Select Preservation Priorities for FY 2021 Appropriations
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Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Natural, Cultural & Agricultural Resources January 21,, 2010
Sawyer County Comprehensive Plan – Natural, Cultural & Agricultural Resources January 21, 2010 Natural, Cultural & Agricultural Resources Wisconsin State Statute 66.1001(2)(e) Agricultural, Natural & Cultural Resources A compilation of objectives, policies, goals, maps and programs for the conservation, and promotion of the effective management, of natural resources such as groundwater, forests, productive agricultural areas, environmentally sensitive areas, threatened and endangered species, stream corridors, surface water, floodplains, wetlands, wildlife habitat, metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources consistent with zoning limitations under s.295.20(2), parks, open spaces, historical and cultural resources, community design, recreational resources and other natural resources. INTRODUCTION The protection of natural resources is necessary for the welfare of both people and the environment. By allowing natural processes, such as the hydrologic system, to function without impediment, property, water supply and the environment are protected. The protection of natural resources also preserves important ecological communities. Certain natural resources have more than merely aesthetic and leisure‐time activity values. They are essential to long‐term human survival and the preservation of life, health and general welfare. As such, the protection and management of these resources clearly are in the public interest. Thus, the analysis of those natural resources found within the planning area is done for the purpose of directing development away from those areas not intrinsically suitable for a particular use, or to at least guide development in a direction that is least disruptive. TOPOGRAPHY An undulating plain dissected by many lakes, rivers and streams characterizes the topography of Sawyer County. The northeastern corner of the County is quite hilly and the southwestern corner contains many high quartzite ridges. -
Farallon Islands and Noon Day Rock, Supports the Largest Seabird Nesting Colony South of Alaska
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Farallon National Wildlife Refuge Photo: ©PRBO Dense colonies of common murres and colorful puffins cloak cliff faces and crags, while two-ton elephant seals fight fierce battles for breeding sites on narrow wave-etched terraces below. Natural History Surrounded by cold water and plenty of food Pt. Reyes San Rafael G ulf o f Fa Golden ra ll Gate on s Bridge iles Oakland 28 M San Francisco C a li fo Fremont rn PACIFIC OCEAN ia San Jose Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, made up of all the Farallon Islands and Noon Day Rock, supports the largest seabird nesting colony south of Alaska. Thirteen seabird species numbering over 200,000 individuals Pigeon nest here each summer. Throughout the year, six species of marine mammals Guillemot breed or haul out on the islands. These islands are beside the cold California current which originates in Alaska and flows north to south, they are also surrounded Photo: © Brian O’Neil by waters of the Gulf of Farallons National Marine Sanctuary. Lying 28 miles west of San Francisco Bay the Refuge is on the western edge of the continental shelf. This area of Western gull the ocean plunges to 6,000 foot depths. Cold upwelling water brought from the depths as the wind blows surface water westward from the shoreline, and the California current flowing southward past the islands provides an ideal biological mixing zone along the continental shelf and around the San Francisco Bay area. Photos: © Brian O’Neil We stw ard Win ds Upwelling ent Mixing urr a C Deep rni lifo Ca Cold Water S N USGS Chart of seafloor Upwelling occurs notably in the spring depths around when these wind and water currents Farallon NWR work together and saturate ocean waters with nutrients brought up from Black the deep ocean. -
Park Report Part 1
Alcatraz Island Golden Gate National Recreation Area Physical History PRE-EUROPEAN (Pre-1776) Before Europeans settled in San Francisco, the area was inhabited by Native American groups including the Miwok, in the area north of San Francisco Bay (today’s Marin County), and the Ohlone, in the area south of San Francisco Bay (today’s San Francisco peninsula). Then, as today, Alcatraz had a harsh environment –strong winds, fog, a lack of a fresh water source (other than rain or fog), rocky terrain –and there was only sparse vegetation, mainly grasses. These conditions were not conducive to living on the island. These groups may have used the island for a fishing station or they may have visited it to gather seabird eggs since the island did provide a suitable habitat for colonies of seabirds. However, the Miwok and Ohlone do not appear to have lived on Alcatraz or to have visibly altered its landscape, and no prehistoric archeological sites have been identified on the island. (Thomson 1979: 2, Delgado et al. 1991: 8, and Hart 1996: 4). SPANISH AND MEXICAN PERIOD (1776-1846) Early Spanish explorers into Alta California encountered the San Francisco Bay and its islands. (Jose Francisco Ortega saw the bay during his scouting for Gaspar de Portola’s 1769 expedition, and Pedro Fages described the three major islands –Angel, Alcatraz, and Yerba Buena –in his journal from the subsequent 1772 expedition.) However, the first Europeans to record their visit to Alcatraz were aboard the Spanish ship San Carlos, commanded by Juan Manuel de Ayala that sailed through the Golden Gate and anchored off Angel Island in August 1775. -
National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form
Form No. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) Theme: 19th-century Architecture UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS _____________TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS______ I NAME HISTORIC Letter II Building_________________________________ AND/OR COMMON Sears, Roebuck and Company __ ______ CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Chicago VICINITY OF 7th STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Illinois Cook CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE _D I STRICT —PUBLIC XX.OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM -XBUILDING(S) XXPRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED XXcOMMERCIAL —PARK _STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS _OBJECT —IN PROCESS —YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED XX.YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Mr. Dean A. Swift, President (312-875-2500) STREET & NUMBER Sears, Roebuck and Company, Sears Tower CITY, TOWN STATE Chicago VICINITY OF Illinois 60680 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. Cook County Recorder's Office STREETS NUMBER CITY, TOWN STATE Chicago Illinois REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Buildings Survey, OAHP, National Park Service, Dept. of Interior DATE ^FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Library of Congress CITY, TOWN STATE Washington D.C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED —UNALTERED XXoRIGINAL SITE J?GOOD —RUINS XXALTERED —MOVED DATE. —FAIR _UNEXPOSED The dimensions of the building were stupendous for the period. It is 144 feet deep on Van Buren and Congress and 402 feet long on State Street. It is 132 feet high, eight stories in height, each floor had 16 foot ceilings when constructed it was one of the largest buildings in the world in floor area and cubic volume. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this book is twofold: to provide general information for anyone interested in the California islands and to serve as a field guide for visitors to the islands. The book covers both general history and nat- ural history, from the geological origins of the islands through their aboriginal inhabitants and their marine and terrestrial biotas. Detailed coverage of the flora and fauna of one island alone would completely fill a book of this size; hence only the most common, most readily observed, and most interesting species are included. The names used for the plants and animals discussed in this book are the most up-to-date ones available, based on the scientific literature and the most recently published guidebooks. Common names are always subject to local variations, and they change constantly. Where two names are in common use, they are both mentioned the first time the organism is discussed. Ironically, in recent years scientific names have changed more recently than common names, and the reader concerned about a possible discrepancy in nomenclature should consult the scientific literature. If a significant nomenclatural change has escaped our notice, we apologize. For plants, our primary reference has been The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, edited by James C. Hickman, including the latest lists of errata. Variation from the nomenclature in that volume is due to more recent interpretations, as explained in the text. Certain abbreviations used throughout the text may not be immedi- ately familiar to the general reader; they are as follows: sp., species (sin- gular); spp., species (plural); n. -
Shark Encounters, Cage Diving in the Farallon Islands, California
One Day Dive Adventures The Farallon Islands Our Shark Team “The Devil’s Teeth” When you join us for a Great White Shark Our Incredible Great White Shark Adventures depart adventure to San Francisco’s Farallon from San Francisco’s famous Fisherman’s Wharf. Islands, you’ll find yourself in very good hands. We’re proud of our staff and when you dive with You’ll need to be at the dock by 6:00 am to get checked us, you’ll understand why. Here are just two of in and ready for a prompt 6:30-7:00 am departure. Total the great people you may meet: time at the dive site varies, but expect to be back at the dock between 5-6 pm. A continental breakfast, hot Greg Barron is our Director of West Coast Shark lunch and beverages are provided for you. Our boat is Ops. Greg has spent his entire life living and div- equipped to handle 12 divers and 6 topside viewers in ing along the North Coast of California and has comfort. been part of our shark dive operation since the beginning. Greg helped the great Located roughly 20 miles off the coast of San people at DOER Marine Cage Dives: $875 Top Side Viewing: $ 375 Francisco is a series of land formations known design and build our as the Farallon Islands. The islands lie within massive shark cage and the Gulf of the Farallones Marine Sanctuary, has worked to transform Full payment is required the day you book your dive and 1255 square miles of protected waters deemed our boat into an incredible is NON-REFUNDABLE. -
Chapter 1: the Everglades to the 1920S Introduction
Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s Introduction The Everglades is a vast wetland, 40 to 50 miles wide and 100 miles long. Prior to the twentieth century, the Everglades occupied most of the Florida peninsula south of Lake Okeechobee.1 Originally about 4,000 square miles in extent, the Everglades included extensive sawgrass marshes dotted with tree islands, wet prairies, sloughs, ponds, rivers, and creeks. Since the 1880s, the Everglades has been drained by canals, compartmentalized behind levees, and partially transformed by agricultural and urban development. Although water depths and flows have been dramatically altered and its spatial extent reduced, the Everglades today remains the only subtropical ecosystem in the United States and one of the most extensive wetland systems in the world. Everglades National Park embraces about one-fourth of the original Everglades plus some ecologically distinct adjacent areas. These adjacent areas include slightly elevated uplands, coastal mangrove forests, and bays, notably Florida Bay. Everglades National Park has been recognized as a World Heritage Site, an International Biosphere Re- serve, and a Wetland of International Importance. In this work, the term Everglades or Everglades Basin will be reserved for the wetland ecosystem (past and present) run- ning between the slightly higher ground to the east and west. The term South Florida will be used for the broader area running from the Kississimee River Valley to the toe of the peninsula.2 Early in the twentieth century, a magazine article noted of the Everglades that “the region is not exactly land, and it is not exactly water.”3 The presence of water covering the land to varying depths through all or a major portion of the year is the defining feature of the Everglades. -
Farallon National Wildlife Refuge California
92d Congress, 1st Session --------- House Document No. 92-102 FARALLON NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE CALIFORNIA COMMUNICATION FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING FOURTEEN PROPOSALS TO ADD TO THE NATIONAL WILDERNESS SYSTEM PART 10 APRIL 29, 1971. —Referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs and ordered to be printed with illustrations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL1 THE WHITE HOUSE WAS H I NGTON April 28; 1971 Dear Mr. Speaker: The Wilderness Act of September 3, 1964, declared it to be the policy of the Congress to secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness, and for that purpose the act established a National Wilderness Preservation System. In my special message on the environment of February 8, 1971, I stressed the importance of wilderness areas as part of a comprehensive open space system. In these un- spoiled lands, contemporary man can encounter the character and beauty of primitive America -- and learn, through the encounter, the vital lesson of human interdependence with the natural environment. Today, I am pleased to transmit fourteen proposals which would add to the National Wilderness System vast areas where nature still predominates. These areas are briefly described below. (1) Simeonof National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska -- 25,140 acres of a unique wildlife environment: the bio- logically productive lands and waters of Simeonof Island off the coast of Alaska. (2) North Cascades National Park, Washington — 515,880 acres in two areas in North Cascades Park and Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas. -
African American Civil Rights Grant Program
African American Civil Rights Grant Program - FY 2016 - FY 2018 Fiscal year Site/Project Name Organization City State Award Amount Project Summary Site Significance FY 2018 Edmund Pettus Bridge: Historic Structures Report Auburn University Auburn AL $50,000 FY 2018 Rehabilitation of St. Paul United Methodist Church St. Paul United Methodist Church Birmingham AL $500,000 FY 2018 Preservation and Rehabilitation of the Sixteenth Street Sixteenth Street Bapsit Church Birmingham AL $500,000 Baptist Church: Phase 3 FY 2018 Rehabilitation of the Historic Bethel Church Parsonage Historic Bethel Baptist Church Community Birmingham AL $258,209 Restoration Fund FY 2018 Stabilization and Roof Replacement of the Historic Lincolnite Club, Inc. Marion AL $500,000 Lincoln Normal School Gymnasium: Phase 1 FY 2018 Rehabilitation of the Historic Moore Building: Phase 2 Alabama Historical Commission Montgomery AL $500,000 FY 2018 Freedom Rides Museum Exhibit Plan Alabama Historical Commission Montgomery AL $50,000 FY 2018 Rehabilitation of the Amelia Boynton Residence Gateway Educational Foundation, Inc. & Brown Selma AL $500,000 Chapel AME Church FY 2018 Preservation of Historic Brown Chapel: Phase 3 Brown Chapel AME Historical Preservation Selma AL $500,000 Foundation FY 2018 Oral Histories of the Untold Tabernacle Story Tabernacle Baptist Church – Selma, AL Legacy Selma AL $37,950 Foundation, Inc. FY 2018 Tabernacle Baptist Church: Historic Structure Report and Tabernacle Baptist Church –Legacy Foundation, Selma AL $500,000 Stained Glass Assessment Inc. -
Southern Florida Sites Associated with the Tequesta and Their Ancestors
Southern Florida Sites associated with the Tequesta and their Ancestors National Historic Landmark/National Register of Historic Places Theme Study Prepared by: Florida Division of Historical Resources R. A. Gray Building 500 S. Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250 May 2004 Revised, November 2004 NPS Form 10-900-b OMB Approval No. 1024—0018 (Rev. Aug 2002) (Expires Jan. 2005) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. __X__ New Submission ____ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Southern Florida Sites Associated with the Tequesta and their Ancestors B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) Archaic Origins of the Tequesta ca. 10,000-500 B.C. Development of Glades Pottery 500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Settlement Patterns 2500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Plant and Animal Use among the Tequesta 500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Mortuary Practices 500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Earthwork Building 500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Exchange Networks 2500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Tequesta Art and Aesthetics 500 B.C.-A.D. 1763 Sociopolitical Development 500 B.C.-A.D. -
Historic Properties Identification Report
Section 106 Historic Properties Identification Report North Lake Shore Drive Phase I Study E. Grand Avenue to W. Hollywood Avenue Job No. P-88-004-07 MFT Section No. 07-B6151-00-PV Cook County, Illinois Prepared For: Illinois Department of Transportation Chicago Department of Transportation Prepared By: Quigg Engineering, Inc. Julia S. Bachrach Jean A. Follett Lisa Napoles Elizabeth A. Patterson Adam G. Rubin Christine Whims Matthew M. Wicklund Civiltech Engineering, Inc. Jennifer Hyman March 2021 North Lake Shore Drive Phase I Study Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... v 1.0 Introduction and Description of Undertaking .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 NLSD Area of Potential Effects (NLSD APE) ................................................................................... 1 2.0 Historic Resource Survey Methodologies ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 Lincoln Park and the National Register of Historic Places ............................................................ 3 2.2 Historic Properties in APE Contiguous to Lincoln Park/NLSD ....................................................... 4 3.0 Historic Context Statements ........................................................................................................