11576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

FRANK J. LUCAS HONORED guiding principle has been that steady accustomed romantic beauty. (How spoiled employment with good pay and bene­ we New Yorkers a.re, but this is pa.rt of our dubious charm.) Downtown Brooklyn has no fits can only be realized when the em­ easy answer and is stlll fraughlt with real and HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN ploying contractors are able to com­ continuing problems, but there 1s enough OF MARYLAND plete their contracts profitably, within visible accomplishment in terms o! design, specifications and in a timely manner. development and the creation a.nd reinforce­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Lucas has been married for 43 ment of comm.unity and e.menity for a dozen Wednesday, April 23, 1975 years. He and his wife, the beautiful other cities. Eleanora, have one son, Francis Michael, Brooklyn's lessons in architecture and ur­ Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was banism-which largely involve informed ef­ my pleasure to attend a testimonial din­ and two daughters, Mary Louise and forts to turn around an area. decimated by a ner on April 12, 1975, given by the Steam­ Ellen Gertrude, and they are blessed residential and commercial flight to the sub­ fitters local 603 of the United Associa­ with five grandchildren. For all of his urbs of the 1950's and 1960's--are hearten­ tion of Journeymen and Apprentices of life, Mr. Lucas has lived in the Wash­ ing. And so are the role and achievements of the Plumbing and Pipefltting Industry ington area. As a young man he grew the city agency in charge, the Office of Down­ of the United States and Canada in up in the shadow of this Capitol build­ town Brooklyn Development, now under the honor of Mr. Frank J. Lucas who has re­ ing, playing baseball for the Warrick direct-ion of Richard M. Rosan, working in Athletic Club, playing the trumpet in collaboration with exceptionally strong and cently retired from his position as direc­ dedicated local groups. This is one of those tor of trade jurisdiction of the union Merton Collins Washingtonian Band and on-the-spot Mayor's planning offices that after nearly a half century of work, be­ riding around town in his 1930 Reo. The have done more for New York in terms of ginning as a steamfitter helper. In 1933, Lucas family is a union family. His fath­ posttive development policy than any single Mr. Lucas was awarded his journeyman er was president of local 602 for 25 idea or action initiated by city government card, serving as a teacher of the ·trade years and his son, Mickey, is assistant in the last decade. And at the moment, when and setting the example as a hard-work­ business manager of local 602. His the more glamorous planning offices are in a ing and dedicated craftsman. From 1939 brothers, Albert, Bernie and Everett bind or a stalemate, Brooklyn is paying off. (deceased) became journeymen steam­ You don't have to be a. closet Brooklynite to 1945, he served as a member of the to know about Brooklyn's brownstone re­ examining board and executive board fitters. vival, but the first thing that strikes the until, ait the age of 36, he was elected His thoughtfulness and concern for visitor ls the startling dimensions of the resi­ business manager of local 603. Under the welfare of his fell ow workers acting dential renaissance. These neighborhoods go his good direction, local 603 doubled its in a spirit of true brotherhood has been on literally for miles, ringing downtown membership and improved medical and recognized by all of his associates. This, Brooklyn. They have an incredible popula­ pension programs. the welfare plan, the together with his cooperative spirit, has tion of 275,000-at lea.st as big as three me­ helper program, the apprenticeship pro­ served to elevate him to the responsible dium-size cities. Beginning with Brooklyn positions that he has filled so superbly Heights, the revival moved to Cobble Hill, gram-all having evidence of his skillful Boerum Hill and Park Slope-four areas tha.t hand branded upon them. over the years. It was a heartwarming have been declrared historic distriots. Still Back in February 1955, the president experience ·to join with the approxi­ another, Fort Greene, is in the process of of the United Association, Martin Durk­ mately 700 labor leaders and representa­ designation. in asked Mr. Lucas to join his staff as a tives of government and industry who Almost all of these seemingly endless, su­ sp~cial representative. His first assign­ gathered to pay homage to this fine perb streets of 19th-century row houses were ment was to serve the States of Virginia gentleman. Mr. Speaker, I salute Mr. once slated for the bulldozer brand of ur­ Frank Lucas and wish him well in his ban renewal. That figured, of course, since and West Virginia. Working hard to gain the easiest thing to demolish is a treasury of the respect of the members throughout deserved retirement. intimately sea.led, rich a.rchLtectura.l styles of his district, he learned quickly the laws exceptional craftsmanship and quality. The that were directed toward the unions revival that took place instead was a. spon­ during the mid-fifties. In 1956, President THE BLOOMING OF BROOKLYN taneous, snowballing, bootstrap operation of Peter Schoemann assigned Mr. Lucas to individual. ,and collective gut faith, born of a the industrial heart of mid-America, the dedication to the principle that New York ts livable and made by a young, committed, ur­ States of Indiana and Illinois. For 11 HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND ban middle class. years, he provided the United Associa­ OF NEW YOBK If you want to know the extent of such tion with leadership necessary to conduct IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fa.1th, it :1s worth noting that wi·th the excep­ the mission. No other period of time saw tion of a few local Brooklyn institutions, New such economic growth, technology Wednesday, April 23, 1975 York banks would give no loans or mortgages change or tightening of laws which gov­ Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, I on s.ny of these houses in any of these areas. ern labor unions, and because of his would like to submit this article to the Has anyone ever estimiated the disastrous impact of such "sound banking policy" on unique leadership qualities, he gained CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: cities, even when street wisdom was in the the respect of all locals and the United THE BLOOMING OF BROOKLYN act of proving the bankers wrong? They have Association. This is the year of Brooklyn, but you'd a lot to answer for. (They'll handle the build­ In 1967, the home office called Mr. never know it in New York. The season's top ings now, at quintuple markups in sound, Lucas to the headquarters to work on theatrical event--the visit of England Royal marketable neighborhoods.) problems of trade jurisdiction. Two years Shakespeare Company-took place in Brook­ This charm, comfort and beauty, from tree­ later he was named director of that de­ lyn, at the handsomely restored Brooklyn lined streets and blooming back yards to partment by President Peter Schoe­ Academy of Music. Genera.lly, it ts easier to Eastlake parlors and sun-filled kitchens, is get New Yorkers to cross the Atlantic to Lon- within a stone's or a subway's throw of the mann. Those years of hard work and don than to cross the East River. · big apple. Transportation facilities are ex­ loyalty to the organization proved his Politically, as well as culturally, it ls the cellent, although they need upgrading like ability to serve the area with knowledge year of Brooklyn, with a Brooklyn ma.n in the rest of New York's mass transit. Every­ and integrity-needed commodities in City Ha.11 and a Brooklyn man in the State thing converges on downtown Brooklyn. And an experienced arbitrator. He served as Capitol at Albany, which gives Brooklyn both if the natives don't want to cross the river. chairman of the carpenter committee clout and ca.ob.et, And with Manhattan mark­ they have an overwhelming concentration or from 1964 to 1974. ing time in an atmosphere of recession and their own cultural and educational institu­ in gloom, most of what 1s happening in New tions. During his entire career the union, York 1s going on quietly across the river. Again, if one stops to think about it, the Mr. Lucas has adhered to the policy Actually, the blooming of doWilltown score is stupefying. There are at least a that the well-being of his union breth­ Brooklyn should not really take New Yorkers dozen educational institutions, with 45,000 ren :.s paramount and that all gains so very much by surprise. It wouldn't if they students enrolled in them, a.s compared to achieved in improved working conditions, didn't keep looking the other way. A walk 26,288 students in Cambridge, Mass. Baruch hours and pay scales are directly related a.cross the Brooklyn Bridge on a magical early College is now moving toward realization on to the success of their employers. I:is spring day or evening reveals more than its 13 acres of the Atlantic Terminal renewal April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11577 site after 10 years of backing and filling. We have saved the best till last. Downtown There is a small, steady, loyal stream to the Brooklyn not only has an unparalleled View LEE HAMILTON'S WASHINGTON dance programs (outstanding) and exhibi­ of Manhattan, it has a wonderful waterfront. REPORT, "ENERGY" tions (ditto) of the topflght Academy of The development office's Fulton Ferry water­ Music and Brooklyn Museum. ( One draw, front plan ranges from the building of a even with Ma.nha.tta.n's easy riches, is dinner small park and ferry slip, almost completed, HON. LEE H. HAMILTON at Gage and Tollner's landmark restaurant, to a pair of imaginative schemes to use a OF INDIANA a.n island of authentic food and atmosphere fine "modernistic" factory for the Brooklyn IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the expensive ersatzsehmier of New York Museum Art School and the city-owned Fire dining.) Boat House for a Brooklyn Bridge Museum. Wednesday, April 23, 1975 And that's not all, as they say in booster­ (One of New York's secret treasures is the Mr. vme. Just beyond the bridge is Brooklyn's set of Roebling's inch-by-inch watercolor Mr. HAMILTON. Speaker, under civic and commercial center. About 67,000 renderings of the bridge in the origln&l the leave to extend my remarks in the people, divided between the public and pri­ wooden file cabinets in the base of the Brook­ RECORD, I include the following: vate sectors, work in its businesses, courts, lyn tower.) WASHINGTON REPORT, "ENERGY" government agencies, law and insurance of­ Long range plans would link the area with The development o:f an effective and equi­ ficers and retail enterprises. And these are the South Street Seaport on the Manhattan table energy policy is one of the top priorities not just buildings-we are also talking about side. But it isn't necessary to wait for that facing the 94th Congress. architecture. From the solid granite Roman­ to happen to explore the archipectural mar­ There is basic agreement between the esque Revival Post Office and the neo-classi­ vels of the dramatic brick Empire Stores with President and the Congress that the problem cal Borough Hall to the nifty Art Deco of their grifflres and eagles and arched gates is how to cut back oil imports to reduce the Corbett, Harrison and McMurray's 185 Mon­ at the water's edge. Last one over the bridge growing control oil producing countries have tague Street (headquarters of the Office of this spring is a loser. over our economy and security. We now im­ Downtown Brooklyn Development), there is port about 40% of the oil we use, and at more substantial, stylish, top quality build­ present rates of production and demand the ing in downtown Brooklyn than one can percentage will rise to 50% by 1980. In 1970 shake an architectural historian at. Block we paid $3 billion for imported oil. Last year for block, it is some of the best, most under­ LET'S HEAR IT FOR FREE we pa.id $24 billion. That means, not only publicized landmark territory in New York. ENTERPRISE a massive outflow of dollars, but a loss o:f Most of the pivotal change and the con­ business e.nd jobs. It also means that the centrated redevelopment effort have taken United States becomes more vulnerable to place in this central business district, around HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG pressure :from the oil exporting nations. Fulton Street. There has been commercial OF COLORADO Just about everyone in the Administration spillover beyond, from the brownstone neigh­ and the Congress has been involved in de­ borhoods, revitalizing Atlantic Avenue as IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES veloping an energy plan. More than 500 well, with its older ethnic strengths and bur­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 energy bllls have been introduced in Con­ geoning antique and specialty shops. Atlan­ gress so far this year. The goal of all of the tic Avenue is now surprisingly reminiscent Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, a few major energy proposals is to reduce energy of New Orlean's Magazine Street in both days ago the Aurora Sun published an consumption and to expand domestic pro­ character and renewal. The development office editorial that I hope every Member of duction in order to lessen U.S. dependence has devised a special Atlantic Avenue zoning the House will take a moment to read. on foreign sources. However, the timing and district to protect just those urban and ar­ methods used to achieve these goals vary. chitectural features that would be lost, with­ On April 10, the Sun reminded its The President, whose plan basically is to out controls, in the regenerative process. readers of the need for responsible sup­ reduce consumption by increasing the price With the Downtown Brooklyn Development port of the American free enterprise sys­ of fuel, recommends an increase in oll im­ Association, the planners have ma.de steady tem. I commend the Sun for its forceful port fees, a $2 excise tax on domestic crude progress in the Fulton Street area, Abraham and articulate comments and call at­ oil, and decontrol of domestic oil prices. and Straus and May's have held on, while tention of the Congress to this thought­ He supports the deregulation of natural gas the famous movie houses died and traditional provoking statement: price, coupled with an excise tax on natural shopping turned into a redundancy of fancy gas, and a windfall proflts tax if domestic shoes and wigs. But even with suburban de­ LET'S HEAR IT FOR FREE ENTERPRISE prices are decontrolled. He also recommends fection and social change, this section still Somewhere between the present genera­ the development of the naval petroleum has the sixth largest sales volume of all tion and our generation, capitalism seems reserves, continuation of the leasing policy U.S. central business districts, and one of to have become a dirty word. Schools don't for outer continental shelf areas, conversion the planner's proposals is a Fulton Street teach capitalism, they teach humanism. The of electric,power plants from 011 to coal, en­ pedestrian mall. This seems about to go no growth people and environmentalists now actment of a less-restrictive strip mining ahead. (Not the least problem is the re­ wear the white hats. The businessman wears bfil, a relaxation of clean air standards, and peated political, social and commercial mo­ black. Probably in mourning for Horatio emergency standby authority. b111zation needed, year after year, as every Alger. Critics of the President's proposal com­ project inches forward one hearing at a Congress seems to feel that the path back plain that it would add to inflation, and the time.) to Washington is lined with controls on busi­ President's own economists admit that it A good deal less Visible remedial action has ness. would add two percentage points to the in­ also been under way. The Livingston-Bond Business men and women feel just a little fla.tion raite. They e.lso say that the Presi­ garage that opened recently does more than bit unclean if their enterprises prosper. We dent's plan is more than the economy can provide parking space; it is a coordinating bear this year until it works its way out of suspect that imagined guilt is behind the the recession. · facll1ty for off-street unloading, goods han­ antipathy to new disclosure laws. dling and new shops. Two handsome new, key Ways and Means Committee Chairman Ull­ An amendment to Colorado House Bill No. man has recommended import quotas on buildings have been completed by the firm· 1069, which would have required Colorado of Skidmore, Owings and Merrlll-for Con Ed petroleum and a 7 cents per gallon retail schools to concern themselves with the gasoline tax beginning in 1976 and rising in and the New York Telephone Company. teaching of the free enterprise system with Under careful planning persuasion, they fea­ stages to 37 cents by April 1980. He also pro­ ture such mandated urban assets as area.des the same vigor given to teaching about mi­ poses an income tax credit which would com­ and new subway entrances as well as far­ nority cultures, was defeated. pletely offset the tax on 9 gallons a week, and above-speculative-qua.lity design. It's time the business community exam­ the creation of a ten-year energy trust fund There have been disappointments. Dreams ined its attitudes on participation on coun­ created by revenue from the gasoline tax to of large amounts of new office space have cils, committees and boards. Too often busi­ finance energy research. He supports an ex­ died with the real estate market. Housing ness is not represented in public service and cise tax on cars based on miles per gallon, plans have collapsed, brought on by the fail­ government. and import licensing system using a sealed­ ure of UDC, and it is hoped that the city will The philospphy of :free enterprise needs to bid public auction, and windfall pro:fi ts tax pick up some of the housing pieces. be interjected into every endeavor. on oil companies. He also recommends In­ But nothing is too big or too small for the The Aurora Chamber of Commerce has centives for conversion from petroleum and Brooklyn planning office. A clear indication successfully placed some of its members on natural gas to coal and other energy sources. of its eye and attitude is a series of tidy, The President thinks that the plan proposed government boards. Recent decisions on the by Congressman Ullman would not cut im­ tiny, "traffic island" parklets throughout the purchase of Camelot II for the city, and rec­ ports of oil sharply enough, and that his plan area--carefully repaved, with trees and ognition of the impact of the loss of Fitz­ concentrates too heavily on reducing gaso­ benches. The strength of a local planning simons can be credited to members of the line consumption rather than the consump­ office is that, unlike a centralized agency, its business community. tion of all fuels. attention is focused on every street corner. The Chamber of Commerce can work for One group of Congressmen wants govern­ This is the only kind of planning that really you, 1! you work for the Chamber of Com- ment controls retained and prices rolled works. merce. A membership drive begins this week. back, rather than having prices rise. They 11578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 would curb oil !mports directly by fixing investment tax credit, foreign tax Pa., where he received his early educa­ quotas which would cut the amount of fuel credits, etc. tion, Julian continued his academic available in the country. The problem 1s how For example, the First National Hold­ career in California where he received to adjust to reduced supply and how to ing Corp. based in Atlanta, Ga., has just handle the government intervention in the his bachelor's degree in economics from economy it entalls. released its 1974 annual report. The cor­ the University of California, Los Angeles. The major controversy about energy pol­ poration had $9.3 million in net income, He then proceeded to obtain a master's icy centers around the suggested increase in down 15.3 percent from 1973. But cash degree in history from the University of the retail gasol1ne tax, but there are plenty dividends declared were $4. 7 million, . up Southern California in 1935. That same of other areas of disagreement, including 16.7 percent from 1973. This income was year he earned his law degree from whether or not to impose oil import quotas, obtained from the "holding corpora­ Loyola University in Los Angeles. the extent to which the President should tion's" control of mortgage, consumer ha,e broad emergency standby power to deal Before entering private law practice, with future energy shortages, how tough finance, and equipment leasing compa­ Julian held a variety of positions includ­ to be on the automobile industry to improve nies. Following is the tax notes section ing being a conductor for Pacific Elec­ fuel efficiency in new cars, and to what ex­ of the corPQration's annual report: tric Railway, a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer tent we should deregulate the federal inter­ stenographer, a court bailiff, and a high state price controls on natural gas. NOTE 10.-INCOME TAXES school instructor. In developing sn energy pol1cy, the Con­ fThe provision for income taxes is summarized below in thou· In 1943 Julian was elected to the Cali­ gress has no easy choices. Everyone wants to sands of dollars) • save energy, but everyone wants someone fornia State Assembly where I had the pleasure to serve with him for the next else to do the saving. I agree that in order 1974 1973 to reduce national vulnerabillty to economic 8 years. From 1948 to 1952 Julian was the disruption, dependence on foreign oil must assembl~1·s Democratic floor leader. Current: be reduced. I support the enactment of a Federal (net of investment tax credit of Julian began his judicial .career in 1953 comprehensive energy program to curb en­ 2 6 when the late Chief Justice Earl Warren, ergy waste and reduce its consumption 1n a st!t;~!~-~~~-~~·-~~~~~~~~?:::::::: ]~~ $ ' ~ then Governor of California, appointed manner which will not make worse either inflation or recession. The energy program 59 2, 702 him to the Los Angeles Municipal Court. In 1959, after serving as legislative should take effect only gradually, allowing Deferred-resulting from timing differences persons, families, and businesses time to ad­ in: secretary to Gov. Edmund G. Brown, Sr., just. Emphasis must be placed on conserva­ Investment tax credit-deferred Julian was appointed to the superior method •.•• ------____ • 346 ------tion now, and every effort must be made to Depreciation, including leasing opera- court seat he will soon leave. expand domestic supply of energy. tions ••• _. ______••••••••••••• 253 1,2~1 Mr. Speaker, my wife, Lee, and I, con­ I would hope to be able to a.void rationing Accretion of bond discount. ______148 gratulate Julian Beck on his brilliant by a program designed to decrease the Provision for possible credit losses •••..•. -539 121 Insurance commission income •••.••.... -178 -456 career and wish him continued success amount of foreign on at the approximate rate Loan acquisition costs •.•••••••.•.••••• -17 249 and happiness in his private life. I am that conservation, conversion, 3nd alternate Other •••• ______------•• __ __------71 449 supply programs 1,esult 1n decreased con­ sure his wife, Maude, and his daughters, sumption of foreign oil. Special considera­ -58 1,675 Julie and Judith, are as proud of him as tion would have to be Iha.de for farming and 1 4,377 we are for his countless contributions to other essential pursuits. I do not consider our society for the common good. it desirable to increase the cost of the basic Differences between the U.S. Federal income tax rate of 48 a.mount of gasol1ne that drivers need. I do percent for corporations and the effective tax rates of the Com­ consider it necessary to make automobiles pany: more efficient in use of gasoline and to make buildings less wasteful of energy, and to ON THE 27TH ANNIVERSARY OF Per- Per- ESTABLISHMENT OF ISRAEL educate the public on the need for, and the cent cent means of achieving, energy conservation. U.S. Federal income tax rate...... 48. O 48. 0 HON. MARIO BIAGGI Increase (decrease) resulting from: Tax exempt income ______-34. 2 -18. 2 OF NEW YORK HOW TO LOWER YOUR TAXES: Investment tax credit. •• ------10. 3 -2. 5 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BECOME A BANK HOLDil,rG COM­ Other .• ·------3. 5 .4 Wednesday, April 23, 1975 PANY Effective tax rate...... 27. 7 Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, this year marks the 27th anniversary of the crea­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK From this tax note, it appears that the tion of the sovereign State of Israel. company paid $1,000 to the Federal Gov­ While the actual celebration is not until OF OHIO ernment in taxes on $9.3 million in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 7, millions of Jews both here and profit. . in the home country have held events Wednesday, April 23, 1975 Mr. Speaker, this annual report 1s commemorating this historic day. Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the 1974 another testament to the need for tax Israel has had a tumultuous history. Annual Reports of America's major reform. From the very outset, her claim to corporations are now being released. existence was challenged and is up to These reports are a gold mine of infor­ . this very day. She has been forced to mation on how corporations combine TRIBUTE TO JULIAN BECK fight two major wars on her soil with various provisions of the tax code to her Arab adversaries and her people reduce their Federal corporate tax pay­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON have lived much of their lives in fear ments to an absolute minimum. Of OF CALIFORNIA and apprehension of war. Yet the fact course, to combine different sections of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S that she remains a sovereign state is a the code, you usually have to be a large glowing testimonial to the resolve of and diversified corporation. In other Wednesday, AprU 23, 1975 her people to remain free. words, I have found over the years that Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Unfortunately this year as in so many the Federal tax code all too often helps Speaker, on April 30 a man of high in­ past years, peace for Israel does not ap­ the rich company get richer and keeps tegrity, astute political philosophies, and pear on the horizon. An additional prob­ the small company locked out of new a longtime friend will retire from the lem for them are their concerns of enterprises. bench of the Los Angeles Superior Court. dwindling American support. They look During the past several years, I have The Honorable Julian Be.ck will step as I do for the leadership of our Gov­ commented on the extraordinarily low down from public life following 32 years ernment to renew their commitment to effective tax rate paid by many of Amer­ of distinguished service, both as a judge the preservation of the Israeli state, and ica's major ba~ven those banks and as a member of the California State the expansion of our efforts to bring which are making extraordinary profits. Legislature. peace to the explosive Middle Eastern One of the easiest ways for banks to Julian has lived most of his life in sector of the world. lower their tax rates is to diversify into · California, the State he loves so much, Despite more than a quarter century businesses which are eligible for the and served so well. Born in Philadelphia, of adversities, Israel remains through a April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11579 sense of solidarity and perseverance Loan. His famous group of junior super­ and fights for Israel, then one can decide among her people, a strong and vibrant visors oft'ering service to the YMCA what to offer in exchange for peace. With all nation. There are many whose genius the goodwill in the world, I don't think that shall never be forgotten. Many of these Mr. Kissinger can judge what is beneficial for and dedication have contributed to the boys became "Boy of the Year" and us in the long run. I would not like to see present day State of Israel. I wish to sa­ every one became dedicated to the more of our sons falling nearer home, from lute two individuals in particular, the YMCA. Even today, they all come back less defensible positions, because we have late David Ben-Gurion, founder of the to visit the YMCA and above all to see given in to the persuasion of the big power State of Israel, whose death a little over George. Just as they are not forgotten, interests. 1 year ago plunged the entire nation of so they have never forgotten George's DORIS V. MOUSHINE. Israel into a prolonged period of mourn­ leadership. ing. The other individual is former Prime George H. Thompson, Jr., is also a Minister Golda Meier, who led the people member of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fra­ of Israel with distinction during her most ternity, a master member of the Elks CHILD-CARE EXPENSES SHOULD BE challenging days and continues to pro­ organization., and has received honors A BUSINESS DEDUCTION vide inspirational leadership. from the Beverly Hills Rotary Club, as The :first generation of Israelis worked well as being given a llfe membership HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG long and hard toward the common goal in the PTA of Beverly Hills. OF COLORADO of developing their nation into a respeot­ I know my colleagues will join with able world Power. They are weary of the me in thanking and commending Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bloodshed and anguish which has tor­ Thompson on his many contributions to Wednesday, April 23, 1975 mented them throughout these years. the YMCA, the growth of young men, Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, today Israel's second generation of citizens the community of Beverly Hills, and the I am introducing legislation to permit have begun to assert themselves toward United States. working parents to deduct cost of child achieving similar goals. Let us fer­ George is a rich man, he says-not care as a business expense in computing vently hope that theirs can be a genera­ in money-but in the friends he has income for Federal income tax. . tion of peace. There is no greater inter­ made along the way. How wonderful to The Internal Revenue Code already national challenge before us today. keep them in his fond memories. allows child-care expenses to be treated as an itemized deduction, if the parents work and the children are under 15. But the very fact that such costs must be TRIBUTE TO GEORGE H. ALL FOR PEACE-BUT NOT AT PRICE OF ANOTHER WAR treated as itemized deductions, rather THOMPSON, JR. than as business expense, restricts the usefulness and fairness of the deduc­ HON. THOMAS M. REES HON. LESTER L. WOLFF tion. OF CALIFORNIA Under present tax treatment, onlY OF NEW YORK about 12 percent of the over 10 million IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES families with working parents can use Wednesday, April 23, 1975 Wednesday, April 23, 1975 such a deduction. Less than 5 percent of Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, on May 14 a Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, with the all poor families can afford to itemize most dedicated and tireless individual ongoing reassessment of U.S. policy to­ deductions, and only 30 percent of those will retire after 20 years of service at ward the Middle East, I think it is im­ families with incomes between $5,000 the Beverly Hills YMCA. Over the years portant for us to know the deep feelings and $10,000 itemize deductions. Mr. George H. Thompson, Jr., has en­ within Israel over the reasons for the With the recent liberalization of the deared himself to the members of the breakdown of Secretary of State Kis­ standard deduction, this problem is like­ community, and has been highly instru­ singer's shuttle talks. ly to get worse, rather than better. Yet mental in the growth of thousands of A letter recently appeared in the Jeru­ it is the poor and moderate income fam­ young men. As the Congressman from salem Post. The author's words clearly ilies who need the benefit of child-care California's 23d Congressional District, reflect the Israeli concern and I com­ deductions the most. in which the Beverly Hills YMCA is lo­ mend it to my colleagues. The letter Much has been said about the need to cated, I would like to heartily commend follows: help less fortunate Americans help them­ selves-yet the present tax laws actual­ Mr. Thompson. ALL FOR PEACE-BUT NOT AT PRICE OF ANOTHER George Thompson was born near New WAR ly discourage such self-help. Orleans, La., on November 16, 1914. Up­ To the Editor of the Jerusalem Post: In addition, my proposal would elimi­ on his arrival in Los Angeles as a young Sir.-As a bereaved Israeli mother I be­ nate the restrictive ceiling of $400 per man, Mr. Thompson :first worked part­ lieve that Dr. Kissinger is trying to make month on child-care e~pense deductions. time for the tlepartment of recreation. peace in the Middle Ea.st, but have grave While $400 a month sounds large, that Later, he received an employment oppor­ doubts concerning the efficacy of his methods amount will not even cover the wages of tunity at the Beverly Hills YMCA where and his real motives. a full-time babysitter, particularly since he served as pool attendant in the morn­ We, the people of Israel, are asked to re­ babysitters are now covered by the mini­ turn to the Arabs the Golan Heights, for mum wage, let alone any additional ings and game supervisor in the after­ which so many of our sons fell. They did not noons. There he met Mr. Arthur Mohs, fall trying to conquer new lands; they fell child-care expenses. director of the Beverly Hills YMCA, who in order to save us from the Arab hordes Past history indicates that the child­ promoted him to the position of associ­ descending upon our northern towns and vil­ care deduction is not subject to abuse, ated director of the boys department. lages. We are asked to return Sinai, the and that most working parents do not His excellence and fortitude later earned Mitla and Gld! Passes and Abu Rudels. We even use the full deduction. Most fam­ him the .position of camp director, as did not take these deliberately from the ilies only deduct about $800 a year, a well as boys program director. Arabs. How many parents are still weeping sixth of the maximum limit. But for for sons who fell holding these places so that Mr. Thompson has collected an infi­ other Arab hordes would not attack Beer­ those individuals who do require ex­ nite number of memories and has many sheba, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem? tensive child care, the limit is too low. accomplishments to his credit. At Ala­ I am all for peace, but not at the price of The estimated additional cost of this bama State Teachers College in Mont­ another war at Mr. Sadat's convenience. legislation, according to studies pub­ gomery, Ala., he lettered in basketball, Israel would be giving up everything in lished by the Federal Reserve Bank of football, track, and baseball. But most exchange for Sadat's "word". What is the Boston, might reach $500 million~but of all, he is a man who cherishes his ex- "word" of Arab leaders worth? Attacking a that is less than one-half of 1 percent periences and programs at the Beverly small hotel and cinema in Tel Aviv? Murder­ of individual income tax collections. Hills YMCA. There were the fun clubs, ing simple people in Maalot, Belt Shean and Right now, one set of working parents river trips, and his organization of the Nahariya? Should we sit down with murder­ ing gangsters, give them all they ask and is favored over another by the tax law­ Y Indian guides with the :first father and accept their words of "non-belligerence" as simply on the basis of income. That is son participant being Mr. Herb Young, a fair exchange, in the hope for peace? bad economics and dubious, law. now president of Gilbralter Savings & . When one lives 1n Israel, feels with Israel We do not deny personal exemptions 11580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 to some Americans because they make In other words, the philosophy of Marx­ telling the Randolph-Sheppard story, more or less money. We do not limit in­ ism does not change but a Marxist-inspired and threw himself into several voluntary to movement can change and when it changes, terest charge deductions one group of you can safely do business with it and per­ pursuits in the field of blindness and the people. haps help the ca.use of peace and community handicapped. Always the activist, he is Child-care expenses are legitimate welfare in the bargain. Surprisingly, it was well aware that "much more remains business expenses----and should be treated a rabid anti-Communist, Richard Nixon, who to be done" and, pragmatist that he is­ as such, rather than being limited by re­ utilized this distinction successfully when a pragmatist being a successful dream­ strictions not applying to other business he arranged the detente with Russia and er-he reminds us all at the tunnel's end expenses. That is why I am proposing with China. that-- child-care expenses be classified as a Thrown into the crusade against interna­ tional Communism in the 1960s, we got in­ In whatever endeavor the handicapped business deduction. volved in Vietnam. We had no business in person finds himself, he 1s out to prove that It is time to get rid of restrictive regu­ getting into another nation's civil war. .a.bllity, not disabll1ty, 18 what counts. lations, particularly ones such as these, (Lincoln had warned the British to stay out And. thanks to the staying Power of which discriminate against hard-work­ of our American Civil War.) But we felt re­ folks like Leonard Robinson, the confi­ ing Americans. solved to stop the advance of Communism come hell or high water in Indochina and dence of the American people in the abil­ we found ourselves mired in the Asian ities of the handicapped has never been morass. higher. OUR GUILT IN VIETNAM It is now said that the South Vietnamese people lost their will to fight the North Vietnamese and all manner of explanations EMERGENCY FARM BILL HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. a.re being offered as to why they lost "their OF OHIO fighting spirit." From my reading, I would say that these peasants in the South never IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had any real urge to fight for the corrupt HON. DAWSON MATHIS Wednesday, April 23, 1975 regimes of South Vietnam. They were not OF GEORGIA interested in ideologies, Marxist or anti­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, in light of Ma.rxist, and they wanted only to be let a.lone our deliberations concerning South Viet­ to grow their rice in the paddies, to live on Wednesday, April 23. 1975 nam, I thought my colleagues in the the fruits of the soil and bring up their chil­ Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, today we House might wish to read the attached dren in peace. But we didn't let them do so. are considering the conference report on article which appeared in the Catholic Our policy was to protect them and stop the emergency farm bill. The distin­ Standard on Thursday, April 17, 1975. Communism by dropping more bombs on their country than the U.S. dropped on all guished chairman and ranking minority OUR GUILT IN VIETNAM Europe and Japan during World War II. member of the Agriculture Committee· (By Father John B. Sheerin, C.S.P.) We could have talked things over with have done an outstanding job in provid­ In his news conference April 4, President Hanoi 10 years a.go but ... Vatican II said it ing leadership on this legislation. Ford insinuated that unless Congress ap­ well, "While rejecting a.theism, root and They have brought a bill out of con­ proves the mllitary aid requested for South branch, the Church sincerely proposes that ference which, with a few small excep­ Vietnam, it wlll have to bear the blame for all men, believers and unbelievers a.like, tions, incorporates the same provisions the loss of Amerioa's credibllity and for in­ ought to work for the rightful betterment validation of the sacrifices of the 50,000 of the world . . . Such an ideal cannot be as passed by the House originally. This Americans killed in Vietnam. The approach­ realized, however, apart from sincere and is not a far-reaching agricultural sub­ ing end of the Vietnam debacle will start a profound dialogue." sidy program as some in the press would hunt for scapegoats. John F. Kennedy will lead us to believe. This program is not come in for blame, also Lyndon Johnson going to cost the American Taxpayer and Richard Nixon. Witch hunts of this kind $500 million as some in the Department a.re inevitable after a great disaster. So Pres­ BLIND VENDING-STAND PROGRAM of Agriculture are advocating. This bill is ident Ford's insinuation that Congress may be blamed for the loss of South Vietnam is a simple 1-year emergency bill designed not surprising. to give American farmers some relief What is surprising, however, is that the HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN from the high production costs they have President stlll supports the American policy OF MARYLAND incurred. If the administration had not that brought us to the present tragic situa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been so adamant when the farm bill was tion in Vietnam. That policy, in brief, was considered in 1973 in refusing to sup­ that international Communism must be Wednesday, April 23, 1975 port an escalator clause beginning with fought and conquered everywhere in the Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is the first year, this legislation probably world from Cuba to the Congo to Cam Ra.nh Bay. The infamous thing must be destroyed my pleasure to inform the House of the would not even be necessary. This body wherever it rears its ugly head! The policy forthcoming publication of a book en­ compromised at that time to avoid a sounded very noble and humanitarian espe­ titled "Light at the Tunnel End," by Presidential veto but neitb,er we nor the cially when John F. Kennedy proclaimed, Leonard A. Robinson. In this volume, Mr. President visualized the dramatic price " . . . we shall pay any price, bear any bur­ Robinson, who is blind, has presented increase in fertilizer, fuel, labor, land den, meet any hardship, support any friend his firsthand account of the legislative evaluation, and every other material or oppose any foe to assure the survival and and administrative history of the bllnd necessary for the production of food and success of liberty." But it proved to be bet­ fiber in this country. ter oratory than national policy. vending-stand program in the United Soviet Communism and Chinese Commu­ States which had its inception in the The general farm bill passed in 1973 nism a.re based on false philosophies but Randolph-Sheppard Act of 1936. This gave the administration what they there is a radical difference between a false legislation was brought up to date by wanted-unlimited production based on philosophy and a movement that derives amendments passed last December by the a target price concept. The American from the false philosophy. One is abstract 93d Congress. The text of the amend­ farmers went all out to meet these goals error and the other is a living movement em­ ments has been blended into the original of unlimited production and they did a bodying living persons; the error does not wonderful job. I think this administra­ change but the movement can change and legislation and appears as an appendix when it changes sufficiently, we ca.n do busi­ to Mr. Robinson's book. tion would be the first ones to admit that ness with it in spite of its underlying philos· The fact that more than 3,600 blind agricultural exPorts have been a life- ophy. persons are currently employed in the saver with regard to our balance of trade Pope John was one of the first to point operation of vending stands and ma­ deficits. Now the President has said that this out, in his "Pacem In Terris" and he chines in the Federal-State program ls he plans to veto this legislation because was roundly condemned for it at the time. indisputable testimony to the success of of the costs to the taxpayer and con­ He drew a distinction between the false the original idea and to the good sense sumer. What he is really saving is that philosophical ideas on which movements a.re of many Americans who have made the these farmers who put themselves in a initially based and the movements as they financial straitjacket to meet the de­ eventually grow and develop in the course program a useful and necessary part of of time. He asserted that "the movements our economic life. mands of increased production cannot precisely because they take place in the midst Upon retirement from the Govern­ expect to receive any assistance in re­ of changing conditions are readily suscepti­ ment, which he served with distinction, covering their increased production ble even to profound change." Mr. Robinson activated his dream of costs. I am not saying increased profits- April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11581 because in the last 12 months-while the He played a key role in achieving state­ at different agencies in which prominent processed food products went up almost hood for Hawaii and will always be re­ representatives of the presidential candidates 20 percent in the supermarkets-the membered for this long-overdue achieve­ would come and present their candidate's Views followed by a half hour of informal net return on raw agricultural products ment for his own people and for his discussions and questions from the audience. to the farmer went down almost 10 per­ country. We had three fairly successful forums of this cent. John Burns was an exceptional, dedi­ kind at which the representatives listened to This bill is no different from any emer­ cated public servant, who had vision and the views of civil servants and attempted to gency legislation this House will con­ compassion. The favorable impact of his give their candidate's positions on the var­ sider or has considered. We gave the life will long be felt, not only in Hawaii ious issues raised. We also got representatives Penn Central Railway funds through but in the entire country as well. from the Boards of Elections of Maryland, emergency type legislation. We have in­ Virginia, and D.C. to come to agencies and set up registration tables. This was very creased social security benefits with successful. built-in costs of living increases. We have Although this effort was politically futile, passed emergency job legislation, emer­ HATCH ACT REVISION SUPPORTED it certainly was enlightening. We discovered gency housing legislation-increased wel­ that most federal workers are shockingly fare benefits-higher education appro­ apolitical. For the most pa.rt they didn't priations based on increased costs. Why HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II seem to care about the integrity or the poli· cannot the American farmer receive the OF vmGINIA cies of the govern.men t they were working IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for. There is no doubt in my mind that thiS same courtesy and understanding? apathy is partly due to the impotence im· They are not asking for a Government Wednesday, April 23, 1975 posed by the Hatch Act. The Hatch Act has handout-all they want is to know that Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, at the given many fed.era.I workers an excuse for the government will support them as they April 14 hearing on H.R. 3000, the bill to copping out. I think this is regrettable be­ strive to meet the goals of supplying the revise the Hatch Act, one of my constit­ cause federal employees know what is hap­ food and fiber for the American people. pening in the government better than any uents, Mr. Gerard Coan, described his section of the electorate. And therefore, their This legislation is critical-the Ameri­ "politically futile" efforts to form a non­ can farmers are planning their 1975 crops political beliefs and activities should be on a partisan organization of Federal em­ well-founded basis. Yet, because of the right now and they need to have the ployees to become involved in politics. He Hatch Act, they are excluded from most po­ assurance that they will be able to make explains that the organization is now de­ litical activities and they are rendered rela­ a reasonable profit to continue their op­ funct because of apathy ''partly due to tively powerless in the polltical arena.. eration for the following year. Hatch What a.re the consequences of this? First, I the impotence imposed by the would guess that the civil service is deprived There are some in this body and in Act." I would like share his excellent the Department who will say that this to of many of society's more dynamic and sensi­ statement with my colleagues in the tive members who could not stand the frus­ bill will encourage farmers to over­ Congress: produce in certain areas such as cotton tration of not being able to work against Mr. Chairman and Members of the Sub­ policies and practices which are disagreeable because of the high target price, and committee, I appreciate having this oppor­ to them, and yet they must experience daily. thus cost the Government millions of tunity tonight to present my experiences Because of the Hatch Act, most people of this dollars. and views on the Hatch Act and the proposed quality leave federal service the first chance What these people are saying in reality legislation to reform it. I am a GS-13 Com­ they get, or they stay clear of it. is that there will no longer be a strong munity Planner in the New Communities A second consequence of the Hatch Act world demand for our agricultural prod­ Administration of HUD, where I have been is that our political system is deprived of a ucts and that huge Government sur­ em.ployed since July 1971. I had two years potential corrective force to help combat pluses will be built at the expense of the previous experience in the Civil Service from abusive and pernicious activities in an in­ 1965 to 1967. With me this evening is Ms. cumbent administration. As civil servants American taxpayer. I do not believe Ulis Natalie Reatig, who has been in the Civil we can be very a ware when a mockery is for a minute. American farmers produce Service for 10 years and is presently a GS-11 being made of an Act of Congress that we the highest quality farm products in the Social Science Analyst with the Division of are suppo.sed to be implementing. And sup­ world. This administration has com­ Extra-Mural Research Programs of the pose we were to discover that many of our mitted itself to helping the world hunger National Institute of Mental ,Health. In 1972 fellow civil servants were working in the problem. We passed the trade bill last Ms. Reatig and I, as well as several other same atmosphere and see a pattern that sug­ year to give the President more flexi­ concerned federal employees, formed the gests a wholesale abuse of the public trust. League of Federal Voters, which ls now de­ What could we do? We haven't the resources bility in trading with.other countries of funct. I have asked Ms. Reatig to accom­ to gather enough facts about widespread the world. The Department of Agricul­ pany me in order to help answer any ques­ abuses to prove malicious intent. We would ture has already submitted lists to the tions regarding the League of Federal Voters have to organize to do that anyway and that Tariff Commission which will place un­ since she was the spokesperson of the orga­ would entail a high risk of retribution. The restricted import and export duties on nlza.tion. logical thing to do in this kind of situa­ agricultural products to further our ex­ I would like to sa.y that Ms. Reatig and I tion would be to discretely offer our services port commitments. cautiously support the proposed legislation to the opposition candidate in our off-hours, It appears to me that this administra­ and I think I can say the same for all those presuming he offered a better alternative. civil servants who formed the League of But under the Hatch Act that would mean tion has realized the absolute necessity Federal Voters. We formed that organization risking our job&--6 risk which few of us to encourage agricultural exports to les­ out of a total sense of frustration of our can afford to take. sen our other financial obligations. Why inab111ty to participate in a partisan manner Without the Hatch Act restrictions on can they not in turn support the Ameri­ in the 1972 campaign, because of the Hatch political activity that option would be legal­ can farmer in this 1 year so they can Act. As Federal employees we were a.cutely ly open to us. We could work for the defeat have some idea what to expect at the aware of the gross abuses of the incumbent of an administration which we find from marketplace? administration-much more aware of what first-hand experience to be antithetical to I urge my colleagues to support this was happening than the electorate as a whole. the princtples upon which this country was our consciences dictated that we try to do founded. As we have seen the govern-ment report. somethdng about lt. Because of the Hatch of, for and by the people can quickly be­ Act a.nd the potential penalties for its Viola­ come a government of, for and by special in­ tion we opted to form the League of Federal terests. The professional civil service could GOV. JOHN A. BURNS Voters as a legal way to become involved in help "keep 'em honest" if only our hands the election. Its announced purpose was to weren't so tied. · a.ct as a "non-partisan educational com­ Mr. Chairman, I would also like to speak HON. MORRIS K. UDALL mittee" which would "help arrange balanced to the other side of this question. That is, OF ARIZONA presentations of opposing political views and whether it would be wise to preserve all or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . . . provide a general election information part of the Hatch Act in order to keep the center for federal employees." Civil Servants themselves honest, so to Wednesday, April 23, 1975 Essentially, this was a non-partisan grass speak. I do have some reservations and sug­ . Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I had the roots employee's organization which at­ gestions that I would like to share with you. tempted to get employees to wake up to what But, first I would like to comment on the great privilege and pleasure to know was happening in their government and to testimony given to this subcommittee sev­ John Burns and join with all of his many exercise their legal right to speak out against eral weeks ago by Chairman Hampton of the friends in the Congress in lamenting his what they didn't like. We hoped to do this U.S. Civil Service Commission in which Mr. untimely death. by sponsoring a series of lunch hour forums Hampton totally opposes the proposed leg- 11582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 lslation to modify the Hatch Act. I would beg timing to use the output of the government's H.R. 1287, HALTING THE IMPORTA· the Congress to reject most of Mr. Hampton's best urban experts to help prepare campaign TION OF RHODESIAN CHROME arguments as I think he has confused the platform policy. issue by vastly overstating the case for pre­ Certainly that amounted to using the Fed­ serving the Hatch Act. Some of the civil eral work force as an instrument in the elec­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER service a.buses Mr. Hampton warns would tion. The party 1n power has untold opportu­ OF MINNESOTA occur 1! this blll were passed are actually in nities to use the massive resources of the Widespread practice right now in spite of the bureaucracy and yet it would be difficult in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hatch Act. These are abuses which are irrele­ most cases to call it a violation of the Hatch Wednesday, April 23, 1975 vant to the Hatch Act and should be con­ Act. This is the kind of thing that cannot strained by other laws and regulations. Oth­ be effectively legislated against anyway so Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, for the er abuses mentioned by Mr. Hampton are we should stop fooling ourselves. But, by the benefit of my colleagues who have not virtually impossible to legislate against. A same token, as a federal employee I resent had an opportunity to see the revised third category he warns about would be not being able to choose to work for the other version of H.R. 1287, I am today placing prohibited by H.R. 3000 anyway. And yet a side if I so desire. I would stm be at a. fourth category of abuses occurred in the in the RECORD the complete text of the disadvantage since I would have to do-it 1n 18 distant past when the nation and the gov­ my off-hours. bill as amended March by the Inter­ ernment were smaller and more compact As to the whole question of whether the national Relations International Orga­ and therefore, more susceptible to political proposed legislation to weaken the Hatch nizations Subcommittee: manipulation by virtue of manpower alone. Act would be a boon to the party in power H.R. 1287 I would also include in this category abuses vs. the opposition, I think it depends on (Showing amendment approved by Subcom­ from a more recent past when a much larger whether a majortiy of civil servants agree mittee on International Orga.ntzatlons 1n proportion of the government work force With the President's policies. In other words, italic.) was tn the Excepted Service than at present. they are going to exercise their political A blll to amend the United Nations Partic· Let me give some examples of the first rights just like every other American is en­ two categories. The third category is so ob­ ipation Act of 1945 to halt the importation titled to-in line with their political beliefs. of Rho~sian chrome vious by reading the blll that I won't bother. Certainly that shouldn't be a crime. However, And the fourth ts an unmistakable anach­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House o/ I still think we should be on guard against ronism. On page 2 of his testimony, and the party in power stacking the bureaucracy Representatives of the United States o/ indeed throughout, Mr. Hampton claims that America in Congress assembled, That section the Hatch Act assures that employees will with its own loyalists. This has the effect of 5(a.) of the United Nations Participation Act making another criterion as, or more, im­ not feel compelled to engage in unwarranted of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287c(a.)) ts amended by partisan political activities in order to "en­ portant than merit. The result can be seen adding at the end thereof the following new hance their prospects for continued employ­ today where there are now many "loyal" but sentence: "Section 10 of the Strategic and ment or for advancement." Yet there are unqualified employees in career positions Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (60 Stat. numerous cases in HUD where career em­ where they could theoretically stay for the 596; 50 U.S.C. 98-98h) shall not apply to ployees have switched their party registra­ rest of their working yea.rs. This is a. very prohibitions or regulations established unde:r tion and were subsequently promoted. It serious problem but it ts not one that can the authority of this section.". ts generally known by people acquainted be solved by the Hatch Act, but rather by Sec. 2. Section 5 of the United Nations- Par­ with these cases that this was a quid pro more vigorous enforcement of the Civil ticipation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287c) is quo. The Hatch Act certainly did not pre­ Service laws and regulations. If these abuses amended by adding at the encl thereof the vent this from happening-there was no are not corrected then I'm not so sure it following new subsection: violation of that Act though undoubtedly would be wise to weaken the Hatch Act. "(c) (1) During the period in which meas­ there was a viola.talon of Civil Service reg­ My suggestions and reservations a.re as fol­ ures are applied against Southern Rhodesia ulations involved. But the point ls that em­ lows: under subsection (a) pursuant to Security ployees don't have to do overt campaign 1. I think Section 7324 of the proposed Council Resolutions numbered 232 (adopted. work in order to compromise their beliefs legislation should state more explicitly that December 16, 1966) and numbered 253 for selfish gain. a federal employee may in no way coerce a (adopted May 29, 1968), a shipment of any On page 3 Mr. Hampton argues that "the subordinate to perform any political activity. steel mill product ( as such product may be Hatch Act reduces the likelihood that the 2. I would add to the purpose of the bill defined by the Secretary) containing chro­ employee will allow partisan political views after "improper political solicitations" the mium in any form may not be released, from to interfere with the impartial execution of words "and pressures." customs custody for entry into the United the Government's business in accordance 3. The proposed bill should explicitly pro­ States i/- with the policies mandated by Congress." I'm hibit political activity whlle on duty, though "(A) a certificate of origin with respect to sure you are all familiar with Book 19 of the not necessarily while on a lunchbreak. such shipment has not been filed with the Senate Watergate Committee which outlines 4. Two permitted activities I would suggest Secretary; or the so-called "Responsiveness Program." The adding to the list in Section 7324 ( c) are par­ "(B) in the case· of a shipment with re­ documents in there provide chilling details ticipation in a political fundra.iser (provided spect to which a certificate of origin ha! of how an organized but secret campaign was there is no violation of Section 2(a)) and been filed with the Secretary, the Secretary conducted to layer the civil service with po­ campaign policy development. determines that the information contained litically responsive employees. And also how 5. I think Congress should arrange for in such certificate does not adequately estab­ a politically motivated system of disbursing ongoing monitoring of the effect of the lish that the steel mill product in such ship­ Federal largesse was set up starting in 1971 change, assuming it passes, and periodically ment does not contain chromium in any form with an eye toward the 1972 election. These review its decision on this blll-whether that which is of Southern Rhodesian origin; may have involved violations of the Pendle­ decision ls ultimately for or against. The unless such release is authorized by the Sec­ ton Act and other statutes but I don't see problem of politically influenced hiring and where they violated the Hatch Act. Yet they retary under paragraph (3) (B) or (C) • . promoting might well continue in spite of "(2) (A) The Secretary may, on his own certainly did "interfere with the impartial laws and regulations against it. It might execution of the Government's business" to initiative or upon a request by any in­ be impossible to stop this abuse. In fact, terested person, conduct an investigation quote Mr. Hampton a.gain. without a strong Hatch Act there might be with respect to the adequacy of the infor­ Also on page 3, Mr. Hampton claims that more incentive to stack the bureacuracy be­ the "Act makes it impossible for the party in mation contained in any certificate of origin. cause then the Administration could use this Pending completion of such investigation, power to turn the Federal work force into an corps of loyalists to help get re-elected. organized instrumerut for affecting the out­ the steel mill product shipment with respect Therefore, I would urge you to write into to which such certificate of origin was filed come of elections." But does it? I don't think this blll some effective mechanism to monito:r it does. As a.n example let me cite a memo­ may be (i) retained under customs custody, personnel actions for political influence and or (ii) released under paragraph (3) (C). randum from John D. Ehrlichman to HUD an automatic reinstatement of the Hatch Secretary George Romney, subject: National "(B) For purposes of conducting an in­ Act 1f such abuses can't be stopped. That ls Growth Polley. The memo was dated May 31, vestigation under subparagraph (A), the 1972 and required a response, to a list of where the real problem lies and 1f it can't be Secretary may issue S1!,bpenas requiring the questions regarding national growth policy, solved then I think I would have to re­ attendance and testimony of witnesses and by July 30, 1972. These daites a.re slgnt:ficant. grettably swallow the Hatch Act as it now the production of any evidence that relates Congress only requires a National Growth stands. Hopefully it can be solved and that to the matter under investigation. Any such Report in February of even-numbered years is why I am in favor of this legislation, subpena may, upon application by the Sec­ so the next one wasn't due until 1974, a year though cautiously. retary, be enforced in a civil action in an and three quarters la.ter. On the other hand, Thank you very much for the cha.nee to appropriate United States district court. July 30, 1972, the response due date, was just present my views on H.R. 3000. Ms. Reatlg "(C) Within ten days after the receipt ·oJ prior to the Republican Convention. Perfect and I will try to answer any questions. a request from any interested. person that April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11583 an investigation be conducted with respect a member of the Maryland Bar Associa­ in 23. As a consequence, rates have to the adequacy of the information con­ tion. jumped an average of 258 percent. tained in a certificate of origin with respect Mr. Ryan was a member and past com­ In an aittempt to focus attention on to any steel mill product shipment, the Sec­ mander of Farrady Post 24, American the entire malpractice problem and to retary shall notify such person in writing Legion, and a past exalted ruler of Frost­ solicit suggestions, I sent summaries of whether an investigation will be conducted two malpractice insurance bills that had with respect to such certificate. Such no­ burg Lodge 470, BPO Elks. He also be­ tification shall, include- longed to Frostburg Aerie 1273, Fraternal been introduced in the Senate earlier ., ( i) if an investigation is not going to be Order of Eagles, and Frostburg Lodge this year to all physicians in my con­ conducted, a statement of the reasons for 348, Loyal Order of Moose. Mr. Ryan was gressional district-almost 400 of them. the Secretary's decision not to conduct an also a member of Chief Justice Taney Their responses clearly and overwhelm­ investigation; or General Assembly, Fourth Degree ingly indicated the immediacy and mag­ "(ii) if an investigation is going to be con­ Knights of Columbus. He was an hon­ nitude of the problem. As one response ducted, a statement of what action the Sec­ orary member of the Frostburg Fire De­ pointed out: retary will take, pending completion of such The extremely high ma.Ipractlce insurance investigation, with respect to such steel mill partment. Edward Joseph Ryan will be missed premiums are a burden which the American product shipment. publlc cannot possibly afford to pay. "(D) Upon completion of any investiga­ and his deeds will long be remembered. tion conducted under this paragraph, the The many physicians who responded Secretary shall publish in the Federal Reg­ to my letter were by no means united ister a statement of the results of the in­ on one solution to the malpractice insur­ vestigation and of any action taken by the SKYROCKETING COST OF MAL­ ance crisis. But they all agreed that Secretary with respect to the steel mill prod­ PRACTICE INSURANCE uct shipment whose certificate of origin was something must be done and soon. the subject of such investigation. If such Therefore, I am today offering yet an­ investigation was requested by any inter­ HON. ROBERT J. CORNELL other alternative to the many legisla­ ested person, the Secretary shall also send a OF WISCONSIN tive proposals already introduced in the copy of such statement to such person. House in the hope that out of these vari­ "(3) (A) The Secretary shall prescribe reg­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVF.8 ous plans, a solution to this most serious ulations for carrying out the provisions of Wednesday, April 23, 1975 problem can be reached this year. this subsection. This bill was introduced in the Senate "(B) The Secretary may exempt from the Mr. CORNELL. Mr. Speaker, there certification requirements of this subsection are probably few words in the English by GAYLORD NELSON of Wisconsin and is any shipment of a steel mill product con­ language that are more overused than a revised and expanded version of his taining chromium in any form whtch is in "crisis," but it appears that a genuine earlier malpractice bill, S. 188 which was transit to the United States on the date of "crisis" is facing the medical profession introduced in the House (H.R. 3938) on enactment of this subsection. due to the skyrocketing cost of malprac­ February 27, 1975. "(C) The Secretary may release from cus­ tice insurance. The problem is particu­ The changes from the original bill are toms custody for entry into the United that: States, under such bond as he may require, larly acute so far in 1975 because an any shipment of a steel mill 'JYf"oduct contain­ alarming number of physicians are hav­ It provides for a medical malpractice ing chromium in any form (i) pending com­ ing their malpractice insurance can­ reinsurance pool, to be administered by pletion of an investigation under paragraph celed suddenly and are then unable to lo­ the Department of HEW, patterned (2) with respect to the adequacy of the cer­ cate other forms of coverage. Since the after the riot reinsurance law, in which tificate of origin filed with respect to such United States does not have a surplus primary insurance companies volun­ shipment, or (ii) under such other circum­ of doctors and medical practitioners, es­ tarily pay into a pool that covers losses stances as he deems appropriate. pecially in rural areas, something must above a certain figure. Initially, the bill "(4) As used in this subsection- provides for payment of losses over "(A) the term 'certificate of origin' means be done to alleviate this serious situation. such certificate as the Secretary may require, Last week more than three-fourths of $25,000, which figure would be adjusted with respect to a shipment of any steel mill the approximately 100 physicians who based on actuarial experience; product containing chromium in any form, attended a meeting of the Brown County It makes such reinsurance available to issued by the government (or by a designee Medical Association in Green Bay, Wis., companies only in States which have of such government if the Secretary is satis­ indicated that they would quit practice established programs for initial arbitra­ fied that such designee is the highest avail­ after July 1 of this year if adequate mal­ tion of medical malpractice claims. Such able certifying authority) of the country practice coverage is no available. Doctors arbitration would not be binding. How­ in which such steel mill product was pro­ ever, the decision of an arbitration panel duced certifying that the steel mfll product who are approaching retirement age are in such shipment contains no chromium in choosing to end their practice early would be admissible as evidence in any any form whtch is of Southern Rhodesian rather than pay spiraling insurance court proceeding; origin; and costs. It requires that each State est8iblish "(B) the term 'Secretary' means the Sec· This has occurred in the case of Dr. uniform rates of malpractice insurance retary of the Treasury.". Glen Denys of Green Bay who has noti­ so that all licensed physicians or other fied his patients that he is quitting his providers of health care pay the same practice on May 1 because of the can­ fee, regardless of type or speciality of cellation of his coverage. practice in which they are engaged. This EDWARD JOSEPH RYAN A number of physicians who wished would eliminate ratemaking within each to set up practice in Wisconsin have state. The proposal is patterned after HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON been unable to do so due to the lack of the system of malpractice premiums in OF MARYLAND adequate insurance coverage. As an ex­ Canada and Great Britain, where we are ample, a local neurosurgeon reported advised that physicians pay approxi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that he was unable to get insurance mately $50 a year for malpractice insur­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 for a fell~w practitioner-who happened ance, regardless of speciality; and Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last week to be a Green Bay native-and even It requires each State to establish by Edward Joseph Ryan, a distinguished Lloyds of London refused him coverage. law or court rule a schedule of maximum citizen and prominent attorney of Alle­ These illustrations are only a few of contingent fee rates which may be gany County, died. He was an unselfish the hundreds of similar incidents tak­ charged or accepted by attorneys for community leader in the truest sense o.nd ing place across the country and I know services performed in connection with an gave of himself in numerous endeavors. my colleagues could cite equal examples arbitration or civil action arising from Mr. Ryan served as chairman of the from their own congressional districts. a claim for damages 9n account of al­ Allegany County Board of Alocholic Bev­ The St. Paul Fire and Marine Insur­ leged medical malpractice. The fee rates erage Commissioners and was a past ance Co., which handles a substantial would be expressed as a percentage of member of the Allegany County Board of amount of malpractice insurance in my the net amount recovered in a success­ Education. He was elected to the Alle­ district and over 15 percent nationwide, ful settlement or prosecution of such gany County Democratic State Central reported that in 1974 it had one claim actions, decreasing as the amount of re­ Committee and was also president of the pending for every 10 doctors insured, covery increases. Allegany County Bar Association. He was whereas 5 years ago the ratio was one These new provisions are added to the CXXI--731-Part 9 11584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 earlier bill which would establish a Na­ This time the revelations are about the er (in the name of national security); we tional Medical Malpractice Develop­ Centre.I Intelligence Agency and the Fed­ ha.ve allowed the police too much power (in eral Bureau of Investigation. Both agencies the name of safety); we have allowed school ment Fund, patterned after the Federal seem to have functioned as independent po­ officials too much power (in the name of riot and flood reinsurance programs, to litical police forces, opening private mail, education); we ha.ve allowed psychiatrists protect primary insurance companies listening in on private telephone conversa­ too much power (in the name of mental against catastrophic malpractice claims tions, burglarizing for political purposes, en­ health). Discretionary public power-unfet­ losses. The fund would pay all claims gaging in widespread a. ttempts, through tered by strict legal limits--is always and above $25,000 and would be financed by agents provocateurs, to destroy the civil necessarily a.t wa.r with the liberties and voluntary payments by insurers. The rights movement in the South, and perhaps rights of people. Secretary of HEW would also be required even assassination. As we approach the Bicentennial, we We are now at the stage where Watergate might do well to re-examine the connections to assess the primary medical malprac­ was about two years ago: sensational news between all the "little" excesses of public tice insurance market and to conduct leaks, occasional revelations by key insiders, power we tolerate daily, a.nd rationalize certain studies in malpractice. the beginning of several official investiga­ away, and the pathological excesses that re­ In concluding my remarks, I want to tions, fervent denials by those in responsible sult in Watergate. again quote one of the physicians from positions, and the growing feeling that a my district who wrote to me on the mal­ massive cover-up is underway. practice dilemma. "An impending crisis For all the revelations, we begin to sense that most of the iceberg remains hidden, can be foreseen in the very near future and tha.t the worst is yet to come. Will we THE IMMORALITY OF REDISTRIB­ if some legislative effort on a State or finally find out the truth about the secret UTING INCOME national level is not undertaken imme­ government which knows no limit on its diately." power? That is hard to say. Thank you. But we should not comfort ourselves by HON. PHILIP M. CRANE supposing that the lawlessness of Richard OF ILLINOIS NiXon, the C.I.A. and the F.B.I. are aberra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions. They a.re, rather, the extreme patho­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 THE CIVIL LIBERTIES FIGHT IN logical symptoms of an endemic institutional NEW YORK disease. For anyone who reads these pages Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there are regularly knows that official lawlessness is a many in the American society who argue central feature of all governments, and that all men and women, regardless of HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL American government--at every level-is no exception. their ability, hard work, and productivity, OF NEW YORK What is police nusconduct if not an abuse should receive the same material re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of official power? When a cop beats someone wards. Those who work should be paid no Wednesday, April 23, 1975 on the street, or searches someone illegally, or more than those who do not. Those who covers his misconduct by fabricating false spend long years educating themselves in Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, only if the charges against his victim, how does that specialized skills should be paid no more rights of every person in this country differ from what Riche.rd Nixon did, or from than those who have done nothing to are protected can any of us be assured the illegal operations of the C.I.A. or F .B.I.­ except perhaps in degree? All break the law advance themselves. This, the advocates of our liberty. Constant vigilance on be­ because they believe that the goal they seek of such a policy tell us, is the kind of half of individual rights is required. In is so important that legal limits on their egalitarianism toward which we should New York, the New York Civil Liberties power could be ignored. And cops are not be moving. Union is in the vanguard of the fight for alone. The fact is that such a policy is itself civil rights and civil liberties. What a.bout school principals who suspend immoral. The false dichotomy between As a legislator, first in the State as­ students illegally-often a.s punishment for "human" rights and "property" rights sembly and now in the House of Repre­ political activity-and then defiantly sa.y: "I don't care about the law, I run my school which those who wish to implement such sentatives, I have found the New York the way I see fit." And what a.bout Boards a policy expound is clearly false. They Civil Liberties Union to be an invaluable of Education that choose to look aside at stand or fall together. resource in my legislative efforts. For such abuses of power, and refuse to enforce The framers of our Constitution were example, during the recent impeachment their own rules and regulations against such careful readers of the philosopher John controversy, the Civil Liberties Union or­ principals? Locke. In his "Essay Concerning the ganized committees of concerned citizens What a.bout officials in the Department of True, Original, Extent Of Civil Govern­ in each congressional district to make Mental Hygiene, who allow the degradations ment,'' Locke declared: of Willowbrook to continue? What about sure that the will of the people was made public officials who allow neglected children Every man ha.s a property in his own per­ clear to their elected Representatives, to be kept in solitary confinement in state son. This nobody has a.ny right to but him­ as well as to educate the public about the training schools? Or prison officials who pun­ self. The labour of his body a.nd the work massive abuses of power which ear­ ish prisoners for subscribing to the wrong of his hands, we may say, are properly his. marked the Nixon administration. In the magazines, or criticizing the prison admin­ Whatsoever, then, he removed out of the istration in their diaries? Or welfare offi­ state that nature hath provided and left it 19th Congressional District of New in, he hath mixed his labour with it, and York, the New York Civil Liberties Union cials who illegally deny benefits? Or housing authority officials who illega.lly evict ten­ joined it to something that is his own, and gathered literally thousands of letters to ants? Or the state legislature and the Gov­ thereby makes it his property ... For this be presented to the Judiciary Committee ernor, who pass legislation by jamming it labour being the unquestioned property of on the issue of impeachment. through before any legislator ca.n read it, in the labourer, no man but he ca.n have a right In the courts, in the legislature, and clear violation of the constitutional require­ to what that ts once joined to. before administrative agencies, the New ment that at least three days pass between Clearly, one of the reasons for the York Civil Liberties has made its views the time legislation is introduced and the American Revolution itself was the col­ known. Some battles have been lost, but time it is voted upon. onists' feeling that their property rights the struggle continues. And what about judges, who sometimes were endangered by the arbitrary actions At this time I am pleased to include respect public officials so much thElt they are willing to look aside at their abuses, and of the British Government. in the RECORD a report by Executive Di­ who create elaborate judicial rationales to In a recent column Anthony Harrigan rector Ira Glasser which appeared in the justify their inaction? Perhaps the leading quotes from an essay published by the March-April 1975 issue of "New York example of official lawlessness in America, is U.S. Industrial Council entitled, "On Re­ Civil Liberties": the resistance to school desegregation: twen­ distributing Income," by Peter J. Rust­ DIRECTOR'S REPORT: "A SENSE THAT MOST ty years after the U.S. Supreme Court de­ hoven, one of the editors of the Harvard OF THE ICEBERG REMAINS HIDDEN" clared school segregation illegal, the schools Law Review. The end result of a political During most of last year, the campaign to of New York are more segregated than most redistribution of income, Mr. Rusthoven impeach President Nixon focused attention Southern school systems. on the phenomenon of official lawlessness. We have, perhaps, 1n the two hundred explains, would be the breakdown of Now, more tha.n six months after the cer­ years since our revolution, become too re­ liberty. tainty of impeachment drove Richard Nixon spectful of power, too willing to assume its He writes: from office, and over a. year since the im­ benevolence, too faithful to see its excesses, Quite simply, the fact is that a.ny such at­ peachment campaign began, new revelations too trusting to perceive its corrosive effects tempt would entail the virtual destruction of a.bout the official abuse of power a.re a.ppea.r­ upon our freedoms. economic freedom as we know it. It is per­ ing in news media. We have allowed Presidents too much pow- fectly apparent, for example, that the theory April 23-, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11585 of a free market economy is inconsistent with any such attempt would entail the virtual civilians assassinated; wounded, and kid­ the attempt to render each man the material destruction of economic freedom as we know napped totalled 68,861. In the four years equal of h1s brethren. it. It is perfectly apparent, for example, since, the totals have escalated. The Viet­ that the theory of a free market economy is cong systematically killed 6,800 civilians in Inherent in the current tax legislation inconsistent with the attempt to render each the city of Hue during the Tet offensive of approved by the Congress, Mr. Harrigan man the material equal of his brethren." 1968. In the last decade they have methodi­ notes- Thus the threat posed by the new tax cally assassinated some twenty thousand lo­ bill is far worse than anything that can be cal officials a.s a pa.rt of their terror strategy. is far worse than anything that ca.n be de­ Murder on a vast scale with whole sections scribed in terms of deficit spending. The described in terms of deficit spending. The threat, insofar as income redistribution is of the population selected to die-that is the threat, insofar as income red1Stribution 1s technique of the Communists everywhere. concerned, is the undermining of the moral concerned, is the undermining of the moral basis of a society in which respectable, work­ Let us review the product of that appara­ basis of a society in which respectable, work­ tus-the system of terror which Senator Pell ing citizens are rewarded. ing citizens a.re rewarded. The authors of the new tax legislation, like says will serve our national interests if forced I wish to share with my colleagues the Sen. McGovern in 1972, a;re striking at the on South Vietnam. column, "Economic Immorality," by An­ system of incentives in our society. These Bulgaria: Here is a. good example of the incentives have a foundation in morality. fact that the road to hell is paved with the thony J. Harrigan, issued for release on sort of Coalition Governments with the Com­ April 17, 1975, and insert it into the munists which Secretary Rogers has pro­ RECORD at this time: posed for South Vietnam. The "coalescence" ECONOMIC IMMORALITY of Bulgaria's democrats and C07:WllUnists in (By Anthony Harrigan) RED TERROR 1944 was ordered by agreement between Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta. Following the In a recent syndicated column, Tom time-dishonored fashion of the Soviets, their Wicker, New York Times associate editor and HON. LARRY McDONALD Bulgarian stooges in 1947 outlawed all op­ liberal political activist, hailed the new OF GEORGIA position parties, arrested their representa­ federal tax bill as "the beginning of a new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tives in Parliament, and executed the chief a.nd long overdue course for American opposition leader, Nikola. Petkov, a.long with liberalism-toward a. policy of redistributing Wednesday, April 23, 1975 about 10,000 others. Thus the way was income." cleared for full communization of the coun­ Mr. Wicker's candid comment should make Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, as we engage in our leisurely try. Some 16,000 Bulgarians escaped the Americans realize that politioal redistribu­ bloodbath a.nd live in exile. tion of income-soc'ialism, in other words-­ discussions of belated aid to V1etnam, it Czecho-Slovakia.: The story of Czecho­ is at hand. is not too late to learn more about the slovakia is a thrice-told ta.le, but the full Sen. George McGovern proposed redis­ Communist modus operandi. In 1970, a brutality of it is hardly known to the average tribution of wealth in his famous $1,000 per reformed editor of the New York Times, American. The bloodbath simply cannot be person handout proposal during the 1972 Herman Dinsmore, summarized for us reduced to numbers. Scores of thousands presidential election-a. proposal that helped the blood price of "peace" on Commu­ died, and among them many thousands of cost him the election. Now, redistribution of Communists whom Stalin wanted eliminated income is to be accomplished by a ba.ckdoor nist terms, in the article below which ap­ peared in the Review of the News, for fear they might seek to rule the country method-by the new tax legislation, tha. t is. independently of the Russians. The liquida­ What is the morality--or immora.lity--of July 29, 1970: tions continue to this very moment. redistributing income? This is a. question THE COMMUNISTS AND PLANNED TERROR There are more than 100,000 Czecho-Slo­ thoughtful citizens should ask themselves. (By Herman H. Dinsmore) va.ks who have been driven into exile, with Fortunately, this question has been care­ Senator Claiborne Pell, Democrat of Rhode no likelihood that the others will ever stop fully studied-and answered-in a brilliant Island, advocated on June thirtieth that the seeking or hoping for refuge or rescue. essay "On Redistributing Income" by Peter United States "get out completely" and stop Estonia: Here is the northernmost of the J. Rusthoven, one of the editors of the "maintaining the division of Vietnam into three Baltic countries seized by the Soviet Havard Law Review. two countries." Mr. Pell said: "I submit that Rus.sia.ns under the Hitler-Stalin pa.ct. This In a. special report issued by the United our national interest would best be served by even though Moscow in 1939 signed mutual States IndustrL-al Council Educational a. unifl.ed Vietnam even 1! under communist assistance pacts that "guaranteed" non­ Foundation, Mr. Rusthoven points out that rule . . . " He claimed he does not believe a interference 1n their internal affairs. Es­ "there is a. growing push in leftwing bloodbath would occur 1! North Vietnam tonia's experience merely proved for the nth academic and political circles for the idea. takes control of the 3outh. time the worthlessness of treaties with the that substantive equality is a virtual pre­ This view flies in the face of all experience Communists. If the United States should requisite for the moral legitimacy of Amer­ with the Communists. Wherever they have ever abandon South Vietnam by signing a ican society." He notes that the American taken control mass murder has followed. "peace" treaty as demanded by the arrogant idea. that a. man should be rewarded accord­ Douglas Pike has established that the North Nort'b. Vietnamese "negotiators" in Paris, no ing to his worth "is coming in for increas- Vietnamese Communists have already American should ever be in the slightest ingly bitter attack." · planned a "night of the long knives" for the doubt about what wlll happen. The Com­ Thoughtful citizens, steeped in American end of the war, when literally millions of munists have declared as much in documents values undoubtedly are shocked at the South Vietnamese are scheduled for liquida­ captured on the battlefield in Vietnam. As notion that our country's wealth be divided tion. Mr. Pike is a.n outstanding student of U.S. News & World Report noted on May 15, without reg-a.rd to the merit or contribution the Vietcong. In a newly written work, The 1967: of the individual. Viet Cong Strategy Of Terror, he reports that One document gives the minutes of a meet­ At the core of the position held by the under the Communists' plan for South Viet­ ing of the Viet Cong Supreme Headquarters redistribution advocates, says Mr. Rusthoven, nam "all political opposition, actual or po­ in April, 1966. "Whether or not the wa.r will "lies the belief that there a.re no differences tential, would be systematically el1m1nated." resume after the conclusion of agreements," in human behavior for which the individual He quotes Colonel Tran Van Dae, a North Genera.I Vlnh stated, "depends upon the com­ human being is really responsible." Vietnamese defector, as revealing that 8 mil­ parative balance of forces. If we a.re capable He goes on to say that "in other words, lion South Vietnamese are on the Com­ of dominating the adversary the war will not the advocates of income distribution base munists' "blood debt list." break out again, and conversely." In other their arguments, ultimately, on a. rejection The early Russian Communists quaintly words, unless the Communists are left in of the notions of individual responsibility. referred to such liquidation as "the highest complete control of the situation, fighting It follows that they must reject e.s well any measure of social punishment." They accom­ will start up again. meaningful notion of individual moral1ty." plished it, usually, by shooting. The North Estonia, a pamphlet by Alexander Kuett This is a very powerful argument. It makes Vietnamese are not so coldly unconcerned as issued by the Assembly of Ca,ptive European clear that a ra.dioally equal society, in which to the manner in which their victims die. Nations, details some basic facts that should income is redistributed from the frugal and They consider terror-and terror is the car­ be remembered by all those who, like Sen­ energetic to the irresponsible and lazy, must buretor of the Communist engine-as a ator Pell, are willing to a.ban.don the Free be an immoral society. It must be a society means of inducing subjugation and reducing World piecemeal: devoid of a moral scheme in rewards. lneffl.clency or uncooperatlveness. Hence the "It ls one matter to defeat a nation by We see the outlines of such an immoral North Vietnamese Communists go to con­ mlllta.ry force, to plllage lt.s wealth, and to society 1n the welf'arism of our era. which siderable pains to inflict the most grotesque keep it under control, as, for instance, the has created a huge, sullen, dependent under tortures upon their victims, including live Nazis did during their occupation (of Estonia class that lives off the work and savings burial and the severing of ears, arms, and among other countries). Yet it is another of energetic, self-reliant citizens. noses. U.S. News & World Report for Janu­ matter to extend brutalities over a period of The end result of political redistribution ary 16, 1967, listed the official account of many yea.rs. of income, Mr. Rusthoven convincingly ex­ 96,500 separate acts of terrorism committed "The answer is rather simple. Methodical plains, would be the breakdown of liberty. by the Vietcong between 1962 and 1966; and brutality seeks to demorallze all opposition­ "Quite simply," he writes, "the fact is that during the same period the number of to bring a.n entire nation to its knees. Its 11586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 aim is to destroy that group of Estonians who to at lea.st 3,900,000 by 1959. The shocking number of victims of the CommunJst terror are the mainstay of nationa.l independence decline in Lithuania.'s population between in Red China at 31 mllUon to 1968. While and to make the people ma.llea.ble to ensuing 1939 and 1959 ls mainly the result of Soviet huge and ghastly, the figure ls not impossibly sovietiza.tion. and Nazi genocide. high. If memory serves, the New York Times "Accordingly, after Estonia. had been K.V. Taurus, author of Guerrilla Warfare published a figure of 14 million dead under brought to it.s 'knees• through terror, there On The Amber coast, published by Lithuan­ the Chinese Communist scourge by the remained .the task of remodeling the country ian Research Institute, 1962, concludes: early 19508, and the syndicated Alsops cited along Soviiet lines. "As the periphery of the free world ls a figure of 25 mllUon such liquldations over "One of the most heavy-handed methods eroded by incessant Soviet and Communist the same period. This was before the euphe­ used to accomplish this task ls reflected in Chinese manoeuvres, it would be well to mistically term "excesses" of Cha.1rman Mao's Est.onia.'s population statistics. According to remember that the west does not possess "cultural revolution." a. census conducted by the independent an endless supply of small nations, the CUba: Communist CUba has under Castro Estonl.a.n Government the population of the sacrifice of which some may unrealistically also projected itself into the arena of the country in 1934 was 1,126,413. In January, hope, will indefinitely postpone a confronta­ giants a.m.ong klllers a.nd exllers. Nearly one­ 1959, the la.test Soviet census gave the pop­ tion between the free world and a de­ tenth of the people of the lsla.nd-760,000 out ulation of Estonia as 1,197,000 (in full thou­ humanized totalitarianism which, in its of 8 mllUolll-have been driven into eXlle, sands). Broken down into national origin gratuitous and senseless power mania, can chiefly into the United States. This has been figures the stwtlstlcs are as follows: be called insa,ne." called the greatest mass migration in the "Estonians: Poland: Here, it may be recalled, ls the history of the Western Hemisphere. By April 1934, 992,370 (88.1 percent) . country in behalf of which World War II of 1969, according to a foreign diplomat in 1959, 873,000 (73.0 percent). was started in 1939 when Stalin and Hit\er Havana, 20,161 persons had been executed by Russians: divided it among themselves. In 1945 it was the Castro regime, and 2,820 had died of 1934, 92,656 (8.2 percent). effectively relinquished to Stalin in its en­ torture. By now the total figure must be close 1959, 260,000 (21.7 percent ). tirety by the Allies, led by the United to 25,000. Other thousands are imprisoned Others: States .... and under torture at this very moment only 1934, 41,397 (3.7 percent). The Peasant Party leader Stanislaw Miko­ ninety miles from our shores. 1959, 63,000 (5.3 percent). lajczyk was lucky to escape with his life in The doves of America should know the 1947. He fled to England, leaving the Polish vultures of the world have been feeding well "The number of Estonians has thus de­ regime in the hands of the quisling Com­ on the corpses of countries abandoned. to the creased by nearly 120,000 people in the 25- munists who have ever since ruled as Communists---or, more likely, countries de­ year interval between the two censuses. The obedient tools of the Soviets. It ls reported liberately hainded to them. But, as the Lithu­ reason for this population drop ls clear: that 205,000 Poles have been killed by the anian writer K. V. Taurus sa.ld, the world 1s purges, deportations, murders, refugees. Communists, but such a figure in a country running short of countries to sacrifice to the "At the same time, the number of Russians of nearly 30 million misses the essential insatiable Moloch of Communism. Very short, in Estonia has increased by 167,000. This point that millions have been acutely de­ Sena.tor Pell. Very short, indeed. figure does not include White Russians or prived in a land now run as an imperial Ukrainians. All t.old, over 240,000 people from colony for the benefit of another nation. the Soviet Union have 'migra..ted.' into The harassment of the people has been a Estonia. nightmare, resulting in a veritably infinite JOHN SANTANGELO NAMED TO Hungary: The total number of Hungarians loss of forward motion in all fields of life, UNITED NATIONS DAY COMMITTEE killed in the Communist bloodbath there ls including the right freely to worship God. estimated at 100,000, but this ls only an The 1943 klling of 8,000 to 10,000 Polish estimate, and it ls surely a conservative one. Army officers in Katyn Forest--by the Rus­ Hungarians in exile say that 50,000 youths HON. RONALD A. SARASIN sian Army on orders of Stalin-was but a OF CONNECTICUT were shipped to Siberia immediately after preview of Moscow's plans for Poland. the Communist-provoked revolt of 1956, in Romania: Whatever the Nixon Adminis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which perhaps 30,000 others died. tration may think about the "semi-independ­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 The ravlshlng of Hungary by the Soviets, ence" of Romania, the people of that country not once but several times and continuously, do not consider themselves liberated. The Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speak.er, distin­ ls a steady reminder that the predator na­ number of Romanians who lost their lives guished leaders of major industries and tions, expanding under the banners of com­ in the Communist takeover, which was labor unions are chosen each year to munism, are not guided in their manifest followed by the usual Red terror, has been serve on the National U.N. Day Commit­ destiny by the doves of Washington. Some put at 150,000. An unknown number of 500,000 Hungarians have been driven into tee. The objective of the committ.ee is to Romanians were sent to Russia to work 1n maintain an effective continuing pro­ exile in the Free World. mines and fields as slave laborers. Many died Latvia: The fate of Latvia has been exactly there. gram. of education and information about like that of Estonia. The Russians have The country's economy is securely hitched the United Nations and its goal of world colonized the country, so that the percentage to the Soviet milking machine, as are the peace and cooperation. of Latvians has fallen to 62 from 76 percent, economies of all the other Eastern European I was pleased to .learn that Mr. John while the Russian fraction has jumped from captive nations. Scali, U.S. Representative to the United 12 to 26.6 percent. Virtually no news comes The U .S.S.R.: Strangely, here in the Union Nations, has invited Mr. John Santan­ directly to the outside world from this cap­ of Soviet Socialist Republics, the home of the gelo to serve on the U.N. Day Committee. tive nation. Many thousands of its people hunter, the statistics on the bloodbath of have been seized and deported to Arctic Communism are so staggering as to make the Mr. Santangelo is one of the leading cit­ camps in Russia and Siberia. The communist mind reel. izens of the State of Connecticut and Russians, bound by no morality before God For instance, Point-Blank put the "total truly represents the ideals of success or man, in the United Nations or elsewhere, kill-count" at more than 32 million, Includ­ through the American system. As have given no accounting of their steward­ ing 9 million White Russians, 7 mllllon founder and president of Charlt.on Press ship as required by the Trusteeship Council Ukrainians. 7 million Cossacks, 5 million which is New England's largest letter because the Russians have simply annexed Byelorusslans, 1,022,000 Poles in the Soviet press printing plant, Mr. Santangelo ex­ Latvia. About 120,000 Latvians have been Union, 1,485,000 North Caucasians, 1,120,000 emplifies the promise of opportunity able to escape into exile. Turko-Tatars, and 500,000 Kalmuks. Lithuania: ls the largest of the three Baltic which brought our fathers to America. States annexed by the Soviets. It has a popu­ While these figures seem astronomical, Since his immigration to the United lation of 2,711,000, of whom 79.3 percent are they do not vary greatly from data offered States more than 50 years ago, Mr. San­ even by apologists for the Soviet regime. For Lithuanians. About 8.5 percent are Russians instance, the figure of 6 mllllon dead or extled tangelo, through rugged individualism and Poles, many of whom are "colonists." from the Ukraine during the collectivization and determination has built a thriving The Assembly of Captive European Nations drive of the 1930s was often cited by Walter business. reports of this oppressed victim of Com­ Duranty, the New York Times correspondent It is a deserved honor that Mr. San­ munist imperialism: in Moscow. A more recent student, Robert tangelo will serve on the National United "According to the Soviet census of Janu­ Conquest, believes 5.6 mllUon died of the Nations Day Committee in this year of ary 15, 1969, Lithuania had a population of Soviet-created "fa.mine" in the Ukraine, the 30th anniversary of the United Na­ 2,711,000, of which as many as 211,000 were while 10 million were driven into exile in Soviet colonists. Yet before World War II, other areas of the country, chiefly Siberia. tions. He is a citizen of the world through the autochthonous populat ion in this same Others say 1.2 million members of the Soviet his philanthropy to charities and causes area was 3,200,000. Since the average annual Communist Party were killed 1n the purges as far as Cheiti, Italy. He represents the birth rate of Lithua.nla.'s population has been of 1936-1939, when 25,000 to 35,000 military ideals of America and symbolizes the 11 per 1,000, under normal conditions the omcers were executed. commitment of the United Nations to population of Lithuania should have grown Communist China: Point-Blank puts the world peace and brotherhood. April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11587 POLL ON ENERGY At this point, Mr. Speaker, I would No33 like to add the results of their poll: Undecided 16 6. Should trash be recycled for energy and HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES OPINION POLL natural resources? [In percent] OF NEW JERSEY Yes85 You a.re to ask 10 people their opinions No6 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (yes, no, undecided) on each af the 10 ques­ Undecided 9 Wednesday, April 23, 1975 tions. 7. Should the world use atomic energy? 1. Should we use sola.r energy as a source Yes43 Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, I would of power? No33 like to take this opportunity to share the Yes83 Undecided 24 results with you and fellow Members of No8 8. Do you turn out lights when you are not the poll on energy conducted by the Undecided 9 in the room? 'fourth grade students of Mr. Charles 2. Do you want off-shore drilling for oll? Yes81 McCarty at Cape May City School. Yes36 No 15 No51 Undecided 4 These fourth graders decided in Feb­ Undecided 13 9. Is the President of the United Stat.es ruary that they would like to undertake 3. Should old ships be sunk otf shore of doing a good job? a poll to determine what their friends, Cape May to aid in preventing beach erosion? Yes36 parents, and neighbors think about some Yes52 No29 of the pressing energy issues. For 9- and No30 Undecided 35 10-year-olds, this was a very ambitious Undecided 18 10. Should we have an atom.le power plant project which they conducted v;ith a high 4. Should oU companies pay for on spills? in or nea.r Cape May? Yes90 Yes21 degree of expertise in a very scientific No2 No60 manner. They even decided to go as far Undecided 8 Undecided 19 es breaking down by percentages the 5. Is the energy crisis real? This is the actual poll used by the stu­ occupations of those individuals polled. Yes51 dents.

BACKGROUND DATA (Each person that you ask the 10 questions to, you should put down the following(

Years Approximate age Occupation (job) Where they live-street, city, State Male or female

Oto 9______1 percent______Civil employees, 3 percent______Cape May City, 85 perce~L------.------Female, 54 percent. 10 to 19 ______14 percent______Housewife, 27 percent______C~~~lMay County (outside Cape May City), 11 per- Male, 46 percent. 20 to 29 ____ ------____ 18 percent______Businessman, 4 percent______------30 to 39 ______27 percent______Students, 15 percenL------New Jersey(outside Cape May County), 2 percent. ••••• 40 to 49 •• __ • ______14 percent. ••• ____ ------••••• _.-----. __ ------•••• __ ---•• ------··------•• --•. ------• ---• ------• ------50 to 59 ______------10 percent.______------Utilities and trades, 3 percent. •• ------Outside New Jersey, 2 percent______60 and up 16 percent ~,i~?i01~1?f~1~~~~::: ~:: ~ ~ ::: :::::~~::~~~~ :~ ~~~~~ ~ :~~~~ ~~~~~~:::::::: :: :::: ::::::::::: ::::::::::

i~ifU~;:!Mlf~~:~~I), 5 percenL •••••••••••• ------~------~~tT/i~~~\!ate;~et percent:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

THE VIETNAM EVACUATION there is secondary obligation should be late, and some oppose our leaving. Let us attended to without further danger of leave the debate to historians because it death to our citizens, but by sensible use is evident that the exodus is now neces­ HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. of international machinery where our sary. OF INDIANA own logistical machinery falls short. There are those who have expressed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, first things first. tremendous concern for the military Wednesday, April 23, 1975 hardware left behind by the retreating Army of the Republic of Vietnam, but Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, the term have shown no concern for the remains "deja vu" is not an American term. But LEAVE NO AMERICAN BEHIND of those brave Americans that we are American history will note it is not exces­ leaving behind. I sincerely hope this body sive to say that a dozen years ago this will agree to express its desire to leave body was conned by the executive branch HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE no Americans behind. Our only shame re­ Into a Tonkin resolution which produced OF TEXAS garding Vietnam will come when we give an American tragedy. And then came IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up our desire to ascertain the fate of the perseverance to "peace with honor'' Wednesday, April 23, 197 5 1,700 Americans declared missing in ac­ which turned out to be peace with tion. honorarium. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to What is a 100-percent American term express my support of the amendment ,to Mr. ls that if they fool you once, it is their H.R. 6096 offered by MONTGOMERY. It IN MEMORIAM: BERYL CLARISSA fault. But if they fool you twice, it is is ·time this body expressed a positive con­ FRANCIS your fault. cern for our missing in action in South­ There is one other 100 percent Ameri­ east Asia. It is time for the return of the can term, and that is to put first thin.gs bodies of those American soldiers who HON. RON DE LUGO first, John Quincy Adams said it: gave the supreme sacrifice, yet have re­ OJ' THE VIRGIN ISLANDS mained unhonored. It is time we strive to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America does not go abroad in search of remove them from limbo. monsters to destroy. She 1s the vindicator Wednesday, April 23, 1975 and protector of her own people. H.R. 6096 shows our concern for the living. A nation's mettle is expressed by Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, I was Mr. Speaker, some of her people are in its show of concern for the living, but terribly saddened when I learned the danger now. that same quality is just as vivid in its other day of the sudden passing of Beryl And the first thing for this American honoring of the dead. Francis, a beloved and much respected Government to do is deliver them from The exodus from Vietnam is viewed educator and community leader from danger forthwith. When that first thing differently throughout this Nation. Some St. Croix. It is a deep personal loss that has been put first, then those to whom consider it shameful, some consider it too one who was so youthful, so vibrant, and 11588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 so dedicated to the lives of our young The unending assignments which she determine certain tollij unjust and unreason­ people could be so unexpectedly taken undertook able, and to prescribe wha.t rates would be Have earned her a page ln that great golden just and reasonable, and to provide such from us. book. Beryl Clarissa Francis was a remark­ equitable relief as may be necessary and In tribute let's show courage; she would just, now moves the Administrator to order able woman indeed. While a student at the Port Authority of New York and New Christiansted Senior High School, Beryl wish us to be strong. Let a better Virgin Islands be forever our Jersey to create an escrow account for the gained local fame as an all-around ath­ favorite song. receipt of revenue derived from the toll lete, excelling in track and field. Yet, her Beryl C. Francis we salute you with the increases complainant has alleged are unjust active involvement in outside activities deepest sense of pride. and unreasonable, on the grounds that: and interests was only just beginning. May God grant eternal rest to you in your 1. The creation of this account is the only Upon her graduation in 1943, Beryl be­ sojourn on his closer side. method by which it can be assured that the Relatives, friends, mourners, well-wishers all relief prayed for by complainant can be gan a 32-year career in education as an equitable fashioned in the event that the elementary school teacher in St. Croix. Remember, God plays a good hand when we throw Him the ball. tolls are determined to be unjust and un­ Beryl left the islands briefly to con­ reasonable, because the rates complained of tinue her education at New York Univer­ wm become effective May 5, 1975, and there sity, where she earned her bachelor of will not be a determination of the complaint science degree in education in 1956 and on its merits until after that date; her master of arts degree in early child­ MOTION FILED TO CREATE ESCRiOW 2. Creation of this account will facllitate hood education in 1961. She returned to ACCOUNT TO HOLD REVENUES the orderly and fair distribution of any the Virgin Islands in 1962, when she was FROM PORT AUTHORITY TOLL revenue derived from the collection of un­ INCREASE just tolls to the commuters that have paid appointed supervisor of kindergarten the unjust rates; and primary education for St. Croix. At 3. Creation of this account will hasten the time of her passing, she was complet­ HON. PET:f;R A. PEYSER the determination of this complainant on ing work on a doctorate in education OF NEW YORK the merits, since the Port Authority of New from NYU's extension program in San IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES York and New Jersey will not have the use Juan. of any revenue derived from unjust toll in­ Beryl was totally devoted to her com­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 creases, and hence, will have an incentive munity. Along with her considerable pro­ to settJe this complaint promptly; Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, on April 16, 4. Any interest gained on revenue deposited fessional responsibilities, she was also 1975, I fl.led a complaint with the Fed­ ln this account could pay for any adminis­ active in the political life of the Virgin eral Highway Administration, requesting trative costs which might be incurred in Islands. She served as the chairman of that the Administrator disallow the 50- printing and/or distributing receipts for tolls the St. Croix Board of Elections and as percent toll increase that the Port paid at unjust rates; the vice chairman of the Virgin Islands Authority of New York and New Jersey 5. Failure to create such an account will Joint Board of Elections. She was also recently announced. Frankly, I was still result in the unjust enrichment of the Port a member of the Caribbean Community Authority of New York and New Jersey at hoping at that time that the respective the expense of commuters who pay the un­ School Board, the Lutheran Welfare So­ Governors would veto this increase. It is just rates; <:iety's board of directors, the St. now apparent that they will not. 6. Creation of this account wlll not alter Patrick's Church Council, and the Com­ Therefore, today I have fl.led a motion the relative positions of the parties ln the munity Chorus. with the Administrator requesting that complaint; In her personal life, Beryl was equally he order the creation of an escrow ac­ 7. The Administrator has the authority devoted to her loving husband and her count for deposit of the moneys received to order the creation of this account pur­ ~hildren. A pillar of strength to her from this rate increase, pending a :final suant to h1s duties and obligations arising family, she even found time to play the determination of my complaint on its under the Bridge Act of 1906, as amended (33 U.S.C. 494) and his authority to grant -0rgan at St. Patrick's Catholic Church merits. relief pursuant to this statute. .and the Holy Trinity Church every Sun­ I am enclosing a copy of this motion, This motion is made and based on the day morning. and my reasons for fl.ling it, for the bene­ complaint filed with the Administrator on We are blessed when someone like fit of my colleagues: April 16, 1975• .Beryl Francis comes into our world, and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, PETER A. PEYSER. we are that much poorer when she so Washington, D.O., April 23, 1975. April 23, 1975. unexpectedly leaves us. She remains, Hon. NORBERT T. TIEMANN, .however, a shining light to all of us. Administrator, Federal Highway Administra­ The following poem was written by tion, Washington, D.O. DEAR Ma. Tn:MANN: On April 16, 1975, I WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON LI­ Oera.ld E. Hodge, Sr., St. Thomas, U.S. filed. a. complaint with you pursuant to the BRARY AND INFORMATION SERV­ ' Virgin Islands, in loving memory of the Bridge Act of 1906, as amended (33 USC ICF.8 1ate Beryl C. Francis: 494), to determine that toll increases pro­ To WHAT END posed by the Port Authority of New York (By Gerald E. Hodge, Sr.) and New Jersey are unreasonable and unjust, HON. DONALD M. FRASER to prescribe what rates may be -reasonable OF MINNESOTA "Did someone say "a new beginning"? and Just under the circumstances, and to And should lt end in the first inning order a compensatory repayment of any un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "For one so devoted, so loyal, so true just rates which may be paid if the higher Wednesday, April 23, 1975 Who seemed always to know when and Just rates go into effect ln the interim. what todo; It ls apparent tha.t the rate increases w111 Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in Decem­ One who arduously worked most unceasingly be implemented on May 5, before the com­ ber of 1974 President Ford signed into For her beloved Virgin Islands community? plaint ls decided on its merits. Accordingly, law Senate Joint Resolution 40. This res­ Did this slogan we heard represent a new era I am today requesting, pursuant to the olution, now Public Law 93-568, author­ "That we were expected to toast with attached motion, that you order the Port izes the President to call a White House champagne and madeira, _ Authority of New York and New Jersey to Conference on Library and Information Then before we get down to the big task create an escrow account for the deposit of revenue derived from the toll increase. Services not later than 1978. Although ahead ' the conference would not be immediately "Find indispensable loved ones, dispensable It ls obvtous to me that you have this authority by virtue of the Bridge Act of convened, its success would be contingent and dead? 1906, as amended, and I therefore urge you upon a great deal of preparatory plan­ Sure there must be a reason we can't see to act expeditiously to grant this motion. ning. I would urge the President to issue right now. Sincerely, Let's praise God ln his wisdom; He'll show a call for the conference as soon as pos­ PETER A. PEYSER, us somehow. sible, for such a call would allow the Member of Congress. planning process to begin and would be a ·The challenge now greater, the task has MOTION FOR THE CREATION OF AN ESCROW major step toward the realization of the begun; conference's potential benefits. I have Without her assistance the job must be done. ACCOUNT We all can take pride in the roles she has Peter A. Peyser, complainant in a com­ written a letter to President Ford ex­ played, plaint brought before the Administrator pressing these sentiments. This letter, .As we recall knowingly the contributions April 16, 1975, pursuant to Title 49, C.F.R., along with two letters from Directors of she's made. Part 310, requesting the Admlnlstra.tor to Minnesota library centers, follows: April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11589 MINNEAPOLIS PuBLIC LIBRARY AND mission on Libraries and Information Science, profits and a less than enthusiastic in­ INFORMATION CENTER, could be used to examine the very same is­ clination to invest them in exploration Minneapolis, Minn., April 9, 1975. sues and problems the Conference would be for and development of new gas sup­ Re: White House Conference on Library and charged to look into. Information Services (PL 93-568). Both of these objections involve legitimate plies. Congressman DONALD M. FRASER, concerns. Both, however, fail to take into I insert reporter Frank Van Dusen's U.S. House of Representatives, account the underlying needs which engen­ article at this point in full: Washington, D.C. dered the legislation. [From the Atlantic City Press, Apr. 18, 1975} DEAR CONGRESSMAN FRASER: The library If the expense of the conferences is weighed PROFIT-HUNGRY INDUSTRY WILL EAT ANY community has been advised that the next against the long-term benefits of the con­ NATURAL GAS PRICE HIKE, JACOBSON WARNS step to be ta.ken relating to this White House ferences, there seems to me to be very little Conference ls for the President to call the question as to the desirability of convening (By Frank Van Dusen) conference. them. An informed citizenry is the indispen­ TRENTON.-Public Utility Commissioner When he was serving as House Minor!ty sable bedrock of democracy. Our society can Joel R. Jacobson has issued the Byrne Ad­ Leader in 1973, Gerald R. Ford was one of 111-a.fford to proceed in ad hoc fashion as it ministration's sharpest attack to date on the the sponsors of the conference resolution attempts to assess the implications of new oil-gas industry's involvement in the nat­ and as President he signed the measure into technologies and ever-proliferating informa­ ural gas shortage. law in December 1974. tion, to coordinate disparate planning proc­ Jacobson, a Byrne appointee, in a 22-page Obviously this conference is a. minor con­ esses, and to structure local and national document ca.me out strongly against a Ford cern of the President at this time so that priorities. The White House Conference would Administration proposal to deregulate the we feel tt is necessary to ask our congress­ represent a critical first step a.way from ad price of natural gas so that higher gas prices men to write to the President urging him to hoc planning and toward a more systematic, would result in more funds for exploration. call the conference now. Even though the forward-looking approach. He said that gas price raises in the past conference need not be held until 1978 the The Department of Health, Education, and did not go to further exploration but rather call must be made at once so that the inter­ Welfare has proposed that the Conference towards diversifl.cation, as gas companies vening time can be used for planning. would duplicate both the responsiblllties of deliberately tried to restrict the flow of gas Once a.gain we express our appreciation the National Commission on Libraries and to shortage-plagued areas like South Jersey. for your concern and assistance relating to Information Science and the potential role Jacobson said Transcontinental Gas Co., library matters. of "existing channels in the field, le: pro­ which supplies virtually all the natural gas Sincerely yours, fessional associations, meetings of civic to South Jersey Gas Co. has had rising profits MARY L. DY AR, groups, and governmental and legislative despite the shortage and is investing its Interim Director. processes at all levels" (letter from Secre­ money into new industries rather than tary Weinberger to Chairman Perkins, De­ exploration for new gas. HENNEPIN COUNTY LIBRARY, cember 4, 1973) . To adopt this line of rea­ "Activities of Transco subsidiaries hardly Edina, Minn., April 4, 1975. soning is to overlook the limitations of exis­ lend credence to the increased-supply effort Hon. DoNALD M. FRASER, tent forums. Dr. Frederick Burkhardt, Chair­ argument either," Jacobson said. "One com­ Longworth Office Building, man of the National Commission on Li­ pany has an interest in microwave commu­ Washington, D.C. braries and Information Science, directly nications system with IT&T; another is in­ DEAR DoN: Public Law 93-568 calls for a. addressed this issue in testimony before the vestigating the possibility of using existing White House Conference on Library and In­ House Education and Labor Committee: pipelines to transport cargo such as mall forination Services. The conference of course "The National Commission on Libraries and parcels. cannot take place until President Ford has and Information Science has listened with "Just as surely as these ventures will actually issued the call for such a. confer­ ca.re to statements of organizations and agen­ swell Tra.nsco's profits, is the probab111ty ence. Although President Ford was one of the cies within the information and library com­ th81t the consumer will end up subsidizing sponsors of the White House Conference res- munity. These associations, groups, and orga­ these ventures thq:>Ugh increased rates." 01 ution while he was st111 serving as the nizations have given careful attention to the Although gas company officials charged House minority leader in 1973, and while he problems that beset them and the public that the price of natural gas is kept arti­ did sign the measure into law la.st Decem­ they serve. However, a. White House Confer­ ficially low due to price regulation by the ber, the call has not yet come for the Confer­ ence ... would go further ·and deeper into Federal Power Commission, Jacobson said ence and therefore planning cannot begin. the problems by offering an ideal oppor­ Transco's profits have been going up even I realize that the President is extremely tunity for the needs of all users of informa­ though the company has been suffering seri­ involved with many very important issues tion to become known and understood. Other ous gas supply shol'ltfalls during the winter of national security and economic problems, White House conferences have discovered months. but would urge that a call for the White that the •grass roots' viewpoint can wipe "Actually Transco is doing quite well with­ House Conference on Library and Informa­ a.way outmoded practices and substitute a out deregulation and without a higher cell­ tion Services be issued so that the prelimi­ fresh outlook, including entirely new ways ing price for natural gas. Bowen (Transco nary planning can begin. Without the call, of dealing with current needs." President and Chief Executive Officer) an­ we will be losing valuable planning time and Even though the Conference is not antic­ nounced during his April 9 address that no conference 1,s actually anticipated until ipated untll 1978, essential groundwork Transco's first quarter earnings this year approximately 1978. I would ask your support must be la.id in the interim. Only a. call from were up 16 cents per share over the com­ in urging the White House to issue the call your office will enable this process to begin. parable 1974 period." for the Conference so that the planning can I encourage you to issue such a. call as soon Jacobson also reiterated the familiar begin. as possible. charge that the natural gas shortage is arti­ Your long history of support for library Thank you for your consideration. ficial, because drllllng companies a.re not development and the improvement of in­ With best wishes. pumping all the gas available. formation services to the public is deeply Sincerely, "Citgo operates six wells on Platform. appreciated and I would hope that your con­ DONALD M. FRASER, A-76 (in the Gulf of Mexico) that account tinuing interest in this area would warrant for over 3 per cent of Tra.nsco's gas sup­ your making this request to the White House. ply. Between September 1970 and Jan. 20, Sincerely yours, 1975, Citgo closed down this platform for the ROBERT H. ROHLF. Director. replacement of corroded pipes, causing PROFIT-HUNGRY INDUSTRY WILL Transco to increase its curtallments during HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EAT ANY NATURAL GAS PRICE the winter-peak sea.son. Washington, D.C., April 22, 1975. HIKE, JACOBSON WARNS "What is dJsturb1ng about this develop­ Hon. GERALD R. FORD, ment is the fact that Citgo had previous President of the United States, knowledge of the corrosion problem on THE WHITE HOUSE, HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES A-76. On April 16, 1974,, Cities Service formal­ Washington, D.C. OF NEW JERSEY ly told Transco of the impending 60-da.y DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: It has come to my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES summer shut-down to permit the wells to attention that planning for the White House come back on line in the 1974-75 winter Conference on Library and information Sen­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 heating sea.son." ices (as authorized by PL. 93-568) cannot Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, Public However, Citgo delayed the repairs un­ proceed without a Presidential calt for the til mid-September 1974 the beginning of Conference. I strongly urge you to issue such Utility Commissioner Joel R. Jacobson, a consumer watchdog in my State of the peak deinand sea.son." a call. Jacobson added that there a.re 168 "shut­ To my knowledge, two arguments might be New Jersey, recently discussed natural in" nonproducing, privately held leases in raised against calling a conference at this gas deregulation and its effect on utilit.y time. First, the state of the economy mili­ the Gulf of Mexico, according to a U.S. Geo­ tates against the kind of expenditures the prices in an interview with the Trenton logical· Survey ordered during last winter's series of state conferences and the White bureau chief of the Atlantic City Press. gas shortages. House Conference would entail. Second, exist­ Commissioner Jacobson makes some · "These were signifl.ca.nt quantities when ing forums, particularly the National Com- timely comments in regard to corporate one realizes that the proved reserve alone 11590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 without including the probable reserves, the communists. Phnom Penh's future is still confidence of the president. And major fig­ a.mount to more than two-a.nd-a.-ha.lf times uncertain, but there is a sense of relief with ures among Democrats and Republicans who the entire estimated shortfall of the 1974-76 the end of the fighting. are critical of Kissinger seem to have no al­ heating season. Marshal Lon Nol fled Phnom Penh be­ ternative to hls basic foreign policies other "Of these 168 leases, 108 have been shut-in fore the end came, and as the insurgents than returning the U.S. to the days of the for more than five yea.rs," Jacobson said. were moving in, Sydney Schanberg of the Cold War. Jacobson charged that arguments that call New York Times, one of the few western Yet the talk of Kissinger's resignation for natural gas to be priced higher in order newsmen to remain, reported on cable in· seems to be getting serious. White House to be similar to prices for coal and oil a.re qu1r1es about $1 milllon supposed to be pa.id sources leak suggestions that there may be fallacious because oil companies were buying to Lon Nol in sanctuary. an appointment of a. new national security up coal, nuclear and even geothermal re­ That small episode is but symptomatic of adviser to "balance" Kissinger's influence. sources in order to a.rtificia.lly inflate profits, the fine madness of our policies toward Cam­ And leading lawmakers are suddenly hostile not to increase supply. bodia. that have now helped bring a.bout the to Kissinger. He explained that when the Federal Power tragic results. The reasons for Kissinger'& problems go Commission did a.now gas price increase, the Cambodia. was a country of relative peace, beyond what's happening in Southeast Asia, supply did not increase. great beauty, and considerable natural wealth which has been seen as inevitable for a long "Despite the FPC's granting of a greater before American foreign policy decreed in time, or the Middle East, where Kissinger i;han 150 per cent increase in the wellhead 1970 that we would use it in our struggle to made a valiant effort, the best attempt to price of natural gas within a few yea.rs, the prop up the South Vietnamese against the date. The reasons go deeper and back a.t least anticipated new supplies never arrived," North Vietnamese. as far as that course he taught. ja.cobson said. What we did by our actions was to create He presided over the seminar with Morton The PUC Commissioner said that he was a. second civil war in Southeast Asia. out of Halperin, then a young assistant professor not against profits per se. one we should not have been involved in who was to become a top Kissinger aide on "I am not opposed to healthy and reason­ to begin with. Richard Nixon's National Security Council. able profit margins by corporations in a. com­ Now we must face the fall of Phnom Penh With Halperin playing the straight man, petitive environment," he said, but charged more in sorrow than in anger, and under­ Kissinger talked, quietly, brilliantly and at that a competitive environment wa.s not stand the realities of our misguided actions length, with the same touches of insight, what petroleum companies want. and policies. humor and teutonic arrogance for which he Jacobson said deregulation was being pro­ Short of creating a nuclear holocaust, we has since become famous. moted by the energy companies to further cannot work our wm on a.II the peoples of And around that long table at Harvard's restrict competition. the world. We will lose and others will suf­ Littauer Building, the students, even those "Deregulation is the vehicle by which the fer when we try to "use" people and coun­ who deeply disagreed with him, listened with petroleum industry wm a.mass, if permitted tries as we did in Cambodia. For whatever the same fascination that for a long time in to, obscene profits and ca.use irreparable the reasons, we have been woefully la.cklng Washlngton has captured presidents, l~w­ ha.:i;m to our nation's consuming public and in a rational understanding of the politics makers and the press. the nation's economy. of Asia. Our lllusion.s--now so shattered­ SECRET OF SUCCESS "We must realize that corporate interest date back to the era when American for­ and public welfare are not synonymous, and eign policy supported Chiang Ka.i-shek a.t Kissinger had just left the Kennedy ad­ that it ls essential to maintain some control all costs; we were at any moment going to ministration after a brief stint as a part­ over the insatiable corporate appetite for unleash him to reconquer ma.inland China.. time consultant and was then aoting as an profit." With the war in neighboring Vietnam adviser on foreign policy for his old friend, now going almost as equally against the Nelson Rockefeller, who had an eye on the Jacobson outlined several measures a.t the 1964 presidential election. Stlll Kissinger national level to foster competition between Thieu reghne as it did against Lon Nol, the United States must begin a sober and care­ loved to ridicule the academics then catching energy companies and prevent artificial the Boston-Washington shuttle for trying to shortages: • ful reassessment of American foreign policy. That is what many expected President wear two ha.ts. And Kissinger was warning Passage of proposed antitrust legislation of the dangers in the deepening American forbiddlng energy companies to assemble Ford to do prior to his State of the World address to Congress last week. The presi­ involvement in Vietnam. vertical trust in several resources and forc­ It was not that Kissinger opposed taklng a ing them to invest in only one resource like dent, however, seems to continue to cling to the old lllusions--just a. few hundred stand against communism in Southeast Asie. coal or oll or nuclear energy, not a.11 three. or anywhere else. Rather, he had a world Leases or government owned land or more millions and there will be light a.t the end of the tunnel yet. view of how American power ought to be ocean bottom should have restrictions forc­ used-to comba.t communism for other pur­ ing production on threat of cancelation of There ls no light. There is not even a tunnel for our interests, expressed as we poses. This was the secret of his success, lease. what separated him from other policy makers Extension of Federal Power Commission have expressed them, in Southeast Asia.. There probably never was a cha.nee that we and his predecessors when he ca.me to Wash­ price regulation to the intra.state market could win a. limited land war in Asia.; a ington. He had a. concept of what the world where Jacobson charged energy companies skillful, more humane and less demanding should look like and where the U.S. should sold gas from their drilling company subsid­ diplomacy might have changed the course be going. iaries to their oil refinery subsidiaries to in­ of events. Kissinger had become popular among po­ flate prices. Mr. Ford continues, however, to see litical scientists, defense specialists and with­ Natural gas should not be used for pur­ phantoms: He suggested Wednesday that in government as a result of his book, "Nu­ poses like boiler fuel in electric plants where Saigon may fall because the Soviet Union clear Weapons and Foreign Policy," which alternative energy resources like coal or oil and China had the will to win while we did was a subtle and profound argument for a.re adequate. not. That is too pat, to simpltstic. using weaponry-nuclear and non-nuclear­ We have had decades of disastrous for­ ratlonally, in accordance with political and eign poltcy toward Asia., and especially diplomatic policy. But a more obscure book, Southeast Asta. We need now, even as we which formed the core of Henry Kissinger's thinking, was called "A World Restored,'' a FALL OF CAMBODIA STRESSES NEED react to the events unfolding in that trou­ bled, wounded part of the world, to define description of the balance of power systems TO REVISE U.S. POLICY new policies, new ways of dealing with the between 1814 and 1914. rest of the world that are both more realis­ A GENERATION OF PEACE HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. tic and more in keeping with the humane What Kissinger has sought ever since is a. ideals of American democracy than we OF MICHIGAN restoration of "A World Restored,'' a modern have shown in the policies that falled us relationship among the five great power cen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the cause of freedom so badly in Cam­ ters--the Soviet Union, Communist China, Wednesday, April 23, 1975 bodia and Vietnam. Japan and Western Europe--whlch would keep the peace for at least a generation if Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, I wish t.o [From the Detroit Free Press, Apr. 19, 19751 not for 100 years. bring to the attention of my colleagues THE DECLINE OF KISSINGER'S WORLD PLAN It sounds neat eno-qgh but in the 20th two items: One is a very thoughtful edi­ (By Saul Friedman) Century, such a. balance of powers imposing torial from the Detroit Free Press of peace would mean keeping the lid on the WASHXNGTON.-I was one of Henry Kiss­ status quo, employing economic and military April 18-the second is an excellent col­ inger's admiring students in 1962-63 when aid, pa.lllatlve reforms, internal subversion, umn by Saul Freidman appearing in the he was teaching his popular Harvard seminar political and economic pres.sure, overt force Knight newspapers. on defense and foreign policies. And per­ or whatever may be necessary to keep the haps a couple of personal recollections might partners as well as upstart outsiders in line. The material follows: help explain why the world of Henry Kiss­ [From the Detro.it Free Press, Apr. 18, 1974] In response to a. student's question, Kis­ inger is suddenly falling apart. singer once acknowledged, candidly and with FALL OF CAMBODIA STRESSES NEED To REvlsE Kissinger ls stlll admired by the American a smlle, that his concepts and bis approach U.S. POLICY people and respected by leaders of the So­ to foreign affairs would have been more ap­ And so, as was inevitable, Phnom Penh viet Union, China. and most of the Western propriate in the 19th Century. has fallen and Cambodia. is in the hands of World. He appears to have the continued Kissinger has a background in the German April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11591 "Realpolitik" tracUtlon, which sees the value is responsible for whatever is done by the for the oppressed Jews of the Soviet of a. strong state a.nd a. "central authority" platoon. Union. (his phrase) in the conduct of foreign af­ The fighting in Southeast Asia did not have fairs. He 1s closer to Bismark than Jefferson, to be the long, agonizing, slow death it be­ The theme of solidarity was reinforced which is why he ha.s a.n obsession for secrecy came. Just as the fighting in Korea did not by the participation of a cross section of a.nd one-ma.n shows and considers Congress have to divide that country so tragically and the religious community. Reading a mes­ a.n intruder. These Kissinger cha.ra.cterlstics, with consequences that will most surely make sage from Cardinal Cooke, Sister Anne which a.re necessary for his policies, a.re that land the next scene of action. Gillen, a member of the Interracial Task among the rea.l reasons he's in trouble. Nor did the Cuba fiasco have to conclude Force on Soviet Jewry, stated- More important Kissinger's view of the with such local and long-range effects as It is fitting we should join with our Jewish world is collapsing because he sought to put have followed throughout all of La.tin Amer­ friends and neighbors on behalf of Soviet something together in this era. which didn't ica in the yea.rs since we permited Commu­ Jews and other persons who a.re denied their really work tha.t well in that other time. nism to gain a beachhead in the New World. civil rights in the Soviet Union. Their strug­ Kissinger's "World Restored" makes little Nor was the Berlin Wall necessary. Nor gle is our struggle. mention of the European revolutionary Hungary. movements of 1848, the rise of Marxism, the We have avoided our responsibilities in The plight of Soviet Jews is not one economic problems a.nd all the elements tha.t lesser crises and these have led to larger which has just recently gained the public led to all the explosions we've been hearing crises in which we have found it progressively eye. It has been long known that the So­ since World Wa.r I. easier to avoid our responsibilities. Just after World War I, America was Now we stand a.t the threshold of the viet Union has carried out a deliberate touched by the first small ripples in the final test and there is no reason--a.bsolutely policy to deprive Jews, and other reli­ tidal wa.ve of the 20th Century nationalism no reason-to believe that we will have the gious groups, of their basic civil liberties. a.nd rebellion. One of Kissinger's predecessors wlll, the character or the courage to meet it. Attempts have been made to prevent par­ heard from a. young Indo-Chinese named In a. single day, as this editorial was being ents from teaching their children the Nguyen Ai Quac, who wrote Secretary of written, the sentiment, "the kllling must faiths of their fathers. Jews have at State Robert Lansing, on June 18, 1919: "We stop so the world can have peace," came varying times, found it impossibl~ to count on your great kindness to honor our across the editor's desk at least four times. appeal by your support. Since the victory of This opinion was expressed in an editorial print religious texts necessary to the ob­ the Allies, all subject peoples are frantic in the local paper, in a letter to the editor servance of their faith. with hope at the prospect of an era of right in the same paper, in a. report of a meeting Yet, when Jews, and others, have at­ and justice which should begin for them." of the Presbytery of Norfolk (PCUS), and in tempted to gain permission to leave the The letter writer, whose pleas were ignored a letter to the Journal. In the prevalence Soviet Union, they have found that offi­ until he turned to armed rebellion, even­ of that opinion, the success achieved by the cial Soviet policy is to make it as diffi­ tually changed his na.me to Ho Chi Minh. enemies of freedom stands dramatically re­ cult as humanly possible to leave; "secret vealed. agreements" notwithstanding. Jews who To say, "the kllling must stop so the world can have peace," is like saying, "those painful have applied for exit visas not only find themselves unable to secure those elusive WE THE cobalt treatments against cancer must stop SURRENDERED HALF so you can get relief from the pain." Because documents, but often find themselves out WORLD TO HORROR we have been unwilling to recognize the con­ of their jobs, as well. test against Communism as a fight to the Driven by these impossible circum­ finish between slavery a.nd freedom, mil­ stances to protest their plight, Soviet HON. GENE SNYDER lions are even now reaching their finish in OP KENTUCKY Jews find themselves caught in a trap as slavery. And we did it. We? That's not quite And IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES accurate, for some of us tried to stem the they are made political prisoners. liberal tide. political prisoners in the Soviet Union Wednesday, April 23, 1975 Why have we contributed to misery and soon discover that prison is a place to be Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, we can­ death for multiplied mlllions during the past avoided at almost any cost. not hide from the world our continuing two and a half decades? Because our opinion One such prisoner, Eduard Kuznetsov, foreign policy failures. The loss of South makers have been on the side of the enemy. a Jew, recently managed to smuggle a Vietnam and Cambodia to the forces of Those through whose hands the news has diary out of prison, at great risk to him­ been permitted to filter; those whose voices self, since he is not only still in the Soviet the world Communist movement is not on radio and TV have been heard for 25 inconsistent. Our action, or inaction years; those whose influence has been felt Union, but still in prison. The diary, soon there, simply parallels what we did or did in the streets and in the violence that has to be published in London under the title not do in relation to every other country disturbed our own peace; those who have of "Prison Diaries," recounts Kuznetsov's that today groans under the heavy yoke guided the Churches a.nd other representa­ experiences within the Soviet prison sys­ of Communist control. Our former col­ tives of the moral conscience of the people­ tem. Below are several excerpts from league, Dr. Walter H. Judd, summed up all have stood a.t the side of our enemies. the book, illustrating the type of justice our disastrous policy years ago : After World War II it became the fashion that dissidents within the U.S.S.R. can to speak of the shame of the Churches for expect. I commend these excerpts to my We have tried to make friends out of our not having stood against the Nazi horror. enemies by making enemies out of our We wonder if future historians will not re­ colleagues in the hope that they may be­ friends. cord that the shame of America's Churches c~me aware of just what kind of fruit detente can bear. An editorial in the Presbyterian Jour­ during the middle yea.rs of the 20th century makes that of German Christians pale into EXCERPTS nal for April 2, 1975 comments on our insignificance. 20TH JULY many losses to the Communist forces For we surrendered half the world to horror. According to a law passed in 1969, convicts with an incisiveness comparable to that who have served a third of their term, must of Dr. Judd. I want to call to the atten­ be kept in normal (i.e. open) barracks, and tion of my colleagues this editorial en­ not in cells. When Berger asked him, at work titled, "Half the World Going, Going, SOLIDARITY SUNDAY CELEBRATED today why this law was being broken, Kol­ Gone.'' IN NEW YORK CITY ga.tin said ours was a special regime ca.mp The editorial follows: and we had our own laws. Rudenko 1 himself knew a.bout it, he said, so everything was all HALF THE WORLD GOING ••• GOING ••• GONE right(!) The last word on the disaster shaping up HON. MARIO BIAGGI OF NEW YORK At my place of work in Riga I could not get in Southeast Asia has not yet been written the reference I needed: I hadn't been work­ and will not be written for a long time yet. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing there long enough, they told me. I went But as almost half the world comes under to Moscow, then to Strunino, as r thought Communist domination (or imminent Weanesday, April 23, 1975 threat), it will become clearer to the rest of I had surely worked there long enough by Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, Sunday, now to be eligible for this necessary bit of the world what the United States has done. April 14, was the occasion of the third The defense of the whole world does not, paper. When I told the chief personnel of­ of course, rest in the hands of the U.S. a.lone. annual Solidarity Sunday, held on behalf ficer I had come all the way from Riga es­ It never has. But the nation which was once of the Jews of the Soviet Union under the pecially for this reference, he was dumb­ the most powerful on earth has been like the auspices of the Greater New York Con­ founded and said they could easily have sent leader of a platoon in combat. While the ference on Soviet Jewry. New York City leader does not do all the ftghting ( or neces­ police estimated that over 100,000 people 1 USSR Procurator-General. Was chief sarily any of it, for that matter), he certainly braved the cold to express their support prosecutor at Nuremburg trials. 11592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975

it to me by post. "The trouble is that the NATIONAL MAGAZINE FALLS FOR RADICAL water rights for their irrigable land. The institution which is asking for a reference NAVAJO LINE Jicarillas have never been farmers and the insists it should say on it, 'For emigration (By Mark Acuff) small amount of potentially irrigable land and permanent residence in Israel'." (The they have ts near the bottom in seniority reason for this incidentally is quite simple-­ For some time now we've had a residual for water rights under New Mexico law. the reference as such is not particularly dif­ admiration for the Nation, America's oldest Some Navajos apparently want to claim the flcul t to obtain.) I shall not bother to de­ weekly Journal of opinion, founded in 1865. entire flow of the San Juan, citing the Win­ scribe the reaction of the personnel officer But in recent yea.rs we've been irked more ters Doctrine. No court has ever agreed with to this, only that I was ordered to appear the and more by the maga.zine's propensity for such a fatuous notion. Reno quotes "noted next day before the chairman of the factory publication of ill-researched knee-Jerk arti­ water rtghts attorney W1111am Veeder" to the committee, who, after asking me a whole cles on the natural resource and downtrodden effect that the entire Colorado drainage sys­ series of stupid questions like, "Why are you Indian problems of the west. tem is over appropriated, which everybody going to Israel?" and, "What are you going It has long been a. truism among free­ already knew. Veeder may be noted, indeed, to do when you get there?" suddenly caught lance writers in these parts that if you want but he is noted as stark raving crazy by me unawares when he asked me, "What to sell an article to the eastern press, find nearly every other professional water lawyer yourself a downtrodden Indian and you a.re would happen if tomorrow my son was sent in the west. Veeder may in fact have done to fight for the Arabs: what would you do-­ home free. We're guilty of it ourselves. Some­ more to damage Indian water rights than shoot him?" I felt there was nothing I could times you can sell the same downtrodden In­ any man living, merely by screwing up liti­ do but answer him in kind: "Oh, has your dian yarn to several publications. gation with nutba.11 arguments and outland­ son come back from Czechoslovakia already?" But the Nation has turned out to be more ish schemes. New Mexico's doctrine of prior I didn't get the reference, need I say. gullible than most, a. point driven home re­ appropriation in regard to establishment of cently by the arrival of their March 29 issue, 27TH SEPTEMBER water rights is highly beneficial to the containing a marvelously inventive piece by Pueblos and Veeder wants to throw it out The same but worse. I never expected to one Philip Reno, an alleged teacher of eco­ the window. have to swallow any medicine. You can only nomics at Navajo Community College. People like Reno apparently think water get a diagnosis in the hospital (i.e. in camp Reno is a blatant partisan of the radical used for such things as the gasification 3) as there is no laboratory or x-ray ma.chine Navajo viewpoint, a fact obvious to those of plants is being stolen from the Indians. In or proper doctor here. People can cry out in us in the vicinity, but to a New York editor fa.ct, if the Navajos do not use the San Juan pain for months before they're taken to the all Indians look alike and only the radicals water allotted to them annually, it just goes hospital, which isn't all that much help are heard from. down the river. They ought to get some bene­ when you get to it. Taba.kov said if the pains Reno's thesis is the same old stuff: the (at last he seems to believe I get them) don't "high dry and penniless" Navajos are pros­ fit from it. Reno seems to think they can stop, he'll (perhaps) send me to the hospital store it someplace and use it 10 years from trate before the Monopolistic Corporations now. in February or March. and the fangs of various bureaucrats who Then along come engaging people like Peter 4TH OCTOBER want to take away their water rights, mine Montague, a. professional meddler in local My patience is at an end. I've been sick out their energy resources, pay the Indians environmental questions who generally suf­ all day, gritting my teeth from pain, and nothing and ruin their valuable culture while fers from an inahllity to get the facts straight hardly able to wait for the working day to at it. . before launching new tirades. end, and for Tabakov to appear as though Reno takes the value of Navajo culture as This time he added up his sums and man­ revealed truth, apparently, including their aged to invert the figures for diversion and he were the magical liberator of all woes alleged right to continue to decimate their (such is the power of the white gown-when consumptive use on the San Juan, coming up you're wracked with pa.in you forget who's reservation lands. A century of sheep grazing with a deficit so much larger than the actual in it!). He shoved three tablets into my has reduced formerly productive land to des­ allocation that the state engineer was heard extended palm, this time in a. wrapping which ert. Yet this is supposed to have something to comment that the Navajos would have to to do with the sacred Navajo way of life. import the deficit. The Journal actually re­ read "enteroseptol". (No wonder we're for­ We didn't know sheep were invented by the bidden to have medical or reference books.) ported this as news. Navajos. For some reason, we've been la­ Reno and others of similar persuasion are Had he not slammed shut the food-hatch boring under the impression that this partic­ in time, I would probably have slung some fond of comparing the long delays in devel­ ular pest was imported from Europe. Like~ oping the Navajo Irrigation Project to the bolling water at him. I know enough about wise blanket weaving and sllversmithing, medicine to know that enteroseptol is pre­ rapidity with which the San Juan-Cha.ma two 'crafts usually thought of as "Navajo" Project came to be. It is true that the NIP sorlbed for children's diarrhea, dyspepsia are in fa.ct of European origin. and similar complaints. And he prescribed it has been long in developing, but that is What real traditions and customs the partly because it has been something of a as a sedative! As from tomorrow I'm going Navajos have are descended from the original to declare a hunger-strike. boondoggle all along. Clinton Anderson was Athabaskan stock which divided into the never really convinced it was a reasonable various Apache and Navajo groups extant scheme, and supported it only as tra.deoff for today. Some of the traditions, such as slavery, other projects. pillaging the Pueblos, and that sort of thing The San Juan-Chama was immedia,tely NATIONAL MAGAZINE FALLS FOR are not in vogue at the moment. feasible because the water is committed to RADICAL NAVAJO LINE The Navajos are plagued by overpopula­ existing users on already developed land. The tion, overgrtWJ.ng and nutball political move­ NIP will irriga. te all new land, which has to ments, such as the crazy stunt which drove be cleared, leveled, and prepared for irriga­ HON. SAM STEIGER 400 Jobs off the reservation recently. Ap­ tion, at a cost of up to $500 an acre. Some OF ARIZONA parently nobody is interested in doing any­ $25 million a year actually is now being put thing about these real 'impediments to solu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into the NIP. And that's a pretty fair amount tion of problems. Instead, the emphasis in in these depressed times. Wednesday, April 23, 1975 the Reno-like outlook is on mythology and The Navajos in effect waived their Winters conspiracy theories. Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, Doctrine rights in return for 110,000 a.ere feet It now appears that the coal gasification of water rights without litigation. But Win­ for years I have spoken out against i!re­ plants promising to bring about $3 million ters Doctrine rights have been held repeat­ sponsible reporting in the mass media. I in immediate new investment to the reser­ edly by the courts to amount to what water am especially perturbed by those editors vation are going to be scuttled, not for sound the Indians can put to "practical use"-not who seem to print anything that comes environmental reasons, but due to mythology a ca.rte blanche for any wild scheme. over their desks, regardless of its value, and conspiracy theories. The Navajos, however, are unable to use and regardless of whether or not the facts "Survival for the Indian comes down to all their water rights, and will remain unable have been thoroughly checked and are the relationship between life and land," says to do so for some time at least until the NIP Reno. And that, of course, requires an ade­ is farther along. In the meantime they can accurate. quate resource base to put the land to use benefit to some extent by selling the unused An article on the "plight" of the Nav­ and save the culture. water to coal gasification plants, which have ajo Indian which appeared in the publi­ That's where the discussion launches off a limited llfefspan, or to anybody else willing cation Nation is a case in point of irre­ into flights of sheer fantasy. There is a pop­ to pay money for it. sponsible editing. The story of the ula.r theory among the new breed of Indian That the coal gasification plants will de­ Nation's blunder was brought to light in radicals that something called the "Winters stroy the "Indian way of life" is absurd. Wha.t an article which appeared in the Gallup Doctrine" gives each and every tribe of In­ remains of ancestral Navajo culture won't dians the right to all the water they can ever last much longer without a blade of grass New Mexico Independent, and I believe use for anything they can dream up. Some left and zero prospects of economic develop­ it is worthwhile to bring this story, and Santo Domingos apparently clalm the right ment. Running sheep is an obsolete way of the real situation on the Navajo reser­ to divert the entire Rio Grande because it life, as is subsistence agriculture, and if the vation, to the attention of my colleagues. crosses their land. The Jlcarilla Apaches have Navajos want to survive with anything intact The Independent article follows: filed suit claiming zillions of acre feet of they must find a way to come to terms with April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11593 the modern world, survive economically, and demand for farm land is quickly outstripping forces and from the corrupt and outmoded hang on to the aspects of their culture they avallab111ty. civil service, which has an enormous stake in value at the same time. Meanwhile, the Insurgents, too, are build­ keeping all power and money highly central­ These "instant experts" on Indian affairs ing their numbers. Although the Thai in­ ized in Bangkok. and water rights are not helping the situa­ surgency has been nominally active for at A leading Foreign Ministry official, who tion. least a decade, in the last few years intelll· subscribes to the belief that North Vietnam gence sources have detected annual recruit­ will soon turn against Thailand in force, said melllt increases as high as 20 per cent. that neither religion nor crown would be DANGERS IN THAILAND The insurgents, known as the Tha.i People's sacrosanct when the pressure mounted. Liberation Armed Forces, are thought to Even those Thais who are most dovish number about 8,500, with a.bout three-quar­ about Hanoi's intentions in the rest of HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON _ ters of their strength in the north and north­ Southeast Asia, concede that the insurgency OF MASSACHUSETTS east. That part of the country is ideally will blossom without a great deal of outside suited for their activity. Income is lower than help ~ply if the government continues to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anywhere else in Thalland--41.bout one-slxt~ ignore it. Wednesday, April 23, 1975 of what it is in Bangkok. Alienation from the "We're at the point now where we're going mainstream of Thai society is most keenly to have a revolution in Thailand, there's no Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, felt by the tribal hill people in the region. question about that," said an agrarian re­ while our collective attention is focused From Bangkok, it ls easy to dismiss the form specialist. "The only choice we have ls on the collapse of South Vietnam and future of the uprising as just more of the whether the government will let the Com­ Cambodia, I want to remind my col­ "pop-gun affair" it has been so far, to use the munists run the show, in which case it will leagues of conditions and events in words of one long-time Western observer. But be as bloody as the revolutions in Indo-china, neighboring Thailand which may Por­ the insurgents, or "C'l's" ( Communist ter­ or whether the government will conduct its rorists, as the government and U.S. experts own revolution, in which case it will be less tend a catastrophe of a similar nature call them) have a different view. bloody. It's not much of a choice." in that country. In doing so I do not in­ From the outside looking in, Bangkok ap­ tend to imply endorsement of the no­ pears to be a decaying city growing more rot­ torious domino theory. The mounting ten each day. With its thousands of prosti­ revolutionary fervor in Thailand stems tutes, massage parlors, night clubs, glitter­ CONCLUSION OF "FANTASIES OF not from infiltrations from Hanoi and ing neon lights, expensive imported cars, FAMINE'' Phnom Penh, but from ostentatious horse racing and all the other superficial abuses of power by the Thai leadership. signs of Western-style wealth, it is an old­ fashioned sin city. HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER If we seriously want to avoid in Thai­ About 10 per cent of Thailand's population land the mere exchange of rightwing lives in Bangkok. Each year, thousands of OF COLORADO for leftwing dictatorship we have seen rural people drift to the cl ty in the dry sea­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES elsewhere, I suggest that we encourage son to work as la,borers to survive until the Wednesday, April 23, 1975 our Government to take what diplomatic next plaruting. steps it can at this point to promote a What these people see--a.nd cannot have-­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, yes­ mo~ resPonsible and democratic atti­ in Bangkok has the effect of priming them terday I inserted for the attention of my tude on the part of our friends in for the insurgents' appeal to turn against the colleagues the first part of an article en­ government. titled "Fantasies of Famine", by Frances Bangkok. A number of Thai and foreign experts be­ Lewis M. Simons, in an article appear­ lieve the Communist successes in oa.mbodia. Moore Lappe, from the February 1975 ing in today's edition of the Washington and South Vietnam wlll lnspire not only the Harper's magazine. Today I am inserting Post, has offered valuable background Thai rebels but large numbers of rural Thais the conclusion of this article that speaks information on this subject. I insert his as well. so well to the urgent need to make more observations in the RECORD at this time: Communist gains in Indochina have al­ efficient use and distribution of our Na­ ready taken their toll on the morale of Thai­ THAIS FEAR THEY MAY BE NEXT DOMINO tion's agricultural resources. The con­ land's government, mllitary and police lead­ clusion of the article follows: (By Lewis M. Simons) ers. This crumbling from within, even more FANTASIES OF FAMINE-11 BANGKOK, April 22.-With Cambodia al­ than North Vietnamese 88Sistance from .ready under Communist control and South without is likely to prove crucial to the Com­ In his la.test book, "The Food and People Vietnam on the verge, a question being asked munist campaign. Dilemma.," George Borgstrom presents sta­ with increasing frequency here in Thailand One Western expert in anti-insurgency tistics that demolish our assumptions about ls, how much more does Hanoi want? tactics who has worked in Southeast Asia for poor-world dependency and rich-world self­ Some Thais are convinced that once Sai­ nearly 20 years said officers and men of the sufflciency. gon falls, the North Vietnamese will swiftly top-heavy Royal Thai Army have no wlll to Consider Japan and Western Europe, turn their full mmtary mlgh t on this coun­ meet the Communists on their own ground which together contain only about one-sixth try, "the next domino." and when contact is unavoidable the govern­ as many people as the poor world. They im­ Others believe Hanoi will be satisfied with ment troops fight only if they have over­ port about 20 percent more grain than all complete control of all Vietnam and friendly whelming numerical superiority. the underdeveloped nations combined. Ja­ Communists or socialist governments in "This army has been molded by the U.S. pan, with one-thirteenth the population of neighboring Laos and Cambodia. Army," he said, "and Vietnam has proven China. and India, imports more food than But no knowledgeable Thal or foreign beyond all doubt that the Americans are not they do together. observer here doubts that the Hanoi regime prepared to fight an Asian guerrilla force. Per capita figures are even more dramatic. will step up its support for the burgeoning Neither are the Thais." For ea.ch citizen of the United Kingdom, al­ Thai Communist insurgency in the north and Top army officers are far more interested most fifteen times more grain was imported northeast of the country and for the politi­ in politics and increasing their stables of yea.r'ly during the 1960s than for each In­ cal unrest blossoming in Bangkok and other cars, race horses and women than in spend­ dian. The world's leading importers of plant -cities. ing their time fighting what seems a remote protein are Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, The most widely held judgment on Thai­ and insignificant enemy. and Belgium-not Chad, Senegal, or Bangla­ land's immediate future is that with in­ Some observers )>elleve that the generals desh. Per person, Denmark imports five times creased North Vietnamese funding and fuel­ (there are an extraordinary number-24- more plant protein than the total protein ing, and official inability or unwillingness to of four-star generals in an army of some intake per person in much of tthe poor world. recognize and deal with the insurgency and 120,000) are concentrating their efforts right Sometimes our food-related images of a its causes, it is about to become a major now on staging a coup to get back the dicta­ country are terribly misleading. This is par­ crisis. torial power they enjoyed for years. ticularly true of the Netherlands, which Thailand is as ripe as a. country can be for Premier M. R. Kukrit Pramoj is widely be­ evokes the image of a pigtailed dairy maid a full-fledged insurrection. With strikingly lieved to understand the inherent serious­ her milk pall filled to overflowing. Yet the rare exceptions, top polltica.1, military and ness of the insurgency and to be committed Netherlands is in fa.ct a leading importer of police officials are thoroughly corrupt. Their to healing at least some o! the root causes. milk protein. During the mid-Sixties, the interest.a are totally focused on accumulat­ Shortly after taking office five weeks ago, at Netherlands annually took in more nonfat ing comfort and wealth in Bangkok while the the head of a shaky, diverse coalition, he milk solids (mainly for raising veal) than did problems of the countryside are ignored. proposed a plan which would partly reverse the entire poor world. The United States, The government, patched together into a the one-way flow of resources into Bangkok. known worldwide for its Texas roundups, is coalition from more than a dozen political But the program, which would send $125 in reality the world's leading importer of parties, ls unstable a.nd may not la.st another million into local government councils and beef. We are also a net importer of milk six months. otherwise decentralize Bangkok's admlnis· products. With a population of 41 milllon growing at tratlve and development authority, is run­ Although much of the food imported by the extremely high rate o! 3.3 percent a year, ning into potent opposition from political the rich countries comes from other rich 11594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A'[Yril 23, 1975 countries, much comes from the poor world. comes of over $1,000), and 6 percent accrued Actually, "food a.id" is a misleading term Borgstrom has concluded that the rich world to the poor (incomes of $200 or less). because it carries with it the notion that imports more pl'Oteln from the poor world If any game of cha.nee produced such con­ our food is being allocated according to than we export to lt. Europe, for example, sistently lopsided returns, we would have to need. In fact, the lion's share goes to buy­ imports one-third of the African pea.nut crop conclude that the game was rigged. And so ing political friends. Of the $1 billion food to feed to lts llvestock. Much of the meat it is in the grand game of global economics. a.id budget, only 20 percent ls destined for and seafood we import also comes from the In order to sustain the level of inequities the many fa.mine-stricken countries. The poor world. Thus the facts do not support to which we have become accustomed, every rest is going to such countries as South Viet­ nam, Cambodia., Chile, Jordan, Syria, and Senator Kennedy'r- statement that we all aspect of the system-all of our trade, mon­ face acute "scarcltles"-dlffering only in de­ etary a.id, and military ties--must work in Egypt. Put this a.11 together and what have gree. It ls our disproportionate use and waste our favor. of the worJd food supply that pushes the Seventy-five percent of the poor world's ;iOU got? A prescription for a. system on the price of grain up beyond the reach of those foreign exchange-money for plows, schools, verge of collapse. Just as in America's favor­ ln serious need and ensures that the real research-is earned by exports. Yet in the ite game, Monopoly, when one player gets all scarcities appear elsewhere. pa.st two decades the share of the poor coun­ the money, you know that the game ls al­ The term "scarcity" itself has an absolute tries in world trade declined from nearly most over. quality that to most people means there ls one-third to less than one-fifth. This ls NEW RULES OF THE GAME simply not enough to go a.round. Recently partly because barriers in the rich countries These economic inequities have mounted a. New York Ttmes article flatly asserted that against imports from the poor a.re generally unnoticed year by year. But in recent years, "world population has long since outstripped higher (in many cases almost twice as high) as the export price of rice has tripled, and food supplies." The reader is left feeling help­ as those against the products of other rich that of wheat has quadrupled, threatening less, that we. have already lost the battle. countries. Because our trade barriers in­ the staff of life for most of humanity, it is The president of the Rockefeller Foundation, crease according to the level of product fab­ impossible to a.void recognizing the need John Knowles, certainly seems to feel that rication, they have the effect of keeping the for profoundly restructuring the world eco­ we have lost. He has stated grimly, "Malthus poor world from the profitable business of nomic order. It ls only now, at the twelfth has already been proved correct." Not so. processing their own raw ma.terials--be it hour, that we are beginning to hear some If our agrlculturs.l resources were used ra­ making chocolate candies or instant coffee. urgent, unprecedented proposals to revamp tionally and distributed at all equitably, The relative value of poor-world products the rules of the game. there would be enough to go around now. has gone down, too, so that while the poor Most publicized have been attempts of What of the future? That we are all in have increased their exports significantly, the World Food Conference to establish a the process of deciding. If we choose not to they stm find themselves back almost at system to stabilize world grain prices. (This make the profound economic changes nec­ the starting gate. Between the Fifties and idea. is strongly opposed by American grain essary to provide everyone with an adequate the early Seventies, the volume of exports traders, who make their money on price fluc­ diet and thereby the fundamental security by t:he poor world increased by one-third, yet tuations, and by farm interests, who fear prerequisite to the slowing of rapid popula­ their value increased by only 4 percent. that the prices will be stabilized at the low tion growth, then our numbers wlll certainly A popular notion is that many poor-world end of the scale.) soon overwhelm the absolute capacity of countries are now reaping a. bonanza. from Similar suggestions a.re being made con­ the Earth to support us. The population recent raw-material commodity-price in­ cerning raw commodities on which the poor problem does not make finding the solution creases. The ma.in beneficiaries, however, have world depends for income. Henri Kona.n to the food problem hopeless; lt makes it been the developed countries. The increase Bedie, the African chairman of the recent imperative. in their export earnings attributable to pri­ annual meeting of the International Mone­ Edwin Martin, the State Department leader mary products other than oil was $29 billion tary Fund and the World Bank, suggests that of our delegation to the World Food Con­ in 1973-nea.rly three times as much as the it is time to "recognize that the law of sup­ ference, stated that one of the main pur­ $11 bill1on increase in the commodity ex­ ply and demand can't continue" and to agree poses of the conference was "improving the ports of the developing countries. on some minimum prices. Secretary Genera.I efficiency of the food systems in developing Add to these poor earnings the increased Ga.ma.ni Corea. of the United Nations Con­ countries." Shouldn't he have said "food price the poor world must pay for oil, and ference on Trade and Development sees the systems ln the developed countries"? A first you have a trade deficit for the poor world necessity for a new approach to the com­ step in meeting the world food crisis ls that deteriorated by $5 billion to $9 billion modity problem, including, "a. series of buf­ shifting American agriculture from a disposal la.st year ( compared to 1972) and will worsen fer stocks for a. range of commodities, sup­ system to a. maximally efficient one. by more than double that amount this year. ported by a. central fund." Coffee producers As one move in this direction, Representa­ How much food will they be able to buy thep.? are trying essentially this technique on their tive John Seiber11ng of Ohio has introduced Add this increasing deficit to the already own and a.re being scolded for actiRg like a. a. blll that would provide funds for develop­ existing debt of the poor world-a debt that cartel. (Curious: we control more of the ing the completely untapped potentia.1 of currently exceeds $80 billion and demands world's food supply than the Arabs do oil. presently discarded substances for livestock an interest payment to the rich so high as yet we never think of ourselves as a food feed. , Were we to use the Chinese ma.xim to approach the value of all the financial cartel, even while we blithely let our prices "Waste ls valuable," a concept well kno~ aid given. skyrocket.) in less-developed countries, our production Consider also that since 1971 the poor world On the question of the poor world's heavy of livestock feed would not use up agricul­ has lost between $1 billion and $2 biliion in debt burden-that $80 billion debt that can­ tural land that could be feeding people di­ the value of its reserves by the successive cels out so much of the development assist­ rectly. Cornstalks, pea vines, vegetable tops, devaluations of the dollar, a process over a.nce--corea suggested recently that there even treated cow manure and newspapers which it had no control. (This was after it be not only renegotiation or moratoriums on can, it turns out, be appetizing to rumi­ had been encouraged for twenty yea.rs to the repayment but, in some cases, outright nants. Livestock could then once a.gain be­ hold the dollar as a reserve currency!) debt cancellation. When it becomes obvious come invaluable "protein factories." Finally, add the fa.ct that official develop­ that the old rules do not work, we can't go Another legislative approach being consid­ ment assistance from the industrialized on living by them. ered ls a. mechanism to ensure that any re­ countries, which never met even the modest To be sure, logic and reason wlll not suffice duction ln per capita. grain consumption (the targets set during the Sixties, is now sink­ to change those rules. Prejudices and stereo­ result of lowering our meat intake or using ing even further. The U.S., leading the de­ types must also be overcome. Many Ameri­ ruminants more efficiently) would be linked cline, now ranks next to la.st among the cans a.re convinced, for example, that mar­ to an increase in the world grain supply. Western countries as aid donor in relation ginal nations--overwhelmed by poverty, Such an effect could be accomplished by to gross national product. overpopulation, recurrent natural disasters-­ leaving land in production and instituting While all assistance has declined, food a.id will never summon the skill and will needed well-thought-out export controls, along with has plummeted. Ba.rely one-sixth as much to overcome hunger. If the poor can't even increased food aid, to ensure that our food food as ten years a.go is now being shipped begin to help themselves, this assumption surplus goes to those with real need and not a.broad from the U.S. for hunger relief. (The goes, the rich a.re fools to throw good money to Uvestock producers in Europe, Japan, or total U.S. AID budget for food aid, rural after bad. Forget the hungry: let nature take the U .S.S.R. development, and nutrition programs could its course. Yet people who have worked ex­ But this action would only be a. first step; be financed by a. mere 10 percent reduction tensively throughout the underdeveloped the second step must be a solution to the in our troops overseas.) At the Rome food world say that these subjective assessments wealth problem, for without it there can be conference in November the United States are dead wrong. Norman E. Borla.ug, the no solution to the food problem. The wealth was not only unmoved but seemed down­ chle:! green revolutionist (and Nobel Prize problem is the enormous and widening gap right resentful of urgent calls for even a winner) recently stated: "I have a lot of between the rich minority and poor majority. modest increase in our food a.id. But the fact respect for the small farmer [in the poor In the Sixties, the global Gross International ls that we could double our current food aid world] .... Almost invariably when you look Product increased by more than $1 trtlllon and it would still a.mount to less than th~ at what he's doing with his land you find but the cuts were hardly equitable: 80 per~ $2 billion or more we gained in 1974: as a. he's producing the maximum under the sit­ cent of that increase went to the rich or result of the higher prices we received from uation he has to work with. The thing is that relatively rich (with per capita annual tn- foodstuffs sold to the developing countries. he usually doesn't have much to work with." April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11595

Borla.ug is right. Of all World Ba.nk loans in is far cheaper (and more stabilizing) than looking away as terror and violence en­ 1974, only 18 percent went to agriculture. sophisticated fighter planes and other high­ gulf the people of South Vietnam and In a. sample of fourteen Third World coun­ priced weaponry. If we a.re contributing $9.5 Cambodia are evading their responsi­ tries, a.gricn}ture received only 11 percent billion a year in military assistance to many bility by using terms which can only be of investment. of these same countries, the problem of cost Corresponding in magnitude to the rich is not insoluble. called falsely moralistic. They should not worlds waste of protein is the poor Seeing fa.mine .spread through Asia. and be permitted so easy a camouflage for world's waste of food production potential. Africa, many would now believe that our de­ what they have really done. The obvious third step in meeting the world velopment efforts have failed, that it is time Discussing this situation, Kenneth food problem is the development of that po­ to shelve our Judeo-Christian ethics in favor Crawford, long-time columnist for News­ tential-a. potential represented by the small of the ethics of last resort--lifeboat ethics. week magazine, noted: farmer and his family, who make up at lea.st But, noting our fixation on military as op­ They would be more bearable if they could one-third of the human race. posed to humanitarian a.id, on industrial over refrain from wrapping themselves in a cloak In the Indian state of Punjab, with the and above agricultural support, and at the of moral superiority while at the same time help of strong government support, small same time our total neglect of the negative insisting that this country has no moral farmers adopted new high-yielding varieties impact of world commercial and monetary responsibllity for allies it has been support­ of wheat at a rate faster than American fa.rm­ arrangements on poor nations--clearly, one ing over the yea.rs and encouraging to fight ers adopted hybrid corn, the classic success must conclude: development has not "fail­ in their own defense. If these a.Illes must of U.S. agriculture. As a result, India ex­ ed"; it has simply never been tried. The first surrender, it would be better for them to panded her wheat production between the maxim of nautical ethics is that you don't do it themselves than to have Congress doing mid-Sixties and the early Seventies a.t a rate go to the lifeboats, which will save only a it for them. unmatched by any other country in history. few, until you've ma.de every effort to salvage According to Lester Brown of the Overseas' the ship for the sake of all. Mr.·Crawford concludes: Development Council, "rice yields per a.ere We must transcend the negative, hopeless It would be better if Congress were not so in India a.nd Nigeria stlll average only one­ response to the grim picture story of hunger. clearly telling the world that the Communist third those of Japan; corn yields in Thailand The suffering ma.y be brought before our supporters are more dependable allies than and Brazil are less than one-third those of eyes, but the evil lies elsewhere-in the ba­ the United States. And it would be nice, too, the United States." There is a lot of room nality of an economic machine that can't be if TV "personalities" were less eager to a.bet for improvement in these countries and with seen but generates untenable inequities and the telling. much smaller increments in resources than unending misery. Its day-to-day operation would be necessary in the industrialized may not make good copy or good polit ical car­ I wish to share with my colleagues the countries. Scientific farming can be prac­ toons, but in it there is hope, if only because column, ''Indochina Recriminations," by ticed on one- or two-acre, family-worked through an awareness of how it works to Kenneth Crawford, which appeared in plots without large-scale machinery pow­ create hunger, one cannot a.void the conclu­ ered by fossil fuels. It has been proven in the Washington Post of April 9, 1975, and sion that the problem of world hunger is un­ insert it into the RECORD at this time: countries such as South Korea and Taiwan der human control. that the small farmer will respond, given an INDOCHINA RECRIM.INATIONS adequate credit sytsem, extension services, (By Kenneth Crawford) a.nd a marketing and distribution system that In a recent talk show on the publlc tele­ will ensure him a return for his effort. BETTER BE AN ALLY vision channel a lot of gratuitous advice was For years, we have concentrated on indus­ IS IT TO OF passed out. One panelist advised against trial development in the poor world in order THE COMMUNISTS THAN OF THE "recriminations" in this country when the to achieve 5 percent rates of growth in GNP UNITED STATES? question becomes: Who lost Indochina.? She (the highest ever achieved by a modernizing said such recriminations would be "divisive." state in the early stage of development). In Another member of the panel warned against so doing, suggests the economist Barbara. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE discussion of the defeat in a cold-war con­ Ward, we have somehow overlooked the his­ OF ILLINOIS text. He said the cold war was pa.sse-a rellc tory of our own development. She reminds us IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the 1960s, now superseded by detente; that early development in virtually all the On a. subsequent news show on one of the now industrialized countries was initially Wednesday, April 23, 1975 commercial channels Sen. Birch Bayh (D­ based on "agricultural expansion ... by the Ind.) said he was tired of hearing Congress downward extension of credit, marketing, Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, desi5ite the fact that many Americans seek to escape blamed for the rout of government troops services, small-scale enterprise in manufac­ from the northern provinces of South Viet­ turing and commerce to a wide network of a confrontation with the hard questions nam. And Rep. Paul McCioskey (R-CS.llf.) regional urban centers and the resulting about the current tragedy in Indochina, said his first impulse, after visiting Cam­ spread of economic activity a.way from single history will not permit such an evasion. bodia, was to "string up" the American offi­ big centers." The United States did commit more cials responsible for dragging that llttle na­ In this reluctance to get down to basics, than 500,000 Americans to fight Com­ tion into the war. He was so quoted, approv­ much has been ma.de of the elitist, Unin­ ingly, by one of the most monotonous of the spired, or just plain corrupt leadership in munist aggression in Indochina. We did persuade the South Vietnamese to sign hand-wringing deplorers. poor world countries who opt for airports and It is currently fashionable to blame Sec­ hotels over plows or wells. There is more than the Paris Peace Agreement which per­ retary of State Kissinger for the horrors we a touch of hypocrisy in this criticism. While mitted the North Vietnamese to keep are seeing in the television news from Indo­ we criticize these leaders, we also provide ex­ their entire army in the South. We did china. Even a national magazine of serious tensive military assistance so that many of declare that this achievement was one and fair-minded repute runs a cover car­ them remain in power. In 1973 the United of "peace with honor," and our Secre­ toon ridiculing the secretary for the troubles States supplied $9.5 billion in military a.id his policies are in around the world. Yester­ and police training to sixty-four countries, tary of State did accept the Nobel Peace Prize for its a~hievement. Now, the North day's hero becomes today's scapegoat. It is twenty-five of which are ruled by military one of our prerogatives, but one of the least regimes or permit no open opposition to Vietnamese have violated those agree­ attractive when exercised, to kick the mighty the government. ments with an aggressive assault upon when they a.re down. Pointing the finger at bad leaders in poor the South while we have withdrawn aid We are being invited to wallow in self­ countries is one mechanism we use to avoid to our ally and have turned away from justiflcation and self-deception. The national facing our own complicity. Another rationali­ our commitments. brain is being washed clean of guilt in con­ zation for inaction is the rich world's growing Does any American seriously believe nection with Indochina, and doubtless it sense that the poor world's problems are in­ wants to be so washed. Bayh may be tired superable, beyond the capacity of even the that this debacle can simply be shunted aside, and that those who say we should of finger pointing at Congress but h1s most generous aid donors. fatigue doesn't alter the fact that Congress, Such defeatism, however, is premature: not discover who is to blame for this when it decreed an end to mllita.ry assist­ consider a few calculations. What would it tragedy are to be heeded? History will ance for South Vietnam and Cambodia, cost to eradicate illiteracy in the world? An­ not permit us to walk away from a com­ pulled the plug and sent them down the swer (according to a UNF.SCO estimate): $1.6 mitment such as this without losing a drain. btllion for five years. What would it cost to great deal of our credibility and perhaps True, they might have gone down anyway provide a. basic ma.terna.1-hea.lth a.nd famUy­ even our status as a reliable ally. The eventually. But their defeat would ha.ve been planning service for everyone in the poor South Vietnamese have now said that it less ignominious-especially for us-had we world ( excluding China, which is well on its stood by them to the end, to the extent of wa.y to achieving this goa.l)? Answer (accord­ is safer to be an ally of the Communists keeping mmta.ry supplies flowing. ing to Lester Brown): $2 bfilion a. yea.r. Wha.t than of the United States. If; is sad for There wm be recriminations. They a.re un­ about plows, material for constructing wells, Americans to admit this, but events may avoidable short of forbidding debate. Per­ irrigation ditches, storage fac111ties, roads, re­ be proving them correct. haps we can learn something from this ex­ search fa.-01Uties? Surely this sort of fa.rm a.id Those in the Congress who are calmly perience, such as not to start what we are 11596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 unwilling to finish. As for the cold war being away from defense and spend tt on wel­ the same fascination that for a long time in superseded by detente, tell it to the refugees fare. They have all but seized control of the Washington has captured presidents, law­ on the roads to Saigon under North Vietnam­ House through the party caucus. That, they makers and the press. ese rocket and artillery fire. It might be com­ say, ts what they were elected to do. Wheth­ SECRET OF SUCCESS • forting to them to know that explosives came er this 1s liberal statesmanship or dema­ from a branch of the one big happy world goguery ts e. nice question. Kissinger had just left the Kennedy ~d­ family brought rogether1 by detente. They would be more bearable if they mintstration after a brief stint as a part­ But the troops going south refused to could refrain from wrapping themselves in time consul tan'i; and was then acting as an stand and fight. They abandoned their arms. a. cloak of moral superiority whtle at the adviser on foreign policy for his old friend, They turned out to be a. weak army. So they same time insisting that this country has Nelson Rockefeller, who had an eye on the were not worthy of help? This was an army no moral responsibllity for .allies it has 1964 presidential election. Still Kissinger out of hope and on the run from an enemy been supporting over the yea.rs and encour­ loved to ridicule the academics then catching superior in equipment and numbers and it aging to fight in their own defense. If the Boston-Washington shuttle for trying to pa.nicked. Panic is a. disease to which all hu­ these allies must surrender, it would be bet­ wear two hats. And Kissinger was warning manity ts vulnerable. We a.re not immune ter for them to do it themselves than to of the dangers in the deepening American from it. We should be slow to judge. have Congress doing it for them. involvement in Vietnam. We ourselves have been unkindly judged Morality aside, it would be better if Con­ It was not that Kissinger opposed taking by Sir Robert Thompson, British Asia. expert gress were not so clearly telling the world a stand against communism in Southeast and friend and admirer of the United States, that the Communist supporters are more Asia or anywhere else. Rather he had a world or former friend and admirer. He writes that dependable allies than the United States. view of how American power ought to be we have run out on our allies, not only on And it would be nice, too, if TV "personali­ used-to combat communism for other pur­ South Vietnam and Cambodia, but on Israel ties" were less eager to a.bet the telling. poses. This was the secret of his success, as well, a.nd as result have lost our er-edibil­ what separated h1m from other policy makers ity a.s a world power. As he sees it: and his predecessors when he ca.me to Wash­ "The Americ.an retreat from Moscow, like ington. He had a concept of what the world should look like and where the U.S. should that of Napoleon, ts beginning to litter the SECRETARY OF STATE, HENRY route of corpses. Henry Kissinger has been be going. vainly fighting a rear-guard action with no KISSINGER Kissinger had become popular among polit­ army, no air force, no navy and no money. ical scientists, defense specialists and within "The administration can no longer con­ government as a result of his book, "Nuclear duct a credible foreign policy. But, do not HON. RICHARD F. VANDERVEEN Weapons and Foreign Policy," which was a worry, a. new policy line already has been OF MICHIGAN subtle and profound argument for using laid down by Congress: If you surrender IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weaponry-nuclear and non-nuclear-ra­ tionally, in accordance with political and the killing will stop. It ts a clean message, Wednesday, April 23, 1975 to the world, of the abject surrender of the diplomatic policy. But a more obscure book, United States." Mr. VANDER VEEN. Mr. Speaker, at which formed the core of Henry Kissinger's Too harsh a judgment after the expendi­ present the United States faces severe thinking, was called "A World Restored " a ture of 50,000 Americ.an lives, national mo­ description of the balance of power syst~ms diplomatic problems in many parts of between 1814 and 1914. rale and billions in treasure? Perhaps. It is the world and the center of the contro­ part hyperbole. The United States still has A GENERATION OF PEACE an army, an air force, a navy and money. versy regarding , these problems is the Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger. I What Kissinger has sought ever since is a But Congress has decided th.at none of them restoration of "A World Restored," a modern shall be used further to bolster Indochina's believe the following article by Saul relationship among the five great power cen­ defenders militarily. That amounts to the Friedman, a well-known columnist for ters-the Soviet Union, Communist China, same thing, so far as Hanoi and Phnom the Detroit Free Press, presents, I think, Japan and Western Europe-which would Penh are concerned, as our not having them. a perceptive analysis of the problems keep the peace for at least a generation if That equation may be lost for the mo­ Kissinger is facing and the serious weak­ not for 100 yea.rs. ment on the American public, already being nesses in his diplomatic policies: It sounds neat enough but in the 20th assured and reassured that Congress, the I was one of Henry Kissinger's admiring Century, such a balance of powers imposing Congress it elected, bears no responsibility students in 1962-63 when he was teaching peace would mean keeping the lid on the for the debacles of Indochina. But it is not his popWar Harvard seminar on defense and status quo, employing economic and military being lost on the Thais, the Fllipinos, the foreign policies. And perhaps a couple of aid, palliative reforms, internal subversion, Israelis, the Portugese and, naturally, the personal recollections might help explain why political and economic pressure, overt force Soviet and Chinese governments. the world of Henry Kissinger is suddenly or whatever may be necessary to keep the Sir Robert ts exactly right in his inter­ falling apart. · partners as well as upstart outsiders in line. pretation of what Congress has said. It ha.s Kissinger is still admired by the American In response to a student's question, Kiss­ said that what is left of Cambodia and people and respected by leaders of the Soviet inger once acknowledged, candidly and with South Vietnam under non-Communist aus­ Union, China and most of the Western World. a smile, that his concepts and his approach pices must be defeated quickly to end the He appears to have the continued confidence to foreign affairs would have been more ap­ bloodshed of war. Washington, Lincoln and of the president. And major figures among propriate in the 19th Century. Roosevelt might have proposed to stop Democrats and Republicans who are critical Kissinger has a background in the Ger­ American war for the same reason-to end of Kissinger seem to have no alternative to man "Realpolitik" tradition, which sees the the bloodshed. Fortunately for us and for his basic foreign policies, other than return­ value of a strong state and a "central au­ their places in history they didn't. ing the U.S. to the days of the Cold War. thority" (his phrase) in the conduct of for­ It can be argued that the two situations Yet the talk of Kissinger's resignation eign affairs. He is closer to Bismarck than are wholly dtiferent-that these American seems to be getting serious. White House Jefferson, which is why he has an obsession heroes were fighting for American objec­ sources leak suggestions that there may be for secrecy and one-man shows and con­ tives, and winning, whereas a succession of an appointment of a new national security siders Congress an intruder. These Kissinger later Presidents were fighting for no Ameri­ adviser to "balance" Kissinger's influence. characteristics, which are necessary for his can objective in Vietnam, and losing. Yet And leading lawmakers are suddenly hostile policies, are among the real reasons he's in Congress agreed for years that the objective to Kissinger. trouble. of American free-world leadership in resis­ The reasons for Kissinger's problems go More important, Kissinger's view of the tance to the spread of totalltarianism on the beyond what's happening in Southeast Asia, world is collapsing because he sought to ·put left was objective enough that American something together in this era which didn•t freedom is dependent to a degree on free­ which has been seen as inevitable for a long time, or the Middle East, where Kissinger really work that well in that other time. dom elsewhere in the world. Kissinger's "World Restored" makes Uttle President Ford stm says it is. In his Cali­ made a. valiant effort, the best attempt to date. The reasons go deeper and back at mention of the European revolutionary move­ fornia press conference he paraphrased least as far as that course he taught. ments of 1848, the rise of Marxism, the eco­ President Kennedy's inaugural address He presided over the seminar with Morton nomic problems and all the elements that pledging American defense of freedom led to all the explosions we've been hearing anywhere. It· sounded hollow this time Halperin, then a young assistant professor who was to become a. top Kissinger aide on since World War I. around. The President is not only ham­ Just after World War I, America. wa.s strung by Congress, but by a new and pre­ Richard Nixon's National Security CouncU. With Halperin playing the straight man, touched by the first small ripples in the sumably improved Congress. It is a Congress tidal wave of the 20th century nationalism chucked with Democratic neophytes deter­ Kissinger talked, quietly, brilliantly and at a.nd rebellion. One of Kissinger's predeces­ mined to "change things." Insofar as for­ length, with the same touches of insight, sors heard from a young Indo-Chinese named eign policy is concerned the change ts for humor and teutonic arrogance for which Nguyen Ai Quac, who wrote Secretary of the worse. he has since become famous. State Robert Lansing, on June 18, 1919: "We These first-term members keep telling us And around that long table at Harvard's count on your great kindness to honor our that they are a new breed of forward-looking Littauer Building, the students, even those appeal by your support. Since the victory liberals. Their central ide.a is to take money who deeply disagreed with him, listened with of the Allies, all subject peoples are frantic April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11597 with hope at the prospect of an era of right fled by those who callously disregard the 50,- minima.I environmental effects. In situ proc­ and Justice which should begin for them." 000 coal miners afflicted with black lung and essing of oil shale is under investigation and The letter writer, whose pleas were ig­ the 100 times higher accident rate (per en­ appears feasible. As for offshore oil, the tech­ nored until he turned to armed rebellion, ergy produced) in coal mining. Pollution is nology of preventing oil spills, and cleaning eventually changed his name to Ho Chi Minh. blamed on technology when, in fact, only them up quickly if they do occur, has come more and superior technology can eliminate a long way since the Torrey Canyon and the it. Santa Barbara. oil spills. Among the most cherished myths of the Clearly, then, there is no la.ck of energy; NO ENERGY EXHAUSTION technophobes is the ancient theory of the there is not even a lack of clean energy. But bottom of the barrel. If we don't watch our the access to that energy is blocked by non­ step, we are told, we will deplete this planet's technological obstacles, chief among which finite resources. But what if we do watch are, in my opinion, government interference HON. LARRY McDONALD our step? There is obviously something with free markets, and environmentalist OF GEORGIA wrong with this theory, for if we do watch technophobia. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our step, we will merely deplete the barrel Until la.st year, the price of oil was con­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 somew;ha.t later; why is it better to die over trolled at a.n unrealistically low level, result­ a slow fire since, by this theory, the bottom ing, on one hand, in the rapid decline of Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. of the barrel will be reached sooner or later exploration and capital investment, and on Speaker, although Congress has done anyway? We are given no answer to this the other, in ma.king oil so "cheap" that it little about it, we are all aware that our question, for example, by the authors of The was burned under the boilers of power plants. country is faced with an energy crisis. Limits to Growth, whose most desirable Oil now has a. two-tier price structure which, to world model shows a semi-starved, semi­ broadly speaking, rewards those who produce Contrary much propaganda, how­ polluted world whose resources are relent­ a little oil and punishes those who produce ever, we are not faced with a shortage of lessly going down and down. a lot of it. This year the number of small energy resources. Rather we have on our The fact is that the barrel has a very wells, drilled has, for the first time since hands an immense political crisis: Gov­ elusive bottom, for non-renewable does not the 60's, surpassed 30,000; but the total do­ ernment regulations, controls, and edicts mean irreplaceable. Moreover, history shows mestic oil production continues to decline. have 'blocked access to these resources. that with very few exceptions (such as whale This is not surprising; if government decrees This is the thesis presented by Prof. oil) raw materials were replaced not because fixed the price of potatoes grown in fields, Petr Beckmann as part of a recent semi­ they ran out, but because something better but allowed a free market in potatoes grown became available. The change from glass bot­ in flower pots, there would be a flower-pot­ nar at the Center for Constructive Alter­ tles to plastic bottles, for example, did not pota.to bloom, but the total potato produc­ natives at Hillsdale College. Dr. Beck­ come a.bout because the world ran out of tion would decline. mann's presentation, titled "No Energy sand from which to make glass. The electric power industry is shackled Exhaustion," makes it clear that the so­ Untenable as the bottom-of-the-barrel hand and foot by a myriad of regulating lution to our energy problem lies in re­ theory is for mineral resources, it becomes agencies. The rates charged a.re not deter­ moving the obstacles imposed by Govern­ absurd for energy, for it would violate a mined by the need of new capital invest­ ment, not in creating new barriers. physical law: Energy cannot be destroyed, ments, but in public hearings which have The text of the presentation follows: ~t can only be converted from one form into become forums for propaganda. against cor­ another. So the enemies of technological ad­ porate profits, and the regulators find it No ENERGY ExHAUSTION vance have ta.ken refuge behind another popular to "pass the profits on to the con­ (By Petr Beckmann) physical law, the Second Law of Thermo­ sumers." Until people wake up to what the (NoTE.-Petr Beckmann is a professor of dynamics, which, roughly speaking, says that so-called consumer advocates a.re doing to electrical engineering at the University of. in every conversion of energy from one form them, the utilities will continue to do what Colorado. Born in 1924 in Prague, Czecho­ to another, some fraction must irretrievably they a.re doing now: cannibalize their capital slovakia, he obtained his Ph.D. and Dr. Sc. be turned into heat. Therefore, goes the spending budgets under a policy that degrees from Prague Technical University story, if we convert too much energy, we will amounts to save now, rqn out of power later. and worked for the Czechoslovak Academy of generate so much waste heat as to endanger A second obstacle is environmentalism, Sciences until 1963. the world by changing its climate. which originally had the laudable aim of a Dr. Beckmann has published eight books There are, indeed, some problems with clean environment, but is now being used as and more than 60 scientific papers. He writes, high concentrations of waste h~t; there a.re a horse on which to crusade against business, edits, and publishes a monthly Journal on also ways of turning waste heat into useful profits, industry, technology, and similar energy, Access to Energy, in Boulder, Colo­ heat. But the gist of the argument is a evils that allegedly plague us. It is beginning rado. colossal exaggeration. To reach even one per­ to border on the impossible to construct a Dr. Beckmann delivered this presentation cent of the energy incident on the globe new power plant, oil refinery, coal gasification as part of a recent Center for Constructive from the sun, we would have to convert en­ plant or other energy facility. Much of the Alternatives seminar at Hillsdale College, ergy on a mind-boggling scale: every Ameri­ blame for this must go to the character of which was titled "Energy or Exhaustion: The can man, woman, child and infant on the presently required impact statements, which Planet as Provider.") breast would have to consume, from mid­ always stack the deck against the innovator The present malaise of society includes night to midnight, no less than 2 MW of who wants to change the status quo. He is a strong anti-scientific trend. Reputable power, which he could do by running 600 required to demonstrate, a.nd rightly so in universities offer courses in astrology while clothes dryers all day and a.11 night, or by my opinion, that the innovation wlll not their enrollment in the ha.rd sciences and cleaning his teeth twice a. day with 15 mil­ unreasonably harm the environment or have engineering ls decreasing. Science is increas­ lion electric toothbrushes. And the rest of other undesirable consequences. But he is ingly coming under attack. Not only from the world would still have to consume twice put on the defensive: his opponents have no outsiders who do not understand science­ as much. comparable responsibility in considering the that type of attack is as old as science it­ But enough of countering unfounded undesirable consequences of not proceeding self-but now also from disrupters within. charges. Let us take a look a.t the a.mount with the innovation. A judge is required to Holders of scientific degrees a.re telling us of energy available to us. The sun will shine decide whether a. new power plant may ha.rm that the trouble with the world is too much for another 50 billion yea.rs, and nuclear the marine life of the adjacent river if the science and technology. Nobel prize winners fusion cannot run out of fuel as long a.s plant is built: he is not required to decide a.re lending their names to anti-nuclear orga­ there is water in the oceans. To bridge the how many women might one day die in nizations whose emotional propaganda. bla­ gap of the next three decades before these childbirth for la.ck of electric power if the tantly disregards the facts. The authors of sources can effectively be harnessed, there is plant is not built. The Limits to Growth fed their computer enough uranium to fuel hundreds of nuclear And so what we are witnessing is certainly programs with carefully manipulated data plants, there is enough coal in the U.S. to no exhaustion of energy, but blocked access that would bring about the preconceived la.st for several centuries, and the oil de­ to that energy. result of ca.ta.strophe under all conditions. posits in the continental shelves are esti­ Let me take one more example, the oil Blatant disregard of the facts is what the mated a.t 100 billion barrels, together with imported from the Arab countries, which is various anti-growth and anti-technology trillions of cubic feet of natural gas. There produced at an operating cost of about 20 movements have in common. At a. time when is more oil in the oil shale of the mountain cents a. barrel and sold for upwards of $12 the fertllity rate in the U.S. has dropped be­ states than in the entire Middle East. since the OPEC price-fixing cartel has quad­ low the replacement value, we a.re being Uranium can be mined in low concentra­ rupled the price in a single year. Apa.rt from scared by the evils of population growth, tions at a higher cost, for fuel costs represent exposing the U.S. to political blackmail, the vividly expounded by those whose attitude only a minor part of the operating costs of flow of $100 billion to the OPEC countries is "there's too many of you others." Lake nuclear power plants, and breeders running this year threatens to bankrupt the econ­ Erie is declared dead at a time when it has on thorium could extend the supply to some omies of the industrialized countries and to more fish than all the other Great Lakes 2,000 years. Coal can be gasified and lique­ bring fa.mine to the underdeveloped coun­ combined. The dangers of nuclear power, fied with little pollution to produce gas, oil, tries for lack of fertilizers. It won't even do far and away the safest form of large-scale gasoline, methanol, hydrogen, and other the OPEC countries any good, for their energy conversion yet invented, are magni- fuels. It can also be ut111zed in situ with primitive economies are utterly incapable of 11598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23·, 1975 absorbing such astronomic sums. What can Reason and technology can overcome these Ta.la.at, the Minister of the Interior of be done about that? obstacles--though not overnight-e.nd en­ Turkey. The following is one of his Orders First, one can use strong language, as sure abundant and clean energy for every­ quoted by Paul de Veou in his book entitled President Ford and other high U.S. officials body. "La Passion de la C111cie, 1919-1922," (page have recently done. This could goad the 11). OPEC countries into taking an even strong­ "It has been previously communicated er stand, but more likely, they will merely THE FIRST GENOCIDE OF THE 20TH that the government by the order of the laugh it off. CENTURY Assembly (Jemiet) has decided t.o extermi­ Second, one can wait for the cartel to nate entirely all the Armenians living in break up. The same greed ~hat gives rise Turkey . . . without regard to women, chil­ to a cartel in the first place eventually HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI dren and invalids. However tragic may be causes its members to cheat on each other. the means of transportation, an end must Libya is already cheating, and Saudi Arabia OF NEW JERSEY be put to their existence." 1s chafing at the high prices. Even so, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MINlsTER OF THE INTERIOR, TA.LAAT. could be a long wait. Wednesday, April 23, 1975 May 15, 1915. Third, there 1s a forceful mUita.ry solu­ Mr. Henry Morgentha.u, the American Am­ tion, which is, at present, unthinkable for Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as you bassador to Turkey during the time when anybody acquainted with political realities. know, the House recently passed House the Armenians were being led to slaughter, Fourth, the oil-consuming countries might Joint Resolution 148, which would desig­ in his book "Ambassador Morgenthau's band together and take countermeasures. nate April 24, 1975, as a "National Day Story" quotes Tale.at as saying: They might, but they won't. Last October, of Remembrance of Man's Inhumanity "I have accomplished more toward solving the EEC countries voluntarily rushed in a to Man." One of the purposes of the reso­ the Armenian problem in three months than mad scramble to get what they could each Abdul Ha.mid accomplished 1n thirty years." for themselves, leaving, for example, their lution is to commemorate those Ameri­ (p. 225) member country Holland high and dry with· cans who succumbed to the genocide per­ Mr. Morgentha.u also relates a conversation out oil in violation of all their solemn treat· petrated in Turkey 60 years ago. with the other arch-criminal, Enver Pasha, ies. Not much hope from that quarter. As a result, I would like to take this op­ the Minister of War. Morgenthau sug!ffeested And that, I believe, leaves only one alter­ portunity to share with my colleagues a that the Central Government was probably native to cut OPEC-fixed on prices; open letter I received recently from Dickran not to blame for the massacres. up the abundant U.S. energy sources until H. Boyajian of Watertown, Mass. "Of course," he continued, "I know that the cartel crumbles under the pressure of the Cabinet would never order such terrible supply and demand. How can that be done? Through his scholarly, sensitive insights things as have ta.ken place. You and Tale.at It can be done, in my opinion, as follows: Mr. Boyajian succeeds in providing addi­ and the rest of the Committee can hardly 1. Decontrol oil, gas and electric power. tional insight into the 1915 tragedy and be held responsible. Undoubtedly your sub­ Higher prices will work wonders for conser­ the meaning House Joint Resolution 148 ordinates have gone much further than you vation and for capital investment. The poor, has for thousands of Americans. His let­ have ever intended. I realize that it is not like everybody else, will gain when prices ter follows: always easy to control your underlings." come down again by increased supply. The "You are greatly mistaken" answered En­ alternative is an energy shortage with high­ THE FIRST GENOCIDE OF THE 20TH CENTURY ver. "We have this country absolutely under er prices, anyway, and that hits the poor COMMEMORATIVE OBSERVANCES control. I have no desire to shift the blame even harder. Government taxes on gasoline Peaceful demonstrations, commemorative on our underlings and I am entirely willing will not increase the supply; if past expe­ mass meetings, expressions of anger and even to accept the responsiblllty myself for rience is any guide, they will be used for emotional outbursts may be evidenced dur­ everything that has ta.ken place. The Cabi­ further wars on poverty that cure nobody's ing the observances of the Sixtieth Anni­ net itself has ordered the deportations. I am poverty except that of its administrators. versary of the crime of Genocide committed convinced that we are completely justified 2. Open up the continental shelves for oil by the Turks on the Armenians, with a defi­ in doing this owing to the hostile attitude of exploration; open u:p the vast deposits of nite plan to exterminate the Armenian na­ the Armenians toward the Ottoman Gov­ low-sulfur coal in the West. In North Dakota., tion. ernment, but we are the real rulers of Turkey the land covering five million tons of coal Such incidents and irate expressions should and no underling would dare proceed in a supports only five cows. Not all strip mining evoke compassion and sympathy, not con­ matter of this kind without our orders." is of the West Virginia. kind. In Wyoming, demnation and criticism. After all it was (p.231) there are 400-ft. coal sea.ms close under the the Armenians who suffered untold miseries Enver's accusation that the Armenians surface, and they do not lie under Yellow­ and tortures, pllage and plunder, sorrow and had a "hostile attitude toward the Ottoman stone Park; they lie in desolate and almost pain, destruction and death, and they should Government" is contradicted by his own uninhabited country. Speed up the develop­ not be denied the right to commemorate words uttered months before the massacres ment of in situ processes to produce oil from their losses in righteous condemnation com­ and deportations began. oil shale. parable to the enormity and ruthlessness of MASSACRES AND DEPORTATIONS 3. Make environmental restriction two­ the crime. In the Report of the American Mission, sided: consider not only what a. new energy There are some who ask: Why not forgive facility will do to somebody's view from his headed by Major General James G. Ha.rbord, and forget? Yes, why not? But one must not published in the Congressional Record, May window, but also what may eventually hap­ forget that forgiveness can only be given af­ pen to him and everybody else if such fa­ 29, 1920, as Senate Document 266, we read: ter an admission of guilt and repentance on "Massacres and deportations were orga­ cilities are not built. Make judges sit on the the pa.rt of the perpetrators of the crime who horns of a. genuine dilemma (that, after all, nized in the Spring of 1915 under definite conspired to eliminate an entire nation with system, the soldiers going from town to t.own. 1s their job), not on a deck always stacked no compassion to spare even babes-in-arms, in favor of the status quo. The official reports of the Turkish govern­ the weak and the ailing, the old and the ment show 1,100,000 as having been deported. 4. Combat anti-technological and emo­ invalid. tional attitudes by ta.king the facts and fig­ Young men were first summoned to the gov­ Can the crime of genocide, or any crime of ernment building in each village and then ures to the people. Show that pollution 1s such magnitude be forgotten, ever? Can we not a necessary by-product of technology, marched out and killed. The women, the old 1n the United States forget December 7 men and children were, after a few days, but that more and better technology is which our late and lamented President needed to combat pollution. Calculate the deported to what Talaa.t Pasha. called 'agri­ Franklin Delano Roosevelt, aptly character­ cultural colonies', from the high, cool, price tags of abundant energy, and the even ized as "a day of infamy"? Wounds may breeze-swept plateau of Armenia to the higher price tags of energy shortages. Use heal but the scars left on the body will al­ the facts to dispel anti-nuclear superstitions. malarial flats of the Euphrates and the burn­ ways be constant reminders of both the ing sands of Syria and Arabia. The dead Do not let Ralph Nader's phony fables go wounds and the persons who inflicted them. unanswered. How many people know, for ex­ from this wholesale attempt on the race are ample, that every time Ralph Nader flies to PERPETRATORS OF THE CRIME variously estimated from 500,000 to more some campus to deliver one of his speeches Literally thousands of books, pamphlets, than one million, the usual figure being on the "radioactive society," he gets a 100 papers and articles have been written in about 800,000. times bigger dose of radiation than he will many languages apprising the world of the "Driven on foot under a fierce summer sun, get in his lifetime from nucelar power untold miseries suffered by the Armenians. robbed of their clothes and such petty ar­ plants? We are not, after all, in most of these at the hands of the Turks throughout many ticles as they carried, prodded by bayonet cases, dealing with opinions and hypotheses, centuries, especially during the horrible if they lagged, starvation, typhus, and dys­ but with well defined and measurable years from 1915 through 1918, when the life entery left thousands dead by the trail quantities. of the Armenian nation was threatened to side. The ration was a pound of bread every Let me summarize my position. There is extinction. alternate day, which many did not receive, no exhaustion, there is an abundance of It has been proven beyond any doubt that and later a small daily sprinkling of meal on energy; but the access to it is blocked by most of the orders for deportation and mas­ the palm of the outstretched hand was the economic, political and ideological obstacles. sacres of the Armenians were issued by only food. Many perished from thirst or were April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11599 killed as they attempted to slake thirst after cruelty of which had no precedence in the long time a.go-I rode on the first train be­ crossing of running streams. Numbers were recorded history of mankind. tween Thomasville and Fitzgerald. I don't murdered by savage Kurds, against whom The Resolution known as H.J. Res. 143 sub­ think I was over seven years old. I'd run the Turkish soldiers afforded no protec­ mitted in Congress jointly by the House Ma­ from one side of that rallroa.d car to the tion.... " jority Leader, Hon. Thomas P. (Tip) O'Ne111, other. And it was one vast forest for as far I respectfully submit to the attention of Jr. (D. Mass.), and Congressman Henry Hel­ as you could see. You never could see civili­ the Congress of the United States an excerpt stoski (D. N.J.) and sponsored by many other zation for the entire trip.'' from the Report of the King-Crane Com­ Congressmen, to designate April 24, 1915, as Mr. Balfour arose, walked around his desk mission also. "National Day of Remembrance of 'Man's In­ and said, "I suppose this is the only thing We read in the Report: humanity to Man'," deserves a unanimous in this room older than me." He indicated "They (the massacr~s) have not been acceptance in the House and the Senate of the most magn1ficent cross section of tree crimes of passion of the moment. And they the United States. This statement "Man's In­ I had ever seen. "It's 401 years old, according have involved cruelties horrible beyond de­ humanity to Man" symbolizes the crime of to its growth rings. That's original growth scription. Genocide committed by the Turks against the long leaf (pine) and you could write the "For it must not be forgotten that this Armenians, and it is only fitting and proper American history on it.'' thing was not done in a corner. The evidence that April 24, 1915, be recognized as the day The woodsman then read the story printed for few events in history has been more care­ best illustrating "Genocide"-a word coined by nature in the long leaf cross section, fully gathered, sifted and ordered. The years after the first genocide in the 20th telling me of its hard years, which side faced Bryce report upon 'The Treatment of Arme­ century. north and which south, and how the top n1ans in the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916,' The purpose of the Armenians to seek such of this forest giant had died. "I found it leaves no room for doubt of the essential recognition is not to encourage a desire for five or six years a.go, growing out there facts. It is idle to attempt to deny it or vengeance, nor to inflame the hatred existing among the wire grass and turkey a.corns. You appreciably to mitigate its force. between the two neighboring peoples, but to remember that. That's where you'll find the "Lord Bryce, himself a trained historian bring to the attention of the civilized world long leaf, in the wire grass and turkey says of the report: 'Nothing has been ad­ the need for an equitable solution of the acorns." mitted the substantial truth of which seems Armenian problem, hoping that the voice of Mr. Balfour sat down a.gain, leaned back in open to reasonable doubt.' And in estimating truth and the call of justice will find an his chair and did what he called sermonizing. the value of the evidence he calls attention awakened conscience and a sympathetic atti­ I thought of it as wire grass prose and poetry. to these facts: (1) 'Nearly all of it comes tude in the hearts and minds of all the He talked of the salt-tinged Gulf breeze from eye witnesses,' (2) 'The main facts rest peoples of the world. washing through eddies of pine forest.a to be­ upon evidence coming from different and in­ come the most enchanting perfume known dependent sources,' (3) Facts of the same, to mankind. "You can go into the Temple of or of very similar nature, occurring in differ­ God, the biggest in the United States, and ent places, are deposed to by different and you can feel it spiritually. But you can go independent witnesses'-including Danish PINEY WOODS ARE HIS LIFE into the piney woods, where nothing can mo­ and German witnesses; (4) 'The volume of lest your thoughts, look at the tops of those this concurrent evidence from different quar­ huge, original trees and you can realize that ters is so large as to establish the main fact HON. DAWSON MATHIS man didn't make them. You realize there's beyond all questions'; (5) 'In particular ts OF GEORGIA something beyond you. I can't say it because it to be noted tha.t many of the most shock­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it's beyond saying. It's a feeling, and how do ing and horrible accounts are those for you really describe a feeling?" which there is the most abundant testimony Wednesday, April 23, 1975 It occurred to me that perhaps Robert Bal­ from the most trustworthy neutral witnesses. Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, recently four has described his feeling for the forests None of these cruelties rest on .native evi­ the Atlanta Constitution printed an in­ with actions, reforestation ... which isn't dence alone." to say he's bad with words either. And he adds: "A recollection of previous terview with one of my constituents, Mr. "Mr. Balfour, if you're 87 (I was tempted massacres will show that such crimes are a Robert C. Balfour of Thomasville, Ga., an to ask for his birth certificate), what makes part of a long settled and often repeated pol­ accomplished forester and exceptional you so youthful in looks, actions and out­ icy of Turkish rulers." . . . "The attempts conservationist. Among the last of the look? Do you jog?" made to find excuses for wholesale slaughter rugged individualists, Mr. Balfour's opti­ "No, but I walk two and one-half miles and for the removal of a whole people from mistic and self-reliant attitude merits ea.ch day in 30 minutes. And I swim 15 laps its homes leave no room for doubt as to the the emulation of all Americans. A sample at the YMCA." slaughter and the removal. The main facts "Oh.'' Kiddingly, I asked, "Is that all?" are established by the confession of the crim­ of Mr. Balfour's 87 years of accumulated "I think the real secret to long life, mine inals themselves." . . . "The disapproval of wisdom and insight are revealed in the anyway, ls that nobody can stay mad with palllations which the Turks have put forward newspaper's interview and I commend it me. If you get mad and go out of this office, ls as complete as the proof for the atrocities to the attention of my colleagues in the I'm gonna beat you home and we'll have an themselves." House and the Senate: understanding no later than noon." A former Turkish Minister to Sweden, [From the Atlanta Constitution, Apr. 21, Robert C. Balfour Jr. walks gently through Mehmed Cheri! Pasha, in a letter to the edi­ 1975) life. Flowers grow in his footprints. tor of "Journal de Gen.eve" and later pub.; PINEY WOODS ARE Hrs LIFE lished in the "New York Times" on Septem­ ber 21, 1915, branded "the Armenian atroci­ THOMASvn.LE.-Robert c. Balfour Jr. leaned ties perpetrated under the present regime forward in his chair and apologized for "ser­ HAWKINS-HUMPHREY FULL­ (young Turks) as surpassing the savagery of moni-zing." He wasn't really. It's just that the EMPLOYMENT BILL Genghis Kahn and Tamerlane." ... If there is man has a reverence for nature, having spent a race which has been closely connected with most of his life in the piney woods. the Turks by its fidelity, by its service to the Mr. Balfour has been cutting and growing HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL country, by t he statesmen and functionaries trees for most of his 87 years, the latter ac­ OF NEW YORK tivity as important to him as the former. He of talent It has furnished, by the Intelligence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which it has manifested in all domains-­ explained, "I'm not a bragging man, but I've commerce, industry, science and the arts-it always preached that I will leave my land in Wednesday, April 23, 1975 is certainly the Armenians. better shape than when I got it. That will be something to brag a.bout." Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, as unem­ "Alas! At the thought that a people so The interviewer was getting upset because ployment approaches 9 percent many gifted, which has served as the fructifying the original intent was to talk a.bout Mr. Americans who have been untouched by soil for the renovation of the Ottoman Em­ Balfour's new book. Here I found myself the curse of poverty since the great de­ pire, is on the point of disappearing from more interested in the man than the book. pression are once again beginning to feel history-not enslaved, as were the Jews by (The book wlll have to wait.) the Assyrians, but annihila.ted--even the its ravages, which the poor have expe­ Mr. Balfour recalled, "When I got out of rienced on a daily basis for decades. most hardened heart must bleed, and I de­ Davidson College I began cruising timber for sire, through the medium of your estimable my father. I'm not a graduate forester but I The American people demand that the journal, to express to this race which is being Government take drastic action to head assassinated my anger toward the butchers am a self-made forester. What I learned was on the ground. And I've stayed in the woods off another depression. The Congress and immense pity for the victims." must act, and act quickly if our current It is to be noted that Mehmed Cheri! Pasha just about ever since then ... just about." was the son of Said Pasha, the first Grand I asked, "Since you're a native of Thomas­ economic crisis is to be remedied. Vizier of Turkey under the new constitution. ville, do you have any vivid memories of the Fortunately the tools necessary to I could go on citing innumerable instances early days?" Are those memories connect ed speed our economy to a quick recovery to prove the monstrocity of the men in the with the piney woods?" exist in this Chamber, and it is up to the commission of a crime the enormity and "That's right. When I was a kid-that's a Congress to use them. One of these tools 11600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 is the Hawkins-Humphrey full employ­ greatly with the hourly wages paid by Mr. Speaker, the three articles from ment bill which I enthusiastically sup­ most of private industry. Those people the April 22, 1975, New York Times port. If enacted, this bill would provide who now are unable to find jobs would follow: this country with the means necessary be given the opportunity to provide them­ [From the New York Times, Apr. 22, 1975] to pry loose unemployment from our selves and their families with an ade­ WALKING SoJ!'TL Y backs and help eliminate poverty from quate income while enjoying the dignity (By William V. Shannon) our shores. that is inherent in doing an honest days WASHINGTON.-The defeat of American This bill would establish a comprehen­ work. It is my belief that no one should policy in Cambodia and Vietnam underscores sive and permanent structure which be forced to accept unemployment checks the need for a clearer understanding of this would guarantee meaningful and useful when they are willing and able to work. nation's world role. It is necessary to look employment at a decent wage to every This bill would relieve this discrepancy. beyond the guilt, the disappointment and adult American willing and able to work. I call on my colleagues to join me in the recrimination of today. This new policy would contrast sharply supporting this absolutely essential bill, The milltary intervention in Indochlha if marked the farthermost extension of this with the current practice of setting a which enacted, would lay the ground­ country's involvement in every remote and tolerable level of unemployment for a work for our economy's recovery. peripheral struggle against Communist narrowly defined force generally the power. For years, the United States has been poor, black, and powerless in our Nation. trying to undo that mistake and retract to This :figure very seldom represents the THE VIETNAM ISSUE: CONGRESS strategic positions a.round the world that a.re true extent of the problem as far as SHOULD PROCEED WITH CAUTION clearly in accord with national interests and these groups see it. are therefore viable and defensible. The need is for a coherent foreign policy Unemployment in many black com­ HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS that is based on something less than the munities throughout the Nation runs as OF NEW JERSEY :flamboyant globalism of the Truman Doc­ high as 14 percent, and is nearly three IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trine of 1947 but that ls not a retreat into times as high for black teenagers. In America First isolationism. The United States many industries such as the construc­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 cannot "go it alone" but neither can it be tion industry, unemployment is as high Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. the world's policeman, investigating every as 25 per.cent. These :figures represent a Speaker, yesterday's New York Times political mugging and every ideological al­ tercation on every block. Former President series of isolated depressions that contained two editorials and a thought..: Nixon tried to reformulate American foreign threaten the entire economy, but are ful article reflecting on current events in policy but, in rhetoric and in practice, his not reflected by our current national un­ South Vietnam. Nixon Doctrine was President Truman's employment index. I have already expressed my concern globalism warmed over. Probably the most important thing this about the wisdom of U.S. troop place­ In several recent speeches, President Ford bill would accomplish is the employment ment in South Vietnam to assist in the has done more to demonstrate the need for of millions of Americans who are now on evacuation process. Such military inter­ a restatement of American policy than to unemployment and public assistance vention, however innocent it may appear answer that need. Instead of cutting past losses, he has dwelled on them and even rolls. In addition to the increased money on the surface, could provoke the North magnified them. Thus, in addressing news­ supply that would be generated, this new Vietnamese Army into an all-out attack paper editors last week, he reiterated his army of once idle workers could generate on Saigon. The mere presence of the view that if only Congress had appropriated their energies to deal with the problems U.S. military could be used as a justi­ all the n1llita.ry aid funds requested. for that have plagued our society for dec­ fication of such an attack by the North South Vietnam over the last two years, the ades. These poeple would not be engaged Vietnamese. Do we really wish to provide "tragic situation" there might never have occurred. in "busy work." Instead they would be them with an excuse? Why are troops Such analysis and such speculations a.re employed in meaningful jobs that would needed now, when the evacuation of worse than fanciful. They are unbecoming to pay wages rather than give handouts. American personnel and their dependents an American President. Undoubtedly, the So­ The construction of much needed water has been accomplished for the most part? viet Union and China have continued to be pollution facilities and energy producing Who are the South Vietnamese nationals zealous in aiding their political clients in plants, for instance, would contribute to that are now being evacuated? Who is Indochina., while the United States has grad­ the betterment of our country and would, responsible for determining which South ually reduced a.id to its clients. But at the Vietnamese nationals will be evacuated, reduced level, American aid was stlll sub­ in turn provide even greater stimulus to stantial. Moreover, the sudden spectacular our sagging economy. and what is their order of priorities? collapse of South Vietnam's armed forces It is truly a paradox of our economic Mr. Speaker, I hope my colleagues will was not ca.used by any immediate or prospec­ system that unemployment could be reflect on these questions, and I hope they tive lack of weapons and equipment. This nearing 9 percent when so much remains will also keep in mind the fact that rout was due to poor generalship and a to be done. Our economy is going through South Vietnam is falling because its own crumbling of morale in the army. a transition and it is up to the Congress leaders and its own army literally de­ Unlike the Russians and the Chinese, to to serted it in its darkest hour. Americans could not fight a war by proxy provide the leadership connect the in Indochina because a.id alone was not needs of our society with our currently I do not think we need to flagellate enough to sustain its political clients. In­ Idle human resources. our national conscience with imaginary tensive bombing by the United St111tes Air Congress must strike hard and fast if guilt feelings. We have done all that any Force and support by United Staltes ground our economic problems are to be con­ one country could do to help South Viet­ troops were necessary as well. In the light curred. A course of action that provides nam. We have spent $150 billion and we of those facts, President Ford ls reading the an incomplete dose of economic medicine have lost 50,000 young American lives wrong lesson in the Indochina defeats. would doom our economy to a relapse and in our attempt to help. I do not believe The Presldent also misses the mark in his inevitably, further decline. Unfortu­ we should risk any further military in­ recurrent criticisms of a "new isolationism" volvement in South Vietnam, and I hope and his warnings that the United States can­ nately, up until now, the proposed solu­ not "withdraw from One World and go it tions to the unemployment problem my colleagues will be alert to the risk alone.'' Isolationism would be an unconvlnc­ would not provide enough jobs to fully that is inherent in sending American lng theme for any President of a nation that activate our economy. troops into Saigon, albeit for an innocent stations troops in West Germany and South The Hawkins-Humphrey unemploy­ PUrPOse. Korea, had a naval fleet patrolling the Medi· Mr. Speaker, the articles from the New terranean, and ls actively engaged in seeking ment bill would give our economy the York Times bring certain realities con­ a peaceful settlement in the Middle East. shot in the arm that it needs to get mov­ cerning the South Vietnamese conflict Americans a.re seeking-more earnestly ing again. It would provide a framework perhaps than at any time since the inter- from which our economy could rebuild into clear focus, and I am sure my col- leagues will benefit from the thought­ ventionist vs. isolationist debat.e of 1939-41- itself. ful views that have been expressed re­ to define the scope and character of their Once recovered, our economy would garding U.S. responsibilities that have country's involvement in world affairs. In­ again be able to absorb the majority of stead of clarifying this complex problem. been and are being fulfilled, and the re­ President Ford overshoots the mark by urg­ those who were provided jobs under this sponsibilities of the South Vietnamese ing the impossible or warning against the bill. The minimum hourly wage that this Government, which were clearly abdi­ implausible. bill would provide would not compete cated. Whether President Ford and Secretary ot April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11601 StMe Kissinger find 1t congenial or not, they impede this process, and there is every rea­ to deliver the largesse of the United States-­ can in the next two yea.rs shape American son to continue the evacuation of a.11 but the the troops, planes and missiles, and the mill­ foreign policy successfully only if they genu­ most essential American personnel from tary and economic supplies that kept the inely share the intellectual and political bur­ 8aigon. The presence of thousands of Ameri­ society more or less together as it enriched den With the opposition-controlled Congress. cans in the besieged capital has only posed the ruling group of Saigon. Such sharing need not be a prescription for -an extra irritant in recent weeks; their main But his program for leadership prescribed weakness. President Truman, as politically function was to assist, in one way or another, war; there was no room in it either for com­ belea.gured in 1947-48 a.s Mr. Ford is today, in a war effort which has now collapsed. promise With his non-Communist polltica.l cooperated successfully with the opposition­ Continued evacuation now in no way pre­ enemies or for the kind of compromise peace controlled 80th Congress. Republican leaders cludes ongoing American assistance in ref­ that the world was a.llowed to believe had were closely consulted in ma.king policy With ugee relief and other emergency humani­ been achieved in Parts. When that war policy respect to the Marshall Plan, and there was tarian functions, however, if requested by the failed, through his own strategic errors as dB much of Republican Arthur Vandenberg new civil authorities. Evacuation of thou­ well as the crumbling of his American main­ as there was of Democrat Harry Truman in sands of Vietnamese who may feel in danger stay, President Thieu could no longer main­ the Truman Doctrine. from their past close as.sociations with the tain his near-autocratic rule over the people If it is to work With Congress in evolving United States mission can now become a of Vietnam. an American foreign policy backed by a matter for orderly negotiations among the broad bipartisan consensus, the Ford Adm.in· Vietnamese parties. istration has to recognize that popular sup­ South Vietnam's future remains cloudy MEMO ON A SOLUTION FOR port for the old policies in Southeast Asia a.nd the tragedy of the Vietnamese people is has vanished. The Democratic majorities in far from over. But the capita.I city of Saigon, SOUTH VIETNAM Congress a.re not being blind or willful in its normal population swollen by refugees disregarding the Ford-Kissinger recommen­ from the :fighting all a.round, has presuzna.bly dations. They a.re responding to the readily been spa.red the fate of an enemy conquest HON. BOB CARR perceived course of public opinion. In place that until yesterday had seemed so OF MICHIGAN of the ghosts of yesterday's policies, the Ad­ imminent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ministration and Congress together can cre­ ••• AFTER PRESIDENT THIEU Wednesday, April 23, 1975 ate new and viable policies for the future on The bitterness toward the United States the basis of equality and cooperation. Only with which President Thieu left office reflects Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, Nguyen Thai on tha,t basis is success possible in a divided his mistaken belief that the Paris "peace" was born in 1930 in Hue. He came to the Government and a perplexed and question­ agreements were in fact his license to con­ United States in 1950 and accepted a ing nation. tinue the wa.r under another guise. From scholarship in the Southeast Asia pro­ what has now been learned about former gram sponsored by Cornell University. In NEXT STEPS IN VIETNAM President NiXon•s secret correspontlence 1954, he returned to South Vietnam to The resignation of Nguyen Van Thieu as prior to South Vietnam's reluctant adherence assume a position in the Diem govern­ President of South Vietnam lessens the prob­ to those accords, it is reasona.ble to conclude ment serving at one time as Assistant ability of a bloody fight to the finish that that his American a.Illes did little to disabuse President Thieu of this conviction. Administrator for American Aid. He left had been haunting the city of Saigon. An the Diem government when it became entirely new situation now exists, and the The war never stopped in Vietnam. The Vietnamese parties have a.t la.st a clear op­ attempt to embark on an era of national clear that reform efforts were not well portunity for an orderly political evolution reconciliation, in a.11 the pious terms ham­ received. In 1962 he accepted an Asso­ consistent with the 1973 Paris agreements. mered out in Paris, never got under way. ciate Neiman fellowship at Harvard and With ten divisions of the North Vietnamese Only when the full diplomatic correspond­ upon completion once again returned to Army still ringing the South Vietnamese ence is released for public inspection will it South Vietnam, this time as a private capital, and three-quarters of the country be possible to know for certain this was the tacit intent of Saigon and Washington all businessman. severed from Saigon's political and military In 1969 Mr. Thai accepted a request to authority, there can be no illusions about a.long. where the power lies a.t this Juncture. Nor Enough 1s known now, however, to indicate assist South Vietnam's Special Adviser can Saigon nuture any realistic hope of pur­ that President Thieu was given to believe to the Paris Peace Talks but withdrew in suing further the ruinous policy that brought that he could count on Washington's mili­ disagreement with Thieu's policies. President Thieu to his downfall. The situ­ tary and political support for his Govern­ Mr. Thai has prepared an analysis of ation in Vietnam is far more complicated ment to an extent far beyond the written Thieu's strategy in dealing with the than a straightforward military conquest agreements signed in Paris. States, and suggests some noteworthy of one country by another, however, and One after another, Administration officials were dispatched to Saigon to assure President alternatives for South Vietnam. I feel talks toward a polltical settlement will not that it should be required reading not necessarily be the equivalent of negotiation Thieu that the United States regarded his as by victor's diktat. the "sole legitimate Government" in South only at the State Department and De­ For weeks pa.st, representatives of the pro­ Vietnam; the carefully evolved program for partment of Defense, but also here in the Communist Provisional Revolutionary Gov­ political compromise defined in Paris disap­ Congress. ernment have assured neutral diploma.ts peared quickly from subsequent American I insert it in the RECORD at this point: that they stood prepared to enter political rhetoric in favor of praise for the "develop ment of political institutions and . . . the MEMO ON A SOLUTION FOR SoUTH VIETNAM negotiations with a. Saigon Government more {By Nguyen Thai) representative and more committed to the politica.l stabll1ty that has prevailed in South Paris accords than the regime of President Vietnam." These emissaries, President Thieu TIUEU'S WITHDRAWALS IN SOUTH VIETNAM Thieu. There are indications that Hanoi's declared yesterday, further committed the Within the last two weeks the Saigon gov­ overwhelming forces have deliberately held United States to prevent any new North ernment abandoned nearly half of South back from direct attack on the capital for Vietnamese "aggression," a commitment ab­ Vietnam's territory, including the politically the past several days, in the expectation that sent from any of the offlcia.l documents which important city of Hue and several strate­ General Thieu would withdraw. the Nixon Administration conveyed to Con­ gically located areas in the Highlands which Under the Paris agreements, South Viet­ gress. had costed so much U.S. and Vietnamese nam's political future is to be determined Secretary of State :Kissinger admitted blood to occupy before. by a National Council of Reconcllia.tion and earlier this month that President Thieu had Meanwhile in radio broadcasts to South Concord, composed in equal measure of rep­ received promise of "vigorous reaction" from Vietnamese, Thieu explained that the With­ resentatives from the P.R.G., the Saigon this country in the event that North Viet­ drawals from the Highlands were necessitated Government and a. third group of mutually nam violated the truce on a large sea.le. How­ by strategic considerations and gave reas­ acceptable politicians unaffiliated With either ever, the Congress had banned further Amer­ surances that he would never give up the force. ican military engagement in Indochina as ancient imperial capital of Hue." The French Government, which has been early as August, 1973; hence any promise of In Saigon, as usual Thieu made believe actively media.ting behind the scenes for sev­ "vigorous reaction" involving an American that any policy decision he took had the eral weeks, took the initiative yesterday in full concurrence and support of the U.S. combat role was a promise which from that administration which never failed to grant proposing the urgent commencement of talks date on, could not possibly be fulfilled. toward the formation of such a council. Even him the military and eoonomic aid he re­ before that possibly cumbersome process gets President Thieu's decade in offl.ce turned quested. Whether or not this time Thieu's under way, military representatives of the out to be disastrous for the peol?le of South sudden decision to Withdraw so drastically two Vietnamese sides could well meet at Vietnam. He did bring to their government had the support of the U.S., it undeniably Saigon's Tan Son Nhut airport to agree on a strong central leadership to replace the created disastrous consequences. Strategic an immediate cease-fl.re in place, pending sertes of coups and shifting Juntas that withdrawal or not, the abandoning of nearly dlscus.51ons in which Hanoi and the P.R.G. threatened the nation with collapse from half of South Vietnam in two weeks critical- may not remain in total accord. within; but throughout his tenure his ly weakened Saigon's position against Com­ The United States should do nothing to strongest prop was his near-certain ability munists. 11602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975

THmu's MANEUVERS cha.nee to adopt in South Vietnam a policy In my opinion, it is completely unfair What Thieu might have intended to which, though friendly to Communism, may to force senior citizens to live on below­ achieve was to silence his non-Communist be neutralist to benefit the long range in­ average incomes. It is contrary to self­ opposition which was becoming increasingly terests of the Vietnamese people as a whole respect and the American tradition of in­ vocal and to force it to side with him during (See point 5 of the PRG Peace Proposal on dividual initiative. this crisis which threatens to bring the final page 2 of the attached MNR Bulletin) . I base this legislation on three con­ collapse of South Vietnam. EMERGENCE OF NEUTRALIST THIRD FORCE siderations: On the U.S. side, Thieu might have hoped In the present circumstances the emer­ First. The present limitation, which that his tragic withdrawal could prompt a gence of the neutralist third force to par­ reluctant Congress to quickly vote further ticipate in the CNR is very delicate matter. reduces social security benefits when the a.id in order to help Saigon solve its urgent Non-Communist leaders opposed to Thieu retired person earns in excess of $2,400 refugee problem and to a.void the blame for do exist. But the success or failure ot the per year, forces many senior citizens to having betrayed an ally. neutralist elements in the CNR will depend live on below-average incomes. In a time Thus once again Thieu maneuvered to ap­ on the composition and the criteria which of rampant inflation, it is virtually im­ peal to U.S. conscience and prestige in order determine the selection of neutralist repre­ possible for social security benefits to to force the U.S. administration to continue sentatives. The latter most of all must pre­ keep pace. A lowering spiral of living dealing with him as the sole existing legal sent a united front to reflect the legitimate government in South Vietnam. aspirations of the majority of the South Viet­ standards is inevitable for these retired If worse comes to worse and his maneuvers namese population. They must also be tech­ persons. fail to convince either the U.S. Congress or nically competent enough to solve the urgent Second. The present limitation applies the South Vietnamese opposition, Thieu problems of South Vietnam. only to earned income, not to investment could still expect to hang on to power until Beside the criteria of representativenes.s income. So those who are fortunate the final collapse of Saigon to Communists and competence, in the selection process enough to have accumulated investments and thus make sure that no non-Communist of the neutralist representatives in the CNR in stocks and bonds, savings accounts, opposition could replace him in power. 1t 1s important to identify the qualffled rep­ rental properties, and so on can have U.S. POLICY ALTERNATIVES resentatives of the major religious and po­ litical groups of South Vietnam, to know unlimited income from these sources. 1. Stick with Thieu: If the U.S. decides to But those who have no such investments stick with Thieu and tries to save whatever exactly who is who, who 1s related to whom in what way and who ca.n trust whom. Any are precluded from supplementing their is left of South Vietnam, it may have to social security with any susbtantial resume massive bombings on North Vietnam random selection which disregards these in­ and newly-controlled Communist strong­ tricate relationships will most likely doom amounts of earnings. holds in the South in order to stall the the neutralist representatives at the outset Third. The principle of an earnings final collapse of Saigon. It is doubtful that and also discredit the CNR as a political limitation is wrong. these massive bombings will save South Viet­ solution. Social security is not and was never nam from a Communist take-over because in March 25, 1975. intended to be a form of welfare. It has the past, under better conditions, they failed been earned by American workers and to do so and because they cannot help Thieu their employers who have paid the cost correct his basic political weaknesses. Even­ SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM tually events will take their course in South AMENDMENTS of this program through payroll taxes. Vietnam and at this point the U.S. will In most cases, workers pay far more in have to adopt a hands-off policy, but in this taxes during a lifetime of work than case the responsibility for the final collapse HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG they can possibly draw in benefits. To of Saigon will rest on the U.S. OF COLORADO deny them something they have paid for, 2. Dissociate from Thieu: If on the other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at least a partial return on their pay­ hand the U.S. decides now to dissociate itself Wednesday, April 23, 1975 ments, is completely unfair. from the Thieu regime which has obstructed Many Americans have no need or wish the implementation of the 1973 Paris Peace Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, today to work beyond normal retirement age. Agreement (PPA), then this agreement to I am introducing the Social Security Re­ which the U.S. is a signatory, could provide But millions of others need the extra the legal and practical framework for the form Amendments of 1975. income and enjoy the activity which part U.S. to solve its present Vietnam dilemmas. These reform amendments are aimed or full-time work provides. The PPA provides for the creation of the at helping those Americans who have It is long past time for us to stop Council for National Reconciliation (CNR) worked and sacrificed and paid social se­ penalizing those Americans who need or in which representatives of the GVN (Saigon curity taxes for years. want to be productive workers and who government), PRG (South Vietnamese Com­ The main features of this legislation deserve far better treatment than the munists) and non-Communist neutralists are: will play an equal role in deciding the politi­ present law allows. First. Repeal of the earnings limita­ REPEAL OF LIVING-IN-SIN LAWS cal future of South Vietnam. tion for social security recipients; ADVANTAGE OF THE COUNCIL FOR NATIONAL Second. Repeal of the so-called living­ My bill also repeals the living-in-sin RECONCILIATION in-sin provisions of current social se­ provisions of social security. In a nut­ For U.S.: With the creation of the CNR curity law; shell, these restrictive clauses, retained through which the South Vietnamese people Third. Equal treatment for widows and in the name of economy, have little econ­ may at long la.st exercise their right of self­ widowers, husbands and wives; omy and create only anguish. A widow determination, the political responsibility of and a widower who would like to re­ the U.S. toward the South Vietnamese will Fourth. An optional exemption of so­ be greatly mitigated. And should the U.S. cial security recipients 65 and over from marry, but cannot afford the financial decide to give humanitarian relief to the loss, are forced either to deny themselves paying further social security taxes; - what happiness they might have together millions of South Vietnamese war refugees Fifth. Repeal of provisions which force and non-military aid for the rehabilitation or often to go against their long-held of the war-devastated country, the CNR will beneficiary's heirs to return a check al­ beliefs and live together unmarried. be the proper channel which will minimize ready "earned" and mailed; In either case, the Government is the risks of corruption and misuse. Sixth. Partial reform of the medicare creating unhappiness as well as denying For South Vi etnamese: At this critical billing system for doctors' services; and benefits earned rightfully over years of moment, it is a big question whether or Seventh. Elimination of the 5-month work. not the political solution provided for by the waiting period for social security dis­ The present law is an affront to the PPA will save South Vietnam from a Com­ ability. munist take-over. But caught in the present dignity of older Americans, respected desperate situation, non-Communist South REPEAL OF THE EARNINGS LIMITATION citizens often struggling in relative Pov­ Vietnamese see that as the only hope avail­ One of the most unfair sections of erty to retain their own self-respect. Re­ able. And especially if the U .S. supports this present social security law is the earn­ peal of the living-in-sin provisions of political solution, it will h a ve a t reme ndous ings limitation. Applying welfare-type the current Social Security Act is the morale-boosting effect on the South Viet­ concepts · of earnings limitations to the least we can do for them. namese who will then get a chance to exercise their right of self-determination. social security program makes second­ EQUAL BENEFITS FOR MEN AND WOMEN For Vietnamese Commu nists: For the class citizens out of millions of retired Times have changed drastically over Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Americans. At present, social security the past quarter century, especially in Vietnam) and the Provisional Revolutionary benefits are reduced $1 for every $2 the increasing number of women work­ Government (South Viet namese Commu­ earned by a recipient--except for those ing-and the trend of working women is nists), the CNR solution may give them a over age 72. going to increase. We are already seeing April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11603 househusbands as well as housewives-­ care does. Because of the other expenses trist in Columbia, S.C. Like most optom­ but once again, there is no provision in of his wife's illness he does not have the etrists, he has been concerned for years the law to fairly deal with the changing funds to pay the four specialists required. about the widespread incidence of faulty times. His only alternative is to borrow the vision among schoolchildren, and espe­ If a husband covered by social secu­ money, if he can, pay the bills and hope cially the severe emotional and academ'.ic rity dies, his wife is presumed eligible for medicare can process his reimbursement problems which can result when the child benefits even if she is working, and has before the interest on the loan mounts does not know that he cannot see prop­ always worked. But if a working woman too high. erly. Dr. Brown has said: covered by social security dies, under the But in any case, this system keeps the When a child doesn't know he has a vision current law, her husband must go doctor waiting, effectively increases the problem, he thinks, "I can'·t read this. I must price of health care, and may in fact be dumb." But once his vision is corrected, through an ordeal of proving his de­ he can perform on an equal basis with his pendency, even if he has been totally de­ keep the doctor from ever getting paid. classma,tes . . . in the classroom and on the pendent. The recent Supreme Court deci­ I, therefore, propose that medicare be athletic field. sion only touched a very limited section empowered to pay the doctor his share of the law, leaving the provisions cover­ directly. While this system also has What sets Dr. Brown apart from others ing dependent widowers, for example, drawbacks, such drawbacks are minimal who share his concern is the fact that compared to the present chaos. Dr. Brown decided to do something about uncovered. it. The result is a 14%-minute cartoon Without a change in the law, social DISABILITY WAITING PERIOD REDUCTION :film entitled "Dr. Tom and His Magic security could go back to the old system The last section of the reform package Tree." next week and force another series of I am proposing eliminates the present One of the many articles which have legal battles. 5-month waiting period required to ob­ been written about Dr. Brown and his It is time to end this unspoken hypoc­ tain eligibility for social security disa­ film had this to say: risy-the over 30 million working women bility payments. in America deserve the same protection Dr. Brown's life dream has been to find a Right now, a 5-month waiting period way to help youngsters who stumble through for their dependents as working men. is required before a qualified disabled life not realizing they have poor vision. With EXEMPTION FROM FICA TAXES individual can draw disability benefits. the completion of his cartoon film, "Dr. Tom "In this world, nothing is certain but During this waiting period, no disability and His Magic Tree," Dr. Brown's drea.m ts death and taxes," said Benjamin Frank­ benefits, retroactive or otherwise, can be coming true. lin. paid. Until the replacement of local wel­ When he was president of the South For most beneficiaries who have been fare by the supplemental income plan­ Carolina Optometric Association in 1971, covered almost their entire working lives, SSI-last year, a disabled individual Dr. Brown presented his idea for the death comes too soon and the social se­ could draw local welfare. Now, however, fllm at the council's biannual meeting. curity taxes are too high. SSI will not grant benefits until the dis­ The proposal immediately took hold Another absurdity is the payment of abled worker's case is resolved by social among his colleagues, and a production social security taxes by social security security. company in Hollywood offered to put the beneficiaries. Consider this situation, all That means he cannot receive any in­ film together. I have seen the film my­ too common, in my opinion: A worker come for 5 months if he is really dis­ self, Mr. Speaker, and I can assure all must supplement a monthly social secu­ abled. The very system which is supposed parents that it is a first-rate effort. As rity check by working full or part time to protect him denies him any income for one article commented: to make ends meet. Yet even though he 5 months. The cartoon is a slick professional product has paid into social security for over 30 This is utterly absurd. that would have made Walt Disney proud. years, he is further taxed by social secu­ In my district alone, I know of more rity on his meager earnings, meaning he than 20 cases of this nature created by "Dr. Tom and His Magic Tree" is now has to work just that much longer. this particular law. And those are only receiving nationwide recognition. The REFORM OF "LAST CHECK" PROCEDURES the ones which have come to my atten­ television program "Sesame Street'' will Another area of pettiness generated by tion. show the film this summer, and another current laws and regulations is the final This kind of "Catch-22" is utterly ab­ favorite children's program, "Mr. check a beneficiary receives. According surd. It should be changed, and the Rogers," will also use the film, as will to Social Security Administration's reg­ sooner the better. the National ETV Network. The Univer­ ulations, an individual's eligibility ter­ Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to sity of South carolina will serve as the minates the month before he dies. So an join in supporting this meaningful re­ distribution center for "Dr. Tom and His individual can run up bills, but the heirs form of the social security system. These Magic Tree," and the university's divi­ cannot even pay off debts with the check amendments are solid reforms-long sion of educational services has played for that month, even if the individual overdue--to assure those Americans who an active part in creating teaching aid dies on the last day of the month. have supported social security with years materials to accompany the fllm. I personally have come across cases of taxes are treated fairly in the retire­ Mr. Speaker, vision is the most precious where the Social Security Administra­ ment years. of our senses, and as Members of Con­ tion refused to honor checks which were gress, it is important that we encourage properly endorsed and deposited, but did efforts to emphasize good viewing habits not clear the banking system by the time to our young people. Dr. Brown is a per­ of the beneficiary's death. My proposal DR. ELDRIDGE H. BROWN fect example of the dedicated profes­ would not change the benefits or entitle­ sional whose efforts are richly deserving ments of the system in any way, but of both encouragement and recognition HON. FLOYD SPENCE by this body. would simply allow a beneficiary and his OF SOUTH CAROLINA heirs full benefits for the last month the recipient is alive. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 23, 1975 MEDICARE PAYMENT REFORM NEED FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN I have proposed a simple change in the Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, it is always PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS medicare payment system to remedy a gratifying to see recognition come to problem originally brought to me by a those who are deserving because of hard constituent. work, perseverance, and dedication. This HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. A man's wife dies of a sudden illness is especially true when the successful OF CALD'ORNIA requiring expensive hospitalization and individual is not only a constituent but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.8 doctors: services, but she is covered by a long-time close personal friend. Thus, medicare. So his bills can be paid? Hard­ I am especially proud to call the atten­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 ly . . . medicare cannot reimburse him tion of my colleagues to an initiative on Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, one until he has paid the doctors' bills in full. the part of my constituent which will be of the positive aspects of an otherwise Although he has supplementary health of vital interest to all of us, and to our tragic series of events concerning the coverage, his health insurance company clilldren. U.S. relationship to various countries in cannot make any settlement until med!- Dr. Eldridge H. Brown is an optome- Southeast Asia. is the concensus of opin- 11604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 ion in our country on the need to pro­ decided to change course, to withdraw the sponsive chord in me. I felt that I should ceed in a new spirit of cooperation and request for additional military expenditures share it with some of my colleagues, who, bipartisanship between the Congress and in Southeast Asia and in its place to submit a. request for humanitarian assistance only. like me, have so anxiously awaited some the President in the conduct of our for­ Furthermore, he will say that, after careful strong congressional action on energy eign policy. I am encouraged by this evaluation, it is his judgment that this new for the past year and a half since the spirit, the necessity of which is articu­ course will serve the best long-run interests oil embargo. Much to our dismay, the ated in the recent article written by our of the people of Southeast Asia, of America vigor of this year's attempt has begun colleague, Mr. RIEGLE. This article ap­ and the balance of the world. to disintegrate into an instant replay of peared recently in the Los Angeles Times, Such a declaration would trigger standing our previous futile attempts to pass and I include a copy of it for the RECORD: applause in the House chamber and through­ out the nation, not because it is a happy de­ energy legislation. GERALD FORD'S CRUCIAL TEST ON VIETNAM cision but because it's the right one. The Broder article points out a fatal (By DONALD W. RIEGLE, Jr.) The rest of the world would see America. flaw in Senate actions that many of us When President Ford addresses the Joint united again. The consequence for the United in the House have recognized for years. Session of Congress tonight on foreign pol­ States in the world community would be a. The Senate is totally incapable of com­ icy, he will make or break his Administra­ new posture of strength, not weakness. This ing to grips with the problem. It faced tion. strength would be based on national unity the situation by passing a bill no one While there are many urgent foreign poli­ and a realistic concentration of our resources cy issues to consider-various situations in areas where our strategic and moral in­ really worked on, no one really under­ where our strategic interests a.re genuinely terests truly lie. stood, and no one cared about. The involved-the burning issue that wm tell the As to the establishment of a new executive Senate's answer to this year's energy ta.le is Vietnam, a. case where our strategic legislative partnership to reevaluate Ameri­ crisis was to utter a pious hope and pass interests are clearly not involved. can foreign policy objectives and practices, the buck to the President. The reason Vietnam takes on overriding it is my clear sense that Congress would be In an admirable attempt to do what importance is that it poses a crucial test cooperative and responsible if met halfway other House committees could not do in of Gerald Ford, a.s the man and the Presi­ by the executive branch. It should be clear dent. After many agonizing yea.rs of the to both branches that unilateral foreign the past, the House Ways and Means most intense first-hand exposure, Vietnam policy decisions, whether in Southeast Asia., Committee began work in February on is the one foreign policy issue that the Cyprus, the U.S.S.R. or Chile, a.re no longer the Energy Conservation and Con­ American public and Congress understand inte111gent or desirable. We can and must version Act of 1975. After weeks of panel fully as well as the President. In fa.ct, being work together. discussions, weeks of committee debate less insulated than he is, we may well Ford has spoken of his desire to reestab­ and discussion, and a week of something understand it better. lish "Vandenberg-style" bipartisan coopera­ resembling a markup, the committee is So, what Ford says on this, the one issue tion in foreign affairs. The time is ripe for no nearer getting a bill than it was in where his audience can properly apply their genuine partnership, and we can begin now own independent judgment, wm determine with a new policy in Southeast Asia. January. After numerous revisions and how much trust and confidence his listeners To unite on a new policy to provide South­ adjustments, we have a proposal which ca.n have in his assessment of other problems, east Asia with humanitarian aid rather than does not do very much to conserve both foreign and domestic. further military assistance raises a valid and energy, establishes a questionable quota If what he says on Vietnam is a. mindless practical question of the immediate conse­ system from wl1,ich all of New England replay of the 10-year Johnson/Nixon sound­ quences of this policy within the shrinking is exempt, gets the Federal Government track on the issue ( and Ford's own utter­ government enclaves in South Vietnam. into the energy business in a dubious ances in recent weeks), he might as well As to civilians generally, and refugees spe­ discard the rest of his prepared text, for cifically, our humanitarian assistance should fashion, and does not seem to have the whatever it says won't matter. He will be be channeled through international relief support of more than a handful of com­ tuned out, a.s happened to recent Presidents agencies and made available to people in mittee members. before him. need throughout the whole of the area called It appears that if left to its own de­ The American people did not elect this South Vietnam. Such relief agencies are vices, Congress might eventually choose President, and they do not yet know him ready and willing to carry out such an ef­ not to do anything at all about energy. well. They will follow him only as long a.s he fort, if food, medical supplies and other Some people might consider that the leads wisely. If he rides off in the wrong di­ i terns are provided. lesser of two evils, considering our track rection, he will be traveling by himself. There is also the question of the continu­ With the recent climactic events in Viet­ ing buildup of insurgent military pressure record. I happen to believe that we can nam and Cambodia., an overwhelming major­ around the perimeter of the area still held do better than this. I think the Amer­ ity of the American people, after a. decade by South Vietnamese government forces. I ican people will make the necessary sac­ of division and rancor, have broken loose believe existing military supplies within that rifice, if it's done fairly, and if we show from what was left of the old self-deceptions perimeter, and the additional $175 million of some enthusiastic congressional leader­ and myths a.bout Southeast Asia. They have previously appropriated and unexpended ship. come together in a solid national consensus monies from fiscal 1975 for U.S. military I, for one, will vote for a tough energy on America's future role in Southeast Asia. assistance, should be adequate to carry out bill, but I will not support what the Ways Thus the 94th Congress, which has just the evacuations cited earlier, and therefore returned from a week of face-to-face con­ constitute the outer limits of the military and Means Committee is doing. I will not tact with its constituents, is speaking that assistance that can and should be provided by support a bill which will not do the con­ new consensus with one voice: the United States. servation job, except at the expense of -"No more U.S. military expenditures in This new policy should be communicated one region as against another. I will not Southeast Asia." without delay to the insurgent forces, to the support a bill that relies on heavy taxes -"Humanitarian aid, yes. M111ta.ry a.id, United Nations and to all other governments on only component of oil energy. I will no." with the expressed purpose of endeavoring not support a bill just so we can have Now that the American people and their to secure maximum international support I will elected Congress choose to close the book for a stand-still cease-fire, so that the em­ an energy policy. not support a bill on U.S. military involvement in Southeast phasis can be shifted to a political process which does not cushion the price shock Asia., nothing Ford can say or do will change where the Vietnamese themselves would have for the poor. that. The iron fact is that no additional to work out whatever changes in politica.1 In short, the Ways and Means bill, money will be appropriated for military as­ relationships must take place. while a nobler try than the Senate bill sistance in Southeast Asia; that is a final, which David Broder described falls far irreversible judgment. short of what is a necessary eiiergy pol­ So what is really at stake tonight is the CONGRESS AND AMERICA'S ENERGY icy. The Congress is failing again, and credib111ty and future leadership potential POLICY: NOW YOU SEE IT, NOW the people should know it. The brave new of the Ford Administl"a.tion. The cost of YOU DO NOT further propping up of President Thieu will 94th, full of sound fury and reform, and be the loss of malnstreet America. So 1t is willing to debate today around the clock a.n issue and moment of enormous con­ HON. BILL FRENZEL on a war that is over, cannot make a sequence. reasonable energy policy. For our ailing nation desperately needs a. OF MINNESOTA President who can earn and keep its faith­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Broder article follows: one whose j'adgment is sound and sensible. Wednesday, April 23, 1975 PASSING THE ENERGY BUCK If the President has the good sense and (By David S. Broder) strength of character to face these new facts Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, a Despite what you have been hearing dur­ and why they are legitimately based, he wlll thoughtful article by David Broder in ing this week's debate a.bout gasoline taxes, announce 'Ula.t his Administration has today's Washington Post struck a re- it is not true that Congress has done April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11605 absolutely nothing about the energy crisis. mand; a.nd if energy use is not reduced na­ mand influence to change CIA :figures of Just two weeks a.go, while public attention tionally he will have violated another. Vietcong-VC--strength. wa.s distracted by events in Indochina, the That leaves him in the interesting posi­ In August 1967, our Embassy and Senate pa.ssed a marvelous bill called the tion of reducing the size of the energy pie MACV people in Saigon were attempting Standby Energy Authorities Act of 1975. without cutting anyone's slice. It ls a no­ It wa.s approved on the same afternoon win proposition-and the Republicans were to show a continuing success in reducing that the senators, in a remarkable burst of probably right in saying it was that way by the numbers of the VC. The CIA had legislative creativity, a.Isa passed a resolu­ Democratic design, and not by happenstance. estimated a VC strength figure which tion posthumously restoring the full rights By the most charitable interpretation, the included Vietcong self-defense--SD­ of citizenship to Gen. Robert E. Lee. senators abdicated their own responsibll1ty and secret self-defense-SSD-forces. It would be ha.rd to judge which action for hard decisions and left the country with The total estimated figure, including will do more to help with today's problems. what can only be called a false-front facade those forces, was 420,000-431,000, as But the bet here is that Lee's ghost has more of an energy policy. substance than any lawyer ca.n find in the That's the kind of performance that al­ compared to the previously released :fig­ Standby Energy Authorities Act of 1975. ready ha.s brought the federal government ure of 299,000. The reason Congress had to vote Gen. Lee into disrepute with its citizens. Some friend­ You will note from General Abrams' his amnesty, a.t this la.te date, is that his own ly medium ought to ask Gen. Lee if he really cable, concurred in by General West­ application for restoration of his citizenship wants his citizenship back. moreland, that DOD asked that the in­ rights, a.nd his pledge of loyalty to the telligence estimate be reduced to remove Union, submitted shortly after cessation of the SS and SSD forces since these forces host111ties in October 1865 wa.s unaccount­ included a sizable number of old people ably misplaced by the bureaucrats of his INTELLIGENCE SUMMARIES BY CIA time a.nd was not rediscovered untll 1970. and women, and cast doubt on the "im­ Despite this demonstration of the perils COULD BE DISTORTED BY STATE age of success" DOD has "been projecting of government paperwork, the senators ca.me AND DEFENSE DEPARTMENTS over the recent months." up with a supposed energy program that wlll, Apparently, the generals were success­ if rediscovered 100 yea.rs from now, make ful; the enemy order-of-battle strength the historians of that a.ge wonder a.bout HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. the competency of 20th-century Americans. OF CALIFORNIA was reduced as they requested. Five That bill is a hodgepodge. Part of it gives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES months later, however, during the Tet of­ the President certain emergency powers, fensive of 1968, it appeared that VC which he might use in case of another oil Wednesday, April 23, 1975 forces were much stronger than esti­ embargo, unless blocked by Congress. But Mr. MCCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, on mated. The suddenness of the VC's initial to this marginally useful grant of author­ Friday, March 14, I reported to the successes, coupled with the long record of ity, · the Senate Democrats attached a com­ House--CONGRESSIONAL RECORD pages government representations that the VC plex provision, full of high-sounding as­ pirations and short of policy directions. It 6775-6779-on the factual situation was deteriorating in both strength and commands the federal government and a.ll in Vietnam as I had observed it during will, contributed materially to turning 50 states to devise energy conservation pro­ the period February 23-March 2. In the the tide of public opinion in America grams (again subject to congressional veto) last section of that report I expressed against both the war in Vietnam and the that will supposedly cut energy use the concern that the hard intelligence sum­ credibility of America's military leader­ equivalent of 800,000 barrels of oil a da.y maries prepared by the CIA could be dis­ ship. This despite the fact that Tet, 1968, without hurting anyone. · torted by their passage through the represented a real victory on our part, It is as near-perfect a.n example of buck passing as Washington has ever seen. The hands of State and Defense Department and effectively removed the VC as a com­ man who would have to administer the act, people who desired that intelligence petent military strike force. energy chief Frank Zarb, pleaded with the summaries be supportive of past or cur­ You will note from the enclosed cables Senate not to establish such "far-reaching rent policy successes. that Abrams and Westmoreland felt the but ill-defined mandatory energy conserva­ On April 17, several of us sent the CIA's figures would cause the press to tion programs." President a letter in the same vein, sug­ draw: None of the 60 senators who voted for the gesting that it was imperative that the An erroneous and gloomy conclusion as to bill seemed to care. And the suspicion among intelligence estimates of CIA not be those Republicans who opposed it is that the meaning of the increase. All those who Ze.rb and his boss, the President, are being screened by policymakers before reach­ have an incorrect view of the war wlll be set up as the fall guys when the program ing the President's attention. reinforced and the task wlll become more inevitably fails. We expressed the opinion that the Na­ difficult. What the Senate did was put the admin­ tional Security Act of 194 7, setting up I hope it is not presumptuous to sug­ istration in the position of making the poMt­ both the National Security Council-­ gest that in retrospect it was Generals ically disagreeable choices, while reserving to NSC-and the Central Intelligence Congress a guaranteed right to second­ Abrams and Westmoreland who had the guess. Agency--CIA, did not intend that the 11:correct view of the war. Their decep­ While ruling out rationing or taxes, the same individual occupy both a Cabinet tion, of course, delayed the American Senate commanded Zarb to promulgate, position on the NSC and the staff posi­ people's perception of the true circum­ within 90 days, precise standards of energy tion of Executive Secretary of the NSC. stances in Vietnam. More imPortantly, conservation covering everything from deco­ Ideally, intelligence advice, recom­ the "command Position" of Generals rative lighting to car-pooling and mass mendations and evaluation-the CIA's Westmoreland and Abrams if included transit use. The blll does not say what those responsibility to the National Security standards should be. But it says that if Zarb in the National Intelligen~e Estimate Council under the act-should not pass thereafter sent to the President, may guesses wrong, Congress can veto any of his through a screen of policymaking of­ guidellnes, with suita;ble rhetoric within the well have delayed President Johnson's following 30 days. ficials. Understandably, Policymakers perception of the true situation in Viet­ That is only the beginning. The mandated may not always agree with intelligence nam. regulations then would go to each state, estimates which are critical or which FROM GEN. ABRAMS DEPCOMUSMACV TO which would be required within 180 days to paint a more dismal picture than the GEN. WHEELER JCS WASH CD formulate its own conservation plan de­ policymakers care to admit. signed to meet Zarb's standards. Here, the I have just learned of a specific case 1. (C) MACV representatives to the DIA Senate has created a two-edged sword for Conference dealing with order of battle later use against the administration. of such military and State "screening" strength for enemy forces in South Vietnam On the one hand, it has commanded that which is not only an outrageous example report that there is a continuing controversy the state conservation plans should be ap­ of the modification of intelligence in­ regarding the inclusion of the strength proved by Za.rb only if they "minimize ad­ formation, but which may very well have figures for self-defense forces (SD) and verse economic or employment impact" and had a significant impact on the ultimate secret self-defense forces (SSD) in the draft "meet unique local economic, cLimatologlca.l, sad result in Vietnam. Following these NIE 14.3-67. In General Westmoreland's geographic and other conditions." On the remarks I place in the RECORD copies of temporary absence, I think it appropriate to other hand, the Senate has decreed that the cables from General Westmoreland, make the command position on the inclusion net effect of these varied plans must reduce General Abrams, and the State Depart­ of these strength figures clear. total domestic energy consumption by 4 per 2. (S) I! SD and SSD strength figures are cent within a year of the blll becoming law. ment's Robert Komer, in mid-August, included in the overall enemy strength, the So, if the regulations pinch in any state, 1967, which clearly reflect an exercise of figure will total 420,000-431,800 depending Zarb will ha.ve violated one Senate col?".- military and State Department com- on minor varitaions. This is in sharp contra.st 11606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 to the current overall strength figure of about of any evidence that lnflltratlon rate up if Pointing out that the first wave of South­ 299,000 given to the press here. indeed it is averaging as high as last year. east Asian immigrants may reach California 3. (C) From the intelllgence viewpoint, the 5. wm you please help straighten out this "in the very near future," Hayes said he will inclusion of SD and SSD strength figures lD matter, which is of concern to whole top level ask the Board of Supervisors to request that an estimate of military capabllities is highly here. Sure you agree that we have enough federal funds and personnel be utilized to questionable. These forces contain a sizable real problems without adding on paper wars. offset the burden on local taxpayers. number of women and old people. They He also will move that all appropriate operate entirely in their own hamlets. They county departments immediately gear up for a.re rarely armed, have no real discipline, and the possible mass influx and to provide status almost no military capability. They are no VIETNAMESE REFUGEES REPRE­ reports weekly on these preparations. more effective in the military sense than the SENT LONG-TERM PROBLEM Hayes also will ask that Chief Adminis­ dozens of other nonmilitary organizations trative Officer Harry L. Hufford and other which serve the VC cause in various roles. county officials explore the need for an advi­ 4. (S) The press reaction to these inflated sory commission to assist the immigrants HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON and the feasib111ty of forming such a com­ figures is of much greater concern. We have OF CALIFORNIA been projecting the image of success over the mission if the proposed federal program recent months, and properly so, now, when IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES becomes a reality. we release the figure of 42C>-431,000, the news­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 "I would like a report on this within one men will immediately seize on the point that week," Hayes emphasized. the enemy forces has increased a.bout Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. 120-130,000, all available caveats and ex­ Speaker, today the first wave of refugees [From the Los Angeles Times, Apr. 23, 1975) planations will not prevent the press from from Vietnam arrived in California. We COUNTY TOLD: GET SET FOR REFUGEES drawing an erroneous al!.ti gloomy conclusion can expect more to arrive in the future. Supervisors Chairman James A. Hayes said as to the meaning of the increase. All those Now, I am not suggesting that we close Tuesday he again talked to some "highly who have an incorrect view of the war will our doors to these individuals. Certainly, placed offic1a.ls in Washington" who urged be reenforced and the task will become more that Los Angeles County prepare for the difficult. the United States has an obligation to possible evacuation of 600,000 to 1 million 5. (C) In our view, the strength figures many of these people, especially those Southeast Asian refugees to the United for the SD and SSD should be omitted en­ who must flee because of past coopera­ States. tirely from the enemy strength tables in the tion with our Government. "I was alerted that this is a contingency forth-coming NIE. This will prevent the However, there are a few details I be­ plan which might be put into effect on a mo­ possibility that they can be added to the lieve we should be aware of. ment's notice," Hayes said. "Most would be valid figures, and an erroneous conclusion How many refugees are going to enter arriving without any visible means of sup­ drawn as to an enemy strength increase. port." 6. (U) I realize that you are fully aware this country? Where are they going to (Immigration officials in Washington Tues­ of the implications set forth above, and that stay? day placed the maximum number of immi­ you share our concern. Nevertheless, the Who is going to pay for their expenses grants at 130,000.) matter is so crucial here that I think it while living in this country until they County supervisors adopted Hayes' motion advisable to make our position known to you. find employment? to study formation of a commission to as­ 7. I am informed that Joe Fried of the AB of now, no one really seems to know sist the immigrants if the proposed fed.era.I New York Daily News resident in Saigon has how many refugees to export. Attorney _program becomes a reality. All appropriate the gist of the new intelligence examination county departments were directed to gear up and the total figure of a.bout 420,000. General Edward Levi has said he will for a possible influx. Zorthian and Sidle have talked to him and waive immigration laws for approximate­ Since Los Angeles and San Francisco would hopefully have persuaded him that any new ly 130,000 individuals. Yet Los Angeles be the probable first ports of entry, Super­ figures would be premature now. County Supervisor James Hayes, a re­ visor Baxter Ward said the mllltary might sponsible public official, has stated that ha'\'e to reactivate some unoccupied barracks. Fao:M: GENERAL WESTMORELAND COUSAMACV Federal officials have told him to be pre­ He suggested use of El Toro Marine A1r St.a.­ To GENERAL WHEELER CJCS WASHINGTON pared for at least 600,000 Southeast tion. I have Just read Gen. Abrams MAC 7849, Hayes said El Toro is relatively small. "One Asian refugees, and possibly as many as of the major ones being considered ls Ed­ and I agree. I do not concur with the in­ one million. clusion of SD and SSD strength figures in wards A1r Force Base," he added. the overall enemy strength. It distorts the At this point, I would like to enter Hayes' motion urged the federal govern­ situation and makes no sense. No possible into the RECORD two articles from the ment to provide funds and personnel to off­ set costs of local taxpayers if the Southeast explanations could prevent the erroneous Los Angeles Times, which contain Super­ Asian refugee program ls inaugurated. conclusions that would result. Warm regards. visor Hayes' statements: [From the Los Angeles Times, Apr. 22, 1975) Now, Mr. Hayes is not an BJarmist. He FoR CARVER {CIA) FROM KOMER, SAIGON L.A. ALERTED ON REFUGEE INFLUX is a responsible public official trying to 1. Understand from MACV that 0/NE in­ (By Ray Zeman) do his job. And apparently, that job is sisting on inclusion 20,000 SDF and SSDP Chairman James A. Hayes said Monday about to get very difficult. 1n new NIE figures, thus giving total of 435,- that federal officials are planning to bring Most of the refugees from Vietnam and 000 for enemy 0/B. from 600,000 to 1 mfilion Southeast Asian other Southeast Asian natioll3 will enter 2. You a.re familiar with new MACV figures refugees to the United States, with Los An­ the United States through San Francisco which represent major step forward toward geles and San Francisco the likely first sounder analysis. I cannot see case for in­ as and Los Angeles. And if past examples cluding vague estimates of low grade part­ ports of entry. are any guide, many of them will be tlme hamlet self-defense groups, mostly Hayes said he will ask the Los Angeles staying in those areas. County supervisors today to prepare for Mr. Speaker, I am not saying that weaponless, in new 0/B. For do we include such a. situation. RDPGS, hamlet mllltia, or combat youth on these men, women, and children are giv side. The supervisor said word of the possible not welcome. Certainly the people of 3. MACV is determined to stick by its guns, influx of refugees came from highly placed Los Angeles will do all that is in their and you can well imagine ruckus which officials in Washington. "I was asked not to divulge the names of power to help these people start a new would be created if it came out as everything life. tends to on Vietnam that Agency and MACV the callers or the two departments from which they telephoned. They urged me to However, starting and maintaining figures were so widely different. Any explana­ start plans and preparations. that new life is going to be expensive, tion as to why would simply lead press to "This program-if it becomes a reality, as conclude that MACV was deliberately omit­ and relief funds in great amounts will it very well may-will be quite similar to be needed. If we theorize an eventual ting SDF/SSDF category in order downgrade the Cuban refugee operation. enemy strength. Thus credibility gap would level of 600,000 refugees, and provide "San Francisco and Los Angeles would them with bare living expenses, the total be further widened at very time when in fa.ct probably be the first points of debarkation." we are moving toward much more valid esti­ will easily run over $1 billion a year. Hayes recalled that under the Cuban pro­ Obviously, such a massive drain on mates. gram, 600,000 Cubans were settled in the 4. Also understand that NIE projects 15,000 United States. At the peak in March, 1971, local government would be a disaster. man enemy strength increase by end of year. this program aided 11,615 in Los Angeles The Federal Government must face the On what is this based? It is contrary to whole County. obligation of paying for the relocation trend of analysis out here, including higher More than ha.If of these have since been and assistance of refugees after they enemy loss rates, new official MACV estimate transferred to federal programs for the aged, have arrived in this Nation, if the Fed­ that in-country recruiting January-May 1967 blind and disabled. The county ls caring for eral Government makes it possible for probably down to 3500 per month, and lack the remaining 5,126. them to arrive here. April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11607 FULL EMPLOYMENT LEGISLATION foundation for submission by the President '75, and FY '76 and estimated budget for each year of a "Full Employment and Na­ FY'77. tional Purposes Budget" that would guar­ Moreover, the Department has consistently HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS antee jobs and define national priorities in expressed its opposition to H.R. 4925 for OF CALIFORNIA such fields as conservation and development programmatic reasons. Since the bill would of national resources, health care, housing, extend and authorize a. number of new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mass transit, promotion of competitive pri­ categorical programs and repeal the gen­ Wednesday, April 23, 1975 vate enterprise and the elimination of eral health research and development au­ poverty. thority in section 314(e) of the Public Health Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I wish Unquestionably a program formulated with Service Act, the Department continues to to call the attention of the Members to such ambrtious goals would vastly increase oppose this legislation on both program­ a very current and incisive editorial in present rates of Federal outlay, quite possibly matic and fiscal grounds. the Wednesday, April 23, 1975, issue of beyond the country's ca.pa.city; but it is worth We are advised by the Office of Manage­ the New York Times which in brief but remembering that the basic principle of the ment and Budget that there ts no objection comprehensive fashion treats the eco­ bill aims at putting into practice a policy to the submission of this report from the nomic crisis confronting us, while at the that was adopted in theory by the Congress standpoint of the Administration's program, a. quarter century ago. Any appraisal of its and that enactment of H.R. 4925 would not same ~ime pointing out how the legisla­ potential cost has to take into account that be in accord With the program of the tion that Representative REuss, Senator unemployment programs now under way are President. HUMPHREY, and I, along with over 90 of expected to cost in the neighborhood of Sincerely, our colleagues in both bodies have in­ $40 billion. That is money going out of tax­ CASPAR W. WEINBERGER, troduced would offer a solution to this payers' pockets, as against taxes that would Secretary. crisis. We have no pride of authorship be coming in if the jobless were back on in our proposal, but we are only pleased regular payrolls. MEMORANDUM OF DISAPPROVAL A 6 per cent standard for full employment I have Withheld my approval from H.R. that national attention has begun to be would be a prescription for social unrest and focused on a comprehensive approach to 14214, the "Health Revenue Sharing and permanent government deficits. The nation Health Services Act of 1974." our economic sickness. The editorial fol­ cannot accept the defeatist conclusion that H.R. 14214 conflicts with my strong com­ lows: one worker out of every sixteen must be mitment to the American taxpayers to hold How MANY JOBLESS ... permanently shut out of the labor market. Federal spending to essential purposes. The It is a measure of the bankruptcy of eco­ There is no stabllity for either people or bill authorizes appropriations of more than nomic thought that most economists, of all prices in such a. design. $1 billion over my recommendations and I schools and political persuasions, believe the cannot, in good conscience, approve it. These United States must resign itself to an un­ appropriation authorizations are almost employment rate of at least 6 per cent for the THE HEALTH REVENUE SHARING double the funding levels I have recom­ rest of this decade. AND HEALTH SERVICES ACT mended for Fiscal Year 1975 and almost When President Kennedy made 4 per cent triple the levels I believe would be appro­ joblessness his target in the nation's pullout priate for 1976. from the recession of 1960-61, he was at HON. JOHN J. RHODES As part of my effort to see that the burden pains to stress that this was an interim goal OF ARIZONA upon our taxpayers does not increase, I re­ and not to be viewed as an acceptable yard­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quested the Congress last month to exer­ stick of normal employment. The popular cise restraint in expanding existing Federal wisdom among economists now is that the Wednesday, April 23, 1975 responsibilities, and to resist adding new potential price in renewed inflation is too Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ Federal programs to our already overloaded high to make even 4 per cent realistically and limited Federal resources. These recom- attainable. ceived a letter from Secretary Wein­ · mendations reflect my concern With both the That is not a supportable "trade-off," to berger of the Department of Health, Ed­ need to hold down the Federal budget and use the chilling term so glibly employed in ucation, and Welfare, indicating his op­ the need to limit the Federal role to those current calculations. The reality ts that the position to H.R. 4925, the Health Rev­ activities which can make the most neces­ underpinnings of the calculations themselves enue Sharing and Health Services Act. sary and significant contributions. are dubious in a period when none of the The letter specifies the specific areas In H.R. 14214, the Congress not only ex­ orthodoxies, whether those of Adam Smith or that HEW opposes in this legislation. For cessively increased authorizations for exist­ of John Maynard Keynes, offers much of a the benefit of my colleagues when this ing programs but also created several new ones that would result in a.n unjustified ex­ guide on how to balance price sta.bllity and legislation is considered on the floor, full employment. penditure of Federal taxpayers' funds. Al­ Even the notion that substantial levels I am taking the liberty of inserting though the purposes of many of the pro­ of unemployment operate over the long haul Secretary Weinberger's letter in the grams a.u thorized in this bill are certainly as a significant brake on inflation is open RECORD. The text follows: worthy, I just cannot approve this legisla­ to question in light of the rigidities of cost­ THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH, tion because of its effect upon the economy of-living escalators and other wage boosters EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, through increased unwarranted Federal and the speed With which the over-all price Washington, D.C., April 22, 1975. spending. index can be pushed by a single external Hon. JOHN RHODES Finally, it should be pointed out that the development such as the oil cartel's quad­ Minority Leader, House of Representatives, Federal Government Will spend almost $20 rupling of fuel costs. Washington, D.C. b111ion in 1975 through Medicare and Medic­ Moreover, the price of unemployment is DEAR MR. RHODES! We expect that H.R. aid for the financing of health services for high in terms other than the frustrations 4925, the Health Revenue Sharing and Health priority recipients-aged and low-income of the jobless and the loss to society of tens services Act, wm soon be reported by the persons. These services are provided on the of billions of dollars in output. Unemploy­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce Commit­ basis of national eligibllity standards in ment insurance programs are being made tee for consideration by the House. I en­ Medicare and State ellg1b111ty standards in more generous in both the amount and dura­ close a. copy of the President's Memorandum Medicaid and therefore are available to in­ tion of benefits, with food stamps and welfare of Disapproval of H.R. 14214 (93rd Congress), dividuals in a. more equitable and less re­ as supplemental cushions and mortgage and a blll very similar to H.R. 4925. I would like strictive manner than many of the programs medical protection under consideration a.s to reiterate again the Department's strong authorized in H.R. 14214. well. opposition to this legislation and strongly - GERALD R. FORD. • • • HOW MANY JOBS? recommend that the Congress enact H.R. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 21, 1974 . Public service employment is mushroom­ 4819, the Administration's health services ing under pressure of the current emergency, amendments. and there will be strong pressure for perma­ Although some changes have been made POLYGRAPH TESTING nent programs to provide government­ at the Subcommittee level, we do not believe finan9ed work as a matter of right for those that significant progress has been made to­ who wm remain idle after the gros!l national ward overcoming any of the Administration's HON. EDWARD I. KOCH product turns upward. The House Subcom­ basic objections. The Subcommittee on OF NEW YORK mittee on Equal Opportunities is studying Health and Environment did attempt to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .a. bill by Representatives Augustus Hawkins lower authorizations, and this is a st.ep in of Callforni.a and Henry Reuss of Wisconsin, the right direction. But the authorizations Wednesday, April 23, 1975 with 85 co-sponsors, that calls for a compre­ in H.R. 4925 stlll are far in excess of the Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the reasons hensive-and expensive-national program President's budget and, therefore, remain to cut unemployment to 3 per cent within objec:tionable to the Administration. The for supporting my bill, H.R. 2596 which eighteen months. total authorizations for this three-year blll places an absolute prohibition on poly­ The program, with an initial budget esti­ are almost $2.5 billion, approximately $1 graph testing in employment situations, mated a.t $15 billion, would become the billion over the President's budget for FY are cogently set forth in the April 1975 CX:XI--732-Part 9 11608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 issue of The Privacy Report published these interviews, it is necessary to discuss of the nation's practitioners, variously esti­ by the American Civil Liberties Union some facts about the polygra;ph test itself. mated as from 1200 to 3000, are incompetent. How polygraph testing works . How accurate is the polygraph in detecting Foundation. This report needs no fur­ llars? Its supporters claim an accuracy raite ther elaboration by me and I am append­ The polygraph, popularly known as the "lie detector," is a machine that measures of 90-95 % for tests performed by experienced ing it for the information of our col­ and records fluctuations in blood pressure, examiners in the field ( as opposed to labo­ leagues. rate of respiration, and galvanic skin re­ ratory experiments). Estimates from other THE PRIVACY REPORT sponse ( changes in the electrical conductiv­ sources are much lower. There is, in fact, no POLYGRAPH TESTING FOR EMPLOYMENT ity of the skin, thought to be related to the accepted scientific evidence of the polygraiph's amount of perspiration in the skin). The validity. An ACLU report on the polygraph The polygraph has been with us for over published in 1973 (Shattuck, Brown & Carl­ half a century. In its early years it was theory behind the polygraph test is that the act of lying causes psychological conflict, son, "The Lie Detector As a Surveillance De­ enthusiastically embraced by police officials, vice," 75pp. $1) concluded simply that the who placed great faith in its value for law conflict causes fear, and fear brings about certain measurable physiological changes, issue boils down ·to a battle of statistics, and enforcement. But the courts proved resist­ that none of the statistics available are par­ ant: not until 1972 did any federal court which are detected and recorded by the poly­ graph machine. ticularly reliable. A major difficul·ty in meas­ admit unstipulated polygraph evidence in uring the polygraph's performance is, of a criminal case {that is, where there is no However, contrary to the impression one might have from watching police shows on course, ths.t verification is possible. only in pre-trial agreement among all parties that cases where there is independent evidence of polygraph evidence shall be admitted), and TV, the polygraph does not "detect" false­ hood the way a Geiger counter detects radio­ the subject's veracity. only one state court had done so. Even It must be stressed that the civil liberties after the Ridling and Zeiger decisions of activity. No buzzer rings to signal the pres­ ence of untruth. The subject's physiological objections to the polygraph are only inci­ 1972, admitting unstipulated polygraph evi­ dentally a matter of the test's scientific dence, there was no great rush to extend responses to the examiner's questions must be interpreted: it is the examiner's inter­ validity, or lack of it. Even if a 100 % reliable judicial recognition to the polygraph, for "lie detector" were to be developed, there many courts still had, and have, serious pretation, not the machine, that determines whether a person "passes" the polygraph would still be serious questions about in­ doubts about its validity and reliability as vasion of privacy, violation of the Fifth e. detector of falsehood. (Unfortunately, the test. Newer versions of the "lie detector"-the Amendment privilege against self-incrimina­ courts have shown greater skepticism for tion, of the constitutional presumption of the polygraph's scientific validity than for "wiggle seat" that registers body tempera­ ture and muscle movements, the camera that innocence until proven guilty, of the Sixth its constitutional validity.) Nonetheless, the Amendment right to confront and cross­ polygraph test is widely used "informally" in records changes in the size of the pupil, and the futuristic Psychological Stress Evaluator examine one's accusers, and of the Fourth law enforcement, by police a.s an investiga­ Amendment protection against unreasonable tive a.id, and by prosecutors and defendants (PSE) that measures the fluctuations of the FM modulation in the voice-all rest on the searches-and, at bottom, assault on the as a tactical counter in plea-bargaining fundamental dignity of the human person­ negotiations. same premise, that lying produces stress which is translated into detectable physical ality. Alan Westin, discussing polygraphs in But for all the problems still to be faced his book Privacy and Freedom, pointed out in bringing the law enforcement uses of the changes in the body. A number of difficulties a.re immediately that the American constitutional system of polygraph under control, there is at least due process has three purposes, only one of the hope that the pros and cons, including apparent. First, the premise that lying causes stress ls a shaky one. It does not if a person which is to discover truth; the others are to the constitutional arguments, will eventu­ place limits on governmental power, and to ally be heard and judged in the courts. believes he is telling the truth, even if his statement is factually untrue. It does not if preserve individual dignity. Meanwhile, the greatest growth in the use How these constitutional and ethical is­ of the polygraph is ta.king place completely a person feels no guilt or anxiety about lying, or even gets enjoyment from lying. It does sues are raised by the use of the polygraph outside the criminal justice system, virtually not if a person cannot be convinced tha.t the for employment purposes may become free from effective judicial or legislative con­ clearer in the following paragraphs. trols. The polygraph test has now become polygraph detects lies and therefore does not fear that his deception wlll be unmasked. On a. popular method of screening applicants How employers use the polygraph: Interviews the other hand, many things other than lying A large car rental agency began to use for employment, and of checking up on do cause stress: fear, guilt, anger, or em­ present employees. These are in fact the polygraphs several years ago to combat an barrassment produced by truthful answers increasing problem of theft by employees. principal uses of the polygraph today. to the examiner's questions, neurotic anxie­ Polygraph tests for employment are uti­ ties, subconscious reactions triggered by a However, when thefts do occur, the poly­ lized in both the public and private sectors. single chance word, tension created by the graph 1s seldom used--only where no alter­ Ten years ago, the House Subcommittee test procedure itself, or a physical condition native means of investigation are available. on Foreign Operations and Government In­ such as heart trouble, a. headache, a cold, Rather, the polygraph is used to screen ap­ formation found that 19 federal agencies fatigue, or even the need to go to the bath­ plicants for jobs as service employees, the had conducted a total of 19,769 tests in just room. All of these factors have been shown ·to people who wash and prepare the cars and one year, and this figure did not include distort the accuracy of the polygraph as a. have the most contact with cars and money. the thousands of tests administered to ap­ lie detector. Prospective employees a.re not informed of plicants and employees by the Central In­ Second, because the polygraph measures the polygraph requirement on the applica­ telUgence and National Security Agencies. reactions to an examiner's questions and its tion, or even, in some cases, until after the Congressional expressions of disapproval led recordings are then interpreted by the ex­ interview. Then they are simply given the to the adoption of new Civil Service Com­ aminer, the polygrapher himself emerges as address of a polygraph fl.rm and told to re­ mission regulations sharply limiting poly­ the key to the polygraph test. What are his port there for "a test." The agency's person­ graphing by federal agencies, and in 1973 qualifications? How is he trained? How much nel department knows little of what goes on seven agencies reported a total of 6882, sup­ does he know about human emotional and at the polygraph test; it accepts the results­ posedly all related, as required by CSC rules, physical response? What is his attitude to­ a verdict of "recommended" or "not recom­ to national security needs. Again, this figure ward the subjects he tests? Are there racial mended"-from the polygraph examiner. The did not include CIA tests. There are no or cultural differences between them that applicant is asked about his previous em­ recent compilations for state e.nd local agen­ might produce different ideas of what is ployment record, arrest record, involvement cies, but polygraphs are known to be widely "moral" or "true"? What a.re his biases? What in thefts, and use of alcohol and drugs. The used in pre-employment screening for police predispositions (or outside pressures) does agency may also check the applicant's pre­ departments and law enforcement agencies he have to find the subject "guilty" or "in­ vious employers and references, but only if of all kinds. In fact, many states which do nocent"? How precisely can he frame ques­ the polygraph test results prove satisfactory. place legal restrictions on employment poly­ tions to elicit pure "truth"? By what criteria No applicant who refuses a test will be con­ graph testing except law enforcement agen­ does he decide whether a response recorded sidered. cies-sometimes all government agencies. by the machine is a lie or a. reaction to some The primary use of the test, according to The figures for private employment are other factor? Indeed, a.re there any wholly the agency, is simply to check that people only rough estimates. A 1974 report by the objective elements in the process at all, or is are telling the truth on their applications. staff of the Senate Subcommittee on Con­ the entire business a matter of judgment? It believes that this form of pre-employment stitutional Rights mentioned a range of 200,- Even with respect to the best polygraphers screening has helped cut down internal thefts. · 000 300,000 a year; other estimates go even in the profession, the answers to these ques­ to tions are disturbing. The most vocal sup­ A wholesaler of drugs, liquor, and cheml­ higher. But both supporters and opponents porters of the polygraph themselves stress ca.ls uses the polygraph to screen applicants of the polygraph are agreed that the number the importance of a highly qualified ex­ for jobs in its warehouses and security forces. 1s enormous, and constantly growing. aminer, yet in moot states anyone who buys Sometimes it is used for investigating large A researcher for the Privacy Report re­ a polygraph ma.chine can go into business. internal thefts, but only a.s a. last resort. cently interviewed a num.ber of large private The 1974 Senate Subcommittee report noted Appllcants a.re told of the test requirement employers to learn how they use the poly­ ruefully that even the most reputable of the at the interview. They must sign a. consent graph, what they expect from it, why they polygraph schools offers only 244 hours of form agreeing to take the test of their "own believe in it, and whether they feel that the instruction, including 14 hours in psychology free will without duress." The tests a.re ad­ tests might be jeopardizing their employees' and 31 in "medical aspects." One leading ex­ ministered at the company by its own se­ rights. But before describing the results of pert on polygraphs estimates thait some 80 % curity chief, a former member of the Amer- April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11609 1ca.n Polygraph Association, and his officers, cant fills out a booklet of questions relating perhaps they agree with Mr. Barefoot that most of them former policemen. The person­ to drug and alcohol use, arrests, and previous "there comes a time when your privacy and nel department leaves it all to the security further. Anyone who responds affirmatively, mine has to be weighed against a company men a.nd accepts their judgment of "recom­ absenteeism). The questions aire then re­ being stolen blind." mended," "not recommended," or "border­ peated on the polygraph test. Curiously, when internal thefts do occur, line." Tests a.re give:q only after interviews have employers do not rush to the polygraph if Again, questions focus on drug and alcohol been held and references checked. If a person other methods of investigation are available. use, previous thefts, arrest record, and em­ lies outright, he is rejected; 1f his answers The reasons are not clear. Is faith in the de­ ployment record. The test results are kept seem "suspicious," he may be questioned tecting powers Q,f the polygraph not so firm on file, whether or not the applicant is hired. further. Anyone who responds affirmatively, after all? When disgrace, loss of a job, and This company trusts completely in the or is shown to be lying, to questions about perhaps even criminal charges are involved, polygraph; 95 % of any hiring decision, ac­ thefts, drugs, alcoholism, gambling, debts, or do employers feel more qualms about privacy, cording to the personnel director, is the poly­ shoplifting will be rejected. So will anyone self-incrimination, presumption of in­ graph test. No applicant who refuses a test refusing to take a test. noce:;J.ce? Perhaps when they are dealing with will be hired; one who is rated "borderline," Test results are filed. If a theft should distinctive, real individuals whom they have however, might be hired on a trial basis. Al­ occur, and if suspicion appears to fall on hired and accepted, not just a faceless mass though the company acknowledges that a a particular employee, his test file will be of unknown applicants knocking at the door, person "without a conscience" can beat the pulled and restudied. Sometimes a new test employers become more conscious of the hu­ machine, it believes that a.ll "normal" peo­ will be requested. If the employee refuses, man values, of the indignity of examining a ple can be quite accurately tested. no action is taken against him, but "it does person's mind by machine, and of the dan­ At a fast-food chain, polygraph tests are raise doubt." gers of making damaging judgments in the given to all prospective management per­ The polygraph files are open only to the absence of sound, independent evidence. sonnel, the people who handle the cash. The security director. If another firm inquires It appears to be common practice to keep purpose is to verify statements made on the about a specific employee, the company polygraph tests on file, often for rejected application. If the applicant passes, his refer­ might look at the test results to help deter­ applicants as well as those hired. Assurances ences may then be checked. All test results, mine what kind of recommendation to give. of confidentiality are nearly 'always offered; including those of unsuccessful applicants, The company believes it is virtually im­ usually the files a.re restricted to the per­ are kept on file. The polygraph company tele­ possible to beat the polygraph. Though most sonnel and security directors alone. Yet the phones its initial report within hours after applicants answer their written questions reason for keeping the tests is vague. "For the test, then follows up with a full written honestly, they do so because they know the the record," or "in case a rejected applicant interpretation of the applicant's responses polygraph will catch their lies. comes back,'' were the answers in several in· later on. The personnel manager was not sure One company we interviewed, a manufac­ terviews, and one company, as noted, said it what the polygraph company's credentials turer of surgical supplies, does not use poly­ sometimes refers to the tests in making rec­ are, or how it was originally selected, but graphs. It believes that other methods of ommendations to other employers. knew that it has a "good reputation." preventing internal theft are more effective, No mention has been made of the shock­ This employer retests its managers annual­ such a.s attractive discounts to employees for ing abuses of the polygraph that come to ly. This ls, in its judgment, the polygraph's company products, and an elaborate security light from time to time: the probing for de­ most. valuable function: to deter managers system including a large force of guards. tails of the subject's sex life, fantasies, from stealing or other undesirable behavior The company does not think polygraphs phobias; the search for union "troublemak­ because they know they will be caught on are reliable or useful in sizing up a prospec­ ers" and political "activists"; the thinly dis· their next test. In a business where employees tive employee. Strictly framed requirements guised threats; the wrongful accusations have easy access to ca.sh a.nd merchandise, it for each job, and careful interviewing and of criminal misdeeds. There is no need to ap­ 1s important not only to get honest people to testing for specific skills and aptitudes, seem peal to the abuses in order to demonstrate begin with but also to keep them honest. A to give better results. how serious are the problems created by the manager who has been stealing will quit How employers use the polygraph: Analysis common uses of the polygraph. rather than face the polygraph. Here a.re a few: A person who refuses a test will not be There ls a. pattern ln these employers' First, pre-employment polygraph screen­ hired or kept on. A refusal shows imme­ responses to our questions. ing intensifies already rampant forms of em­ diately "he has something to hide." First, there ls a. trust in the machine as ployment discrimination, most particularly A large insurance and securities firm uses something more reliable than human judg­ discrimination against applicants with arrest the polygraph on all its job applicants, par­ ment. records. (Note that employers want to know ticularly to elicit information on drug use There is also a distrust of the strangers about arrests, not just convictions.) Use of and debts. This company does not accept the who present themselves for jobs. As J. Kirk the polygraph test makes it all too easy for polygrapher's "pass/fail" recommendation; it Barefoot, past president of the American employers simply to reject anyone who ad­ requires a full description of a.11 the ques­ Polygraph Association, has explained it, mits to an arrest, or who appears ( as inter­ tions and answers, and even if the applicant "Ours has become a mobile society. Job ap­ preted by the examiner)' to be lying a.bout appears to have told a lie, will discuss the plicants no longer generally come from an an arrest record. Whether or not the poly­ situation with him to get the whole story. employer's immediate community; thus the graph test really unmasks lies, it does en­ Though the polygraph ls trusted, it is used employer must screen prospective em­ courage employers to screen out anyone as only one element in hiring decisions. ployees." Employers want a practical, reliable whose past ls less than prestine. Asking Nonetheless, an applicant must be tested be­ method of weeding out the "bad" strangers questions a.bout arrests at an interview ls fore hiring, and his credit status and earlier from the "good." bad enough, but there ls at least opportunity employment record might not be checked There ls an overwhelming anxiety about for the full story to be told. Reliance on the until he is already on the job. lack of trustworthiness, perhaps understand­ polygraph saves the employer the trouble of Subjects sign a consent form, but at the able in light of an estimated loss to private further inquiry. insistence of the polygraph firm, not the em­ industry of more than $3 billion annually second, submission to a polygraph test 1s ployer. The employer believes that if there from employee theft. This anxiety ls often not a voluntary act, despite the rhetoric of are any legal problems, they lie between the translated into an automatic rejection of all its proponents and the formality of asking applicant and the polygrapher alone. appllcants who lie about anything, whatever applicants to sign "free-will" consent forms. A retailer of fine jewelry tests its employees the reason, as well as all who have h~d any If an applicant must take a test in order to before hiring and annually thereafter. By experience of drug use, alcoholism, gambling, be hired, then testing clearly is not volun­ assuring itself of honest and sober employees debts, arrests, thefts, or difflcul ties on pre­ tary. Nor is it voluntary when an employee at the outset, it says, internal theft has been vious jobs, again, whatever the circum­ suspected of theft is fired for refusing to totally eliminated. The polygraph ls believed stances. Clearly a case of "better safe than take a test. ACLU affiliates all over the coun­ to be more reliable than the judgment of an sorry." This attitude is combined with an try have received complaints from people interviewer, because it is a. machine--"per­ almost reverent faith in the polygraph to who were fired, often on some other pretext, sona.lities do not get in the way." The pur­ weed out accurately all those who may not after they balked at taking a polygraph test. pose of the test is simply to find out if an be "safe." Given the present state of the economy and applicant has lied. An applicant who admits Second, most employers do not know, and the use of the polygraph by ever-increasing to earlier "misbehavior" might be hired any­ seem not to wish to know, what a polygraph numbers of employers, it is hard to argue way, but one who lies has no chance. It is test involves, who gives it, or how it ls in­ that as a practical matter employees and very rare that an applicant refuses a test, terpreted. A number simply take the poly­ applicants are voluntarily submitting to tests. though many a.re initially nervous a.nd even grapher's verdict of "recommended" or "not And with the conclusion that testing is 1n antagonistic until the whole procedure is ex­ recommended" at face value, in effect sur­ fact mandatory, the constitutional arguments plained to them. citing violations of due process and the right Results of all tests are filed. Those on rendering their decision-making prerogative to the examiner and his machine. It is not of privacy become all the more compelling. rejected applicants a.re destroyed after a year. Third, the filing of polygraph test results A chain of drug stores tests all applicants, always made clear to them on what grounds virtually invites the compilation of company from stockroom clerk to executive. The test­ the polygrapher's judgment is based, but blacklists and their eventual pooling indus­ ing is done on company premises by outside some employers seem satisfied not to inquire. try-wide. It would certainly be much easier examiners carefully chosen by the head of Few employers appear to be aware of any for employers to trade among themselves lists the security department for thoroughness of constitutional problems. "Privacy" is scarcely of applicants who flunked polygraphs than training and length of experience. The appli- mentioned. Or, though they did not say so, go to the trouble of searching for arrest 11610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE April 24, 1975 records and even checking references. If such necticut, Delaware, Hawa.11, Maryland, Mas­ Several attempts have been ma.de in Con­ polygraph "banks" don't already exist, they sachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, Oregon, gress to enact legislation protecting federal surely will in not too many years. . Pennsylvania., Rhode Island, and Washington. employees, most recently in the 93rd Con­ Fourth, the polygra.pher hired by a.n em­ Most of these impose penalties on employers gress in a bill sponsored by Sena.tor Sam ployer has a strong incentive to err on the who try to require either employees or ap­ Ervin. Congressman Edward Koch ls making side of safety. His eagerness to retain the plicants to take tests. Some do not permit a. new try in the 94th. trust (and business) of his client w1ll nat­ employers even to "request" an applicant or It seems unlikely that attempts to per­ urally, though perhaps unconsciously, infl.u­ employee to be tested. However, all but New suade employers to exercise self-restraint or ence his interprets.ton of a.ny ambiguous test Jersey and Oregon provide for important ex­ adoption of half-hearted legislation riddled evidence. Most employers rely totally upon emptions, usually either la.w enforcement wl th exceptions can stem the growth of the polygra.pher's recommendation, no ques­ personnel or government employees or both. polygraph testing. Only a fiat ban wlll do tions asked. Perhaps in pre-employment test­ Such exceptions seem to suggest that some the job. Employers, public and private, must ing, even more than in testing related to legislators still have a. residual faith in the be forced to abandon the polygraph alto­ criminal 1nvest1ga.t1on, the polygra,pher's efficacy of the polygraph, and that their gether and turn to other methods of inves­ biases a.nd attitudes are crucial. concern for the rights of those employed by tigation which Will honor the right to pri­ Legal controls government and law enforcement agencies ls overridden by their solicitude for the im­ vacy. As the Senate Constitutional Rights The applicant or employee who ls asked portance of such employees' public mission. Subcommittee concluded: to take a. polygraph test has very few legal The exceptions leave a. lot of people With­ Expediency ls not a valid reason for pitting protections. out protection. Some states also allow "vol­ individuals against a. degrading ma.chine and Labor arbitrators have generally refused to untary" polygraph tests. So far, the laws process that pry into their inner thoughts. uphold dismissals for refusing to take a. poly­ Limits, beyond which invasions of privacy graph test, or to admit polygraph evidence have not been very strictly enforced, and the in cases of employees punished or dismissed penalties prescribed for violation in most will not be tolerated, must be established. for alleged criminal wrongdoing, especially instances a.re not particularly onerous. The Congress should take legislative steps A different approach, one more to the to prevent Federal agencies as well as the where there ls .evidence of coercion or an ab­ liking of professional polygra.phers, has been sence of other evidence of guilt. Many labor private sector from requiring, requesting, or ta.ken by some 15 states which require the persuading any employee or applicant for em­ unions oppose the polygraph test, and some licensing of polygraph examiners. The object have ma.na.ged to negotiate contracts prohib­ ployment to take any polygraph test. Privacy here 1s to protect test subjects from incom­ ts a fundamental right that must be pro­ iting its use. A few have rules pena.11z1ng petent practitioners rather than to restrict members who agree to take tests. testing. The 1974 Senate Subcommittee re­ tected by prohibitive legislation from such Thirteen states have laws limiting or ban­ port found most of the licensing require­ unwa.rria.nted lnva.sions/TRH. ning use of the polygraph for employment ments insufficient and criticized such laws (Research for this article conducted by purposes. These a.re Alaska., California, Con- in general for avoiding the real issues. Laura Kantrowitz, Oberlin College, '76.)

SENATE-Thursday, April 24, 1975