DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Framework

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Framework National Standards for the Teaching of English in Colombia: A Critical Discourse Analysis Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Guerrero-Nieto, Carmen Helena Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 22:55:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195935 NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN COLOMBIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. By Carmen Helena Guerrero Nieto ------------------------------------------------ Copyright © Carmen Helena Guerrero Nieto 2009 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND TEACHING INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Carmen Helena Guerrero Nieto entitled National Standards for the Teaching of English in Colombia: A Critical Discourse Analysis and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ____________________________________________________________Date: 04/30/09 Linda Waugh ____________________________________________________________Date: 04/30/09 Iliana Reyes ____________________________________________________________Date: 04/30/09 Richard Ruiz Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and I recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ___________________________________________________________Date: 04/30/09 Dissertation Director: Linda Waugh 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Carmen Helena Guerrero Nieto 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Along the journey towards the completion of my degree, I received the support, care, and company of professors, friends, and family. To all of them: THANK YOU. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Linda Waugh who welcomed me in the SLAT program and accompanied me all along the process from being a student to achieving my degree. She has been a great inspiration for me at all levels: as a teacher, researcher, administrator, scholar, and mentor. I feel privileged to have had her as my guide because she was always willing to listen, read, and revise my ideas. I am very grateful to my committee members, Dr. Iliana Reyes and Dr. Richard Ruiz, whose provocative thoughts allowed me to have a broader perspective when looking at my data and writing my dissertation. Special thanks goes to the ID2 study group with whom I shared afternoons of readings, discussions, insights and ideas. To Bryan Meadows and Yoo Kyung Sung: their comments, feedback, and suggestions helped me improved my work. Sharing our frustration and joy in our “dissertation” study group helped me understand I was not alone. I would like to acknowledge the company of my Colombian friends in Tucson; they shared with me my most joyful moments and cared for me during the hard ones. Knowing they were there for me gave me the strength to keep going. Another dear friend whom I owe a great deal of gratitude is Yang Yang; she has become more than a friend, a sister to me. During the times when I felt frustrated, tired, or confused, she had a word of wisdom that helped me look ahead. Long chats on Skype with my dearest friend and academic buddy, Alvaro Quintero, nurtured my intellect and allowed me to be closer to our Colombian reality. My mom and dad deserve my sincere acknowledgement and gratitude because they have been by my side all my life; they have had faith in me and have believed I would get far and no matter how old I am, I am always their little girl. And to Diego, my nephew, who is too young to understand the profound wound left in my heart because I have not seen him growing up. Finally, I am deeply grateful to the Fulbright Commission, Colciencias, and Universidad Distrital because their joint effort made possible the grant that financed my study. 5 DEDICATION To my dearest husband, Edgar Zapata, who accepted to walk this journey with me and has encouraged me to fly higher. You make my days shine with your unconditional love. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. 9 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................... 13 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................... 16 Discourse....................................................................................................................... 17 Legitimization ........................................................................................................... 20 Naturalization ............................................................................................................ 23 Circulation of Discourse ........................................................................................... 27 Critical Discourse Analysis ........................................................................................... 31 History of CDA ......................................................................................................... 32 The Goals of CDA .................................................................................................... 36 Symbolic Power ............................................................................................................ 41 Linguistic Capital ...................................................................................................... 44 Language as Symbolic Capital .................................................................................. 49 Language as Symbolic Power ................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................... 55 Object of Study ............................................................................................................. 55 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 55 Research Methodology ................................................................................................. 58 Process of Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 63 Primary and Secondary Data Sources ........................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 3: CONTEXTUALIZATION OF MULTILINGUISM IN COLOMBIA ..... 67 Indigenous Languages .................................................................................................. 69 Afro-Caribbean Languages ........................................................................................... 75 Palenquero..................................................................................................................... 76 San Andrés and Providence Creole English. ................................................................ 79 7 Spanish .......................................................................................................................... 85 English and Other Foreign Languages (but mainly English)........................................ 92 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 101 CHAPTER 4: THE MEANING OF BILINGUALISM WITHIN THE COLOMBIAN CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 103 Bilingualism Means Speaking English. ...................................................................... 104 Bilingualism is a Packed, Monolithic and Homogenous goal .................................... 116 Students as a Monolithic Population....................................................................... 116 All students will attain level B1, and along with that, they are recognized as legitimate users of the L2 ........................................................................................ 122 All Students will be equally proficient ................................................................... 126 English Language has one single standard variety ................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Declining Use of Mixtec Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-At
    UC San Diego Working Papers Title The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persistence of Memory, Discrimination, and Social Hierarchies of PowerThe Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persis... Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64p447tc Author Perry, Elizabeth Publication Date 2017-10-18 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Perry The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language 1 The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies CCIS University of California, San Diego The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persistence of Memory, Discrimination, and Social Hierarchies of Power Elizabeth Perry University of California, San Diego Working Paper 180 July 2009 Perry The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language 2 Abstract Drawing on binational ethnographic research regarding Mixtec “social memory” of language discrimination and Mixtec perspectives on recent efforts to preserve and revitalize indigenous language use, this study suggests that language discrimination, in both its overt and increasingly concealed forms, has significantly curtailed the use of the Mixtec language. For centuries, the Spanish and Spanish-speaking mestizo (mixed blood) elite oppressed the Mixtec People and their linguistic and cultural practices. These oppressive practices were experienced in Mixtec communities and surrounding urban areas, as well as in domestic and international migrant destinations. In the 1980s, a significant transition occurred in Mexico from indigenismo to a neoliberal multicultural framework. In this transition, discriminatory practices have become increasingly “symbolic,” referring to their assertion in everyday social practices rather than through overt force, obscuring both the perpetrator and the illegitimacy of resulting social hierarchies (Bourdieu, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Frepa Competences and Resources – Further Information
    FREPA A Framework of Reference for Pluralistic Approaches to Languages and Cultures Competences and resources Michel Candelier (coordinator), Antoinette Camilleri-Grima, Véronique Castellotti, Jean-François de Pietro, Ildikó Lőrincz, Franz-Joseph Meißner, Artur Noguerol, Anna Schröder-Sura With the participation of Muriel Molinié A Framework of Reference for Pluralistic Approaches to Languages and Cultures Competences and resources 1 French edition: Le CARAP Un Cadre de Référence pour les Approches Plurielles des Langues et des Cultures Compétences et resources ISBN: 978-92-871-7172-6 Preparation of this revised version: Michel Candelier (coordinator), Jean-François de Pietro, Raymond Facciol, Ildikó Lőrincz, Xavier Pascual and Anna Schröder-Sura. With the assistance of Karen Gonzalez Orellana and Karine Witvitzky (ECML trainees – Université du Maine, Le Mans), Chantal Bousquet (trainee Université du Maine, Le Mans) and Anke Englisch (student, Justus-Liebig Universität, Gießen). The opinions expressed in this work are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Public Infor- mation Division, Directorate of Communication (FR-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). Cover: Georg Gross Layout: Christian Friedrich Cover photo: © Andresr | shutterstock.com Council of Europe Publishing FR-67075 Strasbourg Cedex http://book.coe.int European Centre for Modern Languages / Council of Europe Nikolaiplatz 4 A-8020 Graz www.ecml.at ISBN: 978-92-871-7173-3 © Council of Europe, August 2012 Printed in Austria FREPA 2 A Framework of Reference for Pluralistic Approaches to Languages and Cultures 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Ono Tupuna, the richness of the ancestors. Multiples Landscapes Relationalities in Contemporary Indigenous Rapa Nui Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kk483h5 Author Rivas, Antonia Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Ono Tupuna, the richness of the ancestors. Multiples Landscapes Relationalities in Contemporary Indigenous Rapa Nui By Antonia Rivas A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of degree requirements for Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Charles L Briggs, Co-Chair Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Co-Chair Professor Laura Nader Professor Leti P Volpp Summer 2017 Abstract Ono Tupuna, the richness of the ancestors. Multiples Landscapes Relationalities in Contemporary Indigenous Rapa Nu By Antonia Rivas Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Charles Briggs, Co-Chair Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Co-Chair Contemporary Rapa Nui is formed by a multiple and complex set of interactions, encounters, and circumstances that comprise the core of their indigenous identity, like many other indigenous people's realities. In this dissertation, I argue that there is not a simple or straightforward way of thinking about indigenous identities without falling into the trap of essentialism and stereotyping. Indigenous people are not what remained of ancestral civilizations, nor are they either invented nor folklorized commodities produced by ―neo-shamanism‖ discourses. Recent theoretical contributions to the understanding of the relationship of native peoples with their territories have been fundamental to rethinking the meanings of indigeneity, but I argue that they continue to essentialize indigenous people relations with their past and the ways in which they are understood in the present.
    [Show full text]
  • A Complete List of the Definitions Found in the Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture
    A complete list of the definitions found in The Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture A Aborigine \ Acculturation Group \ Adaptation \ Adjustment \ Affirmative \ Afrocentrism \ Aggression \ Alien \ Alienation \ Altruism \ Amnesty \ Anticipated \ Anti-Racism \ Anti-Semitism \ Apartheid \ Art \ Assimilation \ Asylum \ Ausländer B Bilingualism \ Bioethics \ Black \ Boat People \ Border C Caste \ Chauvinism \ Circumcision \ Citizenship \ Civilization \ Colonialism \ Colour Bar \ Colour- Blind Society \ Coloured \ Commission for Racial Equality \ Community \ Complementarism \ Concentration Camp or Death Camp \ Conformism \ Cosmopolitism \ Creole \ Cross-Cultural \ Cross-Cultural Medicine \ Cultural Areas \ Cultural Determinism \ Cultural Evolutionism \ Cultural Imperialism \ Cultural Relativism \ Culture \ Cybernazis D Dance \ Denizen \ Deportation \ Developing Countries \ Diaspora \ Differentialism \ Discrimination \ Diversity-Similarity \ Double Consciousness \ Dual Citizenship E Ebonics \ Eco-Racism \ Emancipation \ Emigration \ Empowerment - Disempowerment \ Enculturation \ Equality \ Ethnic \ Ethnic Cleansing \ Ethnic Enterprises \ Ethnic Minority \ Ethnic Politics \ Ethnicity \ Ethnicity and Race \ Ethnicization \ Ethnocentrism \ Ethnocide \ Ethno-Nationalism \ Ethnopsychiatry \ Evolution \ Exclusion \ Exile \ Exoticism \ Extracomunitario F Family \ Family Reunification \ Flows \ Folklore \ Foreigner \ Fortress \ Free Movement \ Frontier \ Fundamentalism G Gastarbeiter \ Genocide \ Genome \ Genotype \ Ghetto \ Globalization \ Gypsy
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador
    Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador By David Heath Cooper Submitted to the graduate degree program in Sociology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Mehrangiz Najafizadeh ________________________________ Dr. Robert Antonio ________________________________ Dr. Ebenezer Obadare Date Defended: April 18th, 2014 The Thesis Committee for David Heath Cooper certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Redefining the State Plurinationalism and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Mehrangiz Najafizadeh Date approved: April 18th, 2014 ii ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, the Ecuadorian Indigenous movement has transformed the nation's political landscape. CONAIE, a nationwide pan-Indigenous organization, and its demands for plurinationalism have been at the forefront of this process. For CONAIE, the demand for a plurinational refounding of the state is meant as both as a critique of and an alternative to what the movement perceives to be an exclusionary and Eurocentric nation-state apparatus. In this paper, my focus is twofold. I first focus on the role of CONAIE as the central actor in organizing and mobilizing the groundswell of Indigenous activism in Ecuador. After an analysis of the historical roots of the movement, I trace the evolution of CONAIE from its rise in the 1990s, through a period of decline and fragmentation in the early 2000s, and toward possible signs of resurgence since 2006. In doing so, my hope is to provide a backdrop from which to better make sense both of CONAIE's plurinational project and of the implications of the 2008 constitutional recognition of Ecuador as a plurinational state.
    [Show full text]
  • Lexical Borrowings in the Colombian Online Newspaper El Tiempo from 1990 to 2012
    LEXICAL BORROWINGS IN THE COLOMBIAN ONLINE NEWSPAPER EL TIEMPO FROM 1990 TO 2012 by LORENA GÓMEZ MICHAEL PICONE, COMMITTEE CHAIR ERIN O’ROURKE ALICIA CIPRIA DILIN LIU DOUGLAS LIGHTFOOT A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the department of Modern Languages and Classics in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Lorena Gómez 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This study examined the introduction, adaptation, usage, and acceptance of lexical borrowings in the Colombian online newspaper El Tiempo from 1990 to 2012. While building on the foundation of prior research of sociolinguistic orientation on languages in contact, this study also included innovative approaches: the texts analyzed incorporate not only articles by El Tiempo journalists, but also the comments of bloggers linked to the newspaper’s site; online interviews were conducted with journalists and bloggers alike in an effort to determine their attitudes and motivations in relation to their vocabulary choices; and pronunciation patterns in relation to borrowed words were analyzed in videos from ET Canal El Tiempo. Contrary to the research questions posited at the outset, differences between the language of professional journalists and the language of the at-large bloggers proved to be minimal. The research found that there was a prescriptive tendency among journalists and bloggers alike to look for linguistic correctness and that their linguistic decisions were highly influenced by the guidelines from the Real Academia de la Lengua (RAE). When tracking and analyzing the different lexical choices and their relative frequencies in the writing of these two groups, no definite pattern surfaced, but only weak tendencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgements
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Peter-Paul Verbeek and Dr. Tsjalling Swierstra. Dr. Verbeek, as principal supervisor of the thesis, has closely followed the development of this work right from the choice of the topic through the organization of the proposal to the write up of the chapters. This final product wouldn’t have been a reality without his relentless comments on each and every step of the analyses and interpretations I made. I am also very much grateful to Dr. Swierstra, my second advisor, for giving me very decisive comments on the proposal and the first draft of the paper. My gratitude also goes to all of the professors who introduced me to the various areas of philosophy of science, technology, and society. I cannot forget the warm reception and help I always get from Ms. Petra Bruulsema, Secretary of the Department of Philosophy. Ato Shiferaw Bekele, associate professor of history at Addis Ababa University, has generously assisted me in selecting archival materials for the case analysis as well as commenting on the third chapter of the thesis where I discussed historical narratives. Thanks Gash Shiferaw. My study was sponsored by Addis Ababa University. I would therefore like to acknowledge the support I received from the university. I would more specifically like to thank Dr. Bekele Gutema, then Dean of the College of Social Sciences, Professor Endeshaw Bekele, then Academic Associate President for Research, and Professor Andreas Eshete, President of the University, for facilitating the grant. I have also received a waiver for the program fee from the University of Twente.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    2021. Proc Ling Soc Amer 6(1). 713–727. https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5006. Variable subject pronoun expression revisited: This is what the Paisas do Rafael Orozco & Luz Marcela Hurtado* Abstract. We explore subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Medellín, Colombia using 4,623 tokens to test eight predictors. The 28% overall pronominal rate found is significantly higher than those in other mainland communities. Grammatical person exerts the greatest conditioning effect, with uno ‘one’ strongly favoring overt subjects. Findings for verb class reveal that speech and cognitive verbs promote overt subjects. However, our in-depth analysis unveils opposing tendencies between different pronominal subject + verb collocations for the same verb. E.g., whereas (yo) soy ‘I am’ strongly favors overt subjects, (ellos) son ‘they are’ favors null subjects. These findings suggest that analyses focusing on infinitives do not constitute the most accurate way to explore verb effects on SPE. Moreover, the effect of age reveals a low pronominal rate among the youngest speakers, a finding that appears to have cognitive and acquisitional implications, as younger speakers would be expected to have higher pronominal rates. In general, this study contributes to expand our knowledge of SPE. Further, the findings regarding age and the lexical effect of the verb open promising research paths. Keywords: subject pronoun expression (SPE); sociolinguistics; language variation; Latin American Spanish; Colombian Spanish; lexical effects 1. Introduction. This paper expands on recent research on the variable alternation between null and overt pronominal subjects in Spanish (Hurtado & Ortega-Santos 2019; Orozco 2016, 2018a, 2018b; Orozco & Hurtado 2020; inter alia).
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Creating Our Lives, Performing Our Multi-Cultural Worlds
    Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 7-2-2018 Co-Creating our Lives, Performing our Multi-Cultural Worlds Aidah Nalubowa Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, and the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Nalubowa, Aidah, "Co-Creating our Lives, Performing our Multi-Cultural Worlds" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 962. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/962 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CO-CREATING OUR LIVES, PERFORMING OUR MULTI-CULTURAL WORLDS Aidah Nalubowa 96 Pages In his Foreword for Theatre and Migration (Cox 2014), director Peter Sellars writes, “None of us are the picture in our passports” (viii). Neither are we the person that we look or sound like at first glance or the first meeting. Rather, who we are is shaped by among other factors our environment and cultural upbringing. Because traditionally people from different places perform and participate in social and cultural events that are naturally “scripted” differently, we are so much more than the pictures and names we carry on our identification documents. Migration, Sellars continues, is “one of the most basic human yearnings, one of the most basic ways in which human beings complete themselves, one of the most basic ways worlds open, eyes open, and hearts open” (ix).
    [Show full text]
  • Transcultural Production Studies
    Call for papers CinEcoSA Seminar Series Transcultural Production Studies In Production Studies (2009) and Production Studies, The Sequel! (2016), Vicky Mayer, Miranda Banks, John Caldwell and Bridget Conor asked media scholars from different disciplines to discuss the concept of Production Culture. Media workers are seen as “cultural actors” (2009, 2) whose practices and discourses shape the film industry culture. This approach thus favours a focus on “the lived realities of people involved in the media production” (2009, 4) as well as specific case studies and “grounded data” (2016, x). The institutional context remains a key element to comprehend film realities since a production culture exists in the tension “between individuals’ agency and the social conditions within which agency is embedded.” (2016, x). Production Studies rest on two questions: “How do media producers represent themselves (…)? How do we, as researchers, then represent those varied and contested representations?” (2009, 4). Any production culture thus appears as a cultural construct, as an “imagined community” (Anderson, 1983) created by its agents in a context characterized by power issues. While Production Studies focused on North America, The Sequel! examined global issues, in line with the internationalisation of the film industry. The Transcultural Production Studies seminar series will explore the cultural phenomena at the heart of the internationalisation of film production. Viewing Production Culture through an international lens raises new questions related to cultural diversity and cultural exchanges. Each film and television professional can be considered a pluricultural individual whose identity blends two production cultures: one linked to a specific profession within the film industry and one linked to the way cinema works in a specific nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Plurilingual and Pluricultural Competence
    PLURILINGUAL AND PLURICULTURAL COMPETENCE With a Foreword and Complementary Bibliography French version originally published in 1997 Studies towards a Common European Framework of Reference for language learning and teaching Daniel COSTE, Danièle MOORE and Geneviève ZARATE 2009 Language Policy Division, Strasbourg www.coe.int/lang The opinions expressed in this work are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All correspondence concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of the document should be addressed to the Director of Education and Languages, DGIV, Council of Europe, (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). CONTENTS Foreword .....................................................................................................................v Introduction...............................................................................................................vii 1. Preliminary considerations .................................................................................9 1.1. Purpose of the study ...............................................................................................9 1.2. Some paradoxes .....................................................................................................9 1.2.1 Communicative competence and the native-speaker model......................................9 1.2.2 Communicative competence and cultural dimensions ...............................................9 1.2.3 "Pluri", "Bi" and "Inter" ..............................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Grassroots Post-Modernism Is Daring in Its Thesis That the Real Postmodernists Are to Be Found Among the Zapotecos and Rajasthanis of the Majority World
    Grassroots Post-Modernism Remaking the soil of cultures Gustavo Esteva & Madhu Suri Prakash i 'Beyond its definite "No" to the Global Project, this book takes a stimulating glance at the renewed life of social majorities and offers good reasons for a common hope! GILBERT RIST 'Grassroots Post-modernism is daring in its thesis that the real postmodernists are to be found among the Zapotecos and Rajasthanis of the majority world. It is hard-hitting in its attacks against progressive commonplaces, like global responsibility, human rights, the autonomy of the individual, and democracy. And it is eye-opening in its illustrations of how ordinary people, amidst the rubble of the development epoch, stitch their cultural fabric together and unwittingly move beyond the impasse of modernity.' WOLFGANG SACHS 'Esteva and Prakash courageously and clear-sightedly take on some of the most entrenched of modern certainties such as the universality of human rights, the individual self, and global thinking. In their efforts to remove the lenses of modernity that education has bequeathed them, they dig deep into their own encounters with what they call the "social majorities" in their native Mexico and India. There they see not an enthralment with the seductions of modernity but evidence of a will to live in their own worlds according to their own lights. Esteva's and Prakash's reflections on the imperialism of the universality of human rights avoids the twin pitfalls of relativism and romanticism. Their alternative is demanding and novel, and deserves our most serious consideration. Grassroots Post-modernism is a much needed and most welcome counterpoint both to the nihilism of much post-modern thinking as well as to those who view the spread of the global market and of global thinking too triumphantly.' FREDERIQUE APFFEL-MARGLIN 'Quite simply, a book which will transform how one sees the world.’ NORTH AND SOUTH ii iii ABOUT THE AUTHORS GUSTAVO ESTEVA is one of Latin America's most brilliant intellectuals and a leading critic of the development paradigm.
    [Show full text]