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ENGINEERING HISTORY PAPER #96 “The Many Sides of Robert F THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA and its member societies L'Institut canadien des ingénieurs et ses sociétés membres EIC’s Historical Notes and Papers Collection (Compilation of historical articles, notes and papers previously published as Articles, Reports, Working Papers or Journals) ENGINEERING HISTORY PAPER #96 “The Many Sides of Robert F. Legget” by Doug VanDine August 2020 *********************** EIC HISTORY AND ARCHIVES *********************** © EIC 2020 PO Box 40140, Ottawa ON K1V 0W8 +1 (613) 400-1786 / [email protected] / http://www.eic-ici.ca THE MANY SIDES OF ROBERT F. LEGGET Canadian Civil Engineer, Geologist and Historian by Doug VanDine August 2020 Based, in part, on Geotechnique in Canada; a Personal Memoir an unpublished manuscript by Robert F. Legget, 1983 Dedicated to Michael Bozozuk (1929-2020) Long-time colleague and good friend of Robert Legget Major contributor in various ways to the Canadian Geotechnical Society, the Canadian Foundation for Geotechnique and the Engineering Institute of Canada Cover photo: The two sides of the multi-faceted “Robert F. Legget Medal” that is presented annually by the Canadian Geotechnical Society and funded by the Canadian Foundation for Geotechnique. The medal was designed by Michael Bozozuk (photo source Canadian Foundation for Geotechnique). Robert F. Legget Page i Dr. Robert Ferguson Legget (1904-1994). Photo taken in his study at 531 Echo Drive, Ottawa, ON, associated with his receiving the 1989 Royal Bank Award (photo source Michel W. St-Louis) Robert F. Legget Page ii Robert F. Legget Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Ch Legget Memoir VanDine Additional Information Text Annotation Frontispiece and Dedication i - Table of Contents iii - Foreword v - 1 Introduction 1-1 1-4 2 The Legget Family 2-1 2-3 3 Early Years (1904-1922) 3-1 3-4 4 Special Note to the Reader and Apologia 4-1 4-4 5 Early Training (1922-1929) 5-1 5-4 6 University and London Years (1922-1929) 6-1 6-7 7 Canada Pre-ConferenceA (1929-1936) 7-1 7-7 8 First International Conference (1936) 8-1 8-4 9 Early Years in Canada (1929-1936) 9-1 9-9 10 Developments in [Eastern] Canada (1936-1939) 10-1 10-6 11 The War Years (1939-1945) 11-1 11-12 12 The Post-war Years (1945-1947) 12-1 12-8 13 University Years in Canada (1936-1947) 13-1 13-12 14 Ottawa (1947 and On) 14-1 14-8 The Associate Committee B 15-1 15-24 Track Studies 15-8 15-27 Snow Studies 15-10 15-30 Muskeg Studies 15-11 15-33 15 Permafrost Studies 15-12 15-33 Soil Mechanics Studies 15-13 15-34 Associate Committee: Operations 15-14 15-34 Associate Committees in General 15-22 15-38 Division of Building Research Years 16 16-1 16-15 (1947-1969) 17 L’Envoi 17-1 17-3 18 Appendices 18-1 18-13 Appendix A: Account of the First Conference from the 18-2 - Engineering Journal Appendix B: [The Associate Committee; an Outside View] 18-9 - Appendix C: A Note on Early Workers in Canada 18-11 - continued… A International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, held at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, June 22-26, 1936. With subsequent conferences, this became known as the first conference. B The Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics of the National Research Council. It was renamed the Associate Committee on Geotechnical Research in 1965. Robert F. Legget Page iv Page Ch Legget Memoir VanDine Additional Information Text Annotation 19 [Supplement (written May 1983)] 19-1 19-5 20 “Retirement” Years (1969-1994) 20-1 20-16 21 The Legget Legacy 21-1 21-7 22 Legget: His Mentors; A Mentor 22-1 - 23 Legget’s Writing and Selected Bibliography 23-1 - 24 Sources of Information and References 24-1 - 25 Acknowledgements 25-1 - Robert F. Legget Page v FOREWORD Dr. Robert F. Legget gave a presentation to the Edmonton geotechnical group in the early 1980s that I attended as a University of Alberta graduate student. My memory is vague on the details of the talk, but I remember the man well: wearing a dark blazer featuring the coat of arms of his alma mater, speaking clearly without any slides and pointing to the wall behind him to guide our imagination. He held me and the rest of his audience captive and made an impression on many of us. Years passed and in October of 1997 I attended my first Canadian Geotechnical Conference. It was the 50th “Golden Jubilee” conference held in Ottawa. A highlight for me was when many of us walked from the Chateau Laurier to a location beside the Rideau Canal for the unveiling of the Legget Memorial Monument. One memory of that ceremony that stands out is my learning that the concrete in the monument contained pieces of rock contributed by Legget’s many friends from all over the world. Those pieces ranged from foundations of dams to pieces of rock that had been transported by an avalanche. The significance of this tribute, in a way both geological and human, still resonates with me. Over the years, I gained additional insights into Legget’s life and his many contributions to geotechnique and engineering history in Canada. After reading Doug VanDine’s The Many Sides of Robert F. Legget, however, it became obvious how incomplete my knowledge of the man was. Using Legget’s 1983 memoir as a starting point and with additional material obtained through dedicated research, Doug brings us the most complete account of Legget’s life and career to date. From mostly unpublished documents in several archives, correspondence with sources in Canada and the UK, and memories from selected individuals, Doug answers many of the questions and fills in many of the gaps in Legget’s memoir. Doug’s added chapters, together with his many annotations, and the photographs he has found, bring to life several notable people, places and projects, in addition to his main character. This book describes Legget’s life and contributions thoroughly and portrays the early days of geotechnique in Canada as he saw it. It highlights many of the qualities of Legget: his exceptional work ethic, his leadership and foresight, his ability to make and keep friends and his dedicated mentorship of young professionals. Legget authored, co-authored and edited more than 500 publications on a variety of topics—without the help of technologies we now take for granted and at a time when the pressure and financial incentives to be published were far less. I believe this to be illustrative of a man determined to document his experiences and thoughts for the benefit of others, a practice he continued right up to the end of his life. As noted in connection with Legget’s appointment to the Order of Canada in 1967, he was someone who “enriched the lives of others and made a difference to the country.” He was one of the giants in the geotechnical field on whose shoulders we stand. Robert F. Legget Page vi On behalf of the Canadian Geotechnical Society Heritage Committee, I thank Doug for this wonderful description of Robert Legget. Doug’s book provides us insights into the roots, relationships and life work of a man who helped Canada build its reputation as a leader in geotechnique, and a man who rightly deserves to be considered one the “Fathers of Canadian Geotechnique.” Heinrich Heinz, Canmore, AB Chair, Canadian Geotechnical Society Heritage Committee, July 2020 Introduction Page 1-1 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Most Canadians will not know the name of Robert Ferguson Legget, but all our lives have been enriched by this man and his work. Some who live in the Ottawa area may know his name because he lived and worked there for most of his career and wrote about the area. Others with an interest in the history of canals, railways, engineering or geology may also know him through his books and publications. Those associated with the geotechnical profession in Canada and the national building and fire codes of Canada should know his name because of the tremendous contributions he made to their fields. Legget (1904-1994) was educated in England as a civil engineer and is considered one of the “Fathers of Canadian Geotechnique.”1 The Canadian Geotechnical Society’s most prestigious award is named after him. As the founding Director of the National Research Council’s Division of Building Research, Legget was instrumental in initiating geotechnical research and organizing the geotechnical profession at the national level. In that position he also introduced safe building practices to Canada,2 that included the development of the National Building Code of Canada and the National Fire Code of Canada, updated versions of which are still in use today. His avocation was history, especially the history of canals, railways, engineering and geology. Legget was an accomplished and prodigious writer and an engaging public speaker. He wrote numerous books and hundreds of articles and papers and lectured widely. In 1981, the Canadian Geotechnical Society asked Jack Clark, then past president of the society, to chair a small committee to consider the best way to record the history of the geotechnical profession in Canada. Clark reported back that an effective way to tell the story would be by interviewing Legget, Robert Hardy of the University of Alberta,3 and a few other selected individuals and preparing a book highlighting their recollections. Hardy (left) and Legget. Photo taken in Edmonton in May 1983. Legget is wearing a blazer with the coat of arms of his alma mater, the University of Liverpool.
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