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WHAT AILS the IAS? I MEASURE the PROGRESS of a COMMUNITY by the # Books to Read 111 DEGREE of PROGRESS WHICH WOMEN HAVE ACHIEVED # Social Issues

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WHAT AILS the IAS? I MEASURE the PROGRESS of a COMMUNITY by the # Books to Read 111 DEGREE of PROGRESS WHICH WOMEN HAVE ACHIEVED # Social Issues Editorial Note Indian Republic @70 (People who steered India's founding document) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar: A scholar of law, economics, sociology Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer,” Ambedkar said about him. and political science, BR Ambedkar was born in 1891 in the K. M. Munshi: The lawyer, educationist and writer was born Central Provinces at a time when people from oppressed in 1887 in Gujarat and spent his initial years as a lawyer castes faced formidable barriers in education and jobs. before jumping into politics. In the Constituent Assembly, Nevertheless, Ambedkar earned doctorates from Columbia he was a member of 11 committees—the highest University and the London School of Economics before number for any person. plunging into Indian politics and organising the lower After Independence, he became the agriculture minister castes. and then the governor of Uttar Pradesh. A prolific writer in Often called the Father of the Constitution, Ambedkar Gujarati, English and Hindi, he founded the Bharatiya was the head of the drafting committee and India's first Vidya Bhavan and was one of the founding members of law minister. Swatantra Party. Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar: Born in 1883 in the erstwhile Jaipal Singh: A politician, writer and athlete, Jaipal Singh Madras Presidency, Ayyar was responsible for key sections Munda was born in 1903 near Ranchi and emerged as one of the Constitution, and on whom praise was heaped by BR of the most vocal advocates for India's tribal communities Ambedkar. The son of a priest, Ayyar studied history and in the Constituent Assembly. He spent his childhood then law, quickly becoming a leading member of the looking after cattle but academic brilliance saw him Madras bar. graduate from the University of Oxford, before joining the He was knighted in 1932 and was the advocate general of Indian Civil Services. the Madras Presidency from 1929 to 1944. He was invited to He was also a gifted hockey player and part of the Indian the Constituent Assembly by Jawaharlal Nehru for his legal team that lifted the Olympic gold in 1928. expertise. He was part of nine committees, including the He became president of the Adivasi Mahasabha in 1939 drafting committee. and was among the first to articulate the demand for a “There were in the drafting committee men bigger, better separate tribal homeland of Jharkhand. and more competent than myself such as my friend Sir In the Constituent Assembly, he was part of three https://t.me/UPSC_PDF Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF committees and called for greater representation Kazi Syed Karimuddin: Born in 1899 in Maharashtra, from tribes, and said the government should Karimuddin studied at the Aligarh Muslim University and concentrate on welfare of the marginalised community. became a noted criminal lawyer. Jawaharlal Nehru: India's first prime minister and one He was a prominent member of the Congress and was a of its tallest leaders of the freedom struggle, Jawaharlal member of legislative assembly of the erstwhile Central Nehru was a barrister. He was among MK Gandhi's Provinces. He was also a member of the Rajya Sabha closest associates and one of the leading members of the from 1954 to 1958. Constituent assembly who chaired three important He is remembered for having articulated the need for committees. As prime minister for 17 years, he steered protecting the privacy of an individual by moving an the country's economy and foreign policy, while also amendment to protect individuals from unreasonable giving direction to its education policy. search-and-seizure, on the lines of the American Begum Aizaz Rasul: The only Muslim woman member of Constitution. This was probably the first time that the the Constituent Assembly, Rasul was born in 1909 in right to privacy was articulated in the Constituent Lahore to a branch of the royal family of Malerkotla in Assembly. His amendment received some support from Punjab. She was one of a handful of women to fight the BR Ambedkar but the right to privacy did not find an 1937 election and get elected from present day Uttar explicit place in the Constitution at the time. Pradesh. Rajendra Prasad: The staunch Gandhian and Congress She was staunchly against separate electorates for stalwart from Bihar was the president of the Muslims and is credited with having turned the opinions Constituent Assembly and the first President of of some more conservative members; and a great independent India. Born in Swan in 1884, he spent his believer in the Constitution. college years in Calcutta before returning home and “As a woman, I have very great satisfaction in the fact that nurturing a student movement. no discrimination will be made on account of sex…I am K. T. Shah: A leading advocate and economist, Shah was sure women can look forward to equality of opportunity appointed by the Congress as the general secretary of under the new Constitution,” she said in a speech in the National Planning Committee in 1938 under the November 1948. chairperson J.L. Nehru. The committee aimed to tackle She also headed the Indian Women's Hockey unemployment and focus on industrialisation. Federation for two decades. In the Constituent Assembly, he was a part of two Vallabhbhai Patel: The first deputy prime minister and committees and two sub-committees. He is home minister of India was born in 1875 in Gujarat. He remembered for two attempts at including the word practised as a top barrister in Ahmedabad before taking 'secular' in the Constitution – both of which were the plunge in the freedom struggle. Patel was one of M.K. rejected by the assembly. Gandhi's trusted lieutenants who led the Salt Satyagraha He was a strong votary of states' rights and argued that from the front, and was one of the most vocal states should not be seen as secondary to the Union proponents of the Quit India Movement. Patel was government. He also argued that the freedom of the chairman of two committees, and member of two others. press be explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. Shah He was also credited with uniting 565 princely states into was also the principal opponent of Rajendra Prasad in the Union. the first presidential election of India in 1952. Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF focus CRITICAL NOTES FOR THE PREPARATION OF GENERAL STUDIES PAPERS Chairperson and Managing Director (CMD) : Dear Students, Mr. V.P. Gupta Chief Executive Officer : Abhishek Gupta FOCUS is the Study Circle's monthly publication of contemporary issues Executive Editor : Ritesh Kumar Singh and current affairs analysis. It is in fact a collective effort, by experienced Editorial Team : Ritesh Kumar Singh, Gajanan Dwivedi, educators in varied themes, of identifying current affairs in light of the Naweed Akhter, Sanjeev Kumar Pandey, Jasmine Sokhi, M Burhanuddin, Vrinda Gupta, Mangal Singh, Nagendra UPSC syllabus, supplementing them with background information, Pratap, Pradip Singh, Basava Uppin, Shubhangi Sharma, explaining their related dimensions, lending them a generalist viewpoint Jaikrit Vatsal, Michael Suren, Preeti Kaushik, Pallavi Sarda, Arun Bhardwaj, Vaibhav Mishra, Sagar Chourasia and thus producing critical notes for the preparation of General Studies' Design and Production : Rohit Rajput, Deepti Gupta, syllabus. Khurshid Alam The purpose of Focus is to expound the applied nature of The publication, as the name suggests, focuses solely on issues which are General Studies to Civil Services aspirants thereby making relevant to the factual as well as applied aspects of the General Studies' them aware of the real demand of UPSC exam. syllabus. That is how Focus covers all anticipated issues and themes for the The sources relied for selection and analysis of issues are: 1. The Hindu, The Hindu (Sunday) upcoming Civil Services Examination (CSE). 2. The Indian Express 3. The Times of India Features 4. Asian Age 5. The Tribune Part One | Current Affairs Analysis 6. The Economic Times 7. Hindu Business Line n This month edition covers analysis of news from the 8. Frontline immediately preceding month. 9. Economic and Political Weekly 10. IDSA n All news/issues are categorized and clubbed syllabus-wise 11. BBC (International Relations, Polity & Governance, Science & Technology, 12. Yojana 13. Kurukshetra Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude and so on) for efficient study. 14. Down to Earth n Background information has been added to provide context. n Related and Additional information-dimensions have been explained to add depth to your understanding. n Maps and figures have been provided for associative and retentive learning. HEAD OFFICE & NEW DELHI CAMPUS n 309, Kanchanjunga Building, Barakhamba Road, Connaught Practice Questions Place, New Delhi-110 001 Tel : 011 – 4078 6050, 23317293, 23318135/36, 23738906/07 Part Two | Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude BENGALURU CAMPUS n 2nd Floor, AKS Plaza, 10 Industrial Layout, Coverage from varied sources Jyoti Niwas College (JNC) Road, 5th Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru – 560 095 (Karnataka) Tel : 080 – 255 35536/ 37/ 38/ 39, 9916035536 Part Three | Essays for you n JAIPUR CAMPUS Selected essays from Rau's GSI students 3rd Floor, UDB Corporate Tower (Nawal Tower), A-1. J.L.N. Marg, Near Fortis Hospital, Jaipur – 302017 Tel : 0141 – 4106050/57, 2722050 For further understanding or discussion in any topic, please consult your respective professors. email : [email protected] website : www.rauias.com Good Luck! connect : www.facebook.com/rausias RAU'S IAS STUDY CIRCLE NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION
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