Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (Rodtep)Scheme

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (Rodtep)Scheme Remission of Duties & Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme CA. Bhavesh T. Sorathiya B. T. SORATHIYA & CO. Chartered Accountants Address: Office No. 220, Heera Panna Complex, Dr. Yagnik Road, Rajkot Cont.: +91-281-2462838 www.cabtsc.com :INDEX: ❖ SILENT FEATURES OF THE SCHEME ❖ WHO IS NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE SCHEME ❖ NATURE OF REBATE ❖ OTHER POINTS TO KEPT IN MIND ❖ NOTIFICATION NO.19/2015-2020 DT.17.08.2021 ❖ APPENDIX 4R (RATES OF RoDTEP) As shared with you earlier in our previous update on RODTEP, now Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and Ministry of Finance (MoF) has issued final Notification stating rates and other provisions, guidelines on RoDTEP, same is discussed hereunder. With reference press note dated 31.12.2020 issued by CBIC on the new RoDTEP scheme being operationalized from 01.01.2021. Necessary changes in the System have also been made to accept and process RoDTEP claims. SILENT FEATURES OF THE SCHEME: ❖ The Scheme will take effect for Exports from 1st January 2021. However, effective date for export obligation under advance authorisation, export by 100% Export Oriented Units (EOU), export by Special Economic Zone (SEZ), export by Free Trade Zone will be decided later. ❖ The rebate would be claimed as a percentage of the Freight on Board (FOB) value of exports with value cap per unit of the exported product. ❖ The Scheme will be implemented with end-to-end digitization. ❖ RoDTEP rates will be reviewed annually and will be notified well in advance before the beginning of the Financial year. ❖ The Scheme will operate in Budgetary framework of each financial year and necessary calibrations and revisions will be made as and when required so that the projected remissions for each financial are managed within the approved budget of the Scheme. ❖ The sequence of introduction of the scheme across sectors, prioritization of sectors to be covered will be decided and notified by the Department of Commerce (DoC) in consultation with Department of Revenue. ❖ The rebate allowed is subject to the receipt of sales proceeds within time allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 (FEMA). General time allowed to receive sales proceeds is 9 (Nine) months from date of export. Rebate would not be dependent on the realization of export proceeds at the time of issue of Rebate. However, adequate safeguards to avoid any misuse on account of non-realization of export proceeds and other systemic improvements as in operation under Drawback Scheme, IGST and other GST Refunds relating to exports would also be applicable for claims made under the RoDTEP Scheme. Necessary provisions for recovery of rebate amount where foreign exchange is not realized within specified period, suspension of/withholding of RoDTEP in case of frauds and misuse, as well as imposition of penalty will also be built suitably by CBIC. ❖ MECHANISM OF ISSUE OF REBATE: The Scheme would be implemented through end to end digitalization of issuance of rebate amount in form of a transferable duty credit/electronic scrip (e-scrip), which will be maintained in an electronic ledger by Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC). Necessary rules and procedures regarding grant of RoDTEP claim under the Scheme and implementation issues including manner of application, time period for application and other matters including export realization, export documentation, sampling procedures, record keeping etc would be notified by the CBIC, Department of Revenue on an IT enabled platform with view to end to end digitalization. WHO IS NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE SCHEME? The following categories of exports / exporters are not eligible for rebate under RoDTEP Scheme: ➢ Export of imported goods. ➢ Export through trans-shipment meaning thereby exports that are originating in third country but trans-shipped through India. ➢ Export products which are subject to minimum export price of export duty. ➢ Products which are restricted for export under schedule 2 of Export Policy in ITC (HS). ➢ Products which are prohibited for export under schedule 2 of Export Policy in ITC (HS). ➢ Deemed Exports. ➢ Supplies of products manufactured by DTA (Domestic Tariff Area) units to SEZ/FTWZ units. ➢ Products manufactured in Electronic Hardware Technology Park (EHTP) and Bio Technology Park (BTP). ➢ Products manufactured partly or wholly in warehouse under section 56 of the Customs Act 1962 (52 of 1962). ➢ Products manufactured or exported in discharge of export obligation against an Advance Authorisation or Duty Free Import Authorisation of Special Advance Authorisation issued under duty exemption scheme of relevant Foreign Trade Policy. ➢ Products manufactured or exported by unit licensed as 100% Export Oriented Units (EOU) in terms of provision of the Foreign Trade Policy. ➢ Products manufactured or exported by any of the units situated in Free Trade Zones (FTZ) or Export Processing Zones (EPZ) of Special Economic Zones (SEZ). ➢ Products manufactured or exported availing the benefit of the Notification No. 32/1997-Customs dated 1st April 1997. NATURE OF REBATE: The e-scrips would be used only for payment of Customs leviable under the First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 viz. Basic Customs Duty. OTHER POINTS TO KEPT IN MIND: The Exporter would be required to keep records substantiating claims made under this Scheme. Sample cases for physical verification will be drawn objectively by Risk Management System (RMS) based on risk and other relevant parameters. NOTIFICATION NO.19/2015-2020 DT.17.08.2021 APPENDIX 4 R (RATE OF RoDTEP) APPENDIX 4 R - Notified on 17.08.2021 under Notification No 19/2015-20 APPENDIX 4R : Scheme for Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) RODTEP Tariff Item Description of Goods (As per CTH ) RODTEP UQC Cap (Rs. Entry No. Rate as % Per UQC) age of FOB (#) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 0301 LIVE FISH Ornamental Fish 1 03011100 Freshwater 0.5% Kg 2 03011900 Other 0.5% Kg Other Live Fish 3 03019100 Trout (Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 0.5% Kg Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus aguabonita, Oncorhynchus gilae, Oncorhynchus apache and Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) 4 03019200 Eels (Anguilla spp.) 0.5% Kg 5 03019300 Carp (Cyprinus spp., Carassius spp., Ctenopharyngodon 0.5% Kg idellus,Hypophthalmichthys spp., Cirrhinus spp., Mylopharyngodon piceus, Catla catla, Labeo spp., Osteochilus hasselti, Leptobarbus hoeveni, Megalobrama spp. 6 03019400 Atlantic and PacficBluefin tunas (Thunnus thynnus) 2.5% Kg 16 7 03019500 Southern bluefin tunas (Thunnus maccoyii) 2.5% Kg 16 8 03019900 Other 0.5% Kg 0302 FISH, FRESH OR CHILLED, EXCLUDING FISH FILLETS AND OTHER FISH MEAT OF HEADING 0304 Salmonidae, excluding edible fish offal of sub-headings 0302 91 to 0302 99 9 03021100 Trout (Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 0.5% Kg Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus aguabonita, Oncorhynchus gilae, Oncorhynchus apache and Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) 10 03021300 Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, Oncorhynchus 0.5% Kg gorbuscha,Oncorhynchus keta, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus rhodurus) 11 03021400 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Danube salmon (Hucho 2.5% Kg 16 hucho) 12 03021900 Other 2.5% Kg 16 Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae) excluding edible fish offal of sub-headings 030291 to 030199: 13 03022100 Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Hippoglossus 2.5% Kg 16 hippoglossus, Hippoglossus stenolepis) 1 APPENDIX 4 R - Notified on 17.08.2021 under Notification No 19/2015-20 RODTEP Tariff Item Description of Goods (As per CTH ) RODTEP UQC Cap (Rs. Entry No. Rate as % Per UQC) age of FOB (#) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 14 03022200 Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) 2.5% Kg 16 15 03022300 Sole (Solea spp.) 2.5% Kg 16 16 03022400 Turbots (Psetta maxima) 2.5% Kg 16 17 03022900 Other 0.5% Kg Tunas (of the genus Thunnus), skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito (Euthynnus (Katsowonus) pelamis) excluding edible fish offal of sub-headings 0302 91 to 0301 99: 18 03023100 Albacore or longfinned tunas (Thunnus alalunga) 2.5% Kg 16 19 03023200 Yellowfin tunas (Thunnus albacares) 2.5% Kg 16 20 03023300 Skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito 2.5% Kg 16 21 03023400 Bigeye tunas (Thunnus obesus) 2.5% Kg 16 22 03023500 Atlantic and Pacific Bluefin tunas (Thunnus thynnus, 2.5% Kg 16 Thunnus orientalis) 23 03023600 Southern bluefin tunas (Thunnus maccoyii) 2.5% Kg 16 24 03023900 Other 2.5% Kg 16 Herrings (Clupea harengus, Clupea pallasii), anchovies (Engraulis spp.), sardines (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinops spp.), sardinella (Sardinella spp.), brisling or sprats (Sprattus sprattus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber australasicus, Scomber japonicus) Indian mackerels (Rastrelliger spp.) seerfishes (Scomberomorus spp.) jack and horse mackerel (Trachurus spp.) jacks, creavalles (caranx spp.) cobia (Rachycentron canadum), silver promfrets (Pampus spp.), Pacific saury (Coloabis saira), scads (Decapterus spp.) cpelin (Mallotus villosus), Sword fish (Xiphias gladius), Kawkawa (Euthynnus affinis), bonitos (Sarda spp.), marlins, sailfishes, spearfish (Istiophoridae), excluding edible fish offal of sub headings 0302 91 to 0302 99: 25 03024100 Herrings (Clupea harengus, Clupea pallasii) 2.5% Kg 16 26 03024200 Anchovies (Engraulis spp.) 2.5% Kg 16 27 03024300 Sardines, (Sardina pilchardus, sardinops spp.) sardinella 2.5% Kg 16 (Sardinella spp.) brisling or sprats (Sprattus sprattus) 28 03024400 Mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber australasicus, 2.5% Kg 16 Scomber japonicus) 29 03024500 Jack and horse mackerel
Recommended publications
  • Making Basic Period Pigments at Home
    Making Basic Period Pigments at Home KWHSS – July 2019 Barony of Coeur d’Ennui Kingdom of Calontir Mistress Aidan Cocrinn, O.L., Barony of Forgotten Sea, Kingdom of Calontir Mka Holly Cochran [email protected] Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Safety Rules: .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Basic References ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Other important references:..................................................................................................................... 6 Blacks ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Lamp black ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Vine black .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Bone Black ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Whites ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dyes, Pigments and Other Colouring Matter; Paints and Varnishes; Putty and Other Mastics; Inks
    ITC (HS), 2012 SCHEDULE 1 – IMPORT POLICY Section VI Chapter-32 CHAPTER 32 TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS NOTES: 1. This Chapter does not cover: (a) Separate chemically defined elements or compounds [except those of heading 3203 or 3204, inorganic products of a kind used as lumino-phores (heading 3206), glass obtained from fused quartz or other fused silica in the forms provided for in heading 3207, and also dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale, of heading 3212]; (b) Tannates or other tannin derivatives of products of headings 2936 to 2939, 2941 or 3501 to 3504; or (c) Mastics of asphalt or other bituminous mastics (heading 2715). 2. Heading 3204 includes mixtures of stabilised diazonium salts and couplers for the production of azo dyes. 3. Headings 3203, 3204, 3205 and 3206 apply also to preparations based on colouring matter (including, in the case of heading 3206, colouring pigments of heading 2530 or Chapter 28, metal flakes and metal powders), of a kind used for colouring any material or used as ingredients in the manufacture of colouring preparations. The headings do not apply, however, to pigments dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, including enamels (heading 3212), or to other preparations of heading 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215. 4. Heading 3208 includes solutions (other than collodions) consisting of any of the products specified in headings 3901 to 3913 in volatile organic solvents when the weight of the solvent exceeds 50 per cent of the weight of the solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Library Author List 12:2020
    SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Abel, Isabel Multiple Harness Patterns Weaving Instruction Adelson, Laurie Weaving Tradition of Highland Bolivia Ethnic Textiles Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes and Home Dyeing Dyeing Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes in the United States Dyeing Ahnlund, Gunnila Vava Bilder (Swedish Tapestry) Ethnic Textiles Albers, Anni On Designing Design Albers, Anni On Weaving General Weaving Albers, Josef Interaction of Color Design Alderman, Sharon D. Handwoven, Tailormade Clothing Alderman, Sharon D. Handweaver's Notebook General Weaving Alderman, Sharon D. Mastering Weave Structures Weaving Patterns Alexander, Marthann Weaving Handcraft General Weaving Allard, Mary Rug Making Techniques and Design Rug Weaving Allen, Helen Louise American & European Hand Weaving General Weaving American Craft Museum Diane Itter: A retrospective Catalog American Tapestry American Tapestry Biennial I Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry American Tapestry Today Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry Panorama of Tapestry, Catalog Tapestry Alliance American-Scandinavian The Scandinavian Touch Ethnic Textiles Foundation Amos, Alden 101 Questions for Spinners Spinning 1 SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Amsden, Charles A. Navaho Weaving Navajo Weaving Anderson, Clarita Weave Structures Used In North Am. Coverlets Weave Structures Anderson, Marilyn Guatemalan Textiles Today Ethnic Textiles Anderson, Sarah The Spinner’s Book of Yarn Designs
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’S Cotton Frontier C.1890-1950
    Cotton and the Community: Exploring Changing Concepts of Identity and Community on Lancashire’s Cotton Frontier c.1890-1950 By Jack Southern A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of a PhD, at the University of Central Lancashire April 2016 1 i University of Central Lancashire STUDENT DECLARATION FORM I declare that whilst being registered as a candidate of the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another aware of the University or other academic or professional institution. I declare that no material contained in this thesis has been used for any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Signature of Candidate ________________________________________________ Type of Award: Doctor of Philosophy School: Education and Social Sciences ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the evolution of identity and community within north east Lancashire during a period when the area gained regional and national prominence through its involvement in the cotton industry. It examines how the overarching shared culture of the area could evolve under altering economic conditions, and how expressions of identity fluctuated through the cotton industry’s peak and decline. In effect, it explores how local populations could shape and be shaped by the cotton industry. By focusing on a compact area with diverse settlements, this thesis contributes to the wider understanding of what it was to live in an area dominated by a single industry. The complex legacy that the cotton industry’s decline has had is explored through a range of settlement types, from large town to small village.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,602,594 B2 Miyata Et Al
    USOO66O2594B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,602,594 B2 Miyata et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 5, 2003 (54) IRREVERSIBLE HEAT-SENSITIVE 4,756,758. A 7/1988 Lent et al. .................... 106/22 COMPOSITION 4,797.243 A * 1/1989 Wolbrom .................... 264/126 4,931,420 A 6/1990 Asano et al. ............... 503/205 (75) Inventors: Sachie Miyata, Kawagoe (JP); Hiromichi Mizusawa, Hannou (JP); FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Daisuke Harumoto, Sakado (JP) WO WO 98/02314 * 1/1998 (73) Assignee: Nichiyu Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. (JP) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * cited by examiner patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 122 days. Primary Examiner B. Hamilton Hess (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Parkhurst & Wendel, L.L.P. (21) Appl. No.: 09/839,265 (57) ABSTRACT (22) Filed: Apr. 23, 2001 (65) Prior Publication Data An irreversible heat-Sensitive composition comprises a mix ture of a granular or powdery heat-fusible Substance having US 2001/0044014 A1 Nov. 22, 2001 a melting point corresponding to a temperature to be (30) Foreign Application Priority Data recorded and a granular or powdery dyestuff diffusible into Apr. 25, 2000 (JP) ....................................... 2000-124431 the fused heat-fusible Substance through dispersion or dis Jan. 29, 2001 (JP) ...... ... 2001-020557 Solution. A heat-Sensitive ink comprises the irreversible Jan. 29, 2001 (JP) ....................................... 2001-020558 heat-Sensitive composition and an ink vehicle capable of (51) Int. Cl." ............................ B41M 5/30; B41M 5/36 diffusing the fused heat-fusible substance therein. A heat (52) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected]
    [email protected] http://ttusher.orgfree.com Textile manufacturing terminology The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of human technologies. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fibre from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. (Both fibre and fiber are used in this article.) The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of colouring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. For more information of the various steps, see textile manufacturing. A__________________________________________________________________ Absorbency A measure of how much water a fabric can absorb. Acetate Acetate is a synthetic fiber. Acrylic Acrylic fiber is a synthetic polymer fiber that contains at least 85% acrylonitrile. Aida cloth Aida cloth is a coarse open-weave fabric traditionally used for cross-stitch. Alnage Alnage is the official supervision of the shape and quality of manufactured woolen cloth. Alpaca Alpaca is a name given to two distinct things. It is primarily a term applied to the wool of the Peruvian alpaca. It is, however, more broadly applied to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca fiber but now frequently made from a similar type of fiber. Angora Angora refers to the hair of either the Angora goat or the Angora rabbit, or the fabric made from Angora rabbit; see Angora wool. (Fabric made from angora goat is mohair.) Angora wool Angora wool is a generic term for either Mohair if the hair is from an Angora goat or Angora fabric if the hair is from an Angora rabbit.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Report
    Electronic Report 52 Bank Parade Burnley BB11 1TS Phone 01282 414649 / 458410 Our Ref: Talbot St/BB10 2HW/2017 Date: 19 July 2017 Steven Hartley Hartley Planning and Development Associates Swallow Barn Lower Chapel Hill Hurst Lane Rawtenstall BB4 8TB WALSHAW MILL, TALBOT STREET, BRIERCLIFFE, BURNLEY. BB10 2HW PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT (DESK STUDY) INTRODUCTION A residential development is proposed. The objective is to carry out a desk study, supplemented with a walk over survey, to form a Preliminary Risk Assessment to consider contamination, landfill gas and geotechnical issues. SITE DESCRIPTION The site is an almost rectangular plot, about 137 by 126 metres, located to the southwest of Talbot Street in Briercliffe and at OS Grid Reference 386492, 434915. A limited inspection on 4/7/17 by Mr S Gimeno (Geotechnician) showed the site to comprise a former cotton mill, now used for pharmaceutical manufacture, with yards to the east and south and a grass field to the west. The main building was a north light weaving shed and joined to the south was stone built with extensions and alterations. To the west was a portacabin style hard roof office probably built of timber. Just north was a fenced compound for aircon condenser units. In the southeast corner was a stone built electrical substation. In the northeast corner was a gas regulator box/building. An oil drum with hand pump was seen in the southeast corner. This is a residential area with houses on all sides, including gardens to the north, southeast and southwest. The area slopes down to the southwest at about 1 in 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Simply Schools 2020–21
    2020 Learning with Museums & –2021 Galleries across Lancashire www.simplyschools.org.uk Welcome to Welcome to the Simply Schools 2020–21 brochure, we are confident that you will find ideas and inspiration from our Heritage Learning site activities, CPD, loans boxes and outreach, and from those activities delivered by our wider museum partners. Heritage Learning is back for 2020/2021 It gives me the greatest pleasure to with new sessions, projects and announce that the Heritage Learning programmes. Last year the Heritage Team will be delivering the learning Learning Team delivered site sessions, programmes on behalf of the Harris outreach and loans boxes that engaged Museum, Art Gallery and Library in with over 35,000 school children Preston from September 2020. across Lancashire. We have once again David Brookhouse worked with schools on some amazing As part of the national DfE funded Heritage Learning Manager projects including ‘Lancashire Sparks’ Museums and Schools Programme, we an exploration of Lancashire’s intangible are always keen to work with teachers 01772 535075 heritage through clog dancing, music and schools to develop our learning and literacy. The TIME project continues offer. Our themes for this year are STEM, to work successfully with schools Literacy and teacher development. embedding the creative arts into the curriculum. Please contact us if you The funding for Heritage Learning comes would like more information about our from a de-delegated budget which range of new school projects. schools vote to continue each year. This funding allows the team to deliver Once again our teacher CPD, twilight award winning, high quality cultural and INSET programmes have grown from learning across Lancashire.
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Age Tablet Weaving
    Dark Age Tablet Weaving for Viking and Anglo-Saxon re-enactors 1 Introduction Tablet weaving, also known as card weaving, is a method of using square tablets with holes in the corners to weave narrow decorative bands made of wool, linen or silk threads. Tablet weaving was widespread in Europe and Britain in the first millenium AD and is an excellent craft for historical re-enactors as it is portable, interesting, little known nowadays and you can make beautiful bands to decorate your outfit. However, creating replicas of Dark Age bands is challenging. Many of the surviving historic bands are difficult to weave, and so most re-enactors either buy in tablet-weaving or weave simplified bands, and may use patterns and techniques that aren't appropriate to the Dark Ages. The aim of this document is to describe the characteristic styles and methods of Dark Age tablet- weaving. There is also information about materials, equipment and tablet-weaving techniques. Perhaps the most striking theme of the historic bands is inventiveness, and the advantage of the historic techniques is that they allow the weaver to create a far wider range of patterns than the modern methods, which were mostly developed in the 19th and 20th centuries as tablet-weaving was 'rediscovered' in Europe1. This document isn't exhaustive, and I recommend that the interested reader explore further patterns and techniques. There are many good patterns available online. Just remember, as I once read on the internet, the first instruction in tablet weaving is “remove the cat”. Please contact me with any comments or corrections.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic of Textiles
    BASIC OF TEXTILES BFA(F) 202 CC 5 Directorate of Distance Education SWAMI VIVEKANAND SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY MEERUT 250005 UTTAR PRADESH SIM MOUDLE DEVELOPED BY: Reviewed by the study Material Assessment Committed Comprising: 1. Dr. N.K.Ahuja, Vice Chancellor Copyright © Publishers Grid No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduce or transmitted or utilized or store in any form or by any means now know or here in after invented, electronic, digital or mechanical. Including, photocopying, scanning, recording or by any informa- tion storage or retrieval system, without prior permission from the publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by Publishers Grid and Publishers. and has been obtained by its author from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the publisher and author shall in no event be liable for any errors, omission or damages arising out of this information and specially disclaim and implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Published by: Publishers Grid 4857/24, Ansari Road, Darya ganj, New Delhi-110002. Tel: 9899459633, 7982859204 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Printed by: A3 Digital Press Edition : 2021 CONTENTS 1. Fiber Study 5-64 2. Fiber and its Classification 65-175 3. Yarn and its Types 176-213 4. Fabric Manufacturing Techniques 214-260 5. Knitted 261-302 UNIT Fiber Study 1 NOTES FIBER STUDY STRUCTURE 1.1 Learning Objective 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Monomer, Polymer, Degree of polymerization 1.4 Student Activity 1.5 Properties of Fiber: Primary & Secondary 1.6 Summary 1.7 Glossary 1.8 Review Questions 1.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE After studying this unit you should be able to: ● Describe the Natural Fiber.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Celtic' Clothing
    ‘Celtic’ Clothing (with Greek and Roman Influence) from the Iron Age-a Realistic View Based on What We Know What, When, Where and Why? Documentation and reproduction of period „Celtic‟ clothing for reenactment purposes is a subject which not only should be approached with caution, but also a difficult and sometimes seemingly impossible task if one aims for historically correct imitation. Based on limited textile finds through out the Celtic empire and coupled with historical commentary and art representations we can generate an educated generalized guess on what the Celtic people may have worn, but then this is only a guess. This representation is further clouded by regional differences both in necessity of certain dress and textile fiber availability. What we do know however is that the Celtic peoples as a whole delighted in color and costume documented not only by textile finds, but other costume finds and backed by historical commentary. In order to begin such a feat we first must understand who were the „Celts‟. The term „Celt‟ is derived from the Greek word „Keltoi‟ and is a general broad term applied to most of the European barbarians from the Middle Danube to the Atlantic. (Cunliffe 9) Julius Caesar, writing from the First Century BC states concerning the Gauls of France, „we call (them) Gauls though in their own language they are called Celts‟. While the terms Keltoi/Celtae and Gali/Galatae were used interchangeably by early writers the term „Celt‟ became the prominent label for these people during the Victorian period, a name which today not only is misleading but brings on romantic notions most of which are not even „Celtic‟ by any historical sense.
    [Show full text]
  • On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC) Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto
    On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC) Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto To cite this version: Nicolas Frerebeau, Charlotte Sacilotto. On Some Iberian Unfired Pottery Sherds from the Late Iron Age (Second Century BC). Alexis Gorgues; Katharina Rebay-Salisbury; Roderick B. Salisbury. Ma- terial Chains in Late Prehistoric Europe and the Mediterranean - Time, Space and Technologies of Production, 48, Ausonius Éditions, pp.157-169, 2017, Mémoires, 978-2-35613-194-2. hal-01711117 HAL Id: hal-01711117 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01711117 Submitted on 25 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MATERIAL CHAINS IN LATE PREHISTORIC EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN - ausonius éditions - — Mémoires 48 — MATERIAL CHAINS IN LATE PREHISTORIC EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN Time, Space and Technologies of Production Edited by Alexis Gorgues, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Roderick B. Salisbury Published with the support of the Région Nouvelle Aquitaine — Bordeaux 2017 — Notice catalographique Gorgues,
    [Show full text]