Explaining the immigrant integration laws of German, Italian and Spanish regions: Sub-state nationalism and multi-level party politics Christina Isabel Zuber, University of Konstanz,
[email protected] Preprint accepted for publication at Regional Studies, March 2019 Abstract How do sub-state regions respond to immigration and what drives their policy choices? Combining the cross-national literature on citizenship and integration policy with the literature on immigration federalism, I hypothesize that sub-state nationalism and multi-level party politics explain why some regions formulate more restrictive immigrant integration policies than others. Analysing integration laws of German, Italian, and Spanish regions demonstrates that socio-economically inclusive measures dominate, regardless of national context. Where restrictive provisions occur at all, they are associated with minority nationalism and the strength of anti-immigrant parties, while leftist regions facing right-wing national governments tend to adopt more inclusive policies. Keywords Immigrant integration policies; sub-state nationalism; party politics; Germany; Italy; Spain JEL Codes D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making 1 Acknowledgments I thank Romy Hansum, Katharina Potinius and Annika Stein for excellent research assistance with collecting and coding the integration laws, and Leonce Röth for generously sharing data on regional party politics and regional economies. Previous versions of this paper were presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops 2017 in Nottingham and the CES 2017 Annual Conference in Glasgow. Very helpful comments were given by Ilke Adam, Alexandra Filindra, Sean Müller, Lorenzo Piccoli, Anita Manatschal, Michael Tatham, as well as by two anonymous referees. The research was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), Cluster of Excellence 16, Cultural Foundations of Social Integration.