Engine Block Materials and Its Production Processes
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Simulation Analysis of Porthole Die Extrusion Process and Die Structure Modifications for an Aluminum Profile with High Length–Width Ratio and Small Cavity
materials Article Simulation Analysis of Porthole Die Extrusion Process and Die Structure Modifications for an Aluminum Profile with High Length–Width Ratio and Small Cavity Zhiwen Liu 1,2,* ID , Luoxing Li 2,*, Shikang Li 2, Jie Yi 2 and Guan Wang 2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (G.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (L.L.); Tel.: +86-734-857-8031 (Z.L.); +86-731-88-821-571 (L.L.) Received: 26 July 2018; Accepted: 20 August 2018; Published: 23 August 2018 Abstract: The design of a porthole die is one of the key technologies for producing aluminum profiles. For an aluminum profile with high length–width ratio and small cavity, it is difficult to control the metal flow through porthole die with the same velocity to ensure the die’s strength. In the present study, the porthole die extrusion process of aluminum profile with small cavity was simulated using HyperXtrude 13.0 software based on ALE formulation. The simulation results show for the traditional design scheme, the metal flow velocity in porthole die at every stage was severely not uniform. The standard deviation of the velocity (SDV) at the die exit was 19.63 mm/s. The maximum displacement in the small mandrel was 0.0925 mm. Then, aiming at achieving a uniform flow velocity and enough die strength, three kinds of die structure modifications for the porthole die were proposed. -
Mean Value Modelling of a Poppet Valve EGR-System
Mean value modelling of a poppet valve EGR-system Master’s thesis performed in Vehicular Systems by Claes Ericson Reg nr: LiTH-ISY-EX-3543-2004 14th June 2004 Mean value modelling of a poppet valve EGR-system Master’s thesis performed in Vehicular Systems, Dept. of Electrical Engineering at Linkopings¨ universitet by Claes Ericson Reg nr: LiTH-ISY-EX-3543-2004 Supervisor: Jesper Ritzen,´ M.Sc. Scania CV AB Mattias Nyberg, Ph.D. Scania CV AB Johan Wahlstrom,¨ M.Sc. Linkopings¨ universitet Examiner: Associate Professor Lars Eriksson Linkopings¨ universitet Linkoping,¨ 14th June 2004 Avdelning, Institution Datum Division, Department Date Vehicular Systems, Dept. of Electrical Engineering 14th June 2004 581 83 Linkoping¨ Sprak˚ Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category — ¤ Svenska/Swedish ¤ Licentiatavhandling ISRN ¤ Engelska/English ££ ¤ Examensarbete LITH-ISY-EX-3543-2004 ¤ C-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN ¤ D-uppsats Title of series, numbering — ¤ ¤ Ovrig¨ rapport ¤ URL for¨ elektronisk version http://www.vehicular.isy.liu.se http://www.ep.liu.se/exjobb/isy/2004/3543/ Titel Medelvardesmodellering¨ av EGR-system med tallriksventil Title Mean value modelling of a poppet valve EGR-system Forfattare¨ Claes Ericson Author Sammanfattning Abstract Because of new emission and on board diagnostics legislations, heavy truck manufacturers are facing new challenges when it comes to improving the en- gines and the control software. Accurate and real time executable engine models are essential in this work. One successful way of lowering the NOx emissions is to use Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). The objective of this thesis is to create a mean value model for Scania’s next generation EGR system consisting of a poppet valve and a two stage cooler. -
January Cover.Indd
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Portland Daily Press: April 18, 1898
PORTLAND DAILY PRESS. ESTABLISHED JUNE 23, 18B2-VOL.35. PORTLAND, MAINE, MONDAY MORNINg”" APRIL 18, 1898. PRICE THREE CENTS^^ ■ .. —i^——... MISCELLANEOUS._ _ MANILA PANIC STRIKEN. THE HOUSE MAY NOT YIELD. SITUATION GRAVE. London, April 18.— A special dispatch from Singa- pore says that the steamship Leo XIII from Manila, has (Special to the Press.) arrived there crowded with Spanish officials anti well to Washington D. c„ April 17.-The situation here do families, who are escaping from the rebel- foeai^ it is Spanish very critical so i’ar as tomorrow's ac- Makes lion which is spreading rapidly in the 110,1 01 ,lle Rouse | Thillipines. They is concerned. There is great report that Manila is panic strikcn. anger that a section of Republicans may vote with I*®mo<:r”ts £t)r Stomachs J"le concurrence in the Senate resolutions. Reed I he Republican | Speaker Confident It Will leaders understand this, and have been actively at work today forming the party lines to stand by ! Over. the Rouse resolution. The Senate INVOKED. resolution is con- DEUS EX MACHINA sidered most ♦ Through the unwise and fraught with troubles for the spurs LAST Stand First future. Ills stomach it builds HOPE. Action. that all Will Save thought of the New J The Only Thins Which Spain- by England con- ♦ the anew. will stand body from War. gressmen by the House resolutions ♦ The ards tomorrow, stomach is although some of the New cleansed and England senators, especially £ Eodgc, Frye and Chandler voted ♦ strengthened, London, April 18.—The Madrid corre- with the “war at once” T the of the Times telegraphing Sun- party in the Senate last night, ft was digestive spondent Autonomists Start for Conference t thought that the fluids are in- House resolutions were X day says: very radical when they passed, ♦ creased, appetite is made keen 4 “In official circles today there is an with but every one looks to them now as and Cubans. -
Section 02 - Block Basics
Block Basics – Section 2 Section 02 - Block Basics 2.0 Small Block 330 & 350 Block Key Differences. The key differences between the 330 and 350 are the 350’s larger bore and the Generation 1 Cast Iron Small Block V-8 Facts 330’s forged crank. General. In 1964 Olds replaced their small block 215 V8 with 1964 – 1966 Valve Lifter Angle. All 1964–1966 blocks used a a cast iron block of completely new design. The 330 V-8 different valve lifter angle of attack on the cam (45). Thus shared none of its engine block architecture with that of the 1964–1966 330 blocks CANNOT USE 1967 AND LATER 215 V-8 and the 225 V-6 sourced from Buick. The engine CAMS. All 1964–1966 cams WILL NOT WORK in 1967 and was no longer aluminum, but cast iron, as weight became later blocks. Later blocks used a 39 lifter angle. Blocks with less of a factor with the engine going into both the larger a “1” or “1A” cast up near the oil filler tube used the 45 lifter mid-sized F-85s, Cutlasses and the full-size Jetstars angle and should be avoided, if possible. introduced in that year. The engine was designed as a replacement for the 215, but was cast iron and enlarged in Early 330 Rocker Arms. The first run of 330 blocks was anticipation of the growth in size of the mid-size cars, where equipped with rocker arms similar to the previous 394 block it was to be primarily used and as the workhorse for the that traces its heritage back to 1949. -
M/OD Hypervelocity Impacts and Protection Research in CAST
2010 Beijing Orbital Debris Mitigation Workshop 18-19 October, 2010, Beihang University M/OD Hypervelocity Impacts and Protection Research in CAST Zizheng Gong PhD, Professor Leading Scientist of hypervelocity impact research Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology(CAST), China China Academy of Space Technology(CAST) • Founded in February 20, 1968 ; • The first president: Chien Hsuch-Sen; • The largest space technology research center in China • The largest Spacecraft development, production base in China. • April 24, 1970 : Chinese first artificial Earth satellite – DFH-1; • October 2003: manned spacecraft – Shenzhou-5; • October 24, 2007: Chinese first lunar detector – Chang'E-1 ; • September 25, 2008: the first Extravehicular activity – Shenzhou-7. • October 1,2010,the second lunar detector Chang'E-2 • Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering • The Spacecraft Environment Engineering department of CAST. Outline §1 Space Debris Environment and Its Risks §2 Space Debris Modeling §3 Orbital Debris impact Risk Assessment in CAST §4 HVI Testing and M/OD Protection in CAST §5 Orbital Debris Mitigation in CAST 2010 Beijing Orbital Debris Mitigation Workshop 18-19 October, 2010, Beihang University § 1 Space Debris Environment and Its Risks Orbital debris : Humankind digs his own grave ! Space debris are all man made objects including fragments and elements thereof, in Earth orbit or re-entering the atmosphere, that are non functional. Obtial debris is the only man-made Space environment. The past 50 years of space exploration has unfortunately generated a lot of junk that threatens the reliability of spacecraft. The Space Debris Environment in 2010 More than 5000 satellite launches since 1957 till the end of October 2010; 245 on-orbit break-ups led to 12,500 objects in the US Space Surveillance catalog; catalog size threshold 10cm; mass on orbit 6,000 tons; catalog orbit distributions: - low Earth orbits 73%; - near-geostationary orbits 8%; - highly eccentric orbits 10%; - other orbits (incl. -
SOLAS 2018 Consolidated Edition
SOLAS 2018 Consolidated Edition CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS PART A-APPLICATION, DEFINITIONS, ETC. Regulation 1 Application* * Refer to MSC-MEPC.5/Circ.8 on Unified interpretation of the application of regulations governed by the building contract date, the keel laying date and the delivery date for the requirements of the SOLAS and MARPOL Conventions. (a) Unless expressly provided otherwise, the present Regulations apply only to ships engaged on international voyages. (b) The classes of ships to which each Chapter applies are more precisely defined, and the extent of the application is shown, in each Chapter. Regulation 2 Definitions For the purpose of the present regulations, unless expressly provided otherwise: (a) Regulations means the regulations contained in the annex to the present Convention. (b) Administration means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. (c) Approved means approved by the Administration. (d) International voyage means a voyage from a country to which the present Convention applies to a port outside such country, or conversely. (e) A passenger is every person other than: 1 (i) the master and the members of the crew or other persons employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship on the business of that ship and (ii) a child under one year of age. (f) A passenger ship is a ship which carries more than twelve passengers. (g) A cargo ship is any ship which is not a passenger ship. (h) A tanker is a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of an inflammable* nature. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,950,587 Sattler Et Al
USOO5950587A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,950,587 Sattler et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 14, 1999 54 CONTINUOUSLY WARIABLE RUNNER 2682431-A1 4/1993 France. LENGTH MANIFOLD 3825000 A1 2/1989 Germany .......................... 123/184.55 60-224923 11/1985 Japan .................... ... 123/184.55 75 Inventors: Eric R. Sattler, Trenton; Joel S. 2239899 7/1991 United Kingdom ...... ... 123/184.55 Myers, Southgate; Michael J. Haspel, Westland, all of Mich. Primary Examiner Erick R. Solis 73 Assignee: BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, N.J. ASSistant Examiner Brian Hairston Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ryan W. Massey; James J. Drake 22 Filed: Jul. 22, 1998 A continuously variable runner length manifold is provided (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ FO2B 27/06 for an internal combustion engine. The continuously vari 52 U.S. Cl. .................. 123/184.55; 123/18453 able runner length manifold includes a housing having an 58 Field of Search ........................... 123/184.55, 18453 inlet port and a plurality of outlet ports defined by a plurality of Stacked manifold Sections. A plurality of runner members 56) References Cited are rotatably mounted within the housing. The runner mem bers include wall portions which combine with the housing U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS to define a plurality of runners in communication with a 4,619,226 10/1986 Ueda et al. ........................ 123s2 MB plenum and a respective one of the outlet ports. The runners 4,699,630 10/1987 Lee et al. ............................... 48/1801 have a length which is continuously variable upon rotation of the runner members relative to the housing. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 237755 A2 9/1987 European Pat. -
Compacted Graphite Iron for Diesel Engine Cylinder Blocks
Compacted Graphite Iron for Diesel Engine Cylinder Blocks Wilson Luiz Guesser, Dr Eng - Tupy Fundições and UDESC - Joinville, SC – Brazil – [email protected] Pedro Ventrela Duran, M Sc - Tupy Fundições - Joinville, SC – Brazil – [email protected] Walmor Krause, M Sc - Tupy Fundições - Joinville, SC – Brazil – [email protected] Abstract The recent trends in diesel engines are discussed, and also the consequences in materials selection for engine cylinder blocks. The increasing demand for higher specific power and the need for weight reduction and decrease of emissions require the use of stronger materials for cylinder blocks, opening a promising space for compacted graphite iron (CGI). The properties of CGI are described, in particular those required for engine cylinder blocks (fatigue strength and elastic modulus). Results of mechanical properties from actual castings are presented. As a result of the mechanical properties improvement, some design opportunities are suggested, in order to decrease the weight of the cylinder block. Keywords diesel engines, compacted graphite iron, cylinder blocks 1. Introduction: In a recent paper discussing CGI uses for engine cylinder blocks and heads, S. Dawson (2001) stated that “the Iron Age is just beginning” and we have taken this statement for the present paper. His point of view, added to those from Rizzo (2001), discloses the enormous CGI potential for manufacturing engine components, especially for diesel engines. The growth of diesel engines usage for passenger cars has been remarkable in Europe (see Fig. 1), especially after the introduction of the high-pressure common-rail technology (Buchholz, 2003). This growth is surrounded by requirements as: less fuel consumption, emissions reduction , larger power output and torque, and for passenger cars more compact engines are being required due to space limitations. -
Diving Deep Sea
DIVING DEEP SEA and the oceans to people. Visitors will experience the underwa- ter world close up and can discuss it right there on board,” says Salvador, who had previously worked in aerospace for six years. his submersible is a minor miracle that can reach the depths of the sea. It is a highly sensitive tool – a metal capsule, TOURISTS OF THE DEEP yet so ingeniously built that it can carry two people to the ocean The new submersible was pressure-tested on the open sea just bed, 11 kilometers down. The plant where it was serviced after a few days ago. It was a success. None of the interior fittings the successful Five Deeps Expedition is in San Cugat del Vallés have been put in yet. Metal, acrylic glass, and a massive, bolt- near Barcelona. Hector Salvador, general manager of the Span- ed-on porthole give clues to what it will eventually look like. ish branch of the American submersible manufacturer Triton Tourists will spend their leisure time travelling beneath the Submarines, is there when we arrive. He opens the door of the water in it at speeds of up to three knots (5.5 km/h). The loca- production facility and a loud roaring and hammering greets tion for building these submersibles is interesting: “When we us. Every step brings us closer to the beating heart of the plant started on Deep View back then, we looked for the best suppli- with its 15 workers. The latest Triton project is standing there on ers. Surprisingly, we found almost all of them right here around a pedestal: the body of Deep View 100/24. -
GM Engine Block
A Design Study in Aluminum Casting Aluminum Cylinder Block for General Motors Truck/SUV Engines Design Study Outline -- Introduction -- Designing for Performance Alloy Selection -- Lost Foam Casting Pattern Design Pattern Production Chevy Trailblazer Metal Casting -- Finishing and Quality Assurance -- Lessons Learned and Summary Start the Design Study ! Next Acknowledgment -- The metalcasting design studies are a joint effort of the American Foundry Society and the Steel Founders' Society of America. Project funding was provided by the American Metalcasting Consortium Project, which is sponsored by the Defense Logistics Agency, Attn: DLSC-T, Ft. Belvoir, VA, 22060-6221 Copyright 2004 by the American Foundry Society In cooperation with All rights reserved. GM Powertrain Casting Address comments to: [email protected] Return to AFS Last Modified:August, 2004 by STG Development Home Page A Design Study in Aluminum Castings - GM Cylinder Block Engines for GM SUVs and Trucks The Application -- In 2002 General Motors introduced a new family of Sport Utility Vehicles (Chevy Trailblazer, Buick Rainier and GMC Envoy). In 2004 a family of mid-sized trucks (Chevy Colorado and GMC Canyon) was introduced. ● With the higher vehicle weight and additional load capability, the engineering challenge was to upgrade the powertrain with improvements in power, torque, fuel economy, emissions, and NVH (noise, vibration, harshness ) performance, while keeping the vehicle cost affordable and the weight down. ● A comprehensive engineering study was done to select the best engine configuration, considering V-8, V-6, and Inline 6 designs. The study determined that the Inline design had the following advantages -- simplest design, lowest number of parts, inherently balanced, lowest cost, and best manufacturing flexibility. -
Variable Valve Trains
VARIABLE VALVE TRAINS THE EVOLVING ENGINE Pierburg GmbH Alfred-Pierburg-Straße 1 41460 Neuss Germany www.kspg.com “We’re WORKING ON TOMORROW’s DOUBLY COMPLEMEntaRY AUTOMOBILE ENGINE.” 4-5 UniValve and FlexValve Dr. Dirk Hunkel, Director Business Unit Variable Valve Train Systems, Pierburg GmbH PRECISION FOR HIGH RPM 6-7 UniValve – Design and Function Gasoline or diesel? For years, these arch- inside the combustion chamber while BOTH ROBUst AND VERsatILE 8-9 rivals have charged ahead along their keeping the impact on the fuel con- FlexValve – Design and Function independent respective development sumption to a minimum. The fact that paths, each chiding the other with its variability in the air handling system 715/2007/EG 10 -11 own technical advances. Each system provides advantages for both engines is You want to see it in black and white? has its strengths, but also its weakness- undisputed. But variable valve trains es. The stoichiometric gasoline engine offer even more potential. Keywords are THE EVOLUTION OF YOUR ENGINE 12-13 features a highly efficient and cost displacement on demand, scavenging We work with you to produce a bespoke design. effective after-treatment system thanks and engine braking. to its three-way catalytic converter. But “VaRIABLE VALVE TRAIN SYstEMS ARE NOT 14-17 the fuel consumption has to be im- We’d like to show you what variable SOMETHING YOU JUst GET OFF THE SHELF.” proved. Diesel engines, on the other valve train systems can do. And we’d An interview with Heinrich Dismon, CTO hand, have already reached a very high like to assist you with your decision, efficiency.