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Proquest Dissertations Joyce Mansour's poetics: A discourse of plurality by a second-generation surrealist poet Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bachmann, Dominique Groslier Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 06:15:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280687 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 JOYCE MAJSrSOUR'S POETICS:. A DISCOURSE OF PLURALITY BY A SECOND-GENERATION SURREALIST POET by Dominique Groslier Bachmann Copyright ® Dominique Groslier Bachmann A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF FRENCH AND ITALIAN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN FRENCH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2001 UMI Number: 3016460 Copyright 2001 by Bachmann, Dominique Groslier All rights reserved. UMI® UMI Microform 3016460 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of th« Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Dominique Groslier Bachmann entitled Joyce Wansoxor's Poetics: A Disccurse of Plurality by a Seconca-Generation Surrealist Poet and recommend thst it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for m:he Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ^,/^^ . Dr. Robert Ariew ^ . Dat? ^ ^ aT-^<LLf, ^ / / / Oj Dr. Juli^A. c:j:^cy-?Smith Date ! foi Dr. Jonat±nan Beck Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College- I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. //I Dissertation Director Dater A t 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been siibmitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 In Memory of Dr. Carolyn Fowler axid To Stuart 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 7 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Biographical Elements 9 1.2 Critical Approaches 15 CHAPTER II: HISTORICAL CONTEXT 4 9 2.1 Andre Breton and Surrealism 4 9 2.1.1 Breton: The Mind Behind the Movement . .50 2.1.2 1919-1930: First and Second Manifestoes . 51 2.1.3 1930-35: Dali and The Third Manifesto . 62 2.2 Women am.d Surrealism 8 0 2.2.1 Precursors of Surrealism 83 2.2.2 The Twenties 88 2.2.3 The Thirties and the Forties 90 2.2.4 The Cold War Years (1946-1959) 97 2.2.5 The Sixties: Resurgence of Surrealism . 101 CHAPTER III: COLLAGE AND EGYPTIAN MYTHS 107 3.1 Collage 107 3.1.1 The Technique of Collage in the Visual Arts and Its Impact on Literary Production 107 3.1.2 Eroticism and Transgressive Literature 122 3.1.3 Joyce Mansour's Erotic Collage .... 128 3.2 Egyptian Myths: A Device for Self-regeneration 154 3.2.1 Cultural Function 158 3.2.2 Sociological Function 165 3.3.3 Pedagogical Function in Mansour's Poetry 173 CHAPTER IV: ARCHETYPES AND SUBJECTIVITY 199 4.1 Archetypal Images and Poetry 19 9 4.2 Jving's Theoretical Approach to Archetypes . 2 07 4.2.1 The Collective Unconscious 207 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued 4.2.2 'Anima' and 'Animus' 218 4.3 Azmis Pratt and The Mother Archetype 225 4.4 Archetypal Images in Mauisour's Poetry .... 239 CHAPTER V: MANSOHR'S PRONOMINAL PLAY 254 5.1 Mansour's Pronominal Play: A Universal Voice . 257 5.2 lie I Manifestation of a subjective identity . 2 67 CONCLUSION 295 APPENDIX A: ENTRY OF BIRTH 310 REFERENCES 312 7 ABSTRACT Interest in Joyce Mansour has centered mostly on the ambiguity and the lack of "sixbjective identity" in her poetic works. This dissertation proposes to investigate that notion and demonstrates that Mansour's discourse is that of a woman poet's assertive, complex, and universal voice in the realm of post-surrealism. Chapter 1 introduces Mansour's poetic corpus, and provides the theoretical approach of our study in view of various critics' interpretations of Joyce Mansour's lack of "subjective identity," as well as other recent, more positive readings of her literary production. Chapter 2 provides pertinent information about the surrealist movement and its founder, Andre Breton. It also considers the role of women and their artistic contribution to the movement. Chapter 3 expounds on the uniqueness of Mansour's assertive voice via the technique of poetic-collage, and highlights the function of eroticism as a liberating force. Georges Bataille's study of Eroticism in literature and surrealism contributes to our study. This chapter also recognizes Mansour's use of Egyptian myths as one of the pillars of her narrative 8 structure. It will show that the poet favors a language of self-regeneration in which the dichotomies between light versus dark, and life versus death are underscored. Chapter 4 explores the role of archetypal images in Mansour's poetry. While the Mother archetypal images demonstrate the universality of her poetry, the Jungian concept of a collective unconscious further clarifies Mansour's poetic discourse. An analysis of archetypes in women's literature contributes to the identification of other archetypes(the Devil, God, and Aphrodite) present in Mansour's discourse. Chapter 5 acknowledges Mansour's pronominal gender play. Monique Wittig's approach to gender theories and our textual concordances of Mansour's poems will provide the underlying theory for discussion. The conclusion supports the notion that Mansour's discourse of plurality is that of a woman who, fearful of humanity's inevitable fate, confronted death through a literary exuberance that became her identity and personal signature. Our conclusion reveals the existence of two texts that are not part of Mansour's published collection. These texts contribute to a better understanding of Mansour's literary contribution. 9 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Biographical Elements Joyce Mansour was born 25 July 1928 in Bowden, a small town in the Sub-district of Altrincham, County of Chester, situated in Northwest England. Her parents, Emile David Ades and Nelly Nadia Ades (also foirm.erly Ades, which indicates that they may have been cousins) were Egyptian merchants whose family originated in Syria. She was born at Dingle Bank, East Downs Road, Bowden. Her parents' permanent residence was in Cairo, at 6 rue Sheik±i Arbein, Kasr Dobara.^ The daughter of a wealthy shipping merchant, Joyce Mansour spent most of her time in Egypt before she established herself in Fran.ce: Elle passe son enfance dans le milieu de la communaute anglophone, au Caire, villa cosmopolite et multilingue. Apres la perte tragique de son premier mari, a un tres jeune age, qui la laisse ^U.K. General Register Office: Register of Births, 1928, no. 130, Sub-district of Altrincham, County of Chester, Bucklow Registration District. See copy of Certified Copy in Appendix. 10 veuve a 19 ans, elle epouse Samire Mansour et s'installe avec lui a Paris vers la fin des annees 1940. Elle y vit jusqu'a sa raort en 1986.^ Joyce Mansour was beautiful, multi-talented, exotic, and very much a myth: II en est d'elle comme des pyramides qui font coexister une realite de reve et une realite de fantasme...Dans 1'imaginaire de la critique, la beaute orientale de la poetesse se confond avec celle du reve de sable et du feu egyptienJ Mansour's oeuvre v/as born from a
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