DOCSLIB.ORG

The TWO REFORMATIONS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The TWO REFORMATIONS The TWO REFORMATIONS The TWO REFORMATIONS The Journey from the Last Days to the New World HEIKO A. OBERMAN EDITED BY DONALD WEINSTEIN YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS / NEW HAVEN & LONDON Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Oliver Baty Cunningham of the Class of 1917, Yale College. Copyright ∫ 2003 by Yale University. All rights reserved. Several chapters in this book have appeared elsewhere and may have been revised. Chapter 1: ‘‘The Long Fifteenth Century: In Search of Its Profile,’’ appeared in Die deutsche Reformation zwischen Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit, ed. Thomas A. Brady, Jr., with Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien 50 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001). Chapter 2: ‘‘Luther and the Via Moderna: The Philosophical Backdrop of the Reformation Breakthrough,’’ is forthcoming in the Journal of Ecclesiastical History. Chapter 3: ‘‘Martin Luther Contra Medieval Monasticism: A Friar in the Lion’s Den,’’ appeared in Ad fontes Lutheri: Toward the Recovery of the Real Luther, Essays in Honor of Kenneth Hagen’s Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. Timothy Maschke, Franz Posset, and Joan Skocir, Marquette Studies in Theology 28 (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2001). Chapters 6, 7, and 8: ‘‘Toward the Recovery of the Historical Calvin: Redrawing the Map of Reformation Europe,’’ formed a plenary address presented by Oberman at the International Congress on Calvin Research, in Seoul, South Korea, in August 1998. Chapter 9: ‘‘Calvin: Honored, Forgotten, Maligned,’’ appeared in Oberman’s Calvin’s Legacy: Its Greatness and Limitations, trans. John Vriend (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1990). This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oberman, Heiko Augustinus. The two Reformations : the journey from the last days to the new world / Heiko A. Oberman ; edited by Donald Weinstein. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-300-09868-5 (alk. paper) 1. Luther, Martin, 1483–1546. 2. Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564. 3. Reformation. I. Weinstein, Donald, 1926– II. Title. br332.5 .o24 2003 270.6—dc21 2002153187 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gratefully dedicated to wayfarers who lived to destroy life-size caricatures ANDRÉ M. HUGO (1929–1975) —Professor of Classical History, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa —A Puritan Calvin scholar who lived and died opposing apartheid KLAUS SCHOLDER (1930–1985) —Professor of Contemporary History, University of Tübingen, Germany —A genuine German with a liberal smile, yet uncompromising in exposing the mythmakers of the Third Reich Burn after reading! —Sixteenth-century epistolary postscript Read them and weep. —Sixteenth-century Dutch card-table proverb Viele derjenigen, die unvorstellbar Furchtbares erlebt haben, schweigen. Sie haben nicht überlebt. —Wolfgang von Buch, Wir Kindersoldaten, 1998 CONTENTS Editor’s Preface xi Preface: Burn after Reading xv I The Gathering Storm 1 II Luther and the Via Moderna: The Philosophical Backdrop of the Reformation Breakthrough 21 III Martin Luther: A Friar in the Lion’s Den 44 IV Reformation: End Time, Modern Times, Future Times 62 V From Luther to Hitler 81 VI The Controversy over Images at the Time of the Reformation 86 VII Toward the Recovery of the Historical Calvin 97 VIII Toward a New Map of Reformation Europe 106 IX The Cutting Edge: The Reformation of the Refugees 111 X Calvin’s Legacy: Its Greatness and Limitations 116 Abbreviations 169 Notes 171 Index 227 EDITOR’S PREFACE Until a few days before he died, on April 22, 2001, Heiko Oberman had been working on two books. One was a new appraisal of Calvin’s career and thought, a labor of years of research, close study of Calvin’s writings, and deep reflection. The Calvin book was part of a scholarly life plan: Oberman had carried the story of Reformation religious thought from its roots in the late Middle Ages (for example, The Harvest of Medieval Theology, Forerunners of the Reformation, and The Dawn of the Reforma- tion) through Luther (Luther: Man between God and the Devil and Mas- ters of the Reformation), and after Calvin, the City Reformation, and the Reformation of the Refugees, he intended to turn his attention to what is often called the Radical Reformation (although Oberman would not so call it) and then carry the story into modern times and across oceans. With his Calvin still short of completion, however, Oberman learned that he had terminal cancer. About the same time he began writing another book, an extended essay comparing the respective contributions of Luther and Calvin toward the founding of the modern world. Clearly he regarded this as his last opportunity to place the Reformation in the larger perspective of European and American history. It was also the last chance he would have to express in print some of his deeply held feelings about such related matters as the influence of German nationalism on Reformation scholarship, the trahison des clercs of certain prominent twentieth-century German historians, and the Reformation and anti- Semitism (already addressed in his groundbreaking book The Roots of Anti-Semitism). The inspired energy that had driven Oberman’s entire scholarly and teaching career was ebbing, but, with still more verve than most of us have at our peak, he persevered. In the growing shadow of xi EDITOR’S PREFACE death, Oberman worked furiously—often, as I was told by Mrs. Ober- man, long into the night. Only when he began counting his life in days and when his strength was failing him did he seek help. Peter Dykema, one of his last doctoral students, would complete the Calvin book. I o√ered to do what I could, and Heiko asked me to edit and prepare for publication the chapters he had written for his second book in progress, on Luther, Calvin, and the onset of the modern world. I have undertaken this task as an expression of admiration for a great historian and wonder- ful colleague as well as a labor of love for a dear friend. The material Oberman left consisted of a preface and dedication as well as several chapters that were in a state I regarded as a penultimate draft; that is to say, the chapters were virtually complete as to content but were uneven in footnoting and in need of some editing and light revision. Another section, indicated in the original table of contents as The Aggres- sive Reformation, with chapters on The Reformation in the Streets, The First Book Burnings in Europe, The First Martyrs: From Books to Bodies, and The Image as Battlefield: Competing for the Simple Folk, remained to be written. Because no one but Oberman—certainly not I—could write those chapters, they are lost to us, with one partial exception. It is a paper, ‘‘Der Bilderstreit im Zeitalter der Reformation,’’ which he was preparing for delivery at the Interdisziplinärer Kongress, ‘‘Von der Macht und Ohnmacht der Bilder,’’ subsequently held at the Universität Bern, from January 21 through 24, 2001. It appeared to me that he intended it as part of the chapter The Image as Battlefield, and although time ran out before Oberman was able to complete or revise it, I decided to include it. I have translated it and added some notes. My friend David Price, associate professor of history at Southern Methodist University, went over my translation with extraordinary care and expertise and made invaluable corrections and suggestions, just as he had already done for some other passages. It appears here under the title The Controversy over Images in the Time of the Reformation. Although Heiko gave me carte blanche with the material, in editing the chapters he wrote I have tried to restrict myself to what he might have done to smooth out the text—so much of it produced at fever heat—to clarify a point, add a note, or check an American English idiom. Dutch- born and reared, Oberman commanded a remarkable English vocabu- xii EDITOR’S PREFACE lary and a writing style that must have been the envy of many a native American scholar. Only rarely did he fail to hit the nail squarely on the head, but it did happen, and I have tried to redirect those near misses. Heiko and I carried on a running debate about matters of style and tone: he loved alliteration, colorful similes and metaphors, and startling locu- tions. I prefer a more matter-of-fact style, and when criticizing other historians in print, I have tried (not always successfully) to maintain some measure of polite restraint; by contrast, Heiko, although he was very generous and fair, gleefully exposed and damned the scholarly short- comings of fellow historians, especially when they committed the cardi- nal sin of anachronism, failed to work hard enough at their subject, or displayed an inadequate grasp of his beloved sources. Sadly, death has given me the last word in that friendly debate, and if I have betrayed my resolve not to leave my own fingerprints on Heiko’s manuscript, it has been in yielding to the temptation to tone down a few of his more flamboyant images and in occasionally substituting a word or phrase with one that fits better what he meant to say. I have also made the decision (after some consultation) to present the surviving chapters as essays, each of which can stand alone as a scholarly contribution. This has little practical e√ect except to avoid giving the impression that they constitute the book that Oberman would have published had he lived to do it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book Viii of De Pauperie Salvatoris by Richard Fitzralph, and William Woodford's Defensorium
    CHRIST'S POVERTY IN ANTIMENDICANT DEBATE: BOOK VIII OF DE PAUPERIE SALVATORIS BY RICHARD FITZRALPH, AND WILLIAM WOODFORD'S DEFENSORIUM Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Bridget Riley Submitted July 2019 ABSTRACT This thesis comprises a study of two fourteenth-century texts, written as part of the mendicant controversy, book VIII of De pauperie Salvatoris by Richard FitzRalph, Archbishop of Armagh, (c. 1300-1360) and its response, Defensorium Fratrum Mendicantium contra Ricardum Armachanum in Octavo Libello de Pauperie Christi, by the English Franciscan friar, William Woodford (c. 1330-c. 1397). It introduces each theologian, speculating why such significant fourteenth-century thinkers are not more widely known to scholars of this period. It briefly explores how contemporary understandings of the practice of mendicancy have become obscured within a historiography which seems reluctant to turn to the works of the critics of the mendicant friars for information. Based on a close-reading of each text, the thesis examines FitzRalph's declaration that Christ did not beg, and Woodford's assertion that he did, noting how each theologian uses scripture, the writings of the Church fathers, those of mendicant theologians, and mobilizes arguments from the classical philosopher, Aristotle, to construct their opposing viewpoints. Focussing especially on discussions about poverty, and about the life and activities of Christ, it suggests that information valuable to social historians is located in these texts, where each theologian constructs their own worldview, and rationalizes their position. Of particular interest is FitzRalph's radical fashioning of Christ as a labouring carpenter, and Woodford's construction of a socio-economic and an anti-semitic argument to disprove it.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough* substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproductioiL In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these wül be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Nnsaber 9816176 ‘‘Ordo et lîbertas”: Church discipline and the makers of church order in sixteenth century North Germany Jaynes, JefiErey Philip, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pentecostal Aspects of Early Sixteenth Century Anabaptism
    PENTECOSTAL ASPECTS OF EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURY ANABAPTISM By CHARLES HANNON BYRD II A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Early sixteenth century radical Anabaptism emanated in Switzerland during Huldrych Zwingli’s protest against the Roman Catholic Church. Much like Martin Luther, Zwingli founded his reform effort on the Bible being the final arbiter of the faith, sola scriptura, and the sufficiency of the shed blood of Christ plus nothing for eternal salvation, sola fide. Based on these principles both adopted the doctrine of the Priesthood of the Believer which recognized every believer’s Spirit empowered ability to read and interpret the Bible for themselves. These initial theological tenets resulted in the literal reading of the Bible and a very pragmatic Christian praxis including a Pauline pneumatology that recognized the efficacy of the manifestation of the charismata. Radical adherents of Zwingli rejected infant baptism as being totally unbiblical and insisted upon the rebaptism of adults, but only on a personal confession of faith, thus the term Anabaptist.
    [Show full text]
  • MAT TYPE 001 L578o "Levine, Lawrence W"
    CALL #(BIBLIO) AUTHOR TITLE LOCATION UPDATED(ITEM) MAT TYPE 001 L578o "Levine, Lawrence W" "The opening of the American mind : canons, culture, and history / Lawrence W. Levine" b 001.56 B632 "The Body as a medium of expression : essays based on a course of lectures given at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London / edited by Jonathan Benthall and Ted Polhemus" b 001.9 Sh26e "Shaw, Eva, 1947-" "Eve of destruction : prophecies, theories, and preparations for the end of the world / by Eva Shaw" b 001.942 C841u "Craig, Roy, 1924-" UFOs : an insider's view of the official quest for evidence / by Roy Craig b 001.942 R159p "Randle, Kevin D., 1949-" Project Blue Book exposed / Kevin D. Randle b 001.942 St97u "Sturrock, Peter A. (Peter Andrew)" The UFO enigma : a new review of the physical evidence / Peter A. Sturrock b 001.942 Uf7 The UFO phenomenon / by the editors of Time- Life Books b 001.944 M191m "Mackal, Roy P" The monsters of Loch Ness / Roy P. Mackal b 001.944 M541s "Meredith, Dennis L" Search at Loch Ness : the expedition of the New York times and the Academy of Applied Science / Dennis L. Meredith b 001.96 L891s "Lorie, Peter" Superstitions / Peter Lorie b 004 P587c "Pickover, Clifford A" Computers and the imagination : visual adventures beyond the edge / Clifford A. Pickover b 004.16 R227 2001 Reader's Digest the new beginner's guide to home computing b 004.1675 Ip1b3 2013 "Baig, Edward C" iPad for dummies / by Edward C. Baig and Bob Dr. Mac LeVitus b 004.1675 Ip2i 2012 "iPhone for seniors : quickly start working with the user-friendly
    [Show full text]
  • REBIRTH, REFORM and RESILIENCE Universities in Transition 1300-1700
    REBIRTH, REFORM AND RESILIENCE Universities in Transition 1300-1700 Edited by James M. Kittelson and Pamela J. Transue $25.00 REBIRTH, REFORM, AND RESILIENCE Universities in Transition, 1300-1700 Edited by James M. Kittelson and Pamela]. Transue In his Introduction to this collection of original essays, Professor Kittelson notes that the university is one of the few institutions that medieval Latin Christendom contributed directly to modern Western civilization. An export wherever else it is found, it is unique to Western culture. All cultures, to be sure, have had their intellec­ tuals—those men and women whose task it has been to learn, to know, and to teach. But only in Latin Christendom were scholars—the company of masters and students—found gathered together into the universitas whose entire purpose was to develop and disseminate knowledge in a continu­ ous and systematic fashion with little regard for the consequences of their activities. The studies in this volume treat the history of the universities from the late Middle Ages through the Reformation; that is, from the time of their secure founding, through the period in which they were posed the challenges of humanism and con­ fessionalism, but before the explosion of knowl­ edge that marked the emergence of modern science and the advent of the Enlightenment. The essays and their authors are: "University and Society on the Threshold of Modern Times: The German Connection," by Heiko A. Ober­ man; "The Importance of the Reformation for the Universities: Culture and Confessions in the Criti­ cal Years," by Lewis W. Spitz; "Science and the Medieval University," by Edward Grant; "The Role of English Thought in the Transformation of University Education in the Late Middle Ages," by William J.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliográfia
    © Typotex Kiadó BIBLIOGRÁFIA H. P. Adams: Karl Marx in His Earlier Writings. London, G. Allen & Unwin, 1940. John Quincy Adams: „Dinner with President Jefferson”, in: Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of his Diary from 1795 to 1848, szerk. Charles Francis Adams. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1874–77, pp. 60–61. Leon Battista Alberti: A családról szóló könyvek, ford. Kardos Tiborné, in: Reneszánsz etikai antológia. Budapest, Gondolat, 1984. Leon Battista Alberti: Dinner Pieces, ford. David Marsh. Binghamton, NY, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies in Conjunction with the Renaissance Society of America, 1987. Leon Battista Alberti: Intercenales, szerk. Franco Bacchelli és Luca D’Ascia. Bologna, Pendragon, 2003. W. R. Albury: „Halley’s Ode on the Principia of Newton and the Epicurean Revival in England”, Journal of the History of Ideas 39 (1978), pp. 24–43. Don Cameron Allen: „The Rehabilitation of Epicurus and His Theory of Pleasure in the Early Renaissance”, Studies in Philology 41 (1944), pp. 1–15. Anon.: „The Land of Cokaygne”, in: Angela M. Lucas (szerk.): Anglo-Irish Poems of the Middle Ages: The Kildare Poems. Dublin, Columbia Press, 1995. Giovanni Aquilecchia: „In Facie Prudentis Relucet Sapientia: Appunti Sulla Letteratura Metoposcopica tra Cinque e Seicento”, in: Giovan Battista della Porta nell’Europa del Suo Tempo. Nápoly, Guida, 1990, pp. 199–228. Leila Avrin: Scribes, Script and Books: The Book Arts from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Chicago és London, American Library Association and the British Library, 1991. P. Bacci: Cenni Biografici e Religiosita di Poggi Bracciolini. Firenze, Enrico Ariani e l’arte della Stampa, 1963. Cyril Bailey: The Greek Atomists and Epicurus: A Study.
    [Show full text]
  • 10390794.Pdf
    https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] EUCHARISTIC SACRIFICE AND THE PATRISTIC TRADITION IN THE Th e o l o g y o f m a r t in b u c e r I534-I546. by Nicholas James Thompson Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Glasgow Appli^Qoo, © Nicholas Thompson 2ooo ProQuest Number: 10390794 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10390794 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). C o pyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • CHH Volume 40 Issue 4 Cover and Front Matter
    cbirocb ^ISTORI] AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CHURCH HISTORY, DECEMBER, 1971 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.40.219, on 25 Sep 2021 at 22:01:08, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009640700027244 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CHURCH HISTORY PRESIDENT MARTIN E. MARTY, Divinity School, University of Chicago VICE-PRESIDENT CARL BANGS, Saint Paul School of Theology, Kansas City SECRETARY JAMES H. SMYLTE, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Va. ASSISTANT SECRETARY STUART C. HENRY, Divinity School, Duke University TREASURER GUY S. KLETT, Oreland, Pa. EDITORS ROBERT M. GRANT T MARTIN E. MARTY I Divinity School University of Chicago JERALD C. BRAUER J MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL Editor Representative for 1971: JERALD C. BRAUER Class of 1971—Transitional History RICHARD C. CAMERON ELWYN A. SMITH JOHN TRACY ELLIS HEIKO OBERMAN ROBERT M. GRANT Class of 1972 DENO GEANAKOPLOS WILLIAM A. CLEBSCH LAWRENCE N. JONES JANE DEMPSEY DOUGLASS JAMES HENNESEY Class of 1973 GEORGE MOSSE EDWIN S. GAUSTAD MARIANKA FOUSEK JOHN F. WILSON W. S. RETO The society was founded in 1888 by Philip Schaff, reorganized in 1906, and incorporated by act of the Legislature of New York in 1916. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.40.219, on 25 Sep 2021 at 22:01:08, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009640700027244 cbuRcb foisrocy Edited by Robert M. Grant, Martin E. Marty, and Jerald C.
    [Show full text]
  • Cessario Introduction to Moral
    Introduction to Moral Theology General Editor: Romanus Cessario, O.P. Introduction to Moral Theology Romanus Cessario, O.P. The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. Copyright © The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, .-. ∞ -- Cessario, Romanus. —Introduction to moral theology / Romanus Cessario. ———p.mcm. — (Catholic moral thought) ——Includes bibliographical references and index. —— --- (cloth : alk. paper) — --- (pbk. : alk. paper) ——. Christian ethics.m. Catholic Church—Doctrines.m. Title.m. Series. —.c— —´.—dc For Bernard Francis Cardinal Law Archbishop of Boston on the occasion of his seventieth birthday Contents Acknowledgments, ix Introduction, xi . The Starting Point for Christian Moral Theology Sacra Doctrina and Moral Theology, The Human Person as Imago Dei, Human Flourishing and Beatitudo, . Moral Realism and the Natural Law Divine Providence and the Eternal Law, A Christian View of Natural Law, . The Origin and Structure of Virtuous Behavior The Voluntariness of Christian Freedom, Human Action and the Guidance of Church Teaching, The Primacy of Prudence for a Virtuous Choice, A Brief Speculative Excursion into Freedom and Providence, . The Form of a Good Moral Action Christian Realism and the Form of the Moral Good, Finding Goodness in Objects, Ends, and Circumstances, Virtue, Teleology, and Beatitude, . The Life of Christian Virtue and Freedom Habitus and Virtues: Pattern of a Graced Life, The Gifts of the Holy Spirit: Guides for the Moral Life, The New Law of Freedom: Christ’s Gift to His Church, Appendix Flight from Virtue: The Outlook of the Casuist Systems, Select Bibliography, Index, Acknowledgments “To live is Christ” (Phil :).
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses of Religious Change in England, C. 1414 – 1688
    THE SEMANTICS OF REFORMATION: DISCOURSES OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN ENGLAND, C. 1414 – 1688 By [Copyright 2016] Benjamin Michael Guyer Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson: Jonathan Clark ________________________________ Luis Corteguera ________________________________ Katherine Clark ________________________________ Steven Epstein ________________________________ Geraldo Sousa Date Defended: March 07, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Michael Guyer certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: THE SEMANTICS OF REFORMATION: DISCOURSES OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN ENGLAND, C. 1414 – 1688 ________________________________ Chairperson: Jonathan Clark Date approved: March 07, 2016 ii Abstract The Semantics of Reformation: Discourses of Religious Change in England, c. 1414 – 1688 examines how the events of the sixteenth century were conceptualized as the English Reformation. The word ‘reformation’ was widely used during these centuries, but its meaning changed in significant ways. By adopting a linguistic methodology, the dissertation studies reformation as a concept in motion; consequently, the English Reformation, a term widely used today, is treated not as an analytic category but as a historiographical label that developed contingently. The chapters fall into three roughly equal sections, each of which covers a distinct discourse of reformation. Chapters one and two cover the first discourse, which identified reformation as the work of a church council. This discourse began at the Council of Constance (1414 – 1418) and remained firmly in place in all Christian localities through the mid-sixteenth century, when it was challenged by a new discourse: reformation by armed resistance, which is introduced at the end of chapter two and discussed in chapters three and four.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medieval Luther
    Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation Studies in the Late Middle Ages, Humanism, and the Reformation edited by Volker Leppin (Tübingen) in association with Amy Nelson Burnett (Lincoln, NE), Johannes Helmrath (Berlin), Matthias Pohlig (Berlin), Eva Schlotheuber (Düsseldorf) und Klaus Unterburger (Regensburg) 117 The Medieval Luther Edited by Christine Helmer Mohr Siebeck Christine Helmer is Professor of German and Religious Studies at Northwestern University. ISBN 978-3-16-158980-5 / eISBN 978-3-16-158981-2 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-158981-2 ISSN 1865-2840 / eISSN 2569-4391 (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2020 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by epline in Böblingen using Minion typeface, printed on non-aging paper by Gulde-Druck in Tübingen, and bound by Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. for Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017) teacher, mentor, friend Acknowledgments Over her long and productive career, Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017) made a number of signal and foundational contributions to situating Luther’s thought in relation to the late medieval nominalists. Her two-volume work on William Ockham from 1987 inspired medievalists to analyze philosophical and theological questions of the era they study in view of key thinkers with whom Luther was familiar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reformers and Tradition: Seeing the Roots of the Problem
    religions Article The Reformers and Tradition: Seeing the Roots of the Problem R. Ward Holder Theology Department, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH 03102, USA; [email protected] Academic Editor: Christopher Metress Received: 10 February 2017; Accepted: 15 May 2017; Published: 31 May 2017 Abstract: Challenges the ideal of scripture vs. tradition as a manner of separating Protestants from Catholics in the early modern period, to argue instead that historians should be setting out a continuum of continuity with the medieval inheritance, and considering our typologies of the Reform movements against that. Then, as we teach the Christian Intellectual Tradition, we can see both genealogical and influential links across the eras, and present a better picture of what was going on in the Era of the Reformations, and through that, come to a greater understanding of the human condition. Keywords: scripture; tradition; Reformation(s); Reformers; Protestant; Catholic; radical; Martin Luther; John Calvin In 1517, on the Vigil of All Saints Day, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the church in Wittenberg, and changed history forever. Actually, many of these facts can be challenged—Luther may or may not have posted the 95 Theses, for instance. But for teaching the Christian Intellectual Tradition, this is truly one of those “red letter days.” That’s why all early modernists worth their salt are going to spend the remainder of this year and next talking about how their research throws particularly bright light on Martin Luther, and the Reformation. Early modern or Reformation scholarship is going to be all Luther, all the time, for the remainder of 2016 and 2017.
    [Show full text]