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NOTE: INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK (SSC COVER) NOTE: INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK (SSC INSIDE COVER) Member Agencies: Address Correspondence to: American Bureau of Shipping COMMANDANT (CG-5212/SSC) Defence Research and Development Canada ATTN (EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/SHIP Maritime Administration STRUCTURE COMMITTEE) Military Sealift Command US COAST GUARD Naval Sea Systems Command 2100 2ND ST SW STOP 7126 Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers WASHINGTON DC 20593-7126 Transport Canada Website: http://www.shipstructure.org United States Coast Guard Ship Structure Committee SSC – ### SR – #### MONTH DAY, YEAR TITLE Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc dolor massa, tincidunt ultrices congue scelerisque, tempor sit amet orci. Aenean velit nulla, elementum bibendum scelerisque sed, dapibus ac eros. Pellentesque a ligula magna, vel molestie elit. Aenean vel nisi augue, non elementum felis. Morbi convallis volutpat iaculis. Fusce aliquet dui interdum sem congue non malesuada risus porttitor. Donec libero mi, vehicula et lobortis ultricies, accumsan ut nunc. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Vivamus diam odio, euismod vel volutpat sed, sodales eget eros. Aenean dolor est, imperdiet sed elementum suscipit, posuere sed sem. Nam tellus tortor, adipiscing ut iaculis id, eleifend sit amet lorem. Donec justo lectus, pellentesque ut pellentesque nec, hendrerit eu ligula. Vestibulum iaculis libero eget ipsum consectetur a venenatis velit malesuada. Suspendisse fermentum eleifend gravida. Aenean sed magna diam, vitae faucibus lorem. Aliquam leo elit, ornare vitae luctus in, blandit in leo. Nullam vel lobortis libero. Etiam non tortor id tellus volutpat ultricies. Vestibulum sollicitudin viverra odio, sollicitudin aliquet quam gravida nec. Suspendisse fermentum condimentum mollis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin urna sem, facilisis ac pharetra sed, posuere eget lacus. Proin lorem lacus, varius ut posuere at, suscipit ut lectus. Donec rutrum suscipit enim. Suspendisse at semper ante. BRIAN M. SALERNO THOMAS ECCLES Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral, U.S. NAVSEA 05P Co-Chairman, Ship Structure Committee Co-Chairman, Ship Structure Committee DAY MONTH YEAR SSC ### i NOTE: INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK (BLANK PAGE) DAY MONTH YEAR SSC ### ii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient‘s Catalog No. SSC- 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. SR- 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No. 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered COMMANDANT (CG-5212/SSC) Final Report ATTN (EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE) US COAST GUARD 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 2100 2ND ST SW STOP 7126 CG-5 WASHINGTON DC 20593-7126 15. Supplementary Notes Sponsored by the Ship Structure Committee. Jointly funded by its member agencies. 16. Abstract 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Distribution is available to the public through: National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Springfield, VA 22151 Ph. (703) 487-4650 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified DAY MONTH YEAR SSC ### iii CONVERSION FACTORS (Approximate conversions to metric measures) To convert from to Function Value LENGTH inches meters divide by 39.3701 inches millimeters multiply by 25.4000 feet meters divide by 3.2808 VOLUME cubic feet cubic meters divide by 35.3149 cubic inches cubic meters divide by 61,024 SECTION MODULUS inches2 feet2 centimeters2 meters2 multiply by 1.9665 inches2 feet2 centimeters3 multiply by 196.6448 inches4 centimeters3 multiply by 16.3871 MOMENT OF INERTIA inches2 feet2 centimeters2 meters divide by 1.6684 inches2 feet2 centimeters4 multiply by 5993.73 inches4 centimeters4 multiply by 41.623 FORCE OR MASS long tons tonne multiply by 1.0160 long tons kilograms multiply by 1016.047 pounds tonnes divide by 2204.62 pounds kilograms divide by 2.2046 pounds Newtons multiply by 4.4482 PRESSURE OR STRESS pounds/inch2 Newtons/meter2 (Pascals) multiply by 6894.757 kilo pounds/inch2 mega Newtons/meter2 multiply by 6.8947 (mega Pascals) BENDING OR TORQUE foot tons meter tons divide by 3.2291 foot pounds kilogram meters divide by 7.23285 foot pounds Newton meters multiply by 1.35582 ENERGY foot pounds Joules multiply by 1.355826 STRESS INTENSITY kilo pound/inch2 inch½(ksi in) mega Newton MNm3/2 multiply by 1.0998 J-INTEGRAL kilo pound/inch Joules/mm2 multiply by 0.1753 kilo pound/inch kilo Joules/m2 multiply by 175.3 DAY MONTH YEAR SSC ### iv Table of Contents Technical Report Documentation Page ....................................................................................................................... iii Conversion Factors .......................................................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................................... v List of Illustrations........................................................................................................................................................ix List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols ............................................................................................................................... x Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Referenced Documents ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1. International Maritime Organization ............................................................................................................ 1 2.2. American Bureau of Shipping ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.3. Det Norske Veritas ....................................................................................................................................... 1 3. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1. Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 3.2. Historical Perspective................................................................................................................................... 1 3.3. Design Considerations ................................................................................................................................. 2 3.3.1. Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................. 2 3.3.2. Fracture................................................................................................................................................ 2 3.3.3. Corrosion ............................................................................................................................................. 2 3.4. Design Manual Organization ....................................................................................................................... 2 4. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ........................................................................................................................ 2 4.1. Aluminum Properties ................................................................................................................................... 2 4.2. Considerations .............................................................................................................................................. 2 4.3. Alloying Elements ........................................................................................................................................ 2 4.3.1. Chromium (Cr) .................................................................................................................................... 2 4.3.2. Copper (Cu) ......................................................................................................................................... 3 4.3.3. Magnesium (Mg) ................................................................................................................................. 3 4.3.4. Manganese (Mn).................................................................................................................................. 3 4.3.5. Scandium (Sc) ..................................................................................................................................... 3 4.3.6. Silicon (Si) ..........................................................................................................................................