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New Chennai Chennai, Formerly Madras, City, Capital of Tamil Nadu

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New Chennai Chennai, Formerly Madras, City, Capital of Tamil Nadu 1 Older Chennai New chennai ➢ Chennai, formerly Madras, city, capital of Tamil Nadu state. Known as the “Gateway to South India. ➢ Chennai is the 400 year old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area in the world. ➢ Chennai is the India’s fifth largest city. History of Chennai: ➢ Originally known as "Madras", was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Penna River of Nellore and the Ponnaiyar river of Cuddalore. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 2 ➢ The name Madras was Derived from Madrasan a fisherman head who lived in coastal area of Madras. ➢ The Original Name of Madras Is Puliyur kottam which is 2000 year old Tamil ancient name. ➢ Tondaimandalam was ruled in the 2nd century CE by Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan who was a representative of the Chola family at Kanchipuram. ➢ Chennai was ruled by cholas, satavahanas,pallavas and Pandiyas. ➢ The Vijayanagar rulers appointed chieftain known as Nayaks who ruled over the different regions of the province almost independently. ➢ Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, an influential chieftain under Venkata III, who was in-charge of the area of present Chennai city, gave the grant of a piece of land lying between the river Cooum almost at the point it enters the sea and another river known as Egmore river to the English in 1639. ➢ On this piece of waste land was founded the Fort St. George exactly for business considerations. ➢ In honour of Chennappa Nayak, father of Venkatapathy Nayak, who controlled the entire coastal country from Pulicat in the north to the Portuguese settlement of Santhome, the settlement which had grown up around Fort St. George was named after Chennapatanam. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 3 ➢ Sir Edward Elliot was the important Governor of Chennai . He appointed a Judicial Commission with Munro as its President in 1814. ➢ He tried his best to improve literacy. Important improvement made to Chennai city during the first half of the 19th century was the progress made in the establishment of institutions for professional and technical education. ➢ After the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, Madras was the first province of British India to implement a system of dyarchy. The government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name of the city to Chennai in 1996. Geography: ➢ Chennai is located at 13.04°N 80.17°E on the southeast coast of India and in the northeast corner of Tamil Nadu. ➢ It is located on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains. The city has an average elevation of 6 metres (20 ft), its highest point being 60 m (200 ft). t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 4 Climate: ➢ Chennai lies on the thermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. ➢ For most of the year, the weather is hot and humid. The hottest part of the year is late May and early June, known locally as "Agni Nakshatram" ("fire star") or as "Kathiri Veyyil", with maximum temperatures around 38–42 °C (100–107 °F). ➢ The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–20 °C (66–68 °F). The lowest temperature recorded is 4.8 °C (40.64 °F) and highest 45 °C (113 °F)(30 May 2003). ➢ The average annual rainfall is about 1,300 mm (51 inches). The city gets most of its seasonal rainfall from the north-east monsoon winds, from mid- September to mid-December. ➢ Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit the city. Highest annual rainfall recorded is 2,570 mm in 2005. Administration of Chennai: ➢ Chennai city is governed by the Chennai Corporation (formerly ―Corporation of Madras), which was established in 1688. ➢ It is the oldest municipal corporation in India and the second oldest corporation in the world. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 5 ➢ In 2011, the jurisdiction of the Chennai Corporation was expanded from174 kms (67 sq mi) to an area of 426 kms(164 sq mi), dividing into three regions: ❖ North, ❖ South and ❖ Central. ➢ The corporation is headed by an Indian Administrative Service officer. The Mayor and councilors of the city are elected through a popular vote by the residents. The Ripon Building, commissioned in 1913, houses the Chennai Corporation. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 6 ➢ Chennai, as the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, houses the state executive and legislative headquarters primarily in the Secretariat Buildings in the Fort St George campus. LAW AND ORDER OF CHENNAI: ➢ The Madras High Court, is the highest judicial authority in the state, whose jurisdiction extends across Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Madras high court ➢ The Greater Chennai Police is the main law enforcement agency in the city. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 7 ➢ It consists of 170 Police stations out of which 35 and all women police stations and is headed by a commissioner of police. ➢ The Chennai police is a division of the Tamil Nadu Police, and the administrative control lays with the Tamil Nadu Home Ministry. Demography: Popultion as per 2020: t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 8 Sex ratio and Literacy: Sex Ratio (Per 989 1000) Child Sex Ratio 950 (0-6 Age) Average 90.18 Literacy Male Literacy 93.70 Female 86.64 Literacy Religion wise Chennai Population: As per the 2011 census, Chennai population religion wise: ➢ 80.7% are Hindu population, ➢ 9.4% are Muslim population, ➢ 7.7% are Christian and ➢ 1.1% are Jains. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 9 Languages spoken in Chennai: ➢ Tamil is widely spoken language in Chennai with 78%, followed by ➢ Telugu with 9.7%, ➢ Urdu with 4.1%, ➢ Malayalam with 2.6%, ➢ Hindi with 2.4% and ➢ Kannada with 0.5%. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 10 Some of the Old Chennai images: Masula Boats and Shipping – First Line Beach – 1915 Madras (Chennai) Harbour Parry’s Corner –1890 Higginbotham’s – 1950 t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 11 Chepauk Palace – Madras (Chennai) – 1890 Important places in Chennai: Royapuram: Railway Station is the oldest railway station in south India which was opened in 1856. Spencer Plaza: ➢ The Spencer Plaza was established by Charles Durant and J.W.Spencer in Anna Salai, Madras Presidency. ➢ It was built in the year 1863-1864. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 12 ➢ It was built during the period of British Raj. The original Spencer Plaza – Madras (Chennai) – 1863 ➢ It is the oldest shopping mall in India. ➢ It is an example of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture. Mayor: ➢ The corporation of Madras is the second oldest in the world and first in India. ➢ The Corporation of Madras was inaugurated on 29 September 1688 based on a charter issued by James II King of England. ➢ The corporation of a city or town is headed by the mayor. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 13 ➢ The mayor is the first citizen of the city. Higginbotham: ➢ Higginbotham is the oldest existing bookshop in India. ➢ It was found by Abel Joshua Higginbotham. ➢ It was found in the year 1844 in Madras Presidency, British Raj. ➢ Higginbotham has a total of 22 branches in India. Bharathiyar Illam: ➢ The Bharathiyar Illam is located at Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. ➢ Bharathiyar Illam is the house in Chennai where Subramanya Bharathi, the great Tamil poet spent his final years of his life. It was open for public only since 2 October 1993. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 14 Bharatanatyam: ➢ The Bharatanatyam is a major or popular genre of Indian classical dance which originated in Tamil Nadu. ➢ It’s existence is marked in the ancient Tamil epic ‘Silappathikaram’ during the period of 2nd century CE. ➢ Bharatanatyam could possibly be the oldest classical dance in India. Government Museum: The Architectural Beauty of the Government Museum t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 15 ➢ Established in 1851, this is one the most important places of Chennai which highlight the significance of South India. ➢ Being the second most established gallery of India, this is the best historical place in Chennai. Valluvar Kottam: Chariot-shaped Monument at Valluvar Kottam ➢ Valluvar Kottam was built in the year 1976 to honour the great classical Tamil poet and saint Tiruvalluvar who wrote the famous Thirukkural. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 16 ➢ Three thousand stone blocks were used to create this memorial. ➢ All the 133 chapters of his work Thirukkural have been inscribed in the front hall corridor. ➢ A life-sized statue of the poet is mounted inside the monument which has been built in the shape of a temple chariot (39 meter high). ➢ The place also boasts of a huge auditorium which can accommodate around 4000 people and is believed to be the largest auditorium in Asia. Fort St George: ➢ Founded in 1644 and also known as the white town, Fort St George is the place from where East India Company used to work. t.me/shanawithu t.me/civilcentric Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976 17 ➢ One of the top places to know the past of Old Madras, this is also a must-visit place for the history lovers in Chennai. ➢ Currently, the place houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and different more official buildings. Alamparai Fort: ➢ Erected in the 17th century when Mughals were ruling the country, the Alamparai Fort lies on a land that is overlooking the sea.
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