Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) FOR GARE IV/6 COAL BLOCK, MAND- RAIGARH COALFIELD FOR JINDAL STEEL AND POWER LIMITED. (EXTENT 381.42 HA)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Jindal Steel & Power Limited and Nalwa Sponge Iron Limited, registered under Companies Act, 1956 have been allotted by Central Government for mining coal from Gare-IV/6 Block and supply it on an exclusive basis to JSPL for DRI manufacture near Raigarh which is about 50 km and 40 km respectively from the coal block. Mining lease has been acquired for the period of thirty years.
The total mine lease area is 381.42 Ha (942.526 acres), which lies within the villages Lamdarha, Saraitola, Gare, Khamharia and Karwahi. Out of 381.42 Ha, 93.64 Ha is forest land designated as Chhote jhad ke jungle and Bade jhad ke jungle (Unclassified forest).
1.2 Location and Communication
The Gare sector is located in Gharghoda tehsil of Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh state. The district headquarter, Raigarh, is situated southwest of Gare-IV/6 sub-block at a distance of about 45km. The ML area is located between latitude 22° 08’ 04” to 22° 09’ 48” N and longitude 83° 29’ 07” to 83° 30’ 24” E. The leasehold area forms part of Survey of India, toposheet No. 64 N/12. The location of the area is shown in Fig 1.
Mand-Raigarh coalfield is well connected by National/State Highways from Bilaspur, Raigarh and Ranchi with Trijunction at Dharamjaygarh, located in the northern part of the coalfield. Bilaspur and Raigarh towns are connected by National Highway No. 200. Dharamjaygarh-Raigarh (State Highway No. 1) and Dharamjaygarh-Kharsia (State Highway No. 23) roads pass through the coalfield. The nearest Railway station is Raigarh on Bombay - Howrah broad gauge main line via Nagpur, which is about 45 km from the ML. The nearest airport is Raipur. It is about 215 km towards southwest from the project site.
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 1 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
Fig 1 : Location map
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 2 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
1.3 Coal requirement
The total coal requirement for the existing and proposed DRI Plants of JSPL and Nalwa Sponge Iron Ltd. is 9.00 MTPA. The break up of the above capacity and related annual requirement of coal is given below in Table 1.
TABLE 1 COAL REQUIREMENT Sl. Existing Expansion Total Plant MTPA No. JSPL Nalwa MTPA MTPA MTPA 1 DRI Capacity 0.65 0.66 0.373 1.683
2 Clean coal (25% ash on 0.91 0.924 0.522 2.356 equilibrated basis at 5.5%moisture or 26.5% on dry basis ) required @ 1.4 Te per tonne of DRI 3 ROM Coal required at 26% yield. 3.499 3.553 2.007 9.06 (say 9.00)
The ROM coal capacity of the mines will be about 9.00 MTPA, out of which 5.00 MTPA will be obtained from Gare IV/1and remaining 4 MTPA from Gare IV/6. The lower most grade considered for mining is grade ‘G’ which has UHV more than 1300 Kcal/kg. The insitu coal being mostly grade G followed by grade F and E, the ROM is expected to give mix of E, F and G.
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Geological reserves
The seam-wise and category-wise reserves are given in Table 2.
TABLE 2 SEAM-WISE AND CATEGORY-WISE ‘NET’ GEOLOGICAL RESERVES (Reserves in million tonnes) Seam Category Proved Indicated Total A. Quarriable reserves (i) Proved IX 16.6404 16.6404 VIII 21.5056 21.5056 VII* 17.0146 17.0146 VI 18.8242 18.8242 Total (A) 73.9848 739848 B. Under ground reserves (i) Proved reserves IV 3.7272 3.7272 Total (i) 3.7272 3.7272
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 3 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
Seam Category Proved Indicated Total (ii) Indicated reserves IV 11.8361 11.8361 III 14.0073 14.0073 II 27.4714 27.4714 I 27.0704 27.0704 Total (ii) 80.3852 80.3852 Total Proved + 3.7272 80.3852 84.1124 Indicated (i & ii) Grand Total (A+B) 77.7120 80.3852 158.0972
2.2 Coal reserves
The seam-wise and grade-wise reserves are given in Table 3.
TABLE 3 SEAM-WISE AND GRADE-WISE GEOLOGICAL RESERVES Seam B C D E F G Total A. Quarriable reserves (i) Proved IX 13.9818 2.6585 16.6404 VIII 2.2311 19.2745 21.5056 VII* 17.0146 17.0146 VI 6.7936 12.0307 18.8242 Total (A) 13.9818 11.6832 48.3198 73.9848 % of Total Quarriable Reserves 18.90 15.79 65.31 100 B. Under Ground reserves (i) Proved IV 0.3092 3.4180 3.7272 Total proved (i) 0.3092 3.4180 3.7272 % of proved U/G 8.30 91.70 100 reserves (ii) Indicated Reserves IV 1.1361 10.6999 11.8361 III 2.0265 6.6842 5.2966 14.0073 II 0.1838 2.2710 25.0166 27.4714 I 14.3519 12.7185 27.0704 Total Indicated (ii) 14.5357 14.9895 27.0431 7.8203 15.9965 80.3852 % of Indicated UG 18.08 18.65 33.64 9.73 19.90 100 reserves Total prov. + Ind. 14.5357 14.9895 27.0431 8.1295 19.4145 84.1124 U/G Reserves (B) % of prov. Ind. 17.28 17.82 32.15 9.67 23.08 100 Reserves Grand Total of 14.5357 14.9895 27.0431 22.1113 31.0977 48.3198 158.0972 O/C+UG(A+B) % of Grand Total 9.19 9.48 17.11 13.99 19.67 30.56 100 reserves (OC+UG)
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 4 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
A total of 77.712 million tonnes of net ‘Proved’ reserves and 80.3852 million tonnes of ‘Indicated’ reserves of grades varying from B to G have been estimated in the entire block. While the reserves in respect of quarriable seams Viz. IX, VIII, VII and VI fall in the ‘Proved’ category, the same in respect of seam III, II and I with potentiality for underground mining fall in the 'Indicated' category. The reserves of seam IV, which too has underground potentiality, however, fall in both the ‘Proved’ and ‘Indicated’ categories. The reserves considered for quarriable proposition in seam IX, VIII, VII and VI amount to 73.98 MT. The remaining reserves of 84.1124 MT falling both under the ‘Proved’ and ‘Indicated’ category are amenable to underground mining.
2.3 Coal quality
The coal and OB computation upto VI seam is given in Table 4.
TABLE 4 COAL AND OVERBURDEN UPTO SEAM VI Sl.No. Description Coal MT OB Mcum OB: Coal 1. Net geological reserves vertically 73.98 175.33 below the ML boundary line 2. Reserves blocked in barrier (15 m 1.546 3.81 along nala, 7.5 m along other sides), 7.5 m along western boundary 3. Reserves vertically within outer pit 72.434 171.52 boundary excluding barrier 4. Blocked in quarry batter 2.57 16.35 5. Within quarry limits excluding batter 69.864 155.17 6. Mining losses (5%) 3.493 - 7. Extractable excluding mining losses 66.371 155.17 2.338
2.4 Mining method
Crawler mounted pneumatically operated down the hole drilling rigs will be used for drilling 200-250 mm dia drill holes in overburden. R.B.H drills will be used for drilling 110/115 mm dia holes in coal. After shot holes are drilled into the horizontal bench cut by the shovel, the faces are blasted using explosives and detonators. Coal is also extracted after blasting off the coal faces. The excavation shovels deployed for coal mining will be used for loading the coal at the face.
Large dia holes of 200-250 will be drilled in order to excavate on an average of 13.35 million BCM (Bank Cubic Metre of OB) per year. A powder factor of 0.30 to 0.35 kg per BCM has been adopted for overburden. The powder factor for coal has been adopted as 0.2 kg/m 3.
2.5 Transportation
The OB will be transported by 25/50 T R.D trucks to surface dumps and later on, as soon as decoaled area is available suitable for backfilling, to the
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 5 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
site of backfilling. The coal will be transported by 25 T R.D. trucks to the coal receiving pit/crusher and the proposed washery, at the pit head and the washed coal will be transported to the plant by the trucks. FE loading machines with 2.5 m 3 /6 m 3 coal bucket will load the coal into trucks for haulage to plant or railway station. All the coal produced from the mine will be directly transported to washing plant proposed to be established within the ML. The clean coal from the washing plant will be transported to the DRI plants.
2.6 Infrastructure
The mine design incorporates appropriate water gradients to allow the collection of water in sumps for which proper pumping arrangement will be done.
The mine project is located at a distance of 15 km to the west of the Tehsil town of Gharghoda. Dharamjaygarh-Raigarh (State Highway No. 1) and Dharamjaygarh-Kharsia (State Highway No. 23) roads pass through the coalfield and is capable of handling the throughput of coal. It is imperative to develop different site services such as office, explosive magazine, first aid centre, store room, staff quarters, rest sheds, blasting sheds, canteen within the lease area.
Power Supply
The power line of 33 KV has been drawn from Raigarh power station of JSPL to the local sub-station from where the power is supplied to the mine, township and other functional buildings. The main underground substation will receive power from surface substation through cable via the shaft/ drift at 6.6 KV, which will be stepped down by transformer to 550 V, required for most equipment in case of LHD use.
Water supply
Total requirement of water for mining and allied activities has been estimated as 446 m 3/day and will be supplied from bore well, and from pumping installation at mine sump and surface reservoir.
Manpower
The mine will have a total strength of 750. It will include skilled, unskilled worker, officials and supervisory staff for raising work, transport and processing etc.
During mining operation and its associated activities is anticipated to cause considerable adverse impacts on various environmental descriptors. Hence an Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out in line with the EIA Notification in which appropriate environmental management plan has been prepared. Besides, appropriate monitoring organisation and schedule has been charted out along with fiscal estimates.
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 6 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
3.0 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO
3.1 Topography, Drainage and Climate
Gare IV/6 is generally characterized by a gentle topography with slope towards Kelo river in the east. However, in the area adjacent to Kelo river and in the south-western part, the topography is relatively rugged due to the presence of nalas. The elevation of the area varies from 250 m in the south- eastern part near Kelo river to 284 m in the north-western part. The elevation in buffer zone range between 240 m and 640 m.
The proposed block occupies the part of catchment of Kelo river, which forms the main drainage of the study area. The general land slope of eastern part of the block is towards SE and that of western part is toward SW. The drainage is sub-parallel and dendritic in nature.
The climate of this region is mainly tropical type and is influenced to some extent by the conditions in Bay of Bengal. South-west monsoon season starts from May and extends upto October with total average annual rainfall of 1471.6 mm out of which about 90% of the rainfall can be observed in the monsoon season only. The summer is severe during May-June with temperature as high as 41.73 °C (max average in May). A pleasant winter prevails from December to January. The minimum average temperature recorded during December is 12.81 °C. The relative humidity varies from 27% in (May) to 85% (August).
3.2 Ecology and cropping pattern
The study area has a mixed feature of moist and dry deciduous type of forest. The forest type is categorised under North Indian Moist Deciduous Peninsular Sal Forest (3C/C2e) and Northern Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest (5B/C 2) as per the Indian forest classification of Champion and Seth. The forests are mainly of sal type, where the soil is derived from the parent rock. Soil is invariably deep sandy loam, brownish in colour and conductive to excellent growth of sal.
The local species are Shorea robusta (Sal), Mangifera indica (Mango), Terminalia chebula (Harida), Diospyros melanoxylon (Kendu) within the study area. The main species existing in the forest are Sal, Tendu, Mahua, Palas, Neem etc.
Due to biotic pressure, forest fire and overgrazing, the number of fauna seen in the study area is limited. Species, which are seen, are Pahadi mayna of birds category, Rock gecko of reptiles category and Sambar, Barking deer, Hare, Bear of mammals group. Schedule I species are Peafowl, monkey, Bear and Leopard in the buffer zone. Wild pig, wild dog, wild fox, Indian ring dove, common sparrow can be found as local species of the study area.
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About 52% of the study area belongs to the agricultural land category. Both (Rabi and Kharif) type of cropping practice is prevailing in this area and the type of crops includes paddy, ragi, green gram and black gram. Til, groundnut, mustard, jute, sugar cane etc are the major commercial crops grown in the study area. Banana and mango are the major fruits grown in this area.
3.3 Hydrological conditions
(a) Surface water
Kelo river is the main perennial surface water source or surface water body within the study area which forms the eastern boundary of the ML area. It ultimately drains into Mand river.
(b) Ground water
There are three types of hydrogeological units in the study area. The hard and compact pre-cambrian formations, consolidated and semi-consolidated Gondwana sandstones and unconsolidated alluvial sediments. The nature and occurrence of ground water thus varies depending upon the hydrological characters of these hydrogeological units. The water level in shallow aquifer varies between 2.81 to 10.6 m below the ground level during pre-monsoon season and it ranges between 0.5 to 4.05 m below ground during post-monsoon season.
3.4 Water quality
Ground water samples collected from ten locations showed the results as given in Table 5.
TABLE 5 SUMMARY OF WATER TEST RESULTS Sl. No. Parameters in mg/l Observed range, mg/l 1 pH 3.4-7.3 2 Total hardness 44-1056 3 Iron as Fe 0.14-0.62 4 Chloride as Cl 12-28 5 Dissolved solids 70-1260 6 Calcium as Ca 8.0-209.6 7 Sulphate as SO 4 2.9-90.6 8 Nitrate as NO 3 6.7-9.5 9 Fluoride as F 0.12-0.92
The pH of surface water lies between 6.7 and 7.7, Fe between 0.24 and 0.87 mg/l and Fluorides between 0.18 and 0.21 mg/l.
The review of chemical analysis data indicates that the ground water and surface water over the study area is more or less within the permitted limit of human consumption except for Gare IV/1 mine bore well where the pH is
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 8 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
lower than desirable limit. The mine sump water in Gare IV/1 mine has got very low pH and acidic which is much lower than even desirable limit.
3.5 Ambient air quality and noise level
The ambient air quality was studied at five locations. It is found that the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) varies from minimum of 89 µg/m 3 to 106 µg/m 3 and maximum values between 147 µg/m 3 to 161 µg/m 3. The 3 3 concentration of SO 2 varies between 5.7 µg/m to 8.1 µg/m where concentration of NOx varies between 6.9 µg/m 3 to 9.5 µg/m 3. The concentration of CO was always found below 1000 µg/m 3. The noise level recorded at various locations indicates that the average 24 hours Leq lies between 47.30 and 64.60 dB (A).
3.6 Land use pattern
a) Core Zone
The total area of 381 Ha. covering part of the three villages is mostly in the form of Pvt. agricultural land, Govt. waste land, Gochar land, Chotte/ Bade jhaad ke jungle etc. The break-up of the present land use is as given in Table 6.
TABLE 6 LAND USE PATTERN OF CORE ZONE Sl. No. Land use Area (hec) Percent 1 Private land 256.992 67.37 2 Govt. land 31.605 8.29 3 Forest land 92.823 24.34 Total 381.420 100.00
b) Buffer Zone
The land use pattern in the buffer zone as per Census 2001 is summarised in Table 7.
TABLE 7 LAND USE PATTERN OF BUFFER ZONE (AS PER CENSUS 2001) Sl. No. Land use Area (ha) Percent 1. Irrigated agricultural land 410.00 1.00 2. Unirrigated agricultural land 21022.64 51.24 3. Culturable waste land 4675.86 11.40 4. Area not available for cultivation 2598.44 6.33 5. Forest land 12324.84 30.04 Total 41031.78 100.00
3.7 Socio-economic conditions
A socio-economic study has been carried out within the study area based on Census of 2001. The break-up of population for male and female is summarised in Table 8.
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 9 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
TABLE 8 POLICE STATION WISE POPULATION WITHIN STUDY AREA District Tehsil Total population Male Female Sundergarh Hemgir 1303 682 621 Raigarh Lailunga 797 395 492 Gharghoda 56883 28527 28356 Total 58983 29604 29469
The employment pattern, break-up of main workers and SC/ST are summarised in Table 9.
TABLE 9 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN STUDY AREA Occupation Population % Main Workers 20893 35.422 Marginal workers 8858 15.018 Total workers 29751 50.44 Non workers 29232 49.56 Break-up of workers Cultivators 10413 49.84 Agriculture labour 7124 34.12 Household industry 545 2.61 Others 2806 13.43 Total 8858 Other Details Literate 36195 61.36 SC 5475 9.28 ST 30996 52.55
3.8 Industries and places of religious/archaeological/historical importance
There are no historical or archaeological places within core zone or in the buffer zone. However, there are local places of worship at some village. Besides few brick kilns, the following industries/ mines are located around Gare IV/6 block as given in Table 10.
TABLE 10 LIST OF INDUSTRIES AROUND THE PROJECT Sl. Name Distance Direction No. in Km 1 Monnet Ispat UG coal mine, milupara 2.5 N 1200 TPD 2 Gare IV/1 coal mine of JSPL (6 MTPA) 5.0 SE 3 Gare IV/2 & Gare IV/3 coal mine of JPL, 0.0 SE under development, 5.25 MTPA 4 OP Jindal STPS, Tamnar 5.0 SW 1000 MW under construction.
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4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
4.1 Methodology
Identification of impacts and assessment of environmental impacts has been done through widely accepted “Modified Leopold Matrix”. The matrix essentially contains a no. of project activities that can cause environmental impacts and a number of environmental attributes (descriptors) in a tabular form. It is covered in detail in REIA report.
The impact on various environmental descriptors is described below:
4.2 Impact on air quality
In an opencast mine, the common air pollutant happens to be air borne dust (SPM). The normal sources are drilling, blasting, loading, crushing and transport operations. Relevant dispersion modelling has been carried out to estimate GLC of various pollutants. The following results are obtained which are summarised in Table 11.
TABLE 11 IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DUE TO MINING ACTIVITIES ( µµµg/m 3) Pollutant Maximum GLC Incremental anticipated Total resultant in ambient air GLC, max. at 500 m concentration SPM 141-160 22.0 163-182 SO 2 6.9-8.1 5.84 12.74-13.94 NOx 8.3-9.2 11.67 19.97-20.87
4.3 Impacts on water quality and resources
No impact on the surface water resources is envisaged as no surface water will be drawn. However, in view of availability of ground water at shallow levels, most of water requirement is planned to be drawn from ground water (mine sump), which will have some impact on the ground water resources.
A comprehensive hydrological study has been conducted in line with MOEF guidelines to find out the impact of mining on the ground water regime after establishing the strata parameters.
The surface water quality is likely to be affected with higher load of suspended solids. No ground water pollution from dump leachates will take place as there are no chemical substances in the OB waste. The percolation of sewage waste from the pit-head area will not be allowed as the same will lead to the soak-pits through septic tanks.
4.4 Impact due to land degradation
The anticipated land use at the end of mining operation is tabulated in Table 12.
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 11 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
TABLE 12 LAND USE WITHIN ML AREA AT END OF 5 TH YEAR AND END OF MINING Sl. No. Description Area (Ha.) at the end of 5th year Mine life 1. Mining / Excavation 118.78 # 371.49 2. Surface Dump a) Surface dump within ML area will be over 39.66 0.00 48.53 ha, the area which will increase from 1st year to 10 th year and will start reducing from 15 th year onwards due to rehandling and backfilling which will be totally backfilled by the end of life of mine b)* Top soil dump 4.50 0.00 3. a)** Facilities (washery, office etc.) 12.52 0.00 b) Explosive magazine 0.59 0.59 c) Road 4.00 0.00 4. Green belt 3.64 3.64 5. Bund 5.7 5.7 6. Settling lank 10.0 0.00 7. Undisturbed 182.03 0.00 Total within ML 381.42 381.42 * Topsoil dump will be over the backfilled area towards the end of mine life ** All facilities will be removed at the end for mining coal underneath # 118.78 excavated area comprises 59.05 backfill and 59.73 Ha void
The mining operations are not anticipated to cause any adverse impacts on topography outside the core zone. Negative impact on land can be caused by proposed excavation and dumping, if appropriate control measures are not adopted.
4.5 Impacts on flora and fauna
(a) Impacts on flora
As can be seen from the land degradation details above, the flora and forest area will have to be removed from the area to be excavated, dumped and area to be used for other purposes. It will have major impact if appropriate control measures are not adopted.
(b) Impacts on fauna
As the fauna is closely related to and dependent on the fauna, fauna will move away from the area to be disturbed. Noise will also cause adverse impact in the vicinity of noise generating sources.
4.6 Impact due to noise level and ground vibration
The noise level will marginally increase due to operation of equipment. Ground vibration will increase due to blasting. However this will not have adverse impact on surrounding population as the habitation is usually away by at least 0.5 km and proper control measures are being envisaged.
Executive Summary for Gare IV/6 Coal Block of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. 12 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
4.7 Socio-economic condition
Only 5 households falling within the mine lease area will have to be rehabilitated. The land owners will be deprived of their land and the non-land owners who depend upon agriculture will be deprived of their earnings.
However, the facilities that will be created at mines will also benefit the nearby villagers. Local people will get employment directly and indirectly in the mine and related facilities and their economy will improve. To this extent, the impacts will be significantly beneficial since non-employment and under employment is the main socio-economic problem faced by the people in the area.
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The environmental management plan is foreseen for such activities and environmental attributes as have negative impacts. They are systematically described below.
5.1 Air quality
The SPM, SO 2 and NOx concentrations are within limits. The mining operations and related activities are anticipated to increase the levels of SPM and gaseous pollutants to a limited extent. Adequate control measures are proposed to be taken during mining operation, transportation and crushing/loading operations. Dust suppression system will be adopted at faces before and after blasting and while loading. Wet drilling system will be adopted and dust suppression system will be installed at all CHP, rotary crusher and transfer points. Dense tree belt will be planted round the mine, crushing and loading facilities. Dust masks will be provided to the workers and good quality of explosive will be used for which the oxygen balance will be checked from time to time.
The mine ambient air quality will be regularly tested to detect the presence of any pollutant above prescribed limits and appropriate measures will be adopted.
5.2 Water resources and quality
To prevent degradation and maintain the quality, adequate control measures will be applied as given in Table 13.
TABLE 13 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT Source Adverse Parameter Treatment Planned Imparted Mine water TSS Retention sump at the lowest bench and settling pond at surface. Dump leachates TSS - Check dams will be provided to prevent solids from wash off where required.
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Source Adverse Parameter Treatment Planned Imparted - Toe drains around dumps leading water to retention pond/settling ponds. Erosion from TSS Garland drains around excavated mining area area leading to settling tanks. Workshop Oil/grease & TSS - Oil/grease traps and recirculation. - Leak proof container to be used for storage and transportation Human BOD Septic tank and release through consumption soak pit at mine office
5.3 Post mining land use
The post mining land use of core zone is given in Table 14.
TABLE 14 POST MINING LAND USE WITH ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT WITHIN ML Sl. Description of area Land use (Ha.) No. Plantation Water Public Undistu- Total body use rbed I. ML Area 1. Top soil dump** - - - - - 2. Surface dump # - - - - - 3. a) Excavation 371.49 - - 371.49 b) Surface water reservoir*** - - - - 4. Facilities (magazine) - - 0.59 - 0.59 5. Roads - - - - - 6. Green belt 3.64 - - - 3.64 7. Bund 5.7 - - - 5.7 8. Undisturbed area - - - - - Total 380.83 - 0.59 - 381.42 ** Topsoil dump of 4.5 Ha. was over the coal bearing area upto 10 th year when area under it was excavated, the topsoil in subsequent years was stacked over the backfilled area *** Surface water reservoir at SW corner measuring 10.00 Ha will be backfilled in the final year of quarry operation # Surface dump will be rehandled between 16 th and 19 th year and area below it excavated
Above table shows that most of the disturbed areas will be reclaimed before abandoning the mine excluding, which can be, used as social infrastructure for future. The main part of the OB waste will be backfilled simultaneously with mining operation. A part of waste generated during initial 10 years of mining operations will be accommodated in external waste dumps and rehabilitated thereafter.
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5.4 Flora and Fauna
Compensatory plantation will be provided in line with the prevailing rules of Forest Department for the Chotte /bade Jhad ke jungle falling within the ML area. A plantation program over life of the mine has been planned in a phase wise manner and will be started from first year of mining. A 7.5 m width of green belt development around the ML area will be completed within the 5 years. Plantation over backfilled area will be commenced from third year of mining. A thick plantation is proposed to be provided and maintained around the mining area and along the roads. As many as 952075 trees will be planted for the purpose of checking erosion of dump tops. To fulfil the requirements of nursery plants, a nursery will be established at the site.
5.5 Noise and ground vibration abatement
Ambient noise levels in the buffer zone are well within the specified limits for residential area. Thick vegetation will abate the noise levels to within the specified limits within the ML area. Proper maintenance of noise generation machinery including the transport vehicles will be ensured for work place and workers exposed to noisy areas will be provided earmuffs. Optimum charge per delay will be used to minimise vibration noise and fly rock from blasting. Blasting will not be carried out when strong winds are blowing towards the inhabited areas.
5.6 Socio-economics
As there will be displacement of only five households, no rehabilitation programme is required, as they will be given adequate compensation. Care will be taken to give more employment to local people in line with the Company’s Policy. The company will arrange medical camps and awareness programmes to benefit the local people.
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND MONITORING ORGANISATION
An environmental cell has been envisaged within the mine to monitor and maintain the quality of air, water, noise, health status and will look after the plantation program properly including the replacement of any dead plants.
Adequate provision has been made towards capital investment related to environment (monitoring of environmental parameters and implementation of control measures), which includes cost of plantation/ afforestation, and also towards the recurring annual cost.
For air quality monitoring, continuous monitoring on 24 hours sampling basis will be done for two days per week and analytical checks made for SPM, SO 2 and NOx.
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7.0 CONCLUSIONS
Only five households are to be displaced from ML area. Agricultural land shall be converted to industrial or mining site during the tenure of mining which will be ultimately completely filled to the general ground level and vegetated. Major portion of the excavated waste will be backfilled simultaneously with mining. Visual intrusion will be the outside dump with 80 m height, which will be visible from a distance. Appropriate measures such as green belt cover will be provided to reduce visual intrusion from dumps, roads and facilities. However, the dumps will be eliminated by the end of life of mine by rehandling and backfilling. The forest area will be compensated and a fresh afforestation program will be considered as per the rules of Forest Department. After minor change the mining will provide the opportunity to create a comparatively higher tree plantation and greenery will improve the general quality of life. Only minor nature of air pollution is visualised for which more than adequate preventive measures have been contemplated. The proposed mining activities will provide employment to 750 persons and will create indirect employment for many job peoples. The different site services such as office, first aid centre, storeroom, staff quarters, blasting sheds must be incorporated within the lease area.
The present environmental scenario has been established by field survey and secondary data information (cropping pattern, livestock, socio- economics, flora, fauna, climate, rainfall, temperature etc.), collected from relevant departments/sources (Revenue Department, Animal Husbandry Department, Forest Department, IMD etc.). Sampling/testing of air, water, soil quality, measurement of noise levels, monitoring of micrometeorology, traffic density etc. The confidence level of data collected, generated and incorporated in the EIA/EMP is almost 100%.
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