DOCSLIB.ORG

00 Textiles and Textile Production.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

This pdf of your paper in Textiles and Textile Production in Europe belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (April 2016), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books ([email protected]). Textiles and Textile Production in Europe from Prehistory to ad 400 edited by Margarita Gleba and Ulla Mannering ISBN 978-1-84217-463-0 © OXbow BooKS 2012 www.oxbowbooks.com ANCIENT TEXTILES SERIES VOL. 11 CONTENTS Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................................................................v Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................................................vi List of Maps ......................................................................................................................................................................................viii Introduction: Textile Preservation, Analysis and Technology ......................................................................................................1 Margarita Gleba and Ulla Mannering Austria 1. Austria: Bronze and Iron Ages ................................................................................................................................................27 Karina Grömer 2. Austria: Roman Period ..............................................................................................................................................................65 Kordula Gostenčnik Denmark 3. Denmark ......................................................................................................................................................................................91 Ulla Mannering, Margarita Gleba and Marianne Bloch Hansen Germany 4. Germany: Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages .....................................................................................................................122 Susan Möller-Wiering 5. Case Study: The Textiles from the Princely Burial at Eberdingen-Hochdorf, Germany .............................................139 Johanna Banck-Burgess 6. Germany: Roman Iron Age ....................................................................................................................................................153 Susan Möller-Wiering and Julian Subbert Greece 7. Greece ........................................................................................................................................................................................185 †Youlie Spantidaki and Christophe Moulherat Italy 8. Italy: Bronze Age ......................................................................................................................................................................203 Marta Bazzanella 9. Italy: Iron Age ...........................................................................................................................................................................215 Margarita Gleba 10. Case Study: The Textiles from Verucchio, Italy ..................................................................................................................242 Annemarie Stauffer 11. Case Study: The Tablet-Woven Borders of Verucchio ......................................................................................................254 Lise Ræder Knudsen Latvia 12. Latvia ..........................................................................................................................................................................................266 Irita Zeiere Norway 13. Norway .......................................................................................................................................................................................275 Sunniva Halvorsen Poland 14. Poland .........................................................................................................................................................................................293 Jerzy Maik Slovak and Czech Republics 15. Slovak and Czech Republics ...................................................................................................................................................306 Tereza Belanová-Štolcová Spain 16. Spain ...........................................................................................................................................................................................334 Carmen Alfaro Giner Sweden 17. Sweden .......................................................................................................................................................................................349 Mari-Louise Franzén, Amica Sundström, Eva Lundwall and Eva Andersson Strand Switzerland 18. Switzerland: Neolithic Period .................................................................................................................................................367 Fabienne Médard 19. Switzerland: Bronze and Iron Ages .......................................................................................................................................378 Antoinette Rast-Eicher Ukraine 20. Ukraine .......................................................................................................................................................................................399 Margarita Gleba and Tatjana Krupa United Kingdom and Ireland 21. Scotland and Ireland ................................................................................................................................................................428 Elizabeth Wincott Heckett 22. England: Bronze and Iron Ages ............................................................................................................................................444 Dee DeRoche 23. England: Roman Period ..........................................................................................................................................................451 John Peter Wild Index ..................................................................................................................................................................................................457 Foreword Lotte Hedeager and Kristian Kristiansen Over the last 10–15 years, textile studies have their production, distribution and consumption moved from being a specialised niche at the during later prehistory. Compelling new academic periphery towards the centre stage evidence from strontium isotope analyses of of archaeological and historical research. textiles is now for the first time able to trace This book, originating from the Danish the origin of textiles, and the first results from National Research Foundation’s Centre for the well-known Huldremose woman’s dress, Textile Research (CTR) at the SAXO Institute, a bog sacrifice from Denmark, demonstrate University of Copenhagen is a testimony to that some of the materials for clothing and the the sustained and systematic efforts behind woman probably originated outside Denmark. such a development. Furthermore, it is a major New studies of textile technologies are also contribution to the expanding field of textile increasing our understanding of the complexity research, just as it adds yet another publication and sophistication of textile production in to the Oxbow Ancient Textiles Series, which Europe from the Bronze Age onwards, when has opened up the field to the non-specialist. wool production took over as the dominant Beginning with the major synthesis ‘Ancient material, and subsequently changed the animal Textiles: Production, Craft and Society’, which economy towards this new domain. We know took the reader around all important aspects from the famous texts in ancient Anatolia of of textile production and consumption in the how the Old Assyrian caravan trade during the ancient world, as handed down through texts, 19th to 18th centuries BC was organised around iconography and archaeological finds, this most the highly profitable trade in fine textiles, and recent book addresses the archaeological traces it is now becoming increasingly evident that of textile production and consumption during a major shift occured also in Europe, where the Bronze and Iron Ages in Europe. The new wool clothing encultured the Bronze Age overview is systematically organised country body, and created an entirely new economic by country, and each chapter is structured sector that persisted and expanded into the according to the same plan, beginning with Iron Age. chronology and cultural history and then The articles in this book not only provide an moving on to a discussion of the archaeological overview of the evidence, but also summarise evidence of textiles and their production. recent research. The editors and the authors It will be an invaluable guide for the are to be congratulated for presenting such a increasing number of archaeologists who major, systematic endeavour which will serve understand the central role played by textiles, archaeological research in years to come. Preface This book had its genesis in 2007, when textile
Recommended publications
  • Library Author List 12:2020

    Library Author List 12:2020

    SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Abel, Isabel Multiple Harness Patterns Weaving Instruction Adelson, Laurie Weaving Tradition of Highland Bolivia Ethnic Textiles Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes and Home Dyeing Dyeing Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes in the United States Dyeing Ahnlund, Gunnila Vava Bilder (Swedish Tapestry) Ethnic Textiles Albers, Anni On Designing Design Albers, Anni On Weaving General Weaving Albers, Josef Interaction of Color Design Alderman, Sharon D. Handwoven, Tailormade Clothing Alderman, Sharon D. Handweaver's Notebook General Weaving Alderman, Sharon D. Mastering Weave Structures Weaving Patterns Alexander, Marthann Weaving Handcraft General Weaving Allard, Mary Rug Making Techniques and Design Rug Weaving Allen, Helen Louise American & European Hand Weaving General Weaving American Craft Museum Diane Itter: A retrospective Catalog American Tapestry American Tapestry Biennial I Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry American Tapestry Today Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry Panorama of Tapestry, Catalog Tapestry Alliance American-Scandinavian The Scandinavian Touch Ethnic Textiles Foundation Amos, Alden 101 Questions for Spinners Spinning 1 SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Amsden, Charles A. Navaho Weaving Navajo Weaving Anderson, Clarita Weave Structures Used In North Am. Coverlets Weave Structures Anderson, Marilyn Guatemalan Textiles Today Ethnic Textiles Anderson, Sarah The Spinner’s Book of Yarn Designs
  • Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’S Cotton Frontier C.1890-1950

    Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’S Cotton Frontier C.1890-1950

    Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’s Cotton Frontier c.1890-1950 By Jack Southern A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of a PhD, at the University of Central Lancashire April 2016 1 i University of Central Lancashire STUDENT DECLARATION FORM I declare that whilst being registered as a candidate of the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another aware of the University or other academic or professional institution. I declare that no material contained in this thesis has been used for any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Signature of Candidate ________________________________________________ Type of Award: Doctor of Philosophy School: Education and Social Sciences ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the evolution of identity and community within north east Lancashire during a period when the area gained regional and national prominence through its involvement in the cotton industry. It examines how the overarching shared culture of the area could evolve under altering economic conditions, and how expressions of identity fluctuated through the cotton industry’s peak and decline. In effect, it explores how local populations could shape and be shaped by the cotton industry. By focusing on a compact area with diverse settlements, this thesis contributes to the wider understanding of what it was to live in an area dominated by a single industry. The complex legacy that the cotton industry’s decline has had is explored through a range of settlement types, from large town to small village.
  • Ttusher007@Yahoo.Com

    [email protected]

    [email protected] http://ttusher.orgfree.com Textile manufacturing terminology The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of human technologies. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fibre from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. (Both fibre and fiber are used in this article.) The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of colouring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. For more information of the various steps, see textile manufacturing. A__________________________________________________________________ Absorbency A measure of how much water a fabric can absorb. Acetate Acetate is a synthetic fiber. Acrylic Acrylic fiber is a synthetic polymer fiber that contains at least 85% acrylonitrile. Aida cloth Aida cloth is a coarse open-weave fabric traditionally used for cross-stitch. Alnage Alnage is the official supervision of the shape and quality of manufactured woolen cloth. Alpaca Alpaca is a name given to two distinct things. It is primarily a term applied to the wool of the Peruvian alpaca. It is, however, more broadly applied to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca fiber but now frequently made from a similar type of fiber. Angora Angora refers to the hair of either the Angora goat or the Angora rabbit, or the fabric made from Angora rabbit; see Angora wool. (Fabric made from angora goat is mohair.) Angora wool Angora wool is a generic term for either Mohair if the hair is from an Angora goat or Angora fabric if the hair is from an Angora rabbit.
  • Electronic Report

    Electronic Report

    Electronic Report 52 Bank Parade Burnley BB11 1TS Phone 01282 414649 / 458410 Our Ref: Talbot St/BB10 2HW/2017 Date: 19 July 2017 Steven Hartley Hartley Planning and Development Associates Swallow Barn Lower Chapel Hill Hurst Lane Rawtenstall BB4 8TB WALSHAW MILL, TALBOT STREET, BRIERCLIFFE, BURNLEY. BB10 2HW PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT (DESK STUDY) INTRODUCTION A residential development is proposed. The objective is to carry out a desk study, supplemented with a walk over survey, to form a Preliminary Risk Assessment to consider contamination, landfill gas and geotechnical issues. SITE DESCRIPTION The site is an almost rectangular plot, about 137 by 126 metres, located to the southwest of Talbot Street in Briercliffe and at OS Grid Reference 386492, 434915. A limited inspection on 4/7/17 by Mr S Gimeno (Geotechnician) showed the site to comprise a former cotton mill, now used for pharmaceutical manufacture, with yards to the east and south and a grass field to the west. The main building was a north light weaving shed and joined to the south was stone built with extensions and alterations. To the west was a portacabin style hard roof office probably built of timber. Just north was a fenced compound for aircon condenser units. In the southeast corner was a stone built electrical substation. In the northeast corner was a gas regulator box/building. An oil drum with hand pump was seen in the southeast corner. This is a residential area with houses on all sides, including gardens to the north, southeast and southwest. The area slopes down to the southwest at about 1 in 25.
  • Simply Schools 2020–21

    Simply Schools 2020–21

    2020 Learning with Museums & –2021 Galleries across Lancashire www.simplyschools.org.uk Welcome to Welcome to the Simply Schools 2020–21 brochure, we are confident that you will find ideas and inspiration from our Heritage Learning site activities, CPD, loans boxes and outreach, and from those activities delivered by our wider museum partners. Heritage Learning is back for 2020/2021 It gives me the greatest pleasure to with new sessions, projects and announce that the Heritage Learning programmes. Last year the Heritage Team will be delivering the learning Learning Team delivered site sessions, programmes on behalf of the Harris outreach and loans boxes that engaged Museum, Art Gallery and Library in with over 35,000 school children Preston from September 2020. across Lancashire. We have once again David Brookhouse worked with schools on some amazing As part of the national DfE funded Heritage Learning Manager projects including ‘Lancashire Sparks’ Museums and Schools Programme, we an exploration of Lancashire’s intangible are always keen to work with teachers 01772 535075 heritage through clog dancing, music and schools to develop our learning and literacy. The TIME project continues offer. Our themes for this year are STEM, to work successfully with schools Literacy and teacher development. embedding the creative arts into the curriculum. Please contact us if you The funding for Heritage Learning comes would like more information about our from a de-delegated budget which range of new school projects. schools vote to continue each year. This funding allows the team to deliver Once again our teacher CPD, twilight award winning, high quality cultural and INSET programmes have grown from learning across Lancashire.
  • Dark Age Tablet Weaving

    Dark Age Tablet Weaving

    Dark Age Tablet Weaving for Viking and Anglo-Saxon re-enactors 1 Introduction Tablet weaving, also known as card weaving, is a method of using square tablets with holes in the corners to weave narrow decorative bands made of wool, linen or silk threads. Tablet weaving was widespread in Europe and Britain in the first millenium AD and is an excellent craft for historical re-enactors as it is portable, interesting, little known nowadays and you can make beautiful bands to decorate your outfit. However, creating replicas of Dark Age bands is challenging. Many of the surviving historic bands are difficult to weave, and so most re-enactors either buy in tablet-weaving or weave simplified bands, and may use patterns and techniques that aren't appropriate to the Dark Ages. The aim of this document is to describe the characteristic styles and methods of Dark Age tablet- weaving. There is also information about materials, equipment and tablet-weaving techniques. Perhaps the most striking theme of the historic bands is inventiveness, and the advantage of the historic techniques is that they allow the weaver to create a far wider range of patterns than the modern methods, which were mostly developed in the 19th and 20th centuries as tablet-weaving was 'rediscovered' in Europe1. This document isn't exhaustive, and I recommend that the interested reader explore further patterns and techniques. There are many good patterns available online. Just remember, as I once read on the internet, the first instruction in tablet weaving is “remove the cat”. Please contact me with any comments or corrections.
  • Basic of Textiles

    Basic of Textiles

    BASIC OF TEXTILES BFA(F) 202 CC 5 Directorate of Distance Education SWAMI VIVEKANAND SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY MEERUT 250005 UTTAR PRADESH SIM MOUDLE DEVELOPED BY: Reviewed by the study Material Assessment Committed Comprising: 1. Dr. N.K.Ahuja, Vice Chancellor Copyright © Publishers Grid No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduce or transmitted or utilized or store in any form or by any means now know or here in after invented, electronic, digital or mechanical. Including, photocopying, scanning, recording or by any informa- tion storage or retrieval system, without prior permission from the publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by Publishers Grid and Publishers. and has been obtained by its author from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the publisher and author shall in no event be liable for any errors, omission or damages arising out of this information and specially disclaim and implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Published by: Publishers Grid 4857/24, Ansari Road, Darya ganj, New Delhi-110002. Tel: 9899459633, 7982859204 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Printed by: A3 Digital Press Edition : 2021 CONTENTS 1. Fiber Study 5-64 2. Fiber and its Classification 65-175 3. Yarn and its Types 176-213 4. Fabric Manufacturing Techniques 214-260 5. Knitted 261-302 UNIT Fiber Study 1 NOTES FIBER STUDY STRUCTURE 1.1 Learning Objective 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Monomer, Polymer, Degree of polymerization 1.4 Student Activity 1.5 Properties of Fiber: Primary & Secondary 1.6 Summary 1.7 Glossary 1.8 Review Questions 1.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE After studying this unit you should be able to: ● Describe the Natural Fiber.
  • 'Celtic' Clothing

    'Celtic' Clothing

    ‘Celtic’ Clothing (with Greek and Roman Influence) from the Iron Age-a Realistic View Based on What We Know What, When, Where and Why? Documentation and reproduction of period „Celtic‟ clothing for reenactment purposes is a subject which not only should be approached with caution, but also a difficult and sometimes seemingly impossible task if one aims for historically correct imitation. Based on limited textile finds through out the Celtic empire and coupled with historical commentary and art representations we can generate an educated generalized guess on what the Celtic people may have worn, but then this is only a guess. This representation is further clouded by regional differences both in necessity of certain dress and textile fiber availability. What we do know however is that the Celtic peoples as a whole delighted in color and costume documented not only by textile finds, but other costume finds and backed by historical commentary. In order to begin such a feat we first must understand who were the „Celts‟. The term „Celt‟ is derived from the Greek word „Keltoi‟ and is a general broad term applied to most of the European barbarians from the Middle Danube to the Atlantic. (Cunliffe 9) Julius Caesar, writing from the First Century BC states concerning the Gauls of France, „we call (them) Gauls though in their own language they are called Celts‟. While the terms Keltoi/Celtae and Gali/Galatae were used interchangeably by early writers the term „Celt‟ became the prominent label for these people during the Victorian period, a name which today not only is misleading but brings on romantic notions most of which are not even „Celtic‟ by any historical sense.
  • On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC) Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto

    On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC) Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto

    On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC) Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto To cite this version: Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto. On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC). Alexis Gorgues; Katharina Rebay-Salisbury; Roderick B. Salisbury. Ma- terial Chains in Late Prehistoric Europe and the Mediterranean - Time, Space and Technologies of Production, 48, Ausonius Éditions, pp.157-169, 2017, Mémoires, 978-2-35613-194-2. hal-01711117 HAL Id: hal-01711117 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01711117 Submitted on 25 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MATERIAL CHAINS IN LATE PREHISTORIC EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN - ausonius éditions - — Mémoires 48 — MATERIAL CHAINS IN LATE PREHISTORIC EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN Time, Space and Technologies of Production Edited by Alexis Gorgues, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Roderick B. Salisbury Published with the support of the Région Nouvelle Aquitaine — Bordeaux 2017 — Notice catalographique Gorgues,
  • Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (Rodtep)Scheme

    Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (Rodtep)Scheme

    Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme CA. Bhavesh T. Sorathiya B. T. SORATHIYA & CO. Chartered Accountants Address: Office No. 220, Heera Panna Complex, Dr. Yagnik Road, Rajkot Cont.: +91-281-2462838 www.cabtsc.com :INDEX: ❖ SILENT FEATURES OF THE SCHEME ❖ WHO IS NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE SCHEME ❖ NATURE OF REBATE ❖ OTHER POINTS TO KEPT IN MIND ❖ NOTIFICATION NO.19/2015-2020 DT.17.08.2021 ❖ APPENDIX 4R (RATES OF RoDTEP) As shared with you earlier in our previous update on RODTEP, now Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and Ministry of Finance (MoF) has issued final Notification stating rates and other provisions, guidelines on RoDTEP, same is discussed hereunder. With reference press note dated 31.12.2020 issued by CBIC on the new RoDTEP scheme being operationalized from 01.01.2021. Necessary changes in the System have also been made to accept and process RoDTEP claims. SILENT FEATURES OF THE SCHEME: ❖ The Scheme will take effect for Exports from 1st January 2021. However, effective date for export obligation under advance authorisation, export by 100% Export Oriented Units (EOU), export by Special Economic Zone (SEZ), export by Free Trade Zone will be decided later. ❖ The rebate would be claimed as a percentage of the Freight on Board (FOB) value of exports with value cap per unit of the exported product. ❖ The Scheme will be implemented with end-to-end digitization. ❖ RoDTEP rates will be reviewed annually and will be notified well in advance before the beginning of the Financial year. ❖ The Scheme will operate in Budgetary framework of each financial year and necessary calibrations and revisions will be made as and when required so that the projected remissions for each financial are managed within the approved budget of the Scheme.
  • The Textile Mills of Lancashire the Legacy

    The Textile Mills of Lancashire the Legacy

    ISBN 978-1 -907686-24-5 Edi ted By: Rachel Newman Design, Layout, and Formatting: Frtml Cover: Adam Parsons (Top) Tile wcnving shed of Queen Street Mill 0 11 tile day of Published by: its clo~urc, 22 September 2016 Oxford Ar.:haeology North, (© Anthony Pilli11g) Mill 3, Moor Lane Mills, MoorLnJ1e, (Bottom) Tile iconic, Grade Lancaster, /-listed, Queen Street Mill, LAllQD Jlnrlc S.lfke, lire last sun,ini11g example ~fan in fad steam­ Printed by: powered weaving mill with its Bell & Bain Ltd original loom s in the world 303, Burn field Road, (© Historic England) Thornlieba n k, Glasgow Back Cover: G46 7UQ Tlrt' Beer 1-ln/1 at Hoi till'S Mill, Cfitlwroe ~ Oxford Archaeolog)' Ltd The Textile Mills of Lancashire The Legacy Andy Phelps Richard Gregory Ian Miller Chris Wild Acknowledgements This booklet arises from the historical research and detailed surveys of individual mill complexes carried out by OA North during the Lancashire Textile Mills Survey in 2008-15, a strategic project commissioned and funded by English Heritage (now Historic England). The survey elicited the support of many people, especial thanks being expressed to members of the Project Steering Group, particularly Ian Heywood, for representing the Lancashire Conservation Officers, Ian Gibson (textile engineering historian), Anthony Pilling (textile engineering and architectural historian), Roger Holden (textile mill historian), and Ken Robinson (Historic England). Alison Plummer and Ken Moth are also acknowledged for invaluable contributions to Steering Group discussions. Particular thanks are offered to Darren Ratcliffe (Historic England), who fulfilled the role of Project Assurance Officer and provided considerable advice and guidance throughout the course of the project.
  • Weaving Books and Monographs

    Weaving Books and Monographs

    Tuesday, September 10, 2002 Page: 1 ---. 10 Mujeres y Textil en 3d/10 Women and Textile Into 3. [Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Galeria Aristos, 1975], 1975. ---. 10 Mujeres y Textil en 3d/10 Women and Textile Into 3. [Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Galeria Aristos, 1975], 1975. ---. 100 Jahre J. Hecking; Buntspinnerei und Weberei. Wiesbaden, Verlag f?r Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels, 1958. ---. 100 Years of Native American Arts: Six Washington Cultures. [Tacoma, Washington: Tacoma Art Museum, 1988], 1988. ---. 1000 [i.e. Mil] Años de Tejido en la Argentina: [Exposici?n] 24 de Mayo Al 18 Junio de 1978. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Cultura y Educaci?n, Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología, 1978. ---. 1000 Years of Art in Poland. [London, Great Britain: Royal Academy of Arts, 1970], 1970. ---. 101 Ways to Weave Better Cloth: Selected Articles of Proven Interest to Weavers Chosen from the Pages of Textile Industries. Atlanta, GA.: Textile Indistries, 1960. ---. 125 Jahre Mech. Baumwoll-Spinnerei und Weberei, Augsburg. [Augsburg, 1962. ---. 1977 HGA Education Directory. West Hartford, CT: Handweavers Guild of America, 1978. ---. 1982 Census of Manufactures. Preliminary Report Industry Series. Weaving Mills. [Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of, 1984. ---. 1987 Census of Manufactures. Industry Series. Weaving and Floor Covering Mills, Industries 2211, 2221, 2231, 2241, and 2273. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of, 1990. ---. 1987 Census of Manufactures. Preliminary Report. Industry Series. Weaving and Floor Covering Mills: Industries 2211, 2221, 2241, and 2273. [Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of, 1994. ---. 1992 Census of Manufactures.