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Land Use / Vegetation Cover Mapping of Mand Raigarh Coalfield Based on Satellite Data for the Year 2014

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Land Use / Vegetation Cover Mapping of Mand Raigarh Coalfield Based on Satellite Data for the Year 2014 FOR CLIENT USE ONLY Land Use / Vegetation Cover Mapping of Mand Raigarh Coalfield based on Satellite Data for the Year 2014 Dharamjaygarh MAND RAIGARH COALFIELD Ghargoda Tamnar RAIGARH CMPDI A Miniratna Company For client use only Report on Land Use/ Vegetation Cover Mapping of Mand Raigarh Coalfield based on Satellite date of the year 2014 Submitted to South Eastern Coalfields Limited Bilaspur December - 2014 Remote Sensing Cell Geomatics Division CMPDI (HQ), Ranchi Document Control Sheet (1) Job No. RSC-561410027 (2) Publication Date December 2014 (3) Number of Pages 37 (4) Number of Figures 06 (5) Number of Tables 05 (6) Number of Plates 01 (7) Number of Drawings 01 Land use/ Vegetation Cover mapping of Mand Raigarh (8) Title of the Report Coalfield using satellite data of the year 2014. Preparation of land use/vegetation cover map of Mand (9) Aim of the Report Raigarh Coalfields on 1:50,000 scale based on LandSAT8 Satellite data. Remote Sensing Cell (10) Executing Unit Geomatics Division Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi (11) User Agency South Eastern Coalfields Limited, Bilaspur (12) Author Rakesh Ranjan, Senior Manager (RSC) (13) Security Restriction Restricted Circulation (14) No. of Copies 8 (15) Distribution Statement Official List of Figures 1. Map of India showing the location of Mand Raigarh Coalfield. 2. Remote Sensing Radiation System. 3. Electromagnetic Spectrum 4. Expanded Diagram of the visible and infrared regions. 5. Methodology of Land use/ Vegetation cover mapping. 6. Geoid-Ellipsoid Projection relationship. List of Tables 1. Electromagnetic Spectral Regions 2. Characteristics of Satellite Sensor 3. Classification Accuracy Matrix 4. Land use / Vegetation Cover classes identified in Mand Raigarh Coalfield. 5. Status of Land Use/ Vegetation Cover pattern in Mand Raigarh Coalfield. 6. Block wise Land Use / Cover details in Mand Raigarh Coalfield List of Plates 1. Location Map 2. FCC (Band 3, 2, 1) Map of Mand Raigarh Coalfield based on Landsat 8 Satellite data of the year 2014. 3. Land use/ Vegetation cover map of Mand Raigarh Coalfield based on Landsat 8 Satellite data of the year 2014. List of Drawings 1. Land use/ Vegetation cover map of Mand Raigarh Coalfield based on Landsat 8 Satellite data of the year 2014. Contents Description Page No. Document Control Sheet i List of Figures ii List of Tables ii List of Plates ii 1.0 Introduction 1-4 1.1 Project Reference 1.2 Objective 1.4 Location of the Area & Accessibility 1.5 Topography & Drainages 1.6 Coal Resources 2.0 Remote Sensing Concept & Methodology 5-19 2.1 Remote Sensing 2.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum 2.3 Scanning System 2.4 Data Source 2.5 Characteristics of Satellite/Sensor 2.6 Data Processing 2.6.1 Geometric Correction, rectification & geo-referencing 2.6.2 Image enhancement 2.6.3 Training set selection 2.6.4 Signature generation & classification 2.6.5 Creation / Overlay of vector database in GIS 2.6.6 Validation of classified image 3.0 Land Use/ Cover Mapping 20-29 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Land use/ Vegetation cover Classification 3.3 Data Analysis in Mand Raigarh Coalfield 3.3.1 Vegetation Cover 3.3.2 Mining Area 3.3.3 Agriculture 3.3.4 Wasteland 3.3.5 Settlement 3.3.6 Water Bodies 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 30 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Recommendations CMPDI Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Reference Coal India Limited requested CMPDI to take up the study based on remote sensing satellite data for creating the geo-environmental data base of coalfields for monitoring the impact of coal mining on land use and vegetation cover. Accordingly, a road map for implementation of the project was submitted to Coal India Ltd. for land use and vegetation cover mapping of 28 major coalfields for creating the geo-environmental data base and subsequent monitoring of impact of coal mining land environment at a regular interval of three years. In pursuant to the work order no.CIL/WBP/Env/2009/2428 dated 29.12.2009; issued by CIL. Subsequently, a revised work order was issued vide letter no. CIL/WBP/Env/2011/4706 dated 12.10.2012 from Coal India Limited for the period 2012-13 to 2016-17 for land reclamation monitoring of all the opencast projects as well vegetation cover monitoring of 28 major coalfields including Mand Raigarh Coalfield as per a defined plan for monitoring the impact of mining on Vegetation Cover. 1.2 Project Background South Eastern coalfield Ltd. is a Mini Ratna Company, dedicated for maintaining the ecological balance in the region has initiated a massive plantation programme on backfilled area, OB dumps and wasteland. The advent of high resolution, multispectral satellite data has opened a new avenue in the field of mapping and monitoring of vegetation cover. The present study has been taken up to access the impact of coal mining on land use and Job No 561410027 Chapter -1 Page 1 CMPDI vegetation cover in Mand Raigarh Coalfield with respect to the earlier study carried out in the year 2011. 1.3 Objective The objective of the present study is to prepare a regional land use and vegetation cover map of Mand Raigarh coalfield on 1:50,000 scale based on satellite data of the year 2014, using digital image processing technique for assessing the impact of coal mining and other industrial activities on land use and vegetation cover in the coalfield area. 1.4 Location of the Area & Accessibility The Mand Raigarh coalfield falls in the Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh state. Dharamjaygarh is an important town located in the north of the coalfield. It is connected by all weather roads with Raigarh (75 km) and Kharsia (60 km) Railway Stations on the Howrah-Nagpur section of South Eastern Railway. The coalfield boundary is connected with Ib Valley Coalfield in the east and Korba Coalfield in the west. The nearest airports for Raigarh are Bhilai, Raipur and Bilaspur. The nearest city is Raigarh lies in the southern part of the coalfield. National Highway 74 passes through the north south part of the Mand Raigarh coalfield. The study area is bounded between North Latitudes 22041’09” to 21 0 49’23” and East longitudes 82049’36” to 830 41’50” and is covered by Survey of India j j j N N N O N (SoI) topo-sheet Nos. 64 /14, 64 /15, 64 /16, 64 /2, 64 /3,64 /4, 64 /1, 64 /6, 64 N N O N N 0 /7, 64 /8, 64 /5,64 /11, 64 /12 and 64 /9. The location map of study area is shown in Figure 2.1. The aerial extends ranges 86 km in north-south direction and 70 km in east-west direction encompassing an area of about 3447 sq. kms. Job No 561410027 Chapter -1 Page 2 CMPDI 1.5 Topography and Drainage The area is characterized by rolling topography inter-spread with a few hills. The average height of plain is 260 to 270 m above MSL. The hills rise about 450 m above the ground level. The southerly flowing perennial Mand River with its tributaries Kurket constitute the main drainage of the area. The Kelo River which drains the eastern part of the coalfield is a tributary of Mahanadi River. The Mand-Raigarh coalfield receives an average annual rainfall of 1530 mm, the bulk of which precipitates between June to October. The maximum temperature in summer reaches up to 46OC while in the winter the minimum temperature drops down to 11OC. Part of the coalfield falls within Raigarh Forest Division and has luxuriant growth of Sal and Bamboo trees. 1.6 Coal Resources The Mand-Raigarh coalfield comprises extensive spread of Lower Gondwana formations, extending from Hasdo Arand coalfield through Raigarh Basin to Ib Valley coalfield in Sambalpur district of Orissa. The state boundary between Chhattisgarh and Orissa states arbitrarily demarcates the limits of Mand Raigarh coalfield from the Ib Valley coalfield. Korba coalfield is the western extension of Mand-Raigarh coalfield. There are 12 coal seams in Mand-Raigarh coalfield which are largely thin and persistent. The Ash content varies from 15 to 35% and the coals are largely power grade coals. Geological Survey of India (GSI) has assessed coal resources of 21,117 Mt in this coalfield. Job No 561410027 Chapter -1 Page 3 CMPDI Fig 1.1 : Map of India Showing the Location of Mand Raigarh Coalfields Job No 561410027 Chapter -1 Page 4 CMPDI Chapter 2 Remote Sensing Concepts and Methodology 2.1 Remote Sensing Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object or area through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in physical contact with the object or area under investigation. The term remote sensing is commonly restricted to methods that employ electro- magnetic energy (such as light, heat and radio waves) as the means of detecting and measuring object characteristics. All physical objects on the earth surface continuously emit electromagnetic radiation because of the oscillations of their atomic particles. Remote sensing is largely concerned with the measurement of electro- magnetic energy from the SUN, which is reflected, scattered or emitted by the objects on the surface of the earth. Figure 2.1 schematically illustrate the generalised processes involved in electromagnetic remote sensing of the earth resources. Job No 561410027 Chapter-2 Page 5 CMPDI 2.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the continuum of energy that ranges from meters to nanometres in wavelength and travels at the speed of light. Different objects on the earth surface reflect different amounts of energy in various wavelengths of the EM spectrum.
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