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From Qumran to Aleppo: a Discussion with Emanuel Tov About The Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments Herausgegeben von Jan Christian Gertz, Dietrich-Alex Koch, Matthias Köckert, Hermut Lohr, Steven McKenzie, Joachim Schaper und Christopher Tuckett Band 230 From Qumran to Aleppo A Discussion with Emanuel Τον about the Textual History of Jewish Scriptures in Honor of his 65th Birthday Herausgegeben von Armin Lange, Matthias Weigold und Jozsef Zsengellér Mit 13 Tabellen und einer Grafik Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-525-53094-8 © 2009. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Das Werk und seine Teile sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung in anderen als den gesetzlich zugelassenen Fällen bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages. Hinweis zu § 52a UrhG: Weder das Werk noch seine Teile dürfen ohne vorherige schriftliche Einwilligung des Verlages öffentlich zugänglich gemacht werden. Dies gilt auch bei einer entsprechenden Nutzung für Lehr- und Unterrichtszwecke. Printed in Germany. Druck und Bindung: ® Hubert & Co, Göttingen Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier. Table of Contents Preface 7 EMANUEL Τον The Many Forms of Hebrew Scripture: Reflections in Light of the LXX and 4QReworked Pentateuch 11 ARMIN LANGE "They Confirmed the Reading" (y. Ta 'an. 4.68a): The Textual Standardization of Jewish Scriptures in the Second Temple Period 29 JOSEF M. OESCH Formale und materiale Gliederungshermeneutik der Pentateuch-Handschriften von Qumran 81 FRIEDRICH V. REITERER Die Differenz zwischen Urtext und Ausgangstext: Beispiele zur Entwicklung der sirazidischen Versionen 123 HERMANN-JOSEF STIPP Der prämasoretische Idiolekt des Buches Ezechiel und seine Beziehungen zum Jeremiabuch 141 HANNA TERVANOTKO "The Hope of the Enemy Has Perished": The Figure of Miriam in the Qumran Library 156 KEVIN TROMPELT Die masoretische Akzentuation als Spiegel abweichender Texttraditionen 176 JOZSEF ZSENGELLÉR Origin or Originality of the Torah? The Historical and Textcritical Value of the Samaritan Pentateuch 189 Preface When Emanuel Τον visited Vienna in 2006 he celebrated his 65l birthday. On this occasion the Institute of Jewish Studies at the University of Vienna organized a small symposium to which Emanuel contributed as well: "Von Qumran bis Aleppo: Texte und Textgeschichten jüdischer Schriften: Ein internationales Symposium zum 65. Geburtstag von Emanuel Τον." The present volume publishes the presentations of the 2006 Vienna meeting. But it should not be regarded as another proceedings volume of a meeting on the textual history of the Hebrew Bible nor does it want to be a Festschrift in honor of Emanuel Τον. Emanuel received an exceptional and monumen­ tal Festschrift in 2003.1 Instead of redoing such a Festschrift on a smaller scale the organizers of the Vienna meeting and the editors of the present collection decided to go another way. The contributions of the present vol­ ume engage with and discuss various aspects of Emanuel Tov's work on the textual history of the Hebrew Bible. This discussion marks the extraordi­ nary achievements of Emanuel's work and its importance for the under­ standing of the textual history of the Hebrew Bible. It is in the spirit of such a discussion that Emanuel Τον has contributed an article to our collection as well. In his own contribution, "The Many Forms of Hebrew Scripture: Reflec­ tions in Light of the Septuagint and 4QReworked Pentateuch," Emanuel Τον studies the character of some non-Masoretic textual traditions of the Jewish scriptures. He focuses on textual witnesses which attest to a rewrit­ ten text, i.e. the Septuagint books of 3 Kingdoms, Esther, and Daniel as well as the Samaritan Pentateuch and the so-called Reworked Pentateuch manuscripts from Qumran. Emanuel concludes: "What 4QRP, the Hebrew source of some LXX books, and the SP group have in common is the inter­ action of stretches of Scripture text and exegetical expansions, although these expansions differ in nature and tendency. If all these texts were consi­ dered authoritative, probably 4QRP enjoyed a similar status. All these texts need to be studied as Hebrew Scripture."2 Armin Lange engages with a question that Emanuel often hints to in his work but has treated only once in a full-length study, i.e. the question of the Emanuel: Studies in the Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Ema­ nuel Τον (ed. S. Paul, R. A. Kraft, L. H. Schiffman, and W. W. Fields; VTSup 94; Leiden: Brill, 2003). 2 P. 28 in the present volume. textual standardization of the Hebrew Bible.3 Lange shows that efforts towards a textual standardization of the books collected in the Hebrew Bible respond to the standardized texts of the Graeco-Roman classics in the Hellenistic world. These efforts towards textual standardization of various Jewish scriptures began somewhat earlier in Egyptian Judaism than in Ju- dah itself. After the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in 70 CE, Judaism had a standard text at hand which allowed for the exegetical work of the Rabbis and developed into the Masoretic Text of the Middle Ages. Josef M. Oesch focuses on one aspect of Emanuel's work on the scribal practices of ancient Judaism, i.e. the textgraphical structures of manuscripts of Jewish scriptures. He compares the textgraphical structures of the Penta­ teuch manuscripts among the Dead Sea Scrolls with the list of Petuchot and Setumot by Maimonides, the Codex Leningradiensis, the Samaritan Penta­ teuch and the LXX codices Alexandrinus and Vaticanus. Both the Samari­ tan and the Masoretic textgraphical systems of structuring texts have pre­ cursors among the Dead Sea Scrolls. But next to textgraphical agreements between medieval MT and SP manuscripts on the one hand and the Dead Sea Scrolls on the other hand significant textgraphical variation can be found. Similar observations can be made for the Greek codices. Friedrich V. Reiterer develops a methodology for the identification of the Urtext of the book of Ecclesiasticus. Réitérer emphasizes that the rule of lectio difficilior should be neglected. More important are agreements be­ tween several Hebrew and non-Hebrew witnesses as well as grammatical and stylistic observations. His study further shows that several variants of the text of Ecclesiasticus go back to its original author. It seems as if Ben Sira himself produced more than one text of his book. Hermann-Josef Stipp compares the premasoretic revisions of the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel with each other. His study shows that both revi­ sions employ different approaches to their Vorlagen. The ideolectic rhetoric of the two revisions does not overlap. In the pre-Masoretic revision of Eze­ kiel, idiolectic language is often concentrated in short text passages while it is widespread in the pre-Masoretic Jeremiah revision. Futhermore, the pre- Masoretic revision of Ezekiel attests to signficantly smaller extensions than the one of Jeremiah. Stipp's result questions recent ideas about a shared redaction history of the Hebrew Bible's later prophets. The contribution of Hanna Tervanotko deals with a special aspect of an important text from Qumran which was published by Emanuel. She reads 3 Ε. Τον, "The History and Significance of a Standard Text of the Hebrew Bible," in Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation, vol. 1: From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300)· part 1: Antiquity (ed. M. Saebo; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996), 48-66. the extended song of Miriam in 4Q365 6a II + 6c, 1-7 in the context of the ancient Jewish reception history of the figure of Miriam. These seven lines indicate that the figure of Miriam was considered as an appropriate charac­ ter to deliver its expanded theological message. The Song of Miriam pre­ served in 4Q365 is not a simple remake of the Song of Moses in Exod 15:1-19 but draws on other Miriam traditions as well. It portrays Miriam as a more autonomous figure, who does not simply repeat the Song of Moses. Emanuel's great interest in the Masoretic text is reflected in the contribu­ tion of Kevin Trompelt. He asks for the textcritical significance of Masoret­ ic vocalizations and accentuations in the Book of Isaiah. Differences be­ tween the Masoretic vocalizations and accentuations of Isa 10:1 and 29:3 point to different medieval textual traditions. The article of Jozsef Zsengellér responds to Emanuel's interest in the Samaritan Penteteuch. Zsengellér underlines the historical and textcritical value of the Samaritan Pentateuch and argues for the need of a new critical edition of this important textual witness of the Pentateuch. Unless otherwise indicated, abbreviations follow The SBL Handbook of Style: For Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies (ed. P. H. Alexander et al.; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1999). At the end of this preface it is a pleasant obligation to us to express our gratitude to those who made the 2006 Vienna meeting and the publication of its contributions possible. We are indebted to the University of Vienna which provided funding for the 2006 meeting. The symposium itself would not have been possible without the support of Ms. Dara Fischer, the secre­ tary of the Vienna Institute of Jewish Studies, who supported us during our meeting. We are also obliged to Mr. Jörg Persch and Ms. Tina Grummel of the publishing house Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht and the editors of For­ schungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments for publishing our volume. Vienna and Budapest, March 2009 Armin Lange Matthias Weigold Jozsef Zsengellér Emanuel Τον (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) The Many Forms of Hebrew Scripture Reflections in Light of the LXX and 4QReworked Pentateuch 1. Background In modern society, the Bible has many faces both in Hebrew and in transla­ tion, but they all present more or less the same content.
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