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Church History Church History and and Religious Culture 99 (2019) 465–484 Religious Culture brill.com/chrc A Two- and a Threefold Cord Martin Statius on Mixed Marriages and Interconfessional Relationships Johannes Müller Leiden University [email protected] Abstract Religious coexistence and even mixed marital unions were an undeniable reality in many parts of early modern Europe. Despite occasional harsh criticisms by the clergy, church authorities often had no choice than to silently accept religious diversity as an embarrassing fact of life. This article addresses the rare case of the Danzig Lutheran preacher Martin Statius (1589–1655), who tried to articulate well-balanced guidelines for the question of how to deal with religious diversity in public and private spaces. In order to create a theological framework for the discussion of this problem, Statius distinguished between three forms of human love: “natural, civic and spiritual.” Cat- egorizing love and friendship in this manner enabled Statius to bridge the deep gap between theological ideals and the unruly reality of everyday life and offers an illu- minating insight into confessional discourses and their relation to the social reality in multiconfessional cities. Keywords early modern religion – religious coexistence – Danzig – mixed marriages – preaching – Lutheranism – Baltic – religious diversity In many regions of early modern Europe, religious coexistence and marriages between adherents of different confessions were a fact of life, even though they were harshly criticized by church officials, as they challenged confessional identities and their reproduction in future generations. In cities of the seven- teenth and eighteenth century Dutch Republic, often cited as the prime exam- ple of religious diversity in Western Europe, intermarriage rates ranged from 1 percent to peaks of 8 percent, while marriages between different Protestant © johannes müller, 2019 | doi:10.1163/18712428-09903008 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NCDownloaded4.0 License. -
Pat-Abendroth-Dissertation.Pdf
A Pastoral Note About My Doctoral Project I am glad you are interested in reading my dissertation. Given that it took a fair amount of effort and my passion for the subject matter, I am happy to share it with church members and friends. Please allow me to introduce you to the project by saying just a few things. If you ask someone what Covenant Theology is and if it is a good or bad thing, you will likely hear lots of different answers. It is fairly common for evangelicals to respond by either saying they do not know what Covenant Theology is or by describing it as something unbiblical and relating to a particular view regarding millennialism, baptism, or Israel. There are three major problems with such responses. First, classic Covenant Theology is essentially concerned with matters of sin and salvation, not something else. Second, the biblical support for such things as the federal headship of Adam and Jesus is strong (federal being from the Latin foedus meaning covenant). Third, when Covenant Theology is rejected, justification by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone is at best in serious jeopardy. My dissertation is a promotion and defense of classic Covenant Theology. I have written out of a pastoral passion to help people understand human history federally/covenantally just as the Apostle Paul did as he wrote inspired Scripture (see Romans 5:12-21). Likewise, I have written in order to demonstrate the vital connection between Covenant Theology and justification by faith alone, the doctrine that is so commonly compromised by rejecters of the federal perspective. -
Strack-Billerbeck, Orthodoxy and a Jewish New Testament
Strack-Billerbeck, Orthodoxy and a Jewish New Testament J A Loader Universitat Wien Professor extraordinarius of Department of Old Testament University of South Africa 1. INTRODUCTION The library of the Protestant Faculty at the University of Vienna owns a collection of some 200 old printed books from the time of the Reformation and the era it initiated. Several older publications are also to be found in the Institute of Church History and Christian Art, which is, of course, to be expected. However, the Institute of Old Testament and Biblical Archeology too houses a number of historical publications which can be classified as "old material". Several of them date from the eighteenth century and reflect the exegetical interests of the time. One of the most valuable of these old books is titled Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae in universum Novum Testamentum or "Explanatory Hebrew and Talmu dic notes on the complete New Testament", written by Christian Schoettgen and published in 1733 at Dresden and Leipzig by the Christoph Hekel publishing house. The author and his book are practically unknown. Presentday biographical dictiona ries, church histories, histories of theology and research histories hardly mention him HTS 5512 & 3 (1999) Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library601 Services Strack-Billerbeck, Orthodoxy and a Jewish New Testament or his book of well over 1000 pages. The only references to him that I know of, are to be found in two old German biographical collections dating respectively from 1891 and 1906, written by the same author (Muller 1891:412-417; Muller 1906:704-705), and in an incidental reference in RGG5 (Liebing 1961:1532). -
Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Lillback, Phd President and Professor of Historical Theology Westminster Theological Seminary Philadelphia, United States of America
Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Lillback, PhD President and Professor of Historical Theology Westminster Theological Seminary Philadelphia, United States of America Degrees 1985 PhD, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, PA (Reformation and Post Reformation Studies); Dissertation: “The Binding of God: Calvin’s Role in the Development of Covenant Theology.” 1978 ThM, Dallas Theological Seminary, Dallas TX (Systematic Theology and Apologetics); Thesis: “The Significance of the Noetic Effects of Sin for a Theistic Epistemology.” 1974 BA, Cedarville College, Cedarville, OH (Pre-Seminary Bible, Speech, and minors in New Testament Greek and Philosophy) Professional 2005– President and Professor of Historical Theology Teaching Experience: Faculty of IRES in Jakarta, Indonesia (2012–); Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia (1981–2005); Philadelphia Theological Seminary (1995–1999); Cranmer Theological Seminary, Shreveport, LA (1996); Chesapeake Theological Seminary (1990–1996); Center for Urban Theological Studies (1986); Reformed Bible Institute (1981); Southern Bible Training School (1976) Pastoral Experience 1991–2009 Senior Pastor, Proclamation Presbyterian Church, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 1988–1991 Associate Pastor, Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Newark, Delaware 1982–1988 Pastor, Bethany Presbyterian Church, Oxford, Pennsylvania Honors 2009 George Washington’s Sacred Fire became #1 bestseller on the Amazon List 1978 High Honor graduate of Dallas Theological Seminary 1974 Oxford Press Bible Award: Highest Honor graduate of Cedarville College 1973 Who’s Who Among Students in American Universities and Colleges 1973 President of the Philosophy Club at Cedarville College Selected Special Lectures 2005 Inaugurated as President of Westminster Seminary 1997 Dedication of Villa Grazia, Palm Beach, Florida 1996 “The Christianity of George Washington,” Contemporary Issues Conference Seminar at Westminster Theological Seminary 1995 “Apologetics & Reformation”-Conference on Apologetics at Westminster Theological Seminary 1994 Debate with Mr. -
Mentoring Westminster Today
Westminster Today WINTER 2010 | vol 2 . I s s 1 f o r m i n g . t e a c h i n g . e n g a g i n g mentoring Servant Leaders in this issue Desert Bloom | page 6 China Log | page 14 Mentoring servant Leaders Forming Specialists in the Bible ithout fear of contradiction, Jesus is the greatest educator in history. his Great Commission declares, “Go and make disciples (learners) of all nations” (Matthew 28:19). the School of Christ is worldwide and eternal in character. People from every kindred, tribe, tongue and nation are included (rev. 5:9). in the ages to come, we will still be learning of his grace (eph. 2:6-7)! in obedience to Christ’s Great Commission, Westminster theological Seminary operates as a school of higher learning to train pastors, teachers and Wleaders for the Kingdom of Christ by Declaring the Whole Counsel of God. in the spirit of Christ’s gospel imperative, we seek to make lifelong learners of the unsearchable riches of God in Christ as revealed in the historic-redemptive self- disclosure of God in the Scriptures. We have been doing that now for 80 years. our living graduates and alumni, numbering well over 6,000, are serving in over 60 countries around the globe. these have been consistently identified with what Westminster has cherished—high scholarship and depth of orthodox theology, which seeks to reflect Christ’s love and gospel service. Will you come and join our community of servant leaders and specialists in the Bible? When you do, you will join our worldwide alumni who cherish and joyfully pursue the greatest commission ever given among men—to make learners of the saving and eternal gospel of Jesus Christ, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. -
Hot Off the Press!
New Logo Many of you noticed last week in the bulletin that there SEPT 2017 is a new logo for CHPC. This is the first fruit of the HotHot OffOff thethe Press!Press! 9/17/1712/1/13 Identity Team which is itself part of the larger Regen- eration campaign. The team formed at the beginning of 2017 and worked with Brownstone Design to come up with a new logo for our church. 2017 — the 500th Anniversary of the of Scotland. England again stood with the reformers. France sided with Catholic leaders including the regent Queen, Mary PROTESTANT REFORMATION. 9TH IN A SERIES. of Guise (Mary Queen of Scots). In the center of the block-long ‘Reformation Wall’ in Geneva Finally in 1560-1561, the Scottish Parliament met to settle the Switzerland stand four 16 foot tall statues: William Farel (1489-1565); 1 John Calvin (1509–1564); John Knox (1513–1572) and Theodore dispute. They approved the Scots Confession. It abolished Beza (1519–1605). Knox’s amazing life was covered in two articles. the rule of the Pope, condemned all practice and doctrine con- trary to the Reformed Faith, and outlawed the celebration of the mass. One result was that for nearly 400 years educators THE MAN WHO CHANGED SCOTLAND in Scotland were required to affi rm the Scots Confession and ...AND THE WORLD PART 2 later the Westminister Confession. God’s Word became the BY ELDER RICK SCHATZ, EVANGELICAL COMMUNITY CHURCH standard for schools...and it changed Scotland and the world. In the previous article on Knox, Rev Tom Sweets noted: “Some- The controversy between the Reformed Faith and Roman thing dramatic happened in Scotland.. -
Resurrection in Daniel 12 and Its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1996 Resurrection in Daniel 12 and its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel Artur A. Stele Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Stele, Artur A., "Resurrection in Daniel 12 and its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel" (1996). Dissertations. 148. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/148 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
The Doctrine of the Church and Its Ministry According to the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of the Usa
THE DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH AND ITS MINISTRY ACCORDING TO THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNOD OF THE USA by KARL EDWIN KUENZEL Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY In the subject SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR ERASMUS VAN NIEKERK November 2006 ii Summary Nothing has influenced and affected the Lutheran Church in the U.S.A. in the past century more than the doctrine of the Church and its Ministry. When the first Norwegian immigrants entered the U.S. in the middle of the 19th century, there were not enough Lutheran pastors to minister to the spiritual needs of the people. Some of these immigrants resorted to a practice that had been used in Norway, that of using lay-preachers. This created problems because of a lack of proper theological training. The result was the teaching of false doctrine. Some thought more highly of the lay-preachers than they did of the ordained clergy. Consequently clergy were often viewed with a discerning eye and even despised. This was one of the earliest struggles within the Norwegian Synod. Further controversies involved whether the local congregation is the only form in which the church exists. Another facet of the controversy involves whether or not the ministry includes only the pastoral office; whether or not only ordained clergy do the ministry; whether teachers in the Lutheran schools are involved in the ministry; and whether or not any Christian can participate in the public ministry. Is a missionary, who serves on behalf of the entire church body, a pastor? If only the local congregation can call a pastor, then a missionary cannot be a pastor because he serves the entire church body in establishing new congregations. -
Exegetical Fallacies: Common Interpretive Mistakes Every Student Must Avoid
TMSJ 19/1 (Spring 2008) 15-27 EXEGETICAL FALLACIES: COMMON INTERPRETIVE MISTAKES EVERY STUDENT MUST AVOID William D. Barrick Professor of Old Testament Students of the Bible often make mistakes that can be avoided if they are aware of errors that others have committed. One of the errors is the “Evidential Fallacy” which fails to approach the text with the presumption that it is accurate. Another mistake is the “Superior Knowledge Fallacy” which occurs when one, in approaching difficult texts, practices textual emendation to accommodate the critic’s ignorance. A third mistake is the “Word Study Fallacy” which uses imaginative extrapolations to find unjustified meanings in individual words. The “Fallacy of Reading Between the Lines” reads into the Scriptures what one thinks the text implies. Another mistake occurs in improper explanations of the two tenses of Hebrew verbs, the perfect (or qatal) and the imperfect (or yiqtol). Occasionally in the NT, the “Fallacy of Ignoring Particles” causes an interpreter to miss emphasis that is conveyed by Greek particles. Sometimes a translation leaves out words found in the original language causing the “Fallacy of Reduction.” Correct interpretation results from close attention to details of the text in avoiding the mistakes mentioned above, as well as others. * * * * * Introduction Over twenty years ago, D. A. Carson published his volume entitled Exegeti- cal Fallacies (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984). In it he covers the areas of word-study fallacies, grammatical fallacies, logical fallacies, and presuppositional and historical fallacies. This writer believes that the book should be required reading for every Bible student. Although Carson might be faulted in his own exegesis for some of the examples he employs, he does a respectable job of covering the issues. -
“Here I Stand” — the Reformation in Germany And
Here I Stand The Reformation in Germany and Switzerland Donald E. Knebel January 22, 2017 Slide 1 1. Later this year will be the 500th anniversary of the activities of Martin Luther that gave rise to what became the Protestant Reformation. 2. Today, we will look at those activities and what followed in Germany and Switzerland until about 1555. 3. We will pay particular attention to Luther, but will also talk about other leaders of the Reformation, including Zwingli and Calvin. Slide 2 1. By 1500, the Renaissance was well underway in Italy and the Church was taking advantage of the extraordinary artistic talent coming out of Florence. 2. In 1499, a 24-year old Michelangelo had completed his famous Pietà, commissioned by a French cardinal for his burial chapel. Slide 3 1. In 1506, the Church began rebuilding St. Peter’s Basilica into the magnificent structure it is today. 2. To help pay for such masterpieces, the Church had become a huge commercial enterprise, needing a lot of money. 3. In 1476, Pope Sixtus IV had created a new market for indulgences by “permit[ing] the living to buy and apply indulgences to deceased loved ones assumed to be suffering in purgatory for unrepented sins.” Ozment, The Age of Reform: 1250-1550 at 217. 4. By the time Leo X became Pope in 1513, “it is estimated that there were some two thousand marketable Church jobs, which were literally sold over the counter at the Vatican; even a cardinal’s hat might go to the highest bidder.” Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church at 198. -
Text of the Gospel of Mark: Lake Revisited
BABELAO 3 (2014), p. 145-169 + Appendix, p. 171-289 © ABELAO (Belgium) The « Caesarean » Text of the Gospel of Mark: Lake Revisited By Didier Lafleur IRHT - Paris n the field of history and practice of New Testament textual criticism, two major stages were initiated during the last cen- tury by Kirsopp Lake. The first of these was the publication, Iin 19 02, of a survey concerning Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, in the Texts and Studies series (7:3). The second stage was the pub- lication, in 1928, with Robert P. Blake and Silva New, of « The Caesarean Text of the Gospel of Mark » in the Harvard Theological Review (21:4). For the first time, the authors emphasized the exist- ence of such text on the basis of three major pieces of evidence: the Greek manuscripts, the patristic witnesses and the Oriental versions. Since then, the question of the « Caesarean » text-type has been a very disputed matter. It still remains an important tex- tual issue.1 1 This paper was first presented during the Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting 2012, Chicago, November 18. 146 D. LAFLEUR Our plan is not to discuss here about the « Caesarean » text and its subsequent developments, but to mainly focus the genesis of Lake’s publication. The survey of his preliminary works will help us to better consider, after a short account of Lake’s biobibliography, the way he followed until the 1928 « Caesarean Text of the Gospel of Mark » and which methodology he used. We will then emphasize one of the three pieces of evidence quot- ed by the authors, the evidence of the Greek manuscripts as de- scribed in their tables of variants. -
JOHANN AUGUST ERNESTI: the ROLE of HISTORY in BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION John H. Sailhamer* I. Introduction
JETS 44/2 (June 2001) 193–206 JOHANN AUGUST ERNESTI: THE ROLE OF HISTORY IN BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION john h. sailhamer* i. introduction This article will address the question regarding the role of history in Bib- lical interpretation. It will do so within the context of an evangelical view of Scripture. By this I mean a view that holds the Bible to be the inspired locus of divine revelation. There are, of course, other approaches to Scripture and hermeneutics. There are probably also other definitions of the evangelical view of Scripture; but I think the view I have described is the classical view that is rooted in classical orthodoxy and the Reformation creeds. My primary interest in the subject of this article is and has been in the hermeneutics of the OT. The literature and historical situation of the com- position of the OT and the NT are different enough to caution against a fac- ile application of the same hermeneutical principles to both. Nevertheless, I believe that the same principles do apply to both, but each in terms of its own specific issues and questions. In this article I will approach the question of the role of history in Bib- lical interpretation from the point of view of the history of interpretation. I have elsewhere given a lengthy theoretical discussion of the issue.1 There I argued that history, and especially the discipline of philology (the study of ancient texts), should play a central role in our understanding about the Biblical texts. Who was the author? When was a book written? Why was it written? What is the lexical meaning of its individual words? History also plays a central role in the apologetic task of defending the historical verac- ity of the Biblical record.