finish. Aside this country, but I do feel that the oil in to extend my congratulations to Miss from their musical ability, they worked hard dustry must take into account the effect Diane Maurice, a sophomore :flute player, for the funds their European trip required that their pricing decisions have on our who received a $500 grant after a success and they succeeded because they set a entire economy in which they have such ful solo audition. goal and didn't budge from it. a tremendous stake. When they do not More than 1,000 parents, friends, and The youngsters had helping hands, of course, from parents and friends, but with and they have not in this case-I believe excited spectators turned out to greet out their own dedication the dream wouldn't it is appropriat" for the Congress to take the band on their return from Austria. have come true. They did great credit to action to protect the people. Big oil can This band provided a big lift for the peo themselves-and to their generation. make a profit without pricing certain ple of Ludlow and at this time I would segments of the population out of its like to insert two recent articles from market and without stifling that seg the Springfield, Mass., Union that detail the Ludlow High School Band's trip to ment's opportunity to improve their lives. THE STEPERETES President Ford tells us that we must Vienna and their rousing welcome home. as a Nation, become independent of The first is from the Springfield Union OPEC oil. I ask that the American oil of July 18, 1975, and the second is from HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO producers, and the President as well, de the Union's editorial page of July 24, 1975. Again, I commend the Ludlow High OF ILLINOIS clare their independence from the OPEC IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cartel price. There is no need for Ameri School Band on their fine accomplish ments. Monday, July 28, 1975 can oil prices to reach a foreign consor The articles follow: tium set Oil price especially when that Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, at this time price will wipe out the poor communities HEROES' WELCOME FOR BAND I would like to bring to the attention economically. (By Janet Summerford) of our colleagues, a group of talented The Ludlow High School band got the young ladies from my home state who It is my hope that reason will prevail biggest heroes' welcome ever thrown in that 1n all future energy price decisions. The town as it returned Thursday night from a have just been awarded the lliinois State goal of equal opportunity for all Ameli two-week trip to Vienna, Austria, to play at juvenile division baton twirling cham cans can never be reached if the posi a musical festival. pionship. tion of those who have the least resources Parents, relatives and well-wishers cheered, The Steperetes, under the direction of Js not considered before the final deci applauded and waved as the band's buses Ms. Renee Aabye, will be competing in sion is made. We cannot afford to price rolled off the Massachusetts Turnpike at the National Baton Twirling Association the Ludlow exit shortly after 9 p.m. championships on Tuesday, July 29 in the poor and the needy out of the en A parade led by the Shriners' Highland South Bend, Ind. ergy market. I agree with P1·esident Band and a color guard of Veterans of I want to join their parents and other Ford's contention that we must reduce Foreign Wars Post 3236 led the buses to Ludlow High School, where more than 1,000 friends in saying how proud I am of our consumption of foreign oil; I can them. With the average age of the Step not agree, however, to the implementa well-wishers jammed the parking lot. "This is about the biggest thing that's eretes being only 10 years old, I am sure tion of a pricing program which will al ever happened here," said Ludlow native we will be hearing of future successes low those who can afford energy to live Joseph Kowal, commander of VFW Post 3236. and I just want to take this opportunity comfortably and which leaves those who "We felt pretty good about them going to say congratulations and good luck in cannot out in the cold. anyway," he said. "The fact that they came South Bend. 25480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July -28, 1975 GENEROUS APPROPRIATIONS AP· and necessary funding for energy re PUERTO RICO PIONEERS REFORM PROVED FOR VIGOROUS RE· search and development programs while OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRO looking to long-term solutions to our GRAMS FOR ALL FORMS OF NEW energy problems. ENERGY It should be noted that there are no HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL simple solutions to the energy crisis and OF NEW YORK the many actions by Congress to date are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOE L. EVINS part of a continuing effort to solve our Monday, July 28, 1975 OF TENNESSEE energy problems in the Nation's interest. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our goals will be achieved through the skill, imagination, and dedication of past occasions many Members of the Monday, July 28, 1975 thousands of research scientists and Congress have commented with great Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, technicians, the expenditure of large eloquence about the multitude of prob the Congress has acted strongly and amounts of funds and the cooperation of lems that arise from the slow progress of vigorously in responding to the Nation's millions of Americans. cases in the judicial systems of the energy crisis by providing appropriations Although the Congress has signifi United States. Few will deny that the for many energy research and develop cantly increased the budget for many wheels of justice move with inordinate ment programs. energy research and development pro slowness almost everywhere in the coun The Subcommittee on Public Works grams from the levels requested for fiscal try. In view of the magnitude of this Appropriations, of which I am honored year 1975 and from the fiscal year 1975 problem and its adverse affect on the levels, there is a limit to the rate at most basic rights of many American citi to serve as chairman, recently recom zens, it is noteworthy whenever court mended and the House approved an ap which funds can be wisely and profitably expended in any research and develop improvements are initiated. In that con propriation of $3.9 billion for the Energy nection I want to take this opportunity Research and Development Administra ment effort. Limitations on the availa bility of skilled manpower and research to call the attention of my fellow Mem tion-ERDA-which was created re bers of the House of Representatives to cently by an act of Congress to guide facilities, and the need for fiscal modera tion dictate that we must proceed pru the February 1975 issue of Judicature and direct the Nation's vital and impor magazine which carried at page 350 an tant energy research programs. dently in this matter in the public interest. article entitled "Puerto Rico Updates Its This funding will enable the Energy Courts." The author is Antonio S. Ne Research and Development Administra gron -Garcia. tion to develop new energy sources and The article describes recent improve technologies and assist the Nation in THE JORGENSEN RANGERETTES ments made in the courts of Puerto Rico achieving self-s:fficiency and independ and describes the manner in which some ence in energy production in the years of these improvements can be extended ahead. HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI to other judicial systems in the United The Congress has acted aggressively in OF n.LINOIS States. I hereby submit the full text of providing funding for energy research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senor Negr6n-Garcia's article for the and development programs. This re Monday, July 28, 1975 RECORD: sponse by the Congress will contribute PUERTO RICO UPDATES ITS COURTS to assuring Americans adequate supplies Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, (By Antonio S. Negr6n-Garcia) of energy and minimizing the importa I would like to bring to the attention of (NoTE.-The Commonwealth of Puerto tion of fuel from abroad while holding our colleagues of the House a group of Rico has earned an enviable reputation as ~ energy prices at reasonable levels. These talented young ladles from my home leader in modern, effective judicial adminis appropriations, if wisely used, should State of Illinois who will be competing tration. The judicial article of the Consti lead to the production and consumption in the National Baton Twirling Associa tution of 1952, described in an article in of energy with minimal impact on the tion Championships on Tuesday, July 29 Judicature in February, 1953, was a model of in South Bend, Ind. progressive thinking in its :field. environment. Last year Governor Rafael Hernandez Funds for a broad range of research The Jorgensen Rangerettes. under the Col6n appointed a council to appraise the and development programs, including able direction of Mrs. Karen Russo-the system's operation after more than two dec nuclear power, solar, geothermal, and lovely wife of our colleague from the ades of experience and recommend needed Third District of Dlinois-and Ms. Judy improvements. CouncU chairman Jose Trias fusion, among others, have been pro Monge, a leading San Juan attorney at the vided. The following table clearly dem Jorgensen, have built an enviable record time of his appointment, is now Chief Justice onstrates the effort of Congress in pro since being founded in 1958. The group of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, and viding for energy research and develop has won the Illinois State Championship the councU's executive secretary, Antonio nine times-1967 through 1975-the Na Negr6n Garcia, has just recently been ap ment by comparing levels of funding ap pointed associate justice of that court. In the proved in fiscal years 1975 and 1976, for tional Championship five times-1966, following article, Justice Negr6n Garcia tells certain ERDA energy research programs 1967, 1972, 1973, and 1974-and the of the work of the council and its impressive as follows: World Championship itself in 1973. achievements after its first year of operation. The efforts of the Jorgensen family to The council's remarkable achievement in provide an opportunity for youngsters to procuring legislative enactment of 48 out of House 51 proposed items of legislation attests to the Fiscal passed develop and demonstrate coordinated quality of its work, and the fine degree of year fiscal year physical and mental dexterity is to be cooperation attained among legislature, 1975 1976 comtnended. I am sure that I speak for courts, bar and public officials. uncounted parents and children when I The council's work w111 continue, and so Solar energy ______$35, 997, 000 $140, 700, 000 will Puerto Rico's preeminence in modern Geothermal energy___ 27, 100, 000 47, 430, 000 express deep appreciation for the hours and effective judicial administration. GLENN Fusion R. & 0 ______95, 720, 000 158, 223, 000 of dedicated instruction and support R. WINTERS, Editor Emeritus.) Laser fusion research___ 42, 915, 000 62, 150, 000 In April 1973, the Governor of Puerto Rico Fission power reactor given over the years by the Jorgensen development --- 447, 526, 000 490, 122, 000 parents, Peter and Kathleen, and daugh Rafael Hernandez Col6n established the Mvanced isotope sep. ters, Pat, Judy, and Karen. Council for the Reform of the System of aration technology_ 14, 500, 000 28, 350, 000 Justice 1 to integrate and coordinate govern.: The Rangerettes are a group of 36 girls mental resources towards the ultimate goal ranging in age from 7 to 18, averaging of a modernized, effective system of justice.• Additionally significant funds have about 14, who support their group - The five-member councll composed ot tbe been appropriated for expansion of through candy sales and ad books. 'I1lis Chief Justice, the President of the senate, various plant and capital equipment is the Speaker of the House of Representatives. kind of lnltiative to be commended. the secretary of Justice a and a private cltl- projects. I just want to say congratulations and The Congress has thus provided vital good luck in South Bend. Footnotes at end of article. July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25481' zen, appointed an executive secretary with a · tonomy Act of 1973, all officials and em ceed $1,000; between an owner of a motor legal and secretarial staff to handle the basic ployees of the judicial branch except the vehicle and a mechanic, tinsmith, or painter research. As auxiliary bodies of the councn, judges will be selected and appointed by the related to the conditions or compensation 18 commissions were appointed, composed Chief Justice or the Office of Court Admin· of said work and the retention of the vehicle; of more than 125 lawyers, judges, legislators, · istration. between seller and buyer relating to the war journalists, labor leaders and other members In order to raise the prestige of the district ranty and repair of any furniture or appli of the community, all of whom served with courts and achieve a more balanced work ance not in excess of $1,000; and labor dis out pay. Each commission was assigned a load between the district and the superior putes not exceeding $100. topic, but the specific matters to be studied courts, the former's jurisdictional amount At a hearing to be held within five days were left to their discretion, with only the in all civil matters was raised from $2,500 of the complaint, the magistrate not only stipulation that their proposals should be to $10,000. hears the parties orally and receives evi suitable for short term implementation. A long-expected improvement in the Com dence, but attempts to obtain an agreement In less than a year, the commissions study monwealth Judicial System was the creation between the parties. The Rules of Civil Pro ing courts, police, penal reform and mort of municipal judges who will gradually be cedure are not applicable and the Rules of gage reform all submitted specific admin substituted for justices of the peace as the Evidence are applicable only if they do not istrative and legislative recommendations. justices' terms expire. Budgetary limitations tend to denaturalize the proceedings. After analysis by the council, these were for and constitutional judicial safeguards made If a settlement is not possible and the warded to t.he three constitutional branches their immediate substitution unfeasible. magistrate is satisfied that there is a legit of government and to other public officials. Municipal judges will exercise all func imate legal controversy between the parties On March 14, 1974, Governor Hernandez tions and powers of the justices of the peace requiring adjudication, he enters a verbal Colon, working in collaboration with the such as the power to fix and accept bails, and resolution-later recorded and notified-in Justice Department, the Office of Courts Ad· to issue arrest and search and seizure war dicating which of the parties is probably right ministration, and the executive secretary of rants. In addition, municipal judges may ac and explaining to them the scope of the the council, sent, in an unprecedented spe cept guilty pleas for municipal ordinance provisional legal status binding the parties cial message, 51 bills to the legislature, in violations and determine provisional rights while the controversy is disposed of through cluding a proposed new penal code. After a. and beliefs. In case of necessity, they may, at · ordinary proceedings. Violation of the resolu five-month legislative debate, in which the the special designation of the Chief Justice, tion is punishable as a civn contempt. Bar Association, the Civil Rights Commis · be authorized to perform as district court The resolution, while not subject to revi sion and other institutions and individuals judges. sion, does not constitute res judicata.. Upon participated, 48 of the bllls were approved A Writ of ~rtification procedure between the filing of an ordinary action, a competent and became law with the signature of the · any federal or state court of the United -court may interlocutorily amend or stay the chief executive. . States and the Supreme Court of Puerto magistrate's order, if gross error or special The new laws may be classified as follows: Rico was established as a mechanism to circumstances are shown. No attorney is re acts designed to improve the quality of the strengthen the Commonwealth's judicial sys quired in the proceedings. courts and strengthen judicial authority; tem, enabling our high court to initially in This law will enable the judicial system acts designed to expedite judicial proceed terpret a local law which 1s a. determinant to respond quickly and economically to com ings; an act amending the vehicle and traf in the cause of action being considered in mon dally problems and complaints and to fic law; acts designed to combat crime, an the state or federal court. divert substantial, time-consuming disputes act establishing a new penal code; and acts The Code of Civil Procedure was amended that unnecessarily overload the courts. which provide for correctional reform. to allow local courts to grant restraining Depending on experience, the Act might To improve judicial selection, a. require orders, preliminary or permanent injunctions be amended to enlarge the scope of matters ment of five years of legal experience for su against the Government of Puerto Rico. which may be provisionally adjudicated; or perior court judges and three years of district Act 140 of July 23. 1974, deserves special to provide that any such order after a certain court judges, was established. attention by judges, legislators and scholars · lapse of time, without any party filing an To enforce standards of judicial behavior, · interested in overcoming the delay and high - ordinary action, may become res judicata.. a bill was enacted permitting the removal cost in the judicial system. It allows im Another way of speeding the disposition of from office by the Supreme Court of Puerto mediate determination of provisional rights civil cases is attempted through an act estab Rico of any judge who shows "manifest pro and relief. In its pertinent part, the State lishing a 60-day period, after the defendant fessional incompetence in judicial duties." ment of Purpose runs as follows: has served his answer, within which both This amplifies the previous grounds of im "This act provides a simple and fast pro parties must initiate discovery proceedings. moral, unbecoming or reprehensive conduct cedure empowering a. municipal or a. district Authorization is vested in the court to im or neglect of judicial duties. The bill also court judge, when the former is not avail pose economic sanctions for failure to com provides for the "separation" of judges due able, to establish provisional legal status in ply With any order related to such proceed to "relative or absolute physical or mental in certain matters, fixing and determining ings. The act also allows the court to set a legal rights and relations between the par llmlt on counterclaims, additional party and capacity" affecting judicial duties. The ef third-party proceedings, thus disallowing the fects of such separation are equivalent to a ties. Such determination will not constitute res judicata nor defeat the assertion of those use of discovery as a means of delaying the voluntary resignation. For the first time in rights in the ordinary course of law. case or obtaining undue postponements. the history of Puerto Rico, the judicial "The procedure provided is simple and Four important Acts were approved to cut branch is :flexible enough t.o cope with any neither demands nor prohibits attorney par down on continuances. physical or mental incapacity of a member of ticipation. Its implementation envisions the An amendment to the Rules of Criminal the judiciary which may render him unfit for formulation of a. verbal or written complaint, Procedure provides that any continuance office. dispensing with the usual elaborate and motion must be through a Written petition, The Judicial Ret irement Act was amended complex documents used in ordinary litiga with five days notice, explicitly indicating to place the members of the judiciary at the tion. the reasons for adjournment. Attorneys must same level as other governmental employees "As a legislative bill of foremost judicial now indicate in the motion at least three by recognizing occupational and nonoccupa and social value, it breaks through tra.di· dates Within the current calendar term on tional disabilities and death benefits. tiona! formulas and barriers, making possi which they will be available for trial. While To allow more freedom and a wider scope ble the administration of justice in a most recognizing that this places a new burden on of selection to the Chief Justice, the Judi direct and efficient way, in consonance with attorneys, it is expected that the mechanism ciary Act was amended to permit a judge of the basic principles embraced in the Con will bring about better court and party co the Court of First Instance to be named di stitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto ordination, thus avoiding future continu rector of the Office of Court Administration Rico. Experience will guide future extension ances due to calendar confiicts, unavailability while retaining his position and rights as a. or limitation." of essential witnesses, and so forth. judge. The appointed judge will be relieved This act is a summary proceeding for the For civil cases, a bill was enacted requiring of all his judicial duties, and his judicial au immediate determination of provisional as a. general rule that continuance motions thority and powers suspended. rights and reliefs. The proceeding is appli be in writing, and that verbal petitions on To reduce the backlog of criminal cases in cable to the following controversies: over the day of the trial be entertained only it the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice was boundaries and rights of way; over custody they are based on extraordinary, unantic empowered to create an appellate division of of minors; between married persons or cou the superior court and determine the num ipated circumstances, not under the control ples living in concubinage with respect to of the parties or their attorneys. ber of sections, terms, members and location possession and use of residential structures, of said division. and other personal property; between tenant In all cases, criminal or civil, the judge In recognition of the plenary aspect of ju and landowner regarding emergency repairs must state, in a written order, the grounds dicial autonomy, the authority to appoint in a residential property; between construc for postponement, a copy of which must be marshals and submarshals was transferred tion owner and contractor in relation to the forwarded to the administrative judge. The from the governor to the chief justice. With conditions, evolution and compensation of data thus produced will eventually be this change and the Judicial Persoimel Au- said construction in an amount not to ex- studied in the Office of Courts Administra- CXXI--1605-Part 20 25482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 tion as it seeks further solutions to court The commencement of a trial in the ab !l Puerto Rico is no exception to the pro delay. sence of a defendant validly summoned in found and rapid socio-economic changes To further discourage continuances, new arraignment was authorized, permitting the being experienced in the United States and automatic fee for any such motion in both impanelling of the jury, the presentation of other parts of the world, and to its negative civil and criminal cases was established, the evidence, and the return of the verdict with consequences. Court backlog, urban explo characteristics of which are as follows: ( 1) • out the defendant's presence. To maintain sion, rise in crime and delinquency and ob The fee, represented by a special seal, must order when a defendant's conduct tends to solescence in substantive and procedural law be paid on any written or verbal request for interrupt judicial proceedings, the Act also are illustrative examples. adjournment. In cases set for trial the authorizes: (a) contempt proceedings; (b) a At present these positions are held, re amount is $10, and in any other proceedings adoption of any other pertinent coercive spectively, by the Honorable Jose Trias the amount is $5. (2) In stipulated adjourn measures; (c) defendant's removal from the Monge, Juan Cancel-Rios, Luis E. Ramos ments of civil cases the fee must be paid by courtroom. Yordan, and Francisco de Jesils-Schuck. Ron. each party. (3) If the party's signature is not Pretrial conferences were established, to Pedro Perez Pimental was former Chief Jus• included in the motion, or if the attorney aid in reducing controversies and in plan tice. does not expressly state the party's concur ning court calendars. To shorten voir dire 4 Pound, Roscoe: The Causes of Popular rence, the fee must be paid by the attorney. proceedings, jurors' preliminary examina Dissatisfaction with the Administration of If the party consents, the fee must be paid tions will now be conducted by the judge. An Justice; 40 American L. Rev. 729 (1906), re• by the party. (4) Even though the fee is amendment was introduced permitting the printed, 46 J. Am. Jud. Soc. 55 (1962). automatic, it does not affect judicial author substitution of another judge for a disabled ity to deny the motion, initiate contempt judge in a criminal trial in any phase prior proceedings or impose other sanctions upon to the verdict. Criteria for the imposition of the parties or their attorneys. ball and a swift procedure for the revision of FROM THE LIGHTHOUSE The act authorizes the court to waive the the amount of ball were enacted. payment of the adjournment fee when a Various acts were approved relating to cor party alleges, through a written petition, any rectional reform. One act created an au of the following: a) death, sickness or acci tonomous agency to direct con·ectional poli HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY dent of his attorney, or of an essential party cy and administer the correctional system. OF NEW YORK or witness; b) an act of God; c) calendar con In the civil area, amendments were intro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fiict in schedule of cases less than a year old duced to ex-parte proceedings relating to when petitioned within a reasonable time; declaration of heirship, amendments or addi Monday, July 28, 1975 d.) any other extraordinary circumstance ad tions to documents filed in the general regis Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. mitted by the Court. The seal must be at try of vital statistics, and waiver of consan Speaker, in the aftermath of Watergate, tached to the motion. If denied, it will be guinity for marriages, eliminating the need Americans have been rethinking the role cancelled; if granted, it will be returned. to of judicial hearings except on the court's ini· the party or his attorney. The Common tiative or upon motion by a party. of our institutions in our national life. wealth government, natural or juridical per To reduce the cost of legal proceedings, Richard Scott, a writer for the Babylon sons lawfully exempted from judicial fees the attorney's contingent fee in tort cases Beacon in my district, has been thinking and costs, and legal aid institutions for the was limited. In addition, compensation to a and writing about what has come to be poor are exempt from the fee. The Act al public official or employee for his judicial called the "imperial presidency." He locates money collected through continuance appee.rance or testimony as regular or expert makes sense and I hope my colleagues fees to legal aid programs for the poor. witness, was restricted. will take notice. A substantial amenclment to the vehicle The integrated reform of the Puerto Rican The article follows: and. Traffic Law of Puerto Rico alleviates system of justice as described in this article some tradititonal problems: (1) traffic case shows that the three branches of government THE PuREST DEMOCRACY backlog (2) time spent by the police in rou can-without overlapping their respective, (By Richard Scott) tine court appearances; (3) inconvenience autonomous powers-successfully coordinate "The world's purest Democracy" has be to many drivers whose court appearance is public and private resources to revise the come severely and perhaps irreparably pollu only for the purpose of entering a guilty system of law. ted. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandht, plea and paying a small fine; and (4) the But reform is a continuous process. To faced with the loss of office because of mis high cost of administering a law framed complement the vast legislation enacted, the use of campaign funds, declared a state of within the Criminal Justice System. Justice Department and the Office of Court emergency, putting her critics in jail and The Act converts almost one third of the Administration are sponsoring island-wide ~ensoring the press. Mrs. Gandhi's troubles traffic violations from criminal to aclminis seminars to explain the new acts to judges, and her repulsive reactions are just the lat trative offenses with a fixed fine. The offenses prosecutors, lawyers and other members of est in a series of shake-ups throughout the so converted were those where statistical the community. The Bar Association is con democratic world. Leaders in Japan, Ger data showed a consistent entering of guilty tributing to these activities. many, and the United States have resigned pleas. The driver charged will receieve notice The council's work continues. Recently in disgrace in the past year. It all gives de of the offense and of the fine, whereupon he three more reports were filed by the commis mocracy a bad name. can pay personally or by mall, or petition sions on labor law, civil law and the office of Gandhi's dictatorial flourish has produced the district court for judicial review. When the public prosecutor. More reports are ex many comparisons with the plight of Richard a driver commits an administrative offense, pected soon. The Supreme Court and the Nixon under similar circumstances last year. and as a result causes an accident which Chief Justice, are ena.cting new administra Nixon could have easily become a dictator. produces personal or property damage, the tive rules and norms for the courts, and a He even tried to sidestep justice with that administrative offense becomes a misde new judiciary act is being considered. old "save the presidency" dodge, exactly what meanor, and the driver becomes liable to All those who are participating in the Mrs. Gandhi has claimed. criminal prosecution. process of revitalizing Puerto Rico's system Comparing Nixon and Gandhi and America The results of this new method of dealing of law share a firm personal conviction that with India serves no real purpose. There is with traffic violations will be closely followed Aristotle's conception of justice as the high no sense of pride in the fact that our de to determine the desirability of extending it est and most valuable human virtue is an mocracy survived; only relief that it did so. to other criminal offenses of the traffic law. attainable goal when duly administered by Had Nixon destroyed the tapes, or if the dlligent, prudent, moral, patient and im tapes never existed, Gerald Ford would still Among the most important amendments partial judges. to the rules of criminal procedure are the fol be vice-president. The repression and cen lowing: Then only, will we be closer to Roscoe sorship in India today should produce shud The need to corroborate an accomplice's Pound's prophetic vision " ... of a future ders in every American who witnessed the when our courts will be swift and certain political events of last summer. testimony was eliminated; the rule requir agents of justice, whose decisions will be ing corroboration of the prosecutrix's testi What needs to be done is an overhaul of mony in cases of rape was changed. acquiesced in and respected by all." " the office of the presidency. There is literally Puerto Rico's obsolete Penal Code of 1902 FOOTNOTES nothing to stop a man with such power from 1 Its conception surpasses the judicial sys assuming the crown and sceptre of the ty was repealed, and a new code was approved rant. Our system of checks and balances recognizing the duel function of punishment tem as classically conceived, covering-in ad dition to Courts-Police, Prosecutor, State must be re-checked and re-balanced so we as a means of retribution, deterrence, and re can sleep a little better at night without habilitation and establishing new crimes in Office, Mortgage Law, Legal Medicine Insti tute, Civil Law, Maritime and Aerial Law, fearing the knock on the door. People will accordance with modern times. Penal Law, and Correctional System, among tell you the executive must have to the To expedite judicial proceedings the post others. power for emergency action; I believe the of Public Prosecuting Attorney for the Dis During the same year, the Supreme Court potential danger is too great. And if some trict court lege! was created. and the "de novo summoned the Judicial Conference. To avoid one says any other way is too inefficient, what trial" was eliminated. Rules to govern pollee duplication of labours between both organ they're really saying is we need dictatorship line-up and photography proceedings were isms, their respective areas and efforts were to operate our government. I don't believe adopted. coordinated. that, not yet. July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25483 TITLE: SOLVING OUR ENERGY phase out the controls gradually-and to loaded the rifle and shot out one of the place a tax on the windfall profits of oil PROBLEMS companies that can be rebated to the con front tires of the car, slowing the robber's sumer to offset the economic impact. escape. Law enforcement officials soon There obviously will be a compromise be arrested a suspect and, thanks to Rob HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS tween the White House and the Democratic bin's testimony, the suspect was con OF CALIFOBNIA Congress. Without it, the controls on old victed of first degree murder and sen IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES oil will expire August 31 and this would produce an immediate and sudden jump in tenced to life in prison. MondaY~ July 28~ 1975 oil prices. Both sides want to avoid this. Robbin Massey is a courageous and Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, the time But amid the complex political maneuver quick-thinking young man and I salute ing now going on one thing stands out: The him for his act of heroism. has come for Congress to realize that nation does not yet have a solid, comprehen there is no easy way out of or around our sive energy program that is understood and energy problems. We cannot just wave a support ed by the American public. Recession magical wand and make the oil crisis get has put the energy question on the back ROMANIA's OPPRESSED HUNGAR better or go away. burner, the politicians in Congress don't IAN MINORITY We hear much talk about the economic want to make tough decisions, and an abun impact of the President's program to de dance of oil on the market defies all warn control "old oil" over a period of 30 ings of crisis. months because it is "politically expedi Somehow, there has to be better commu HON. CLAUDE PEPPER nication between government and public on OF FLORIDA ent" for some of us to continue deluding this crucial matter. According to the New our constituents into thinking that there York Times, Mr. Ford plans to send to Con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a cheap, painless way out of this pre gress another program of oil price decontrol. Monday, July 28, 1975 dicament. We must stop telling the Perhaps this would be a good occasion for American people that energy can be him to go to the nation and explain the Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, I wish to available Inexpensively when we know ABCs of the energy dilemma. Americans have Indicate that, while I Intend to vote for the contrary to be true. We must stop never lacked an ablllty to adapt to new con House Concurrent Resolution 252, I have ditions-but they need convincing that the .some strong reservations about it. the rhetoric and begin offering construc time for change is now. tive and comprehensive ways to solve our I was a cosponsor of House Concurrent energy problems Instead of blindly pur Resolution 326, which 1s not now before suing courses which perpetuate them. us because of the promises of the A13- Mr. Speaker, I offer the following edi ROBBIN MASSEY-12-YEAR-OLD sistant Secretary of State for European torial from the Christian Science Moni CRIMEFIGHTER Mairs, Arthur A. Hartman, before the tor as one more piece of convincing evi International Relations Committee's dence, that the majority in Congress is HON. WALTER FLOWERS Subcommittee on Trade, which I hope only deluding itself by pursuing the leg will be llved up to. islative course which it has decided to OF ALABAMA It would be a mockery of our traditions follow: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of freedom to strive for close relations [From the Christian Science Monitor, Monday, July 28, 1975 July 23, 1975] with Romania without making It clear FoRD's HANDLE ON OIL Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, I am that we condemn the present treatment Democrats in Congress may be winning sure we have all heard of Incidents in meted out to ethnic and rel1glous minor points with the public in their battle with which a citizen's refusal to become in Ities in that country, which compares un President Ford over oil prices. But the Presi volved has hampered law enforcement favorably even with that of the other dent is moving in the only logical direction officials in preventing or solving a crime. countries of East Central Europe which over the long run. Americans, even if reluc Today, I want to tell my colleagues about tantly, must accept the inevitability of one of my constituents who did get in have Communist governments. Many de higher-cost energy and a change in their liv volved. In fact, he risked his life to pre tailed cases of oppression and harass ing habits. vent a killer's escape and then testified ment were presented during the subcom It was not easy for Mr. Ford to veto still mittee's hearings, showing the systematic another Democratic bill, this one designed against the suspect in the case. All the to keep the controls on domestically pro more remarkable, the person of whom campaign being conducted against the duced "old" on. The fact that the White I speak is a 12-year-old boy-Robert 2.5 million Hungarian minority in Ro House gave little publicity to the veto action Massey, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Richard mania, as well as against Roman Catholic suggests the political awkwardness of it. But, Massey of Greensboro, Ala. and Protestant groups in the country. given the world's depleting oil resources, the It all began when Robbin and his Along with this domestic oppression, Ro President has no realistic alternative: He father stopped their pickup truck in must pursue a long-range program that mania has a dismal record in respect to forces consumers to reduce the use of oil, front of a country store owned by Frank allowing the relatives of U.S. citizens to encourages the expansion of domestic pro lin Dooley. Robbin went into the store emigrate to the United States. duction, and gets the U.S. away from growing for food and drinks while his father, dependence on foreign supplies. handicapped with an injured leg, re Under these circumstances our votes The decontrol of "old" oil would not nec mained in the truck. After entering the in favor of House Concurrent Resolution essarily give an impetus to new exploration store, Robbin saw Mr. Dooley, armed 252 should not be misconstrued as ap in the short run because the oil companies with a shotgun, ordering out a young proval of Romanian policies and we re are going full steam now. But it would en male customer. Mr. Dooley told Robbin serve the right to raise the issue again courage the use of secondary or tertiary re to go for help because the man was try covery methods on old wells, adding perhaps after the 18-month waiver period expires, billions of barrels of on to the domestic sup ing to rob him. Robbin raced to the unless redress is given to the minorities ply. Moreover, it would also simplify the truck and he and his father prepared in Romania. petroleum market, which now functions un to go for help, but in the excitement his Thirty-nine Members of the House, in der an unwieldy two-price structure, and it father backed the truck into a ditch, cluding myself, petitioned the President would make alternative sources of energy, like where the truck became stuck. last Friday to make sure that the State solar heat, more attractive costwise. While this was going on, they heard Department follows through on its prom The major concern of course is that a de several shots from inside the store and ise and asked that he raise the issue in regulation of prices on "old" on, which ac saw Mr. Dooley come out the front door counts for 60 percent of all domestic pro his talks with President Ceaucescu dur duction, will trigger sharp increases in fuel and fall dead. The robber followed and, ing his current European visit. We hope costs, and add to inflationary dangers at the when he saw the truck was stuck, dashed that he will listen to our concerned voices very moment the economy is beginning to for his car, Robin picked up a hunting so that detente with Romania will not turn around. Whether the impact would be rifle being carried in the truck, loaded it become tantamount to abandonment of anywhere near as great as Democrats charge and fired at the robber, striking him in our humanitarian concern for the hu is questioned by economists. But, in any the shoulder. The robber managed to get man and civil rights of people every event, the intent of the a.dm1n1stra.'t1on is to inside his car anyway, but Robbin re- where. 25484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 2B, 1975 THE LIE-DETECTOR AND THE It was Megga.rd's assignment to question me asked if he has been helping the man in the THREAT TO CONSTITUTIONAL and to verify the truthfulness of statements photo steal from the store. If even that an RIGHTS in my application. In other words, 7-Eleven swer registers deception, it casts some doubt wanted to know whether my character was on the apparent deception registered in other sterling enough for a $2-an-hour job. answers. In other words, the examiner is HON.EDWARD I. KOCH Atlantic Security has three bland rooms warned that the test may not be producing leading off its lobby which are equipped for reliable results. Ancl vice versa. OF NEW YORK polygraph interrogations. I was led into one When the exam was over, the examiner IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and seated in an oversized, almost com said the machine indicated that I was in a Monday, July 28, 1975 fortable chair. conspiracy with one or more employes to steal · The theory of the polygraph is that when money and merchandise from the store. I was Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I would like a person gives a false response to a question aghast. I had never knowingly stolen any to draw to the attention of my colleagues there will be noticeable signs of stress: thing. Two more times the exam was admin an excellent article which appeared in changes in blood pressure, breathing, pulse, istered and the results were the same. The the Washington Star concerning the and skin resistance. Never trust a palm examiner said it was clear that I was holding polygraph machine: the problems it sweater, you know. something back, whether relevant or not, The examiner told me it was important and that this was the time to get it off my seeks to solve and the problems that it that I trust him and his machine and he was chest. creates. The experiences of the author, going to ask me some questions to familiarize It was a nightmare come true. I'd come Jim McClellan, vividly depict the pres me with the test and the equipment, and into the room feeling my honesty beyond re sures that the polygraph machine's use to put me at ease. proach; now, through my own physiological in employment can put on our fragile With the machine turned off, I was asked responses, a sort of subconscious confession, system of constitutional rights. His is if I had stolen anything from a previous I found myself under suspicion of theft and the story of a person so intimidated by employer, if I smoked marijuana or used of lying to cover up stealing. drugs, drank to excess, if I'd written bad The examiner fished for a confession for the polygraph that he felt compelled to checks; and questions generally probing about 15 minutes. I wanted very badly to be confess to having purloined a handful whether I was truthful in ·filling out South able to confess something and be rid of this of popcorn at his job. He was forced to land's application. whole humiliating experience. The only thing take not one but three lie-detector tests, With some preliminaries over, a tube was I could think to do was confess to a weak and when the third time he refused, he attached to my chest. A cuff which looked ness for fresh popped popcorn. I confessed was fired. like the kind physicians use to measure blood that whenever I popped popcorn at the store, However well intentioned the poly pressure was inflated around my wrist. Some which was almost daily, the smell did to me electrodes were attached to the fingers of what the siren's song had done to poor Ulys graph examiner may be, as I believe the one of my hands. I half expected a messenger ses. I further confessed that on one occasion one in this story is, the legitimate rights to come running with a pardon from the I had succumbed to the temptation and con of such people as Jim McClellan are governor, but it didn't happen. sumed two handfuls of popcorn. I also ratted jeopardized by the use of the lie detector. The examiner told me to look at a spot on the assistant manager who had taken a My bill, H.R. 2596, would ban the use on the wall about five feet in front of me, handful with me. The examiner said he was of polygraphs in employment. Business and warned that if my gaze strayed, or if sure I was hiding something much more can use fairer and more effective means I coughed, took a deep breath or fidgeted, serious. the test results could be affected. Then the MEGGARD. When the responses of a per.son to combat employee theft. Certainly, we machine was turned on and I was asked all given a polygraph examination indicate de cannot allow the rights of employees to the questions again. ception, the examiner will follow up giving be undermined for the expediency of Fortunately, the machine vouched for my the person an opportunity to give an in employers. integrity and I started work at 7-Eleven. nocent explanation for the deception, says I commend this article to my col MEGGARD. It is standard polygraph practice Glenn Meggard. Perhaps embarrassment over leagues because it does present both sides to thoroughly acquaint a subject with each some minor or irrelevant matter is causing of the issue. It is our responsibility in of the questions, and with the whole proce the strong response that shows up on the the Congress to come to grips with this dure, before the examinatiOn begins. Then polygraph as deception. The examiner's ques the element of surprise or confusion-which tions after the polygraph is turned off a:re threat to constitutional rights. The could distort the meaning of a subject's re aimed at clearing the record, not at extract article follows: sponses-is eliminated, Meggara says. ing a confession, says Meggard. Meggard con [From the Washington Star, July 27, 1975] At the end of two months of faithful serv tends that if a person being tested inter MY LIE DETECTOR NIGHTMARE ice to 7-Eleven I was given an opportunity prets it that way, it must be because of his (By Jim R. McClellan) to reaffirm my honesty. As a result of a $60 own insecurity or feelings of guilt. shortage, all the store's employes were re When I got out in the daylight I was (Nou.-Jim McClellan worked 1n a quired to pay another visit to Atlantic se embarrassed at having confessed to some 7-Eleven store in Arlington from mid-1973 curity. I objected to taking another poly thing so paltry as popcorn snatching and was to mid-1974. His account of his reaction to graph. I resented being mistrusted and I was sure the polygraphers were having a good company insistence that employes take poly angry that I was being made to prove my laugh at my expense. The agency dutifully graph tests follows. innocence even though there was nothing notitr~d Southland's district omce. And be (Glenn Meggard's firm administered the to indicate I had done anything wrong. fore I had even made it home, the district tests to McClellan and other 7-Eleven em This seemed contrary to one of those con supervisor had phoned the news of the con ployes. He disagreed with some of McClellan's stitutional rights I had always been told fession to the manager of the store where I impressions of events during the testing, and were unalienable. But to refuse the exam worked. some of his remarks are reported here in would have made it appear I had something The days immediately following the poly italic type, as are some remarks of Frank to hide and I felt I could be more righteous graph exa-m were agonizing. I had the feel Kitchen, Washington-Baltimore division in my contempt for the process after the ing that no one trusted me anymore and manager for 7-Eleven.) machine had confirmed that I was not guilty. that my every action was under someone's The "lie detector" is about as democratic So I took the exam. watch. And I certainly couldn't blame any way to apply for a job, or to remove one's The session was much like the preemploy one for mistrusting me; it was my word self from suspicion." So says Glenn Meggard, ment examination except that the questions against the machine's, and as logic would president of Atlantic Security Agency Inc. were more pointed, and therefore more in seem to indicate, the machine had no reason The 'lie detector' is about as democratic furiating. I was asked if I had stolen the to lie. as the rack. That is my conclusion after money from the store, or if I had aided, After a while I even started feeling guilty experiences with polygraph tests both 1n abetted, or was withholding information and contemptible, even though I knew I applying for a job and in later trying to about another employe's wrongdoing. I was hadn't stolen anything. I've known few feel remove myself from suspicion. shown a picture of a man who looked like ings quite this frightening. I applied for a job as a clerk in a 7-Eleven Ralph Ginsburg and asked if on nightshifts Finally I did some research. I found that store in 1973. After completing an applica I had helped him smuggle store merchandise at least 12 states (not including Virginia) tion and passing a physical and an aptitude into a truck. I was also asked if I had ever provide criminal penalties for employers con test, I was welcomed into what the parent lied to my wife. victed of forcing employes to undergo a poly Southland Corporation calls the "Southland MEGGARD. Ridiculous questions are inclu.clecl graph examination. Former Sen. Sam Ervin Faxnily." on examinations as a way of validating test of North Carolina has called the polygraph I quickly came to see how my new cor results, Meggard says. For instance, if a per "one of the most pernicious of all the pseudo porate parents treated their children. The son being examined is producing a number scientific insliruments of the 20th century.'• first thing I was made to do was take a trip of responses that indic~te he i8 being decep A polygraph cannot be correctly called a. over to see Glenn Meggard and his staff of tive, he can then be shown a photo of some lie-detector because it cannot tell if a subject _veteran security agents for a polygraph test. one whom he could not possibly know, ana is lying. It can only record physiological July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25485 changes. By monitoring these changes it is The myth of infallibility is also instrumen· There 1s robbery at the First National possible to tell when a person Is experiencing tal in extracting confessions that are irrel Bank. The pollee arrive on the scene minutes emotional stress. For many people lying ts a evant to matters under investigation. Before later and promptly arrest everyone standing stressful situation. But lying is not the only the machine is turned on, some polygraphers around on a charge of armed robbery. The stressful situation. A person under polygraph tell subjects that if there are incidents in onlookers are carted off to headquarters and investigation may show signs of stress out their past that they feel guilty about they strapped into polygraph. Those unable to of fear that innocence will not be proved, or should tell them to the examiner. Otherwise, prove their innocence of the bank robbery from resentment at being accused, or for the polygraph might reflect the subject's are declared guilty on the spot and sent on other reasons. While a polygraph can sense concern over these incidents. People have to jail. And as long as they're already in the when a person reacts abnormally to a ques been known to confess to a polygrapher just chair, those who did prove their innocence tion, it cannot identify the cause of the reac about everything from teen-age hubcap of the robbery are required to prove that tion. theft, infidelity, homosexuality, to even they had nothing to do with the rape over on Burke Smith in a 1967 Scientific American murder. 23rd Street, that they haven't been cheating article offered an example of a man who was Moreover, a polygraph examiner is not a on their income tax or pushing dope. Before asked during a polygraph examination if he priest or physician with the traditions of being released they are also given an oppor drank coffee. He answered truthfully that he confidentiality those professions have devel tunity to confess to any other crimes that did, but the machine indicated he was lying. oped over centuries. Information elicited might be troubling their consciences. Neither the man nor his examiner could ex during polygraph interrogations Js not only I reported for work at the normal time on plain the reaction. Later, under psycho recorded in the files of the polygraph firm, . the day I was to have taken the polygraph, therapy it was learned that throughout his but has also been known to find its way to but my name had been scratched off the work youth his parents had sternly prohibited him credit bureaus, employers, and police schedule. The district supervisor said that 7- from drlnk.ing coffee and he still carried agencies. Eleven sometimes came across employees who strong, though unconscious, feelings of guilt MEGGAP.D. Injonnation disclosed in a poly opposed the use of the polygraph and that about it. graph examination ts regarded as confidential they were always severed from the company. While the truthful can be wrongly accused by all reputable polygraphers, says Meggard. They were considered "conscientious objec 1f improper reliance is placed on a polygraph, Needless to say, it was reassuring to learn tors.'~ He said no one questioned my honesty. those who give false responses may be cleared. . of the polygrapher's unreliabillty. I had not I was being severed because I just didn't For some people lying is not a stressful situa been at the point of confessing, as the poor "mesh with corporate phUosophy." tion. In fact there are people who find it bank manager had been. But I was at least Southland is not the only company using satisfying. StU others seem to find ways of bewildered by my predicament. the polygraph. It is one of many, and the beating the machine. Supported by an armload of documents, I number is increasing. For everyone subjected Many who operate the polygraph claim explained what I had discovered to the store to the polygraph, the experience is anguish their machine is accurate 95-100 per cent of manager and he let me return to work. Noth ing and dehumanizing. the time. Some independent laboratory tests, ing more was ever said to me about the The corporate system should not be per however, have found the polygraph consid shortage that had set off the whole ordeal. In mitted to run so far afield from traditional erably less reliable. On the basis of a thor fact, a few weeks after starting back to work American ideals of civil liberty. People have a ough study, Dr. Martin Orne, a professor of the manager told me it was all right if I right to be considered innocent until or un psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, occasionally dipped into the popcorn. I could less their guilt has been proved through due concluded that the polygraph is no more than help myself to Slurpees, hot chocolate, and process of law. They have a right to be 80 per cent accurate. His findings were in coffee, provided, of course, that I furnished secure in their privacy, and a right to con basic agreement with those of an earlier my own cup. front those who would accuse them. The onlv study by Dr. Joseph F. Kubis of Fordham Ten months passed without any of the way an employee can confront this mechani~ University. In addition, Kubis found dimin store's employes being sent again to At cal accuser is with a crowbar. And that mav ished accuracy when the subjects of the lantic Security. not be a bad idea. • polygraph interrogation resorted to various Occasionally we were threatenend with a MEGGARD. No one ever should be required "Jamming" techniques; the accuracy of the trip to the polygraph, but no one actually to take a polygraph, but "It is also my opin examiners fell from 75 per cent to 25 per cent had to go. ion that no one should be precluded from when the subjects concentrated on exciting Finally, after a shortage in July of 1974, taking a polygraph examination as a means or upsetting thoughts during the exam. the store's seven employes were scheduled of exculpation," says Meggard. But in spite of its unreliability, polygraph for interrogations. I notified the manager KITcHEN. Southland has discarded t he has gained an aura of infallibility. This, more that I would not submit to another poly practice of automatic firings in favor of case than electronic gadgetry, is its principal graph and outlined my objections in writing. by-case 1udgment, says the 7 -Eleven division strength. Because some people are convinced I also suggested some alternatives to the manager. of the inevitability of detection, confessions store's auditing procedures which I felt In some parts of Virginia a polygraph ex will sometimes be given without actually re would greatly reduce the chances of short amination is still required by 7-Eleven prior sorting to the machine. ages, and thereby the need for subjecting to employment, in others a comprehensive This myth of infallibility is so stl·ong that employees to the humiliating and dehuman background screening is used instead. The it has even been known to convince innocent izing trips to Atlantic Security. problem with screening is that it tal{;es more people of their guilt. Burke Smith described Other employes felt as I did, but they de time. the case of a bank manager whose employer cided to submit to the interrogations any Southland fs well aware of controversy over believed in subjecting employes to ~periodic way. For them, the investigation was made lie detectors, Kitchen said. It regards the polygraph interrogations just to keep them into a fishing expedition. Not only were they polygraph not as a decision-maker b1tt as a honest. During one such "routine" exam, the asked about the particular shortages that management tool that must be used con young bank manager was asked, "Have you prompted the examinations, but whether scientiously and intelligently) or not at all. ever stolen any money from the bank or its they were guilty of cheating on their grocery It's tough to use, but 7-Eleven's is a tough customers?" He said that he had not done bills, giving unauthorized discounts on gro IJusiness in which instances of employe in so, but the polygraph indicated that he was ceries or selling money orders at reduced com;peten-ce, indifference or dishonesty can be lying. rates to friends, selling beer or wine to mi costly, so management must be diligent. After a lengthy session to determine the nors or after hours, drinking on the job, or "We su~pect," said Kitchen, "that some amount stolen, the examiner found that the smoking marijuana. None of the store's em day polygraphs will be banned!' The trend manager reacted most strongly when asked ployes was known to be suspected of these is in that direction, be observed, because oj about the sums of $800 and $1,000. The bank things. a. bad public image of lie det ection. manager was bewildered by the examination MEGGARD. Questioning when shortages results, but, convinced of the polygraph's in occur normally covers a wide range, well be fallibility, he confessed to having stolen yond the bounds of "Did you take $100 from $1,000. He even explained how he must have the ca~h regi~ter," because m·iminal behat:ior El';""'ERGY CONSERVATION AND carried out the theft. is jar from the only explanation jor shortages DEVELOPMENT ACT But an audit of the bank's record turned in a store. Sloppy or careless practices-such up no shortages. Under therapy, the man as letting someone else behind the counter was found to have very strong feelings of neat· the cash register or many other viola HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN guilt about financial dealings with his tions of company policy-may have caused OF CALIFORNIA mother and wife in the amounts of $800 the problem. Discovering such correctible and $1,000. Both his mother and wife were lapses is as much a target of the polygraph IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bank customers. The conclusion of the ther a~ is cri minal behavior, says Meggard. Monday, July 28, 1975 apist was that the bank manager had re The polygraph has been described as the sponded only to the phrase "or its customers" most democratic way for people to remove Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, I voted during the polygraph session. Later, In the themselves from suspicion. If so, we are fort for the pricing provision in H.R. 7014 in second polygraph test the man reacted nor unate municipal crime-fighting techniques the full Commerce Committee, and sup mally when asked. simply, "Have you ever are not equally democratic. Othenvise thts ported its retention by the House. I be stopen any money f·rom the bank?" might be the scenario; lieve the price ceiling contained in title 25486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 2'8, 1975 m and phase decontrol of old oil are lieutenant colonel in the Polish Al.-my in for us to decide what, 1f anything we necessary to protect American con 1954. should do about foreign-national em sumers from the devastating impact of For hls Journalistic and charitable ployment on foreign-soU military con ever-increasing energy prices until alter works for the liberation of Poland and struction projects. native energy sources are developed and the Polish cause, Father Skonteck1 re Therefore. I introduce this amend competition is restored in the energy ceived the Polish Army Cross of Merit. ment to H.R. 5210 which will require the market. the Silver Sword of General Haller, and Secretary of Defense to submit to Con A sudden decontrol of "old" oil would the Silver Cross of the Polish Roman gress an annual report specifying, for cause a severe shock to our already Catholic Union of America. each foreign-soU military construction weakened economy, and would wipe out Father Skoniecki was a most talented contract in excess of $500,000, the num the limited recovery which is underway. man, a dedicated clergyman. a great ber and nationality of foreign nationals It would significantly boost infiation and patriot, and a distinguished journalist. employed, the skills provided, and aver increase our intolerable level of unem He will be greatly missed, although in age wages paid to foreign nationals in ployment. The absence of a price ceiling the hearts of those who had the great each skill category. would also result in the setting of our fortune of knowing him he will never be domestic oil prices by the OPEC cartel forgotten. which is a political Plice of Arab ex ploitation. SOVIETS SEE "DETENTE" AS PATH On July 23 I missed the vote on the TO WORLD REVOLUTION WILSON of Texas amendment to remove EMPLOYMENT FOR FOREIGN title m of H.R. 7014. Had I been present, NATIONALS I would have voted against the amend HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ment removing title m from H.R. 7014. J. OF n.LINOIS HON. THOMAS DOWNEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, July 28, 1975 THE DEATH OF REV. ALPHOS Monday, July 28, 1975 Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there seems A. SKONIECKI to be a great deal of misunderstanding Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. over the meaning of the word "detente." Speaker, we all know that unemploy The U.S. Government, it appears, be HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE ment is the most severe and urgent prob lieves that detente really means an eas OF MASSACHUSETTS lem facing the Nation today. and that it ing of tensions and a cooperative working IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is particularly severe in the building together on the part of the West and Monday, July 28, 1975 trades. Yet the Department of Defense the East. The Soviet Union, unfortu has a $230 million construction program nately, seems to have an understanding Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it was with which takes funds from the American of detente which is far different. great sadness and deep regret that I taxpayers and uses them to create jobs If deeds are more important than learned of the death of the Reverend for foreign nationals: Jobs which could words, which they certainly should be, Alphos A. Skoniecki in Turners Falls, and probably should be filled by then the Soviet Union is not attempting Mass. Father Skoniecki was a great Americans. to camou:.tlage its real understanding of friend, and both his friendship and I am referring to those portions of detente at all. Subversion in Portugal, spiritual leadership will be sorely the military construction program which the establishment of a base in Somalia, missed. involve construction outside the United increased spending for military weapons, A native of Zielun, Poland, Father States and its possessions. Since 1970, support for telTorism in Afrtca and the Skoniecki came to Canada at the out we have spent over $1 billion on military Middle East-the list of Soviet violations break of World War I, where he grad construction overseas. Contracts for con of the spirit of detente are extensive. uated from the University of Montreal struction are let on a competitive-bid The fact which many in our own Gov 1n 1915. During World War I he was ac basis, and contractors naturally seek to ernment seem unwilling to confront is tive in recruiting Polish citizens in Amer minimize costs by hiring indigenous that even Soviet words are not in keep Ica for the Polish Army, and was later labor. In addition to taking jobs away ing with what we say we believe de Instrumental in raising funds for the from unemployed Americans, this prac tente to be. rebuilding of Poland after the war. tice has deleterious effects on our bal In a major speech recently reported by From 1918-25, Father Skoniecki ance of payments. Pravda, senior Politburo Member Mikhail served as the pastor of the Sacred Heart Should we require that foreign-soil A. Suslov hailed what he termed "the Church in Easthampton, Mass., a posi military construction be performed en further development and deepening of tion to which he brought great dedica tirely or in some specified part by Ameri the world revolutionary process." He de tion and understanding. He later served can labor? It may be argued that moving clared that "detente" serves the cause of as pastor of Our Lady of Czestochowa costs and higher wage scales would pro progress toward socialism 1n the whole Church in Turners Falls from 1925-48. hibitively increase construction expenses world. If events in Portugal, Cambodia, During this time he was always known and that balance-of-payment benefits South Vietnam, and Laos are any indica for his responsiveness to the needs of would be lost by American workers tion, Mr. Suslov seems to be correct. his parishoners and the open arms and spending their wages in foreign markets. In his speech, Mr. Suslov noted that, heart with which he greeted those in This may or may not be true. The prob "Conditions today-favor the establish need. Father Skoniecki celebrated his lem is we do not know. We do not even ment of a new society." He said that the 50th year of ordination in 1967 while have the basic information on which to realization of the "growing revolutionary pastor of the Saints Peter and Paul make a decision. possibilities" depends in many ways upon Church in Palmer, Mass. When this problem first came to my the strengthening and the solidarity of In addition to his inspirational work attention, I wrote to the Secretary of the Communist movement. "Irreversible as a man of the cloth, Father Skoniecki Defense, inquiring how many foreign detente is a precondition for the success was also a distinguished journalist. He nationals are employed and how much of this policy," he said. was the founder and editor of Piast, the they are paid. I was told that, "since Hopefully, President Ford and Secre Polish language newspaper in Chicopee, detailed contractor payroll information tary Kissinger will become aware of the Mass., from 1918-25. He was also the is not required for work performed in manner in which detente is being used founder of the Chicopee Herald. overseas areas, as it is within the United by the Soviet leadership for its own ag During World War II, Father Sko States, government contract records gressive purposes. One of these purposes niecki was the executive secretary for would not reflect the number of third is the final declaration of the European the Coordinating Committee of Seven country workers employed on a specific Security Conference which the Soviets Eastern States working to point out the project, if any, or the duration of their hope will ratify the communization of dangers of communism to Members of employment." Easte1·n Europe. For the United States Congress. In recognition of his wartime In the absence of this and certain to sign such a. document is precisely to efforts, Father Skoniecki was made a other basic information, it is impossible play into the hands of the leaders in July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25487 the Kremlin. The document which the "Conditions today ••• favor the estab place. Eit her they couldn't get the portable lishment of a new society," he said. The real camera in the right position at the window President now proposes to sign in Hel ization of the "growing revolutionary possi or they just didn't want to do it-we don't sinki was called the Betrayal of East bilities" depends in many ways upon the know." ern Europe by Nobel Prize winning So strengthening and the solidarity of the com The Apollo-Soyuz mission is the first inter viet author Alexandr Solzhenitsyn. munist movement and its ability to weld the national space flight and has been hailed as a I ~ish to share with my colleagues the international and national tasks of the work triumph for East-West co-operation and de report of the talk by Politburo Member ers into one. Irreversible detente is a pre tente. Some Americans feel the mission is Mikhail Suslov as it appeared in the condition for the success of this policy," he little more t han a Russian propaganda ex 22, said. ercise. Christian Science Monitor of July Mr. Kunashev denied yesterday that Mos 1975. written by Paul Wohl, and insert it cow cancelled the broadcast to keep Rus into the RECORD at this time: sians and others ax·ound the world from see [From the Christ ian Science Monitor, July 22, MORE ON THE INEQUITIES OF THE ing the obvious difference in Soyuz ( 15,000 1975) SOYUZ-APOLLO SPACE SHOT lb) and Apollo (29,000 lb). SmiETS SEE DETENTE As PATH 'IO WORLD Soyuz is due to parachute down on the REVOLUTION Russian steppes just before noon (BST) to (By Paul Wohl) HON. LARRY McDONALD day. OF GEORGIA The American astronauts, Thomas Stafford, A leading Soviet ideologist has made it Donald Slayton and Vance Brand will con clear that the Kremlin's policy of detente IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinue with space experiments until leaving with the West in no way changes the Soviets' Monday, July 28, 1975 orbit for splashdown West of Hawaii on long-term goal of world revolution. In fact, Thursday. the two are closely related. Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. In a major speech reported by Pravda, sen Speaker, in a typical maneuver, the So lor Politburo member Mikhail A. Suslov hail viet officials did not permit their peo ed what he termed "the further development JESSE O'VENS JUNIOR TRACK and deepening of the world revolutionary ple to see the comparative size of the two CLASSIC · process." Detente serves the cause of progress space capsules and had "political" diffi (toward socialism) in the whole world, he culties with their television transmission said. at the proper time. Such tactics are typi HON. BARBARA,..., _JORDAN The speech came only days before two cal of all exchanges with the Soviet OF TEXAS. events highlighting the policy of detente: Union. The story from the London Daily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The spectacular American-Soviet "handshake Telegraph on Monday. July 21, 1975, in space," and the agreement at the Euro Monday, July 28, 1975 pean security conference to wind up the follows: [From The London Daily Telegraph, July 21, Miss JORDAN. Mr. Speaker, on August conference with a summit meeting at Hel 16, 1975, over 600 boys and girls between sinki at the end of this month. 1975) Speaking from the same rostrum from SOVIET "BLACKOUT" ON APOLLO PICTURES the ages of 10 and 15 years old will com which Lenin held forth many times. Mr. ANGERS AMERICANS pete against each other for national rec Suslov spoke highly of the seventh congress (By Nigel Wade 1n Houston) ognition in track and field events. These of the Comintern or Communist Interna Russia's Soyuz spacecraft headed home youngsters from all over the Nation will tional, the organization that was to head a last night as American officials fumed over be participating in the 11th Annual Jesse worldwide communist revolution. Moscow's refusal to provide promised live Owens Junior Track Classic's national It was at the seventh congress in 1935 that television pictures of their Apollo craft dur championship meet. a new policy was laid down for working with ing the joint space mission. I am pleased that Houston, Tex., has "progressive" movements in other countries The Apollo mission control center at Hous been chosen for the site of the competi in a "popular front" to defeat fascism. ton believes propaganda considerations tion this year. The city of Houston De Then, as now, said Mr. Suslov, "the coun "could well have" caused the Russians to tries of the capitalist system were experienc drop the two telecasts. partment of Recreation, in cooperation ing a deep economic crisis, contradictions The American craft is nearly twice as big with the Atlantic Richfield Co., will host inside imperialism were becoming sharper as Soyuz. It carries the American-built dock this event. The Jesse Owens Sports Pro and the class strugg~e of the proletariat was ing module which made last week's space gram is designed to offer the youth of our growing. . . . Fascism throughout the world rendezvous and crew transfers possible. urban and underprivileged communities sought to set up repressive terrorist regimes." The two broadcasts should have been made an opportunity to participate in a pro Things have changed in the past 40 years, when Apollo and Soyuz made a practice said Mr. suslov, but parallels can be drawn. grar& that provides balanced athletic docking and undocking on Saturday. I He listed five factors which, he said, charac Apollo had filmed Soyuz during the first competition and recognition. believe terize the world today and point to commu docking on Thursday and the Russians were the program speaks for itself. nism's eventual total victory. to have filmed the American craft for about I would like to include in the RECORD The successful establishment of a com 15 minutes the second time. a page from the booklet, "The Undiscov munist society in the Soviet Union. The Russians said there were "technical ered Champions," with comments from The dynamic development of the world so dilllculties" with the two black and white some of the participants in the program: cialist system and its influence on world af cameras they were to use. Who ever beard of a track and field pro fairs. The American flight controllers had re g'l'am that wasn't looking for champions? No New victories of the international workers peatedly asked the two Russian cosmonauts body did. Until Atlantic Richfield started one and national liberation movements: an anti to use their portable colour earners so that eleven years ago. fascist revolution in Portugal, the collapse of television viewers including thousands in We persuaded all-time track great Jesse the military junta in Greece, the advance of Russia, could get an outside view of Apollo. Owens to help us start an annual youth track left-wing forces in France, Ita-ly, and Japan, "TOO BUSY'" and the broadening of the antimonopolist program stressing participation rather than offensive leading to a sharpening of the con Moscow said the cosmonauts were "too fancy equipment, the joy of competition busy" and that there were technical problems rather than winning at all costs. We were flict between wealthy capitalists and the more interested in providing fun for kids masses. involved. The deepening of the general crisis of cap The failure to film Apollo meant that tele than we were in building champions. vision viewers saw only the Russia craft, in The result was The Jesse Owens Junior italism, a weakening of its position, and a some of the best television pictures ever Track Classic. It's essentially a novice pro sharpening of its contradictions. beamed from space. gram for playground level boys and girls, 10 A relaxation of international tensions. American officials were furious and the to 15 years old. Each year in cities and sub "There can be no doubt," said Mr. Suslov, Russian delegation at Houston was badly rat urbs across the country we hold competition ''that under conditions of detente and peace tled by the first row in what had been until in running, jumping and throwing. The local ful coexistence it has become less possible the weekend a very harmonious joint ven winners are flown to the national champion (for the enemies of the U.S.S.R.] to export ture. ships where they meet and compete with 'counterrevolution'. But at this time, an im When a German journalist suggested to other kids. portant task of all progressive, democratic Mr. Boris Kunashev the Russian spokesman In 11 years-with the help of Jesse Owens !m·ces is to remain alert in the face of im at Houston, that the Soyuz camera "ditn and countless others-we've brought thou perialist intrigues and its agents. Never for· culties" may have been more political than sands of diverse young people together on get that the reactionary forces of the 'cold technical, he was roughly pushed aside by a the track field to compete with one another war' are striving as before to aggravate inter Russian photographer. to know one another. national conditions, to roll back the wheel o! A Houston spokesman said: "We don't We've uncovered a few champions, but history." understand why the broadcasts did not take more importantly, we have helped give an 25488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 2'8, 1975 those kids a rich human experience-a vic tered Indians, tlrappers, miners, and pio It did not really matter U you had to tear tory in the best sense of the word. neer settlers while the river has offered a ..The competition fs tough but that makes up the land to carve out an existence; if you better because you know you're running home to numerous varieties of fish, and you ran out of room or ruined the land, against the best. I love lt."-Lisa, 15, Pitts attracted countless numbers of plants you moved on. Now, however, we see that burgh. and animals. we can no longer move on, but must "In most sports, kids usually depend on The river :flows through the eastern better our lives where we are. This Con each other. But in track they have to learn section of the vast Columbia-Snake River gress has a choice-we must decide be to become more independent. If they're going Plateau which is an extensive basin tween sacrificing our remaining scenic to win they have to do it themselves."-Lois, several miles in thickness lying between preserves, or we may set these magnifi 14, Seattle the Idaho Batholith and the Cascade cent areas aside for the enjoyment of ". • • when I started out I never thought Range. The plateau formed as the re I'd be able to come to a real big meet like future generations. this. No matter whether you win or lose .•• sult of extensive lava :flows emitted from it's still a good experience."-Lauxie, 14, Chi fissures in the Earth's surface which cago. produced the characteristic basalt in the "Track kee-ps you in shape. Most of my area. Previous to the beginning of this EPA AUTHORITY IS BEING friends, they just come around and they sit volcanic activity, much of the Snake THREATENED around being lazy, but it really keeps me in River area was under a prehistoric sea, shape."-Ka.tie, 10, Los Angeles which antedated the formation of the "You get the idea of competition and com Blue Mountains and extended across HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. petition iS one thing that makes people well much of this part of the West. The Blue OF CALIFORNIA rounded. I think anybody who competes is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES really cool."-Linda, 13, Boston Mountains were formed as a part of a "If you want to run good, you have to train. gigantic uplift and then stood as a bar Monday, July 28, 1975 That means you must be able to put out rier to the volcanic flows. This resulted Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. work and a certain amount of time to train in a complex interbedding of igneous Speaker, it is difficult for Membe1·s of for your event."-Boyd, 13, Los Angeles and sedimentary layers which can be "Everybody on the field has a good chance seen today along the course of the Snake, Congress to keep fully informed on all of winning. If I weren't here I'd be out on and especially in Hells Canyon. legislative actions within each commit the streets somewhere probably running The continuing uplift of the Blue tee that will affect their constituents around the neighborhood."- Tony, 13, Balti and the entire Nation. Realizing this, I more Mountains posed as obstacle to the ad wish to summarize a serious movement "The competition was so friendly ... you vancement of the Snake River, but within the House Agriculture Committee saw kids throw their arms around each other. hastened the erosion of Hells Canyon. that is of interest to us all. Chicago around Pittsburgh, Philadelphia Some scientists hypothesize that at one Cun-ently, the Agl"iculture Committee around Seattle. And when you saw the tears time the river actually cut through is considering legislation to amend and of joy and heard the screams and hollers, it northeastern Oregon at a point west of gave you a kind of emotional reaction.": extend the Federal Insecticide, Fungi its present course; others hold that the cide, and Rodenticide Act, FIFRA, for Joseph Misuraca, Superintendent of Recrea Snake actually flowed south through Ne tion, San Francisco 2 years. Two of m~ colleagues on the vada and California. committee, Mr. PoAGE of Texas and Mr. Eventually, however, the river was im WAMPLER of Virginia, have seen fit to pounded by either uplifting of the Blues present an amendment to the FIFRA THE SNAKE RIVER or the sinking of the Snake River Basin bill that will effectively inhibit any fu until the lake spilled north over the lava. tw·e actions by EPA in the pursuit of flows at Oxbow into what was probably a regulating, restl'icting, or canceling pes HON. AL ULLMAN tributary of the Salmon River. The tre ticides where necessary. It does this in OF OREGON mendous amounts of water stored in this a simple way-by directing EPA to ob IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lake provided the requisite force to erode tain the concurrence of the Secretary of 6,000 feet of solid 1·ock-carving out Monday, July 28, 1975 Agriculture in any move to restrict, can Hells Canyon. cel, or regulate pesticides. Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Snake The canyon stands as a monument to I fully understand the feelings of my River is a peculiar geological feature the power of nature and the passage of distinguished colleagues who offer this that has defied nature and man at every time. Because of the steep gradient of amendment. Regretfully, I must take ex tum along its thousand-mile journey. the river and the solid nature of the can ception to the thrust of their proposal. It rises high in the Rockies at Shoshone yon walls, Hells Canyon also offers a It was the purpose of the Congress in Lake in Yellowstone Park, which is a desirable site for hydl·oelectric dams. establishing the Envh·onmental Protec breeding ground for great rivers. A rain Only a little more than 100 miles of free tion Agency to recognize that environ drop falling there may end up in the :flowing waters remain, but they are in mental hazards arise from activities Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico or the Gulf danger of being inundated by the back which cut across all jurisdiction lines, of Baja. Along with the Snake, three waters of more dams. The Snake River and their control would, therefore, be other rivers rise, including two forks of has been impounded by natural dams be most effectively achieved by making one the Missouri, the Yellowstone River, and fore, and as is the case with nature, new agency responsible for all aspects of en the Green River which is, in tum a balances were achieved following tre vironmental pollution. major tributary of the Colorado River. mendous changes. To approve the proposed amendment The Snake passes within the shadow of When the period of our most rapid opens the door to a similar move to al the Grand Tetons and Jackson Hole, technological development began, pri low a veto by the Department of Trans works its way through the southern por ority was give to the burgeoning of in portation, if DOT feels that auto emis tion of the Snake range before swoop dustries. Today, we see the many bene sion standards are too stringent, by ing across all of southern Idaho, then fits that our technology has produced, ERDA, if it feels that powerplant con plunges north into Hells Canyon, and we also see the scars left upon the land trols are too stlingent, by HEW, if it :finally empties into the Columbia River as monument to what we have done. In disagrees with EPA's health standards, in Washington. the past, we have not always given the et cetera. This would be a complete re Along this journey, the Snake :flows land and the environment the attention versal of the intent of Congress, would through several major mountain ranges, and respect that it deserves. Nature was seriously encroach upon, 1f not destroy, plains, basins, and canyons. It has al seen as an obstacle to be overcome. Now, the authority of EPA, and would bring ways attracted man's attention; 1t is a we have the time to re:flect upon where to a halt the progress made to date in true haven for wildlife as well. The Nez we have been and what we have done. cleaning up the Nation's air, water, and Perce called it Kimooenim, meaning Unlike former generations, this Congress land. stream or .. place of the hemp weed." is in a pOSition to make a rational deci The Wa.shington Post and the New capt. WWlam Clark named lt after his sion about the future of Hells Canyon. York Times recognized the gravity of fellow explorer Meriwether Lewis, but Our past has been characterized by the this situation by inserting editorials on it was usually referred to as •'Sho• desire to expand, to keep on building, to the subject. I would like to Include these shoneah" or Snake. Its banks have shel- keep on moving over the next mountain. editorials in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD July. 28,. 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25489 because they cover the effects of such the amendment. But these little plots are ( 1) the standard macroeconomic models an amendment in a concise, informed better nipped in the bud. run only 10 quarters (2-% years) into the future; manner. In addition, I would urge my (2) due to the small initial rate at which fellow Representatives to state their old oil will be decontrolled and the lags views on this matter to the House Agri THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC OIL built into the models for the pass-through culture Committee members as soon as of price increases, little of the resultant price possible. DECONTROL increases will be reflected within the dura· The editorials follow: tion of the forecasting period. [From t he Washington Post, July 28, 1975] HON. JOHN D. DINGELL It should be noted, however, that the ini tially small rate of decontrol has the ad EPA AND PESTICIDES DECISIONS OF MICHIGAN vantage of creating minimal disturbance of Rep. W. R. Poage (D-Tex.) is about to offer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economic recovery over the next two years an amendment to the Federal Insecticide Monday, July 28, 1975 and saves the heavier impact for a period in Fungicide and Rodenticide Act that would which the country will be better prepared to req~ire the concurrence of the Secretary of Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, last Fri assimilate accelerating energy price in Agriculture whenever the Environmental day, the Federal Energy Administrator creases. The decontrol schedule proposed in Protection Agency takes action against a this plan is, therefore, better tuned to the pesticide. Currently, EPA's jurisdiction cov submitted to you and to the Congress a new Presidential proposal for the decon economic cycle than was the previous linear ers more than 36,000 pesticides containing 25 month decontrol plan. some 1,200 active ingredients. Far from being trol of domestic oil prices. This new pro The cap price th~ ~ensitive overlord that Mr. Poage posal differs significantly from that claimS 1t to be, EPA has taken action against which was disapproved by the Congress The utilization of a steadily increasing only five active ingredients and has suc last week, and deserves, and will receive, cap price raises several issues. First is the ceeded in suspending only two: DDT and question of the validity of the reference aldrin-dieldrin. careful consideration by the Members of $11.50 level. In the absence of a real and ef The effect of the Poage amendment would this body. fective windfall profits tax, this could be be to give the Department of Agriculture an Several questions are posed by this pro judged excessively high. Second is the ques administrative stick that it could put into the posal; these have been developed in a tion of the $.05 per month rise to a total of spokes ~f EPA and thereby block any prog memorandum prepared for the Subcom $13.45, before the cap is removed entirely at ress agamst dangerous pesticides the agency mittee on Energy and Power. That sub the end of the 39 month period. Third is might wish to make. This would be needless committee is holding hearings on the the question of the removal of this cap at interference. EPA has proven itself fair subject this evening, and will explore the end of the 39 month period. Assuming minded in administering the act. Not only that the existing $2 tariff is still in effect, a has the agency avoided becoming ban-happy these issues in greater detail. In the world market price of landed international about pesticides, it has considered the avail meantime, however, I offer the memo oil of $17.50 does not seem unrealistic, given ability of substitutes for ingredients that randum for review by all Members. recent history. Because capped domestic oil might be suspended. It is a strained notion The text of the memorandum follows: would then be free to rise to the landed that EPA is threatening crop production. PRESIDENT'S PLAN FOR THE DECONTROL OF price of imports, the country could well be Even 1f a case against EPA could be made DOMESTIC OIL PRICES OVER A 39 MONTH faced with a sudden price rise of domestic there would be the record of the Department PERIOD oil in the neighborhood of 30% in early of Agriculture to consider. It was during the I. ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN-SUMMARY 1979. Should a cap price be established, its time when USDA was administering the law continuance beyond the 39 month period that so many hazards to human health and Period of decontrol of "old" oil seems worthy of consideration. to the environment were allowed on the mar This plan proposes that all "old" domes Stripper exemption ket with little serious questioning. Mr. tically-produced petroleum, with the excep Poage's efforts to get the department back tion of "stripper oil," should be released from The exemption of stripper wells from any into the pesticide decisions now being made its currently controlled price of $5.25 per bar future price controls appears difficult to by EPA deserves to be promptly turned down. rel at an accelerating rate over a 39 month justify in light of the fact that "new" oil, period starting on September 1, 1975. For which accounts for only slightly more (14% [From the New York Times, July 28, 1975] the first year the monthly release rate is to be vs. 12 % ) of domestic production, is to be A Bun FOR NIPPING 1.5% per month, over the second year 2.5 % put under a cap price. The fact that it is the only category of domestic production to Representative Poage of Texas has served per month and at 3.5% per month for the remaining period. The presumed base vol be freed to the landed international pmce notice on the House Agriculture Commit may induce domestic producers of "old" to tee, of which he is chairman, that he intends umes against which these release percentages are to be applied is the current field pro shift their properties over to secondary pro to attach to the extension of the Pesticide duction before it is technically justified. This Control Act an amendment that would duction of this category of petroleum. In paralyze that essential law. The provision reference to "stripper" or secondary produc may well amplify the short-term demand would require concurrence of the Secretary tion, this category is to be exempted from for secondary production materials and of Agriculture before the Environmental Pro any price controls and permitted to find its equipment beyond what is justified. This tection Agency could cancel registration of a own market level-presumably the cost of could be expected to stimulate shortages, pesticide, reclassify it or, in fact, promulgate landed petroleum international oil. demand inflation and Windfall profi"W for these suppliers. any regulation affecting its use. The cap price Withholders of production This unprecedented attempt to move in on For the duration of this program-39 the E.P .A.'s jurisdiction must be viewed in There is a suspicion that certain domestic light of the Agriculture Department's history months--there will be established a price limit on all but "stripper oil" production oil producers have been withholding pro with regard to pesticides. Congress took con duction of "old" oil in anticipation of high trol over these potentially dangerous chemi which currently accounw for about 12% of domestic production. This "cap" is to be ini er future prices. Should this be the case, cals from the department largely because it the President's plan could penalize those had so consistently failed to exercise its full tially set at $11.50 per barrel on September 1, 1975 and is to increase at a rate of $.05 per producers who have up to now complied responsibility, giving priority to the profit with the Nation's needs and attempted to and convenience of big farmers over the safe month over the duration of the 39 month control period. maximize their production of "old" oll and ty of the public. would benefit those who have withheld pro In the 28 years during which pesticides It should be noted that at the end of the 39 month period all controls are to be lifted, duction. The "released barrel" program were under the Department of Agriculture's served as incentive to domestic producers to control, it failed to take a single one off the permitting at that time all domestic oil to rise to the landed costs of international oil. maximize their production from "old" market as a health hazard, though it did in fields. With the possible loss of this incen a few instances modify their use. When the Just what the international price will be at that time is, of course, speculative, but it tive those who complied with this incentive dangers of DDT, aldrin and dieldrin were program will find all their production to be established it fought for their continued dis would be prudent to assume that it will be tribution-domestically as well as abroad well above the current landed price. sold at the $5.25 price level with the per and finally joined the lawsuit to prevent the cent decontrol factored in. Those who have Treatment of "released/' oil been withholding production will most E.P.A. from taking them out of the market The category of "released" oil may be elim place. certainly continue to do so as the proposed inated. If so, this oil would, for the purposes incremental price jump from $5.25 to $13.45 The attempt of Mr. Poage to slip in the of this program, be treated like any "old" amendment in question is a sly way to undo in a 39 month period provides an increase the hard work and advances of a decade. If oil. 1n revenues of over 250 % . Because a 250 % I:I. ANALYSIS AND CONSIDERATIONS surreptitious action allows the extension increase in revenues over a. 39 month period measure to emerge from the farm-oriented The macroeconomic impact is well above producers' general opportunity committee with this far-reaching change The full macroeconomic impact of this cost of capital, the continued withholding of included, we would hope that enough re proposed program is difficult to assess. This production would be well worthwhile. sistance on the floor will materialize to kill difficulty results from the following: Should all controls be lifted at the end o! 25490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 the 39 month period, as proposed, and if the stood. This is reflected in the schedule of THE GREAT GASOLINE CONSPIRACY international price at that time is $17.50, automobile mileage improvements called for the motivation for continued withholding in Title V, Part A of H.R. 7014. would be even greater. In summary, there is no doubt that price HON. LARRY McDONALD increases in petroleum-related products will Coal amd natural gas prices OF GEORGIA Prices of other energy sources, most nota induce some level of increased conservation; bly coal and natural gas, will increase by as the question lies in how much more can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES much as 20 % at the end of the 39 month effected in this proposed manner than by a Monday, July 28, 1975 program over what they would be under a slower but deliberate and well publicized continuation of current controls. This figure rate of increases and how much hardship Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. is derived by recognizing that the entitle could be avoided by adopting t he latter Speaker, who is to blame for gasoline ments program causes the marginal (or option. shortages? The Government, with its highest) oil prices (imports) to refiners to Vulnerability glut of regulations and restrictions on be equalized by acquisition rights to cheaper For those major oil companies who have energy exploration, development and (old) oil. The current refinery cost is equal substantial current investments in overseas production? Or the "big'' oil companies, to the composite crude price of around production, there is a good economic case to who would have nothing to gain and $10.25. Under the President's 39 month pro be made that they will tend to increase im everything to lose? gram, the dimensions of the entitlements ports from international sources in prefer program would be lessened, and the average ence to the immediate development of do To evade the former question and to price to refiners would rise to $14.35-a mestic resources. Their rationale being to re cover-up the Government's involvement, 40.1 % increase. cover as much of their overseas investment it has become fashionable to blame the Coal and natural gas prices will tend to as soon as possible under the future threat oil companies by charging them with mirror this percentage price increase as en of a complete lock out. By preserving a sub conspiracy. Every new movement in en ergy consumers begin to shift away from stantial price gap between domestic and im ergy supplies or prices is seized upon as more expensive oil. Even accounting for ex ported oil during its first two years, the evidence that "proves" the conspiracy. isting regulations on interstate gas sales President's program (and the continued en The latest example came in response and long-term contracts (many of which titlements program it necessitates) provide would expire within the 39 month period), no new disincentives to importing. to recent price boosts, a sudden drop in the effect is still to raise prices substantially. In light of this, over the short to inter gasoline stocks, and the discovery that Based on historical price patterns, our esti· mediate term, the President's decontrol pro crude oil was not being imported in mate is that wholesale prices for coal and gram as proposed without import constraints enough quantity to keep refineries oper natural gas will rise by 15 % to 25 % in the may well increase this country's vulnerability ating at 90 percent capacity. face of a 40% crude price increase. Since to severe economic disruption by OPEC price Proof of a conspiracy? Possibly-but one-fourth of our Nation's energy bill comes rises. It should be further understood that not by the oil companies! from coal and natural gas, we can expect the such a tile ln preference by the major oil In an editorial on July 15, 1975, the Nation's fuel bill to increase from 4 % to companies from domestic production to 6 % due to coal and natural gas prices along. international production wlll unfavorably Wall Street Journal demonstrates that in influence our future balance of trade. each case-the price boosw, the drop in Increases in domesti c production gasoline stocks, and the relatively lower As an incentive to short-term increases in imports of crude oil-the cause was the domestic production, the plan as proposed rules and regulations of the Federal En can reasonably be expected to counteract this purpose. That is, it provides an economic TRIDUTE TO FORMER AMBASSADOR ergy Administration. rationale for continued, if not increased, EGIDIO ORTONA OF ITALY Since we are presently considering withholding up to the end of the 39 month H.R. 1074, the Energy Conservation and period. Within the intermediate term (say Oil Policy Act, alias the Great Federal 3 to 8 years), there is the possibility of an HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR Oil Price Fix, I am calling the edito1ial increase in domestic exploratory activity OF MINNESOTA to the attention of my colleagues. Those with a consequent increase in production. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who are truly concerned with gasoline The basic question is, however, why do the Monday, July 28, 1975 shortages will oppose H.R. 7014 and the producers require a heavy flow of inter avalanche of new Federal regulations nally generated capital starting now? From Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, I am a national standpoint, it can reasonably be and price-fixing that it will unleash. As argued that if the prospects are bright in delighted to join with my colleagues in an alternative, I propose abolishing FEA terms of higher prices on the 5 year horizon, paying tribute to Egidio Ortona, who and thus unleashing the energy pro the potential explorers and producers should served his country for so many years, ducers. test their plans in the neutral capital and especially, as his country's Ambas The editorial follows at this point; markets of the country against other organi sador to the United States, advanced the THE GREAT GASOLINE CONSPIRACY zations seeking new capital. There seems to cause of Italian-American friendship. The sudden sharp rise in the demand for be little rationale for giving this single seg Signor Ortona personifies the :finest gasoline, plus the decline in gasoline stocks, ment of the economy preferential treatment traditions of diplomacy, representing his over and above other enterprises by giving plus the almost simultaneous announcement t hem a scab price dictated by a foreign country with fidelity, grace and honesty, of gasoline price boosts by most refiners on cartel. while at the same time helping Ameri July 1-all this adds up, in the minds of Conservation cans to understand and put into proper some Washington politicos, to a great gaso perspective the finest qualities of his line conspiracy. Senator Henry Jackson, who It is clearly true that significantly higher wants to be President, and Senator Adlai oil prices will induce a reduction of demand homeland and its people, who, as im Stevenson, who wants to be President, have within some time framework. The real ques migrants to the New World, have con announced Senate subcommittee investiga tion lies with the amount of conservation tributed so much to the greatness of tions to find out what's going on. that is realistically possible within the time America and have so deeply enriched our Before they've heard the first witness, period under consideration. In the purchas cultural legacy. though, both gentlemen have announced ing decisions made by corporations and indi His personal efforts, beyond routine their findings. Senator Jackson says, "Clearly viduals the current price of petroleum may official representation, have brought our the oil companies have manufactured a well be less important that where those two countries closer together in terms of shortage." Senator Stevenson says this is "a prices are likely to be in the futu1·e. The classic study in the power of the major oil American auto consumer has caused a shift friendship and good diplomatic relations, companies to reverse the normal rules of sup in auto sales toward more efficient equip supporting and sustaining at the inter ply and demand." The prejudgments are a ment. governmental level the deep cultural and pity, for if the Senators could blot them out Future conservation decisions will be made family ties which have bound ow· coun of their minds, their hearings would surely in the understanding that fuel prices are tries since our earliest days, and our prove illuminating and educational. headed inexorably upward. There is a real separate continents since Columbus dis Take the first question: Why were the price question whether a precipitous price increase, covered the New World. boosts simultaneous? Because under FEA reg with all its induced hardship and inequities, With my colleagues in the House, with ulations companies can increase prices to will be any more effective in the reduction pass through costs, but "non-product" costs of energy demand than could be accom his many friends in all parts of this coun may be recovered only in the month follow plished by the full and open knowledge that try, I join in wishing Ambassador Ortona ing the one in which they are incurred. Un prices are going to increase at a deliberate, many years of happiness, good health, like the cost of crude oil, they cannot be but less shocking rate. That society cannot and hopefully the fulfillment of his per banked for recovery in future months when suddenly turn around in its per capita en sonal dreams, which he so richly de market conditions may be more favorable. In ergy consumption overnight, is wen under- serves. fact recently the companies have been having Jttly 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25491' trouble making price increases stick, so i! petition and will compete in the National ing toward restoration of conditions on they are to have any chance to recover non Baton Twirling Association champion Cyprus that would be acceptable to both product costs they have to start a.s soon as ships that are being held in South Bend, and to Greece also. On two occasions I possible. They need no collusion to arrive at tried to press this approach on Secretary the :first of the month as the date to post Ind., this week. increases. In short, the answer to question For these girls and Pat Jorgensen Ir of State Kissinger, but in each instance one is: The FEA. vine, their instructor, this means win the idea was turned aside as of no help. On to question two: Why have gasoline ning the Illinois State title 3 years in a The arguments for resuming arms stocks dropped so suddenly? Well, the FEA row. I can think of no more appropriate shipments to Turkey are well known. The has an obscure rule that requires an oil com time than National Baton Twirling United States might lose its air bases and pany to charge everyone in a "class" of cus Week to recognize the achievements of observation posts. Turkey might be lost tomers the same price regardless of geograph this fine group and I would like to ex as an effective, reliable member of NATO, ical location. Before formation of the FEA, a tend my personal congratulations and or worse, might move into the Soviet company short on gasoline in California. would call other companies and try to buy best wishes along with those of their orbit. The precarious balance in the some, or perhaps swap some for fuel oil. For other friends and supporters for con Middle East might be upset. Lifting the the right price, a. company long in gasoline tinued success. ban and thereby satisfying Turkish pride would sell some to the company that was would have been the surest way of get short. ting on with meaningful negotiation to This no longer happens, because if the remove the Cyprus impasse. The Greek second company sold California gasoline at AUTHORIZING FURTHER SUSPEN Government, it was said, really wanted a premium price, it would have to raise its SION OF PROHIBITIONS AGAINST nothing so much as to put the Cyprus price to similar customers nation-wide. This MTI..ITARY ASSISTANCE TO TUR would mean a loss of market share in other difficulty behind it. areas, and the premium sale is not worth KEY But despite these practical arguments while. So the telephone calls have stopped. for bending to the Turkish position, I It was in these calls, when someone started HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER came to the conclusion that the integrity to :find that no one else was long on gaso of our military aid agreement with Tur line, that oil men got the :first warning of OF VmGINIA key, as well as other countries, required an impending shortage. Without the calls, a. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the ban be continued until the shortage can come as a surprise. So to ques Monday, July 28, 1975 tion two, the answer is: the FEA. Turkish Government, by its actions, On to question three: Why aren't the na Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the House demonstrates that it is willing to work tion's refiners, who are operating at less than voted last week against authorizing the out a peaceful settlement on Cyprus in 90% of capacity, importing more crude oil further suspension of prohibitions cooperation with the Greek Government to make more gasoline? Well, imported crude against military assistance to Turkey and that of Cyprus itself. In addition, a costs $13, and the FEA will not allow refiners S. 846. Because of the importance of this decent respect for the ethical as well as to pass along this cost until the next month. action to our country, to Turkey and legal aspect required adherence to the If the refiner is making gasoline from a mix of $5.25 price-controlled oil and $13 import Greece, and to the world, I would like to terms of American laws and interna ed oil, more -imported-oil will push up unit share the reasons why I voted against tional treaties and maintenance of the costs without any immediate increase in the lifting the Turkish arms ban. ban a while longer. A4; times in the past, selling price. Perhaps it would be able to My primary concern was whether an American foreign policy has been rightly "recover" these costs by higher prices later, affirmative vote on this bill would in some criticized for being overly moralistic but then again maybe not. So the answer to significant way condone the use by Tur amidst the give-and-take of practical in question three is: The FEA. key of American military equipment for ternational politics and on this account Now, to give credit where it's due, the FEA runs around frantically writing new regu aggressive purposes on Cyprus in con insufficiently based on national self lations trying to undo the damage its past tradiction of legislation relating to both interest. But in this case, the moral supe regulations have done. Last week, for exam foreign aid and foreign military sales. riority of maintaining the ban is ple, FEA head Frank Zarb was talking about Would the United States continue to straightforward and, I believe, will be allowing geographical differentials. But by stand firm against such violations of for perceived as such by most governments now, we should be learning that the next reg eign assistance commitments? and people. I cannot help but think the ulation will only do something else, that the The whole issue, it seemed to me, boiled practical results will turn out to be better oil industry cannot be run from Washington without benefit of price signals. That the way down in this way. Internal political com also. to have the oil industry produce gasoline plications in both Turkey and Greece are I trust Turkey, after a short period of most efficiently, which is to say at the lowest exceedingly complex and, in my opinion, disappointment and recrimination, will price, is for the government to get out of its should not have greatly influenced the resume a more friendly approach to the way. decision as to how to vote. The implica United States and Greece, and will join Senators Jackson and Stevenson will :find, tions of the decision on the future rela in reasonable and necessary steps toward if they conduct fair and honest hearings, that tions among the countries involved are a solution on Cyprus. the spot gasoline shortages the nation now im faces result not from conspiracy, but from equally hard to trace out. But the the very controls they and their congressional propriety, the illegality, and the un colleagues created. Once they make this dis ethical natural of lifting the ban on arms covery, there no doubt will be public apolo shipments to Turkey stood out clearly. KEOGH COMMENTS TO ACCESS gies all around to the oil companies and no They overrode the myriad of tactical ON NEW SELF-EMPLOYED RE further attempt to extend controls past the considerations and possibilities. It was TIREMENT PROVISIONS August expiration date. The great gasoline necessary to cut through all the confu conspiracy was unwittingly concocted on sions and elaborate analyses that swirled HON. TOM STEED capitol Hill. around the issue and to act decisively to maintain the ban in accord with what is OF OKLAHOMA honorable and right. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It would have been better, of course, if Monday, July 28, 1975 THE APPLE CORE Turkey had agreed to move toward nego Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, it has been tiation and settlement of the Cyprus 13 years since the enactment of the Self HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO dispute, or at least had given a clear Employed Individuals Tax Retirement OF ILLINOIS sign of significant movement in that di Act of 1962, of which our former col IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rection, prior to our removing the ban on league, Congressman Eugene Keogh of arms shipment. But the Turkish Govern Monday, July 28, 1975 New York, was the chief sponsor. ment did not do so, for whatever reasons. This measure for the first time per Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, recently 36 It would have been better still, even as mitted self-employed persons to set up young ladies known as the "Apple Core, late as last week, if the Governments of retirement funds for themselves and were the Junior Division champions of Turkey and the United States had simul their employees, and defer taxation on the Dlinois state Baton Twirling Com- taneously announced that each was mov- amounts contributed, up to a certain 25492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 ceiling, until the benefits were drawn. that same butcher makihg $10,000 "in his store houses publish materials on plans, all of Other segments of society already had could contribute up to $1,000 to his retire which are approved by the Internal Revenue access to such programs. ment and take a deferment of the entire Service. · In 1974, for the second time, major amount. AccEss. What do you consider the most ACCESS. Is $2,500 still the limit? important feature of a .self-employed retire amendments broadening the program KEOGH. No, the 1974 amendments further ment plan? were adopted. liberalized the law and that same small KEoGH. The steady, constant growth of the Access, the publication of the Office of businessman can now contribute to his re fund, which if invested in a relatively secure Minority Business Enterprise of the De tirement up to 15 percent or $7,500 a year medium is certain to be there at retirement partment of Commerce, has interviewed whichever is less. Going back to the lllus age. Mr. Keogh on the effect of the latest re tration I used, the butcher earning $10,000 AccEss. Must employees be included under visions. In the article that follows, he a year can now contribute to his retirement the self-employed retirement plan? gives a succinct summary of the new de plan $1,500 or 15 percent of $10,000. KEoGH. In order to adopt a plan for him AccESs. In a partnership, may each partner self, the business person must include his velopments and the history of the deduct up to $7,500? eligible employees who have been with him program: KEoGH. If they are equal partners in the for three years or more. From 1942 the self NEW LAW CAN MEAN TAX SAVINGS FOR business they would each be permitted to employed employer had the right to set up BUSINESS OWNERS provide in their plans for the contribution of plans for his employees, but few of them did . (By former Congressman Eugene J. Keogh) 15 percent of each one's share of the profits because they could not includes themselves . or $7,500 a year each. · The Self-Employed Individuals Tax Retire Therefore, when the right was extended to AccEss. What about a business where two them, it was argued (with justification) that ment Act of 1962 for the first time allowed partners each earn $50,000? the self-employed to establish a retirement they should not be given the right to do it for KEoGH. Each one could contribute to his themselves without requiring that they exer fund for themselves with tax-free dollars. or her retirement system $7,500 a year. Also, Known as the Keogh Plan for its sponsor, cise their long-held previous right to do it the valuable aspect of the original act which for their employees. We agreed on the three retired New York Congressman Eugene J. has been retained with the subsequent Keogh, the 1962 law offered self-employed year period because it is in the first three amendments is that the contributions made years of one's engaging in a profession or individuals including professional people, to one's retirement plan grow tax free so merchants and business owners tax incen buslness that he usually decides whether he there's a cumulative increase of the fund. is going to continue that form or become a tives to establish pension plans for them ACCESS. On retirement, would the business selves and for their employees. Last year, the corporate employee. person have to take the fund as a 1ump sum? AccEss. Having been its initial proponent, Congress passed the Employee Retirement KEoGH. He has an alternative. He can take Income Security Act of 1974, better known as how do you view the success of this law? it as a lump sum or he can spread it over KEOGH. In the light of the liberalization of the Pension Reform Act, to permit a three his then life expectancy to provide for the fold increase in the amount of income the the original act that took place in the amend return to him during his lifetime of the en ments of 1966 and 1974, the basic rights con self-employed may put aside for their retire tire fund. When he draws it down, if he takes ment. Business owners who operate their ferred by the legislation to the unincor it down annually, he must then include that porated business people of the country are firms either as sole proprietorships or in amount in his tax return, but it is reasonable partnership with others are . eligible under sufficient to attract each one to do something to expect that at that point in his life he will for his retirement. Keogh. Since most minority-owned firms fall be in a lower income tax bracket. The im into these categories, Access talked with for portant advantage of creating such a fund mer Congressman Keogh in an interview at is that if the self-employed business person OMBE headquarters to learn what the Pen becomes disabled, the fund will be available ARMS TO TURKEY sion Reform Act of 1974 can mean to these to his or her family. minority business owners. AccEss. How is he taxed if he takes the AcCESs. What is the Keogh Law? fund in a lump sum? HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD 'KEOGH. It provides the right to all pro KEoGH. The '74 amendments provide that OF MICHIGAN fessional and unincorporated business peo the contributions made to the fund prior ple to put aside part of their income into to 1974 would, 1f taken in a lump sum, be ac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax-sheltered retirement plans for them corded capital gains treatment which of Monday, July 28, 1975 selves, and under certain conditions, for course is a lower rate of tax. The contribu their employees. tions made in subsequent years would be Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I wish AccESs. How does the Keogh Law work? taxed as ordinary income if taken in a lump to express my very strong feelings of KEoGH. There are specific provisions in sum, but extended to that lump sum pay concern and dismay over the policies of the individual's income tax return where he ment is a liberalized form of income averag the administration on the sale of arms can show the amount he has contributed to ing which enables him to spread the amount to foreign countries. his retirement plan and deduct it from his that is ordinary income over a 10-year aver other income. aging period. First was the unconscionable attempt ACCESS. Up to hOW much? AccEss. Should a self-employed individ to renew arms aid to Turkey, despite the KEOGH. Originally the act provided the ual seek professional advice in establishing fact that Turkey had used American self-employed could contribute 10 percent of a plan? arms in its invasion of Cyprus in clear his self-employed income or $2,500 a year, KEoGH. Not necessarily. It is relatively sim contravention of congressional man whichever was less, and defer payment of ply to start a plan and you have a wide choice dates. taxes on 50 percent of this amount. In 1966 of alternatives. Fortunately, the House voted to con the act was amended to provide that the self AccEss. Could you list some of those alter tinue the embargo on weapons to Turkey employed could contribute up to $2,500 of native kinds of investment? income and defer the entire amount of the KEoGH. There is a special issue of Govern even in the face of strong pressure from contribution. ment bonds issued solely for retirement pur the White House. That pressure took the AccESs. What other changes did the 1966 poses. Or you may invest your contributions form of threats to the security of the amendments make? in an insurance policy and couple it with United States-threats that were remi KEoGH. A very important feature of the some life insurance which of course enhances niscent of the arguments used to promul '66 amendments and one which is particu the estate in the event of premature death. gate the disastrous war in Vietnam. Cer larly applicable to the small, unincorporated The plan may also provide for the invest tainly I consider our Nation's security to businessman and woman, was the elimina ment of the contributions in equity securi be important-but not more so than its tion from the original act of the rule which ties, like mutual funds or common stock or bonds. honor. limited computation of the value of the own "If er's personal services to 30 percent of his ACCESS. What about savings & loan asso Even worse was the argument that, earnings from the business. This would ap ciation and banks? we don't sell them arms, somebody else ply for example to pharmacists, butchers, KEoGH. Most savings and loan associations will." That has been the rallying cry of and most savings banks have been given the the munitions manufacturers since 1918; grocers, etc. authority to act as trustees in self-employed AccEss. What is the effect of this ruling? and it would have us sacrifice principle retirement plans. They have what is known as for expediency. KEOGH. The effect is exemplified by the a master prototype plan and those plans u se of a simple illustration: if a butcher have been approved by the Internal Revenue By rejecting those arguments, the made $10,000 a year in his business, he could Service and the formality of an individual's House has served .notice that Congress under the original act compute his personal enrolling in such a master plan is reduced to will continue to play an important role services at $3,000 or 30 percent of the $10,000 the simplest. in the formulation of American foreign and could contribute up to 10 percent of · AccEss. If an individual wants more in policy. Eve~ ~ore important, the vote that or $300 and get a deferment of only half formation, where can he write? signifies a victory for principle over of it or $150. With the 1966 amendments, KEOGH. Banks, mutual funds and brokerage pragmatism_. July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25493 of payments without regard for the mor icans are out of work, an estimated 9.2 per ~ you know, ~key has now an cent of the U.S. labor force, and the num nounced a takeover of all U.S. bases in . al issues involved. bers are increasing daily as more and more that country. I strongly agree with ma persons are dropped from an already crippled jority leader O'NEILL's description of this job market. And, these statistics do not in· action as "blackmail". If we give in to elude those who have exhausted their unem that blackmail, then we will abandon A NEWSLETTER TO ployment benefits, seek part-time jobs, or the right of Congress to place t·estrictions CONSTITUENTS who have just given up hope of ever finding work. on arms sales to other nations. For example, the unemployment estimates The next example of this disturbing HON. LESTER L. WOLFF for the 20 to 24 year old veterans of the trend is the administration's proposed Vietnam \Var era alone surpass the 23 per sale of missiles to Jordan. The adminis OF NEW YORK cent mark-a disgraceful commentary on tration misled the House about the size IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES how this nation has failed to live up to its and scope of the sale, which would have Monday, July 28, 1975 responsibility to those who served their altered the balance of power in the country. Middle-East to the detriment of our Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, periodically, The Pt·esident's veto of the House-enacted I distribute a newsletter to my constitu $5.3 billion Emergency Employment Appro long-time ally, Israel. priations Act, that was geared to provide In earlier remarks to the House, I ents in a continuing effort to keep them informed of my activities as their Repre 900,000 new jobs, is a serious blow to efforts pointed out that it is the considered opin aimed at revitalizing the economy. While ion of military and political observers sentative in Washington. And I often use this job legislation, which I strongly sup that these weapons will give Jordan the the newsletter as a vehicle to obtain their ported, was not intended to be a cure-all strength it needs to open a third front views on major issues, thus allowing me it was desperately needed to turn back th~ against Israel in any new Mideast war. to function more effectively on their be tide of rising unemployment. At the vent Far from being merely a defensive weap half on Capitol Hill. I would like to share least, it would have provided the jobless with with my colleagues my latest newsletter: the means to pay for the bare essentials of on, the Hawk and Redeye missiles would NEWSLETTER TO CONSTITUENTS food, clothing and shelter and would have provide cover for an offensive ground given an alternative to many families now strike. Thus, Mr. Speaker, the United Dear Friend and Constituent, Our nation is beset with economic prob compelled to resort to welfat·e. States could be in a position of supply lems that Will not be resolved until we come Additionally, this legislation would have ing one of the key ingredients which to grips with the fundamental underlying stimulated the depressed consti-uction trades would precipiate a renewal of the war in industry that today is virtually dormant reasons for the condition. Far too often we because prospective buyers have either been that part of the world. forget that, in today's interdependent world, priced out of the market, exhausted their To justify this sale, as the administra our domestic problems stem from a seemingly savings to meet everyday living costs, or tion has attempted to do, by saying that unrelated action overseas. are unable to obtain needed mortgage money it would strengthen King Hussein in Thus, you see why the new responsibility I without a paycheck. The $2,000 tax credit in._ ternally and reinforce Jordan's "modet· have assumed as Chairman of the "watch· corporated by Congress in its recently en ate" policies, is the utmost folly. King dog" Future Foreign Policy Committee of the acted Tax Reduction Act, as was intended. House of Representatives is so vital. I have does provide new incentive for home buying Hussein has said that one reason why he the obligation to keep watch on the home did not open a third front against Israel but it Is worthless unless the ptu•chaser ha~ front-your taxes, unemployment, transit, an income. in 1973 was that he lacked an adequate health, senior citizens, veterans affairs, en· Until America's jobless are provided with air defense system. This sale would give vironment and other serious matters. work and new opportunity to increase pro him just such a system. I firmly believe we must clamp down on the ductivity, we are condemned to flounder The International Relations Commit excesses of those beyond our shores who in· under the economic woes that engulf our tee has reported out House Concurrent fiuence our affairs here at home. That is why nation. As your Representative, I assure Resolution 337 disapproving the sale. the hearings I am now starting will have such you I will continue to pursue every avenue a great effect on local conditions. I intend to available to me to focus proper attention on Hopefully, it will come to a vote and be use these hearings as a fulcrum to turn passed this week. Once again, I urge the jobless situation as it affects Nassau around the problems we face. ~nd Queens and to rally support for mean Members to support this vital resolu Sincerely, mgful legislation that will put our countrv tion. LESTER L. WOLFF. back in business. · I am not arguing that this Nation should cease the manufacture and sale UNEMPLOYMENT IS A TOP WOLFF PRIORITY SUMMER JOBS of arms. Nor am I suggesting that any Unless the root causes of this nation's Information concerning the new federally sale to Turkey or to an Arab nation is deteriorating economy-inflation and reces· funded summer job program for unemploved wrong per se. sion-are corrected, the rapidly declln1ng youths between the ages of 14 and 21, from I am saying that we must not sell arms level of employment Will not be stabilized, economically disadvantaged families, may be for each time the unemployment rate rises obtained by calllng the following locations: to a nation which has used arms from by one percent, another $17 billion is added prior sales in a proscribed manner. In Nassau, The Neighborhood Youth Corps. to the federal debt through loss of tax rev (516) 292-8600; In Queens, The Neighbor I am saying that we must not sell arms enues and additional outlay for welfare. hood Manpower Center, (212) 433-4723. to nations in such a way that a delicate We must, as I have stressed before, take balance of power will be destroyed. constructive steps to contain this composite And I am saying that we must not sell problem if we are to successfully achieve economic recovery in the foreseeable future. even small quantities of arms in such a GRAIN SCANDAL SHOWS NEED FOR way that they might fall into the hands Prices here started to rise when we de· valued the dollar abroad. Food prices sky LEGISLATION-I of radicals bent upon the destruction of rocketed when we made those feed grain our allies. deals with Russia. More than 70 percent of HON. NEAL SMITH The last objection is typified by a sale all U.S. crime is drug related and spawned of $163,000 wot·th of revolvers to a Leb in the opium fields of Turkey and the Golden oF IOWA Triangle. The increases in the cost of gaso- anese dealer last May when Lebanon was line for your car and oil for your home IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the brink of civil war. The sale was approved by the State originate in some mid-east sheikdom. The Mondq.y, July 28, 1975 U.S. debt increases at the same time the debt Depat·tment under a cloak of secrecy owed the u.s. by foreign nations increases. . Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, on even though it was quite possible that w~ must reduce the federal deficit and the July 21, in New Orleans, a Federal Grand the guns could be purchased by Pales burgeoning federal debt-that is stifling the Jury indicted the Bunge Corp., a large tinian guerillas on the open market. gross national product-by t·eot·dering the grain exporting firm, and 13 current and I believe that .these examples of ir spending priorities of your tax dollars. We former officials of the firm on criminal l'esponsible arms sales by the adminis must have meaningful tax reforms that will charges. This is only the latest develop ease the financial tax drain on America's tration make it vital that Congress ex families and small businessmen and we must ment in what has become a massive ercise its responsibility to scrutinize such reexamine and revise our foreign aid pro· scandal. dealings in the most careful manner. grams t-o end "giveaways" and mandate I have introduced a bill, H.R. 8764 This Nation must not be in the posi greater burden sharing of mutual defense containing new provisions needed to pre~ tion of making arms sales merely for costs by our ames. vent future grain scandals of this sort. profit o1· for their effect on our balance Meanwhile, more than eight million Ame1·- The text of the bill fs printed in the 25494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of July 18, start dieted and says stePf$ have been taken to im rejected the Lotus Flower because of rust ing at page 23553. prove supervision over the remaining inspec scaling and residue from earlier cargoes. I am at this time placing in the tors. Fleetwood then okayed the ship, Hardee REcoRD an excellent article by James NEED FOR INTEGRITY said. Risser, a Washington correspondent for But several officials said in interviews that Fleetwood was convicted on three of four they question whether future abuses can be counts, was fined $600 and was placed on five the Des Moines, Iowa, Register, which prevented unless the inspection system Is years probation. first called attention to the grain scandal. overhauled completely. They stressed the need The inspectors who have pleaded guilty The article follows: for maintaining the integrity of grain grad are Baker, who received the payment on the [From the Des Moines (Iowa) Sunday ing and ship inspection, if the U.S. is to con Achilles, and inspectors Vincent Marconi, Register, May 4, 1975] tinue to develop its agricultural export trade. Raymond S. Schultz, William E. Fredrick GRAIN SHIPs: DIRT, BnmES The indictments issued last August by a and Barry Barrios. federal grand jury in New Orleans came out Marconi and Schultz, both of whom were (By James Risser) of an investigation directed by U.S. Atty. employed by the New Orleans Board of NEW ORLEANS, LA.-Federal agents here and Gerald J. Gallinghouse and the chief of his Trade, were accused of taking bribes ranging in other port cities have uncovered what criminal division, Assistant U.S. Atty. Cor from $150 to $3,500 each for issuing certifi appears to be Widespread corruption in the nelius R. Heusel. cates of cleanliness to various ship owners. grading and shipping of U.S. export grains. Seven inspectors were indicted for accept In addition, the two were charged with Seven federally licensed grain inspectors ing bribes, a ship-cleaning firm and its presi having a continuing arrangement With Peter in New O!'leans and another five in Houston, dent were accused of paying bribes and a son Maritime services, Inc., a ship-cleaning Tex., already have been indicted on charges federally licensed grain sampler was charged firm, under which the two inspectors re of accepting bribes in exchange for certify with perjury. ceived from the firm $100 a month each for ing that ships were clean and acceptable for Most pleaded guilty and received light fines more than four years. loading With grain. and were placed on probation, after promis The firm and its president Dean Leslie Five of the New Orleans inspectors have ing to co-operate with the prosecutors in Peterson, were indicted and pleaded guilty pleaded guilty, and one was convicted after a pursuing the investigation. One case is still of bribery and improperly influencing in jury trial. Additional indictments are con to be tried, and one inspector who was con spection personnel. Peterson was fined $1,000 sidered likely, and the inquiry has spread to victed by a Jury has appealed. and put on two-years probation, and has other Texas ports. With the exception of the one ship-clean since died. The firm was fined $9,000. The federal probe now is entering a new ing firm, none of the ship company repre ANOTHER TRIAL phase, aimed at checking into the possible sentatives accused of paying the bribes has misgrading of grain and the involvement, 1f been charged yet. Another inspector, James Timonet, Is to be tried next month. any, of shipping and grain company oftic1als ONE TRIAL in the bribery schemes, The RegiSter has Also, Lawrence J. Berthelot, a federally learned. Most of the limited information now avail licensed grain sampler, was charged with put The Register's own investigation indicates able ln public records about the investigation ting an incorrectly high grade on a load of that the government's system of grading ex is contained in the transcript of the trial of corn in 1973. He pleaded guilty and was put port grain and Ispecting ships is full of con Willlam E. Fleetwood m, who was convicted on one-year probation. fitcts of interest and the potential for a in U.S. District Court in December on three In the investigation at Houston, being di variety of abuses. counts of bribery. He has filed an appeal. rected by U.S. Atty. Edward B. McDonough, As a result, foreign purchasers and coun The Witnesses described a pattern of brib jr., five inspectors were indicted Mar. 25 on tries that get humanitarian food aid from the ery payments, which allegedly were author 18 counts of taking payments !rom Captain United States may have received substandard ized by high officials of ship companies who Victor G. Diaz of Maritime Overseas Corp. to grain and grain that was contaminated by were anxious that their ships be certified certify a number of ships owned by that firm. being transported in dirty or Jnsect-infested as clean to receive grain. The defendants, accused of taking between ships. The .. going rate" at one time was $250 to $50 and $500 per ship between 1970 and 1974, $500 per ship.. the jury was told by Robert E. PRIVATELY EMPLOYED are Arthur J. Taute, Bill Gene Marcy, Billy Wilde, an operations clerk for the shipping Ray Davenport, Jerry R. Parker, and Billy J. Although the indicted inspectors were li firm of Hansen & Tidemann, Inc. Westbrook. censed by the U.S. Agriculture Department, PAYMENTS RISE All were employed by the Houston Mer they actually were employed by private in chants Exchange. spection agencies such as the New Orleans But the payments began to rise in 1973 and 1974 untn, said WUde, Inspector Fleetwood on The five have pleaded innocent, and trials Board of Trade and the Houston Merchants are scheduled for later this spring. Exchange. Mar. 14, 1974, demanded $5,000 to issue a The agencies are controlled by business cleanliness certificate for the "M-V Achilles," WON'T SAY executives, including grain and shipping an oil tanker that was to be used to ship U.S. Attorney McDonough would not say company officials, who have a huge financial grain. whether he has evidence of involvement by stake in seeing that grain exports are not Fleetwood turned down the ship after the high-ranking ship or grain company ex unduly delayed at the inspection stage. New York owners refused to meet his de ecutives, but said his investigation is con H an inspector finds a ship dirty and mands, but another inspector, Clarance P. tinuing and includes the ports of Browns demands that it be Cleaned before grain Is put Baker, jr., approved it the next day after ask Ville, C<>rpus Christ and Galveston. aboard, or l! he places a low grade on a sblp ing and receiving a $2,500 payment, the Jury Grain grading and ship inspections are ment of corn or wheat, the rullng can mean was told. conducted under the U.S. Grain Standards many thousands of dollars in lost profits Baker confirmed the story at the trial, and Act, which specifies that the initial inspec tor the grain and ship companies. described the Achilles as ..very difficult to tions are to be done by federally licensed One federal official involved in the case clean and to convert over to grain storage" inspectors employed by inspection agencies described the entire grain and ship inspec because it previously had carried on. designated by the Agriculture Department. tion system as "a rather incestuous relation Hansen & Tldemann agent Lloyd L. Scal There are five such agencies in the New ship.. that was set up as "an accommodation lan, Jr., testified that he actually gave the Orleans area, serving eight big grain export to local interests,• 1n the export trade. money to Baker. ing elevators along the Mississippi River. FOR YEARS PART OF JOB TARIFF SCHEDULES The bribery schemes apparently had been "I knew it wasn't right, but I was doing The agencies are paid on the basis of tariff going on undetected for a number of years what my company instructed me to do as schedules they file with the agricultural on a rather modest scale, and came to light part of my job,'' Scallan testified. marketing service's grain division, which only as the grain export business began At two points in the Fleetwood trial, the routinely approves the charges. A typical booming, and as the inspectors started de Jury was shown checks allegedly involved ln charge at present is around $100 per ship in manding pay-o1fs of as high as $5,000 per ship. the briberies. One, for $5,000, was made out spection, and about $1 per 1.000 bushels of Shippers apparently were willing to make from Hansen & Tidemann to L. Caro, identi grain Inspected and graded. the payments because the cost was consider fied as a delivery boy from the firm. He More than a third of all grain exported ably less than the thousands of dollars a day cashed the check, endorsing it on the back from the U.S. is shipped out of the New lost while a ship 1s tied up in port being with his name and the words ..for M-V Orleans-area elevators. Much 0! it is Mid cleaned. Achilles," and gave the money to Scallan. west corn, which comes down the Mississippi The corruption was revealed to the FBI The other check, from Gulf Coast Shipping to New Orleans by barge. which is conducting the investigation at a Corp., to Mike Hardee, a Gulf Coast agent, All of the major U.S. grain exporting com number of grain-exporting points With the was for $1,000 and had an attached voucher panies have an elevator at New Orleans, help of the Agriculture Department's office of reading, .. M-V Lotus Flower, F-1010, gratui including such giants as Continental, Car investigation. ties !or grain surveyor." gill. Cook and Bunge. As a result of the stul unfolding scandal, TO FLEETWOOD The agricultural marketing servtce•s grain the Agriculture Department's agr~cultural Hardee testified that he cashed the check division has "appeal inspectors" at each port marketing service, which licenses the inspec and delivered it to Fleetwood's home on Jan. who can be asked to overrule an adverse -tors, has suspended the licenses of those in- 30, 1973, two days after another inspector had decision by one of the agency Inspectors. July 28, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25495
SELDOM USED to savings and investment now found The need to assure adequate capital for As a practical matter, however, the Fleet in our Federal tax laws. mation in the decade ahead must be a para wood jury was told, the appeal process is sel One of those measures is the Jobs mount consideration in the tax revision dom used by grain owners or ship companies legislation which Congress Is expected to en Creation Act of 1975, a bill which I act late this year or early in 1976. because the government appeal inspectors introduced in March and a bill which, are known to be tougher than the agency The United States reinvests a far smaller after several reintroductions and per share of its national income in new plant inspectors. Gilbert Vorhoff, president of the New Or fecting amendments, now has over 80 and equipment than any other industralized leans Board of Trade, defended the board's cosponsors in the House. That bill, H.R. country in the world. Administration econ 8053, is designed to accelerate the for omists, backed by most of their brethren inspection procedures and said a new man outside government, say it is no coincidence has been employed to supervise the inspec mation of capital needed to assure that this country's advantage in worker pro t ors as a result of the cases. Two of the higher productivity and more jobs. An ductivity has been slowly but surely eroding. indicted men worked for the Board of Trade, extensive discussion of capital forma Efforts also should be made to broaden the while others in New Orleans worked for other tion in general and this bill in partic base f1·om which investment-feeding savings inspection agencies. ular is found in the RECORD of today are drawn. Vorhoff acknowledged that the Board of There may be a temptation for Congress Trade's main function is to promote t1·ade during the special orders, and I call it to the attention of all those concerned to concentrate on soak-the-rich closing of and commerce, and that its members and di tax loopholes and new tax cuts for low rectors include officials of grain and shipping with the economic situation in our and middle-income citizens without doing firms. But he insisted that there is "absolutely country today. anything real about the need to encourage and unequivocally not a conflict of interest" Support is indeed growing for enact capital formation. That would be a distinct in such an organization's also being a regula ment of capital formation measures. disservice to Americans of all income tory agency for the inspection of ships and brackets. grain. That support is being reflected more BANK OFFICIAL every day 111 the editorials and press That Los Angeles Times editoria-l fol Vorhoff is a vice president of Hibernia Na comments of the Nation's major publi lowed the nationwide syndication of tional Bank and specializes in international cations. Nick Thimmesch's column through the finance. I think it is important we perceive Los Angeles Times Syndicate on June 12, U.S. Attorney Gallinghouse said that since accurately the public posture on this entitled, "A Reappraisal of Big Busi the in(iictments were issued both the Board issue. It is one 'me support of greatet• of Trade and the Agriculture Department ness": capital formation, and the items which Profits, as not enough people know, are have taken steps to improve supervision ot follow support this conclusion. the inspectors and to make spot checks on necessary for investment-expansion and their activities. On July 1, the Buffalo Evening News modernization of productive capacity. In re In Houston, the Houston Merchants Ex culminated a 3-day series of lead edi cent years, despite headlines about high change conducts grain and ship inspections torials on capital formation in these (gross) profits, the basic manufacturing in for four export elevators. words: dustries suffered a great decline in net Roy T. James, secretary and general man The federal government cannot by itseU profits, and the earnings slide further in the ager of the exchange, said the organization create the capital investment required to current recession. is owned by 23 stockholders from the major keep our American economy robust and The unhappy result is that the United grain firms, shipping companies, banks and growing. But by mounting a determined States is slipping way behind the rest of the other businesses. effort against inflation and by carefully industrallzed world in real economic growth. He said he expects his inspectors to be ex modifying tax and other laws that influ Even with population size leveling off, 10 onerated and to be "back at work before ence the investment climate, it can and million new jobs must be created in the too long." asstiredly should help stimulate the forma next five years in the United States. It takes Harlan L. Ryan, Agriculture Department tion of private capital so essential to our up to $40,000 in capital to create even one supervisor for the grain division office in standard of living. job. The best estimate is that in the next New Orleans, said his staff wlll be Increased No society can live indefinitely beyond 10 years there will be $2.6 trillion available from 27 to about 50 in order to provide better its means, consume more than it produces, for such investment but that $4.1 trillion control over the approximately 125 inspec or prosper without thoughtful planning is needed. tors employed by the five inspection agencies alert to promising new directions. CUrlously enough, an increasing number in the area. Congress must reexamine the tax laws, of labor leaders, the men who learn eco nomics by studying the industries they are Agriculture Department supervision teams as in fact the House Ways & Means Com are doing more checks on ship-hold inspec mittee has begun to do, looking toward trying to extract raises and benefits from, tions, and new guidelines are being issued strengthening several principles for stimu are sharing the concern of executives about to the inspection agencies, Ryan said. lating future investment. industry's abllity to expand. First, the tax laws should seek both to If there is not improvement in the profit enlarge the investment pool and guide it investment situation soon, many of those in high-priority directions. Not only does critics who helped damage the once-marvel this mean devising fresh incentives for ous engine will be standing there screaming PUBLIC OPINION IN SUPPORT OF investments in essential areas but it means at it for not providing all the goodies it TAX REFORMS DESIGNED TO closing loopholes which merely shelter did in yesteryear. FOSTER ACCELERATED CAPITAL wasteful or less useful investment. The Boston Herald Advertiser o£ FORMATION IN THE INTEREST Second, the lax laws should do less, over Apri113, in an article entitled "Low U.S. OF JOBS the long run, to encourage bon·owing and Capital May Affect Jobs," commented more to encourage savings and Investment. on this subject and how it relates to A third principle that ought to govern jobs: HON. JACK F. KEMP tax-law revisions is the desirability of in volving more individual Americans in the The U.S. is running low on capital. At OF 1\TEW YORK ownership of equity shares. stake is your job. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'rATIVES So there is no shortage of ideas in set As percentage of its economy, America has ting a fresh course to promote America's less growth capital available than almost Monday, July 28, 1975 all other industrialized countries. Chase Man real growth in living standards. The tough hattan Bank, the nation's third largest, esti Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, public opin est chore will be to sort out those ideas in a ion is growing increasingly in support mates that we are under-investing in our balanced, coherent program that is effective economy by $400 million ea.ch day, and will of tax reforms designed to foster ac as well as fair to all elements in our society. continue to do so for the next 10 years un celerated capital formation. This can flow only from a recognition of less profound changes are made. . The people know the relationship be the problem, an updating of public atti If those changes aren't made-In att.t tween capital and jobs. They know that tudes and, above all, a change in the politi tudes and in laws-'lihe U.S. will be a second assuring adequate capital for invest cal climate that has for too long treated rat-e country, or lower, within a decade, as ment in new plant and equipment is the profits as a rip-off, savings as slightly anti its capital formation declines. key to guaranteeing the existence of social, and the spending of every cent of What is this "capital Information" that in current jobs and to encouraging the income as the highest form of economic America has slowed to a trickle? It is the patriotism. savings of indiViduals. It Is also that ::><>r formation of new ones. tion of corpora-te earnings which becomes The House Committee on Ways and On June 22, one of the Nation's larg available for re-investment a.fter paying all Means now has before it major legis est newspapers, the Los Angeles Times, costs. Those a.re the only sources of capital lation on tax reform, much of it de had editorialized on this issue in these and if either the ability or Incentive to save signed to remove existing impediments words: is inhibited, there is less capital formation. 25496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 2'8, 1975 Solution 1s achievable, mostly through re higher prices for its customers, lower pay for In April of last year, CIA Director Wil vision of the tax laws: Provide inducement its employees, fewer jobs for the community liam Colby appeared at a closed session of for people to save, say a lower tax on inter and lower dividends for its stockholders. Rep. Lucien Nedzl's Armed Services sub est payments; Uberalize depreciation allow The impracticality of the corporate income committee on tnteWgence and described ances on machines and equipment; give tax ls especially salient at the present time his agency's long-term Involvement In tlle preferential tax treatment to corporate earn when government is supposedly doing all it political process ln Chlle, where a bloody ings retained tor investment and inClude the can to reduce unemployment. Billions are coup against Salvador Allende Gossens in service industries; bring the capital gainS being appropriated to create makework jobs September 1973 had led to the Installation tax provisions at least to a par with other which merely shift work from the private to of a military dictatorship. Mr. Nedzl had countries; determine one fiscal and mone the public sector. called Colby in at my urging, so naturally tary policy and stick with it; do away with It would be preferable to remove the ob I wanted to know what the director had to controls that restrict or impede t he free stacles to expansion and investment so that say. Not being a member of Armed serv market economy. Americans can return to real jobs that pro ices, I had to make special arrangements to duce goods and services. A drastic reduction view the classified transcript in the com The Reader's Digest of June 1975, in in the corporation income tax would help mittee offices--the privilege of any House an article entitled, "What Ever Hap achieve this. Its abolition would be even member-and after some initial difficulties pened to the Nickel Candy Bar?" gave better. with the staff there, I got my first look at several examples of the ways in which While a politician may find it useful to the material on June 4. What it said left capital relates jobs: cultivate the myth that "the little guy" is me appalled. to helped by socking lt to ..big business," it just Let's first consider two basic ways to The authorization of bribery, the fund isn't so and we are pleased to find a politi ing of political factions and propaganda lower the price of a product. One way is to cian with the wit and courage to say so. cheapen the product, lower its quality. But campaigns, the fomenting of strikes and Rep. Jack Kemp, R-N.Y., has sponsored a demonstrations, a myriad of destabilizing this is a fatal device in a free ma.rke~n bill which ellmlnates the double taxation of sumers catch on quickly. The other way is actions-all directed against the duly elect corporate income and achieves other reforms ed leader of Latin America's most sophis to maintain the qU&llty but cut the cost of to encourage capital formation. The bill is mru1ut.acture. If the product ls soup cans, ticated democracy-are now matters of pub needed and deserves the support of all par lic record. Not only does that record indi for instance, it means producing more and ties interested in economic recovery. better soup cans for the time and labor cate violations of standing treaties and spent. That's what's called improved produc Mr. Speaker, the people are remem other affronts to Chilean sovereignty; it also shows that President NiXon and Sec tivity. bering that private capital at work Just ponder, for example, what happens retary Kissinger had Ued repeatedly to the means people at work; that private capi American people about our involvement when a mix of technology, planning and tal not at work means people not work. worker motivation spells high productivity. at there and that some administration figures Major manufacturers of hand-held power had apparently perjured themselves on the tools in Germany, Japan and England have matter before certain committees of Con not been able to penetrate the American gress. market because high-quality American-made CONGRESSIONAL COVERUP Determined to get some congressional ac hand tools are competitively lower in price. tion that would bring these things to light, One of the major forces behind this situation I approached Mr. Nedzi and asked him what is the Black & Decker Manufacturing Co., of HON. HERMAN BADILLO he planned to do with this information. He Towson, Md. OF NEW YORK replied with a phllosophical shrug. He has taken the testimony as I asked-what more The company secret? Better productivtty. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In part, this comes from the wise investment could one do? This informalon, after all, of funds in new machines and advanced Monday, July 28, 1975 was secret. Knowing full well from my short-term ex research. Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, it is a While such improved productivity has paid perience as a member of Armed Services off in increased sales and profits, it has also privilege to insert in the RECoRD an ar (ending in 1973) tllat Chairman F. Edward paid off for employees. The company payroll ticle authored by our colleague the Hon Hebert would be even less inclined to pur in 1958 was $14.5 million for 3,800 employees. orable MICHAEL HARRINGTON. The article sue the matter than Mr. Nedzl, I spoke with Last year's payroll was $165.2 million for appeared in the July 26,1975, issue of the several subcommittee chairmen of House 20,700 employees. New Republic mag.azine. I would like Foreign Affairs. of which I am now a member, And look at the payoff for the consumer: and then with some of my staff. I also sought to express my oontinued support for the advice of Larry Stern of The Washington In 1958. Black & Decker's basic electric drill Mr. HARRINGTON, and I hope that this Post. a personal friend who clearly under for do-it-yourselfers cost $18.95. Now it costs article helps clarify his position. stood that the story was not to be released. $10.99. A standard jigsaw that sold for $44.50 CONGRESS CIA COVERUP: GETTING OuT THE But the reactions of the subcommittee chair in 1958 now costs $11.99. And remember. men and other Foreign Affairs colleagues, tlleso price changes occurred during a 16- TRUTH (By Michael J. Harrington) though generally sympathetic in tone, were yea.r period which saw the U.S. Consumer equally lacking in commitment. Yes the Price Index rtse 75.2 percent. (NoTE.-Mr. Harrington is the Democratic Chile story sounded pretty bad, but that was But the productivity payoff can also meau congressman from Massachusetts• sixth ~ tlle province of another committee and be a lot mo1·e than new jobs and higher pay. trict.) sides, the Information was secret. Sometimes it spells survival. If a President engages in a cover-up of I finally wrote to ..Doc .. Morgan, chairman The Indianapolis Star of July 11. made government. wrongdoing, as happened 1n the of the full oommtttee. and to Senator Ful this specific endorsement of capital NiXon White House, he can be challenged bright. In those two long letters of July 18, I through the process of impeachment, which reviewed Colby's April testimony and argued formation measures including the Jobs amounts to indictment and trial by the Con that "the Congress and the American people Creation Act: gress. But what do we do if the Congress have a right to know what was done in our As Congress takes up the problem of tax engages in a cover-up? Individual members name in ChDe • • • I urge you to turn this reform this week, there is reason to hope can be censured or expelled, of course, but matter to the attention of the Foreign Rela that an inequitable and impractical feature what if the cover-up is institutional, a prod tions [Affairs] Committee for a complete, of our Federal tax system-the corporate in uct of the most time-honored rules and public investJgatton. •.•" I pointed out that come tax-will get a thorough review. rituals? the Forty Committee. the interdepartmental An income tax Is paid on money earned by This 1s precisely the problem that con body chaired by the President's national the corporation. That money is taxed again fronts us ln the unfolding story of CIA and security adviser, had auth<>rize------~------HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, July 29, 1975
The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. professional attainment of women-she gress was running an $88 billion deficit. Rev. David H. Smith, Walker Chapel was a director of the Bank of Cambria. This simply is not con-ect. United Methodist Church, Arlington, Va., Reverend Smith graduated from the The action of the House to date is $3.5 offered the following prayer: Christiansburg High School and the billion below the concurrent resolution 0 living God, we feel keenly the bur Randolph-Macon College. He took his deficit figure, which was $68.2 billion. I dens we bear and share in this distin theological training at Vanderbilt Uni will be sending to my colleagues today a guished Chamber. versity and Union Theological Seminary. report on each of the appropriation bills We carry obligations to serve the peo His pastorates have included Windsor indicating what has been put forth by Hills in Roanoke, Wesley Memorial in ple who sent us here. the House, what it compares to in the We also know times when candor and Charlottesville. LeKies Church in Nor conscience lead us in directions that con folk, and Epiphany Church in Vienna concurrent resolution, and what items filet with the masses we represent. all Methodist congregations in the State are still open. There are moments when Your awe of Virginia. Reverend Smith is presently The only area in which there may be some presence reminds us that we are pastor of Walker Chapel United Meth a difference is in the estimates made by being tested by eternity as well as time, odist Church, a beautiful and historic the President as to the amount that by all humanity as well as by the people church just up Glebe Road from Chain would be spent on programs that are next door. Bridge across the Potomac River. dealing with the recession. When we do We need Your direction. Bring us clar Last summer Reverend Smith was an not pass the stimulus programs or can ity of vision; openness to truth; loyalty exchange pastor at a church in Corn to the highest we know; and the good not override the vetoes then the reces wall. England, as he had been at Not sion continues and the spending for un warm feeling that surges within when we tingham, England, in the summer of bave offered our best. 1971. He serves on the Virginia Confer employment compensation, food stamps, In Your keeping we place this day ence Board of ffigher Education and and so forth, will rise. We will have those with confidence, hope, and thanksgiving. Campus Ministry. He is chairman of the estimates for the Members of the House Blessed be Your name. Amen. Committee on Continll.iug Education, by the month of September when the and he is secretary of the Regional Board Members come back from recess. of Virginia Methodist :-Iomes