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ProspectsProspects ofof CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane andand CoalCoal MineMine MethaneMethane inin IndiaIndia Ajay Kumar Singh CIMFR (CSIR), DHANBAD-826 015 National Research Conference on Climate Change IIT Delhi 5 March 2010 INTRODUCTION • India, third largest producer of coal. • Fourth in coal resources. • In two geological 9Gondwana Coal of drift origin 9Tertiary coal Genesis of CBM Fracture system, cleats in coal Butt cleats and face cleats Macropores (>500 Å), Mesopores (20 to 500 Å) Micropores (8 to 20 Å) Microscopic view of the Micropores structure of coal Transport of Gas WHY CONSIDER CBM? Cover Roof 4.2m 2m Floor NOT TO SCALE What about surface mines??? CH4 Emission Estimates in Tg - Coal Mining in India Year CH4 Emission 1994 0.650 1996 0.688 1998 0.703 2000 0.716 2010 ?? Trend of CH4 Emission 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Methane Emission (Tg) 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Year Global CMM Emission Country 2000 2000 2010 2010 Methane CO2 Methane CO2 Released Equivalent Released Equivalent (M m3) (MMT) (M m3) (MMT) China 10,000 142.7 15,753 224.7 US 5,461 77.0 5,748 82.0 Russia 2,236 31.9 2,138 30.5 Australia 1,381 19.7 2,004 28.6 Ukraine 1,970 28.1 1,689 24.1 India 683 9.7 1,319 18.8 Poland 1,037 14.8 939 13.4 Germany 1,030 14.7 764 10.9 South Africa 496 7.1 506 7.2 Kazakhstan 488 7.0 447 6.4 UK 365 5.2 343 4.9 Czech Republic 351 5.0 266 3.8 Turkey 123 1.8 184 2.6 Japan 133 1.9 147 2.1 Canada 98 1.4 91 1.3 SOLUTION??? Tremendous Potential for CMM Emission Reduction • One CMM Project at one mine may: - Reduce emissions by 100,000 -1,000,000+ tons/ year CO2 equivalent • Significant Global Potential: - Total Global: 475-500 million tons Emissions CO2 equivalent/year - Short term: 85-150 million tons/year Reductions - Long term: 150-300 million tons/year Reductions Production of CBM, What really happens? DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CBM • VCBM • CMM • AMM • VAM Typical VCBM Well in Production Gas Water Coal Mine Methane Types of gas drainage and capture techniques in coal mining Underground Horizontal and Cross–Measure wells •Horizontal wells drilled typically 200 to 400m •Several hundred drilled and connected to a surface based vacuum pump •Wells can be left on suction during and after mining though with significant damage due to goafing Methane from Goaf Types of gas drainage and capture techniques in coal mining Vertical Pre-Mining gob wells and Underground Horizontal wells •Gob wells drilled from the surface to about 20m above the coal •Fracture and gob formation increases permeability of the gas bearing strata •Gas is brought to surface under vacuum (-40KPA) •CH4 % varies during the life of a gob well •Pre-mining gas drainage wells can have permeability increased via fracing or enhanced drilling technology such as Medium Radius Drilling VAM Utilisation Opportunities in India Coal occurs in two stratigraphic horizons Lower Gondwana500 0 coalfields500km Kilometers 80° 84° 88° mmm 26 Luc know % Patna 22 Permian sediments (c. 290Ma) % 27 32 51 47 44 34 31 2 43 30 28 m 24°m 41 33 49 48 46 39 35 29 52 mostly deposited in 55 50 45 42 38 53 40 37 Bhopal 56 36 % 54 57 59 58 78 62 63 64 Calcutta 77 61 % 60 66 Intracratonic Gondwana basins. 65 76 75 67 51. Si ngrauli 74 52. Korar 53. Umari a 54. J ohi la 68 55. Sihagpur 73 56. Sonhat-Jhilimili 72 57. Bi srampur Bhubaneswar 58. Lakhanpur 20° % 71 59. Panc hbahini m m 60. Dhamamunda 61. Koreagarh 62. Chirimi ri 63. Sendurgarh 64. Hasdo-Arand 65. Korba 66. Mand-Raigarh 35. Raniganj 67. Ib River Tertiary coalfields 36. Bar jora 68. Talcher 69 37. J haria 69. G odav ari 92° 96° 38. East Bokaro 70. Yellendu m m 39. W est Bok aro 71. W ardha Hyderabad 22. Singrimari 40. Ramgarh 72. Bander 100 0 100 km % 26. Darjeeling 41. North Karanpura 73. Umrer 70 27. Rajmahal 42. South Karanpura 74. Kamptee 28. Birbhum 43. Chope 75. Pench-Kanhan 29. T angs uli 44. Itk hor i 76. Pathakhera 30. Kundait Kariah 45. Aur anga 77. Tawa 31. Saharjuri 46. Hutar 78. Mohpani 32. Jainti 47. Daltonganj 33,34. Gi ri dih 1 16°m 48,49,50. Tatapani-Ramkola m 23 m28° m m m 80° 84° 88° 1 28°m 2 Itanagar 3 Gangtok % 4 % 25 24 6 5 7 8 Dispur % 9 Tertiary Coalfields 10 Kohima % 1. Miao-bum 22 20 Shillong 11 2. Namchik-Namphuk 19 15 14 %Shillong12 3. Makum 4. Dilli-Jeypore (c. 60Ma) 21 17 5. Tiju Early Tertiary near-shore 13 18 Imphal 6. Borjan 16 % 7. Tuen Sang 8. Jhanzi-Disai 9. Koilajan 10. Dip hu 11. Bapung peri-cratonic basins and shelves. 12. Pynursla m24° 13. Ch er rapunji 14. Laitryngew Aizawl 15. Maw synr am % 16. Mawlong Shella 24°m Agartala % 17. Langrin 18. Balphakram-Pendenggru 19. West Darangiri 20. Rongr enggri 21. Siju Gondwana Coalfields Calcutta 22. Singrimari % 23. Abor Hills 24. Daphla Hills 25. Aka Hills mm m 84° 88° 92° EMERGING POSSIBILITIES OF EXPLOITING CBM/CMM & ECBM requires 1. Characterisation of resource on chemical, petrographic and gas desorption parameters at exploration stage. 2. Reservoir Modelling/Production Testing. 3. Choice of Appropriate Technology. for Optimal utilisation of resource both at short and long term perspective POSSIBLEPOSSIBLE AREASAREAS FORFOR DEEPERDEEPER (>300M)(>300M) LEVELLEVEL COALCOAL RESOURCERESOURCE South Eastern part of Jharia Coalfield Eastern part of Raniganj Coalfield Western part of Ib-River & Talcher Coalfield Westcentral part of Mand-Raigarh Coalfield Central part of main basin, Singrauli Coalfield Eastern part of Birbhum-Rajmahal Coalfield Eastern part of Pench-Kanhan Coalfield Central part of north Godavari Coalfield JHARIA COALFIELD Deeper level Salient FORMATIONfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Intrusives COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 725m 22 (0.1m-4.7m) Barren Measures 850m 0-600m -- 14.2 bt Barakar 1130m 46 (0.3m-33.0m) 600m-1200m -- 5.2 bt Talchir 225m 0 – 1200m – 19.4 bt Basement -- Deeper level EAST BOKARO COALFIELD Salient FORMATIONfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Mahadeva 500m COAL RESOURCE Panchet 600m Raniganj 600m 7 (0.4m-3.0m) 0-300m -- 3.2 bt Barren Measures 500m 300m-600m -- 1.5 bt Barakar 1000m 26 (0.4m-63.9m) 600m-1200m -- 2.3 bt Talchir 80m 0 – 1200m -- 7.0 bt Basement -- Deeper level NORTH KARANPURA COALFIELD SalientSalient FORMATIONfeaturesfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Mahadeva 165m Panchet 225m COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 400m thin bands Barren Measures 385m 0-300m -- 10.3 bt 300m-600m -- 4.3 bt Barakar 500m 5 (0.5m-35.2m) Karharbari 200m 1 (0.5m-10.5m) 0 – 1200m – 14.6 bt Talchir 180m Basement -- SOUTH KARANPURA COALFIELD Deeper level Salient featuresFORMATION THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 360m 7 (0.8m-3.3m) Barren Measures 385m 0-300m -- 3.3 bt 300m-600m -- 1.8 bt Barakar 1050m 42 (0.5m-54.2m) Talchir 180m 600m-1200m -- 0.9 bt Basement -- 0 – 1200m – 6.0 bt Category Gondwana Coals Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj I ranking high volatile and North Karanpura bituminous A and Coalfields. above. Category Gondwana Coals South Karanpura, II ranking high volatile Raniganj, Pench-Kanhan bituminous A and and Sohagpur Coalfields. below. Category Low rank Gondwana Talchir, Ib, Pranhita- III Coals. Godavari Valley and Wardha Valley Coal field. Category Tertiary Coals / Lignite Cambay, Bikaneer- IV resources. Nagaaur, Barmer, Assam- Arakan, Cauvery and Himalayan Foot Hills Basins. Chronology of CBM Development in India • CBM policy formulated in 1997 • First offer of CBM blocks announced in May 2001. • One block awarded on nomination basis. • Contract signed for 5 blocks awarded under Round – I in 2002. Two more blocks awarded under nomination basis. • Contract signed for 8 blocks awarded under Round-II in 2004. • Contract signed for 10 blocks offered under Round – III in 2006. PRESENT STATUS OF CBM BLOCKS • Blocks awarded till date – 26 • Area awarded – 13,600 sq. km. • Total CB Resources – 1374 BCM. • Expected Production Potential – 38 MMSCMD. • Present Gas production from 3 blocks: RG (S), SP (E), SP (W) – 0.18 MMSCMD. • Expected CBM production from 3 blocks by 2013 – 7.4 MMSCMD. THANK YOU [email protected] .
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  • Coal Industry's Contribution to Water- Ecosystem

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    Coal Industry’s Contribution to Water- Ecosystem Through Gainful Utilization of Mine-Water WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED (A subsidiary of Coal India Limited) Mine Water Utilisation - Process Aquifers in Indian coal bearing formations constitute of sandstone, while coal acts as aquitards allowing formation of unconfined & confined aquifers resulting in high water table; Also low sulphur content(<1%) means no Acid Mine Drainage(AMD) Mine Dewatering Percolated & logged water from mines is removed through Treatment in settling tanks pumps Extracted water is treated through a series of settling tanks Pipeline Transport Water is transported to desired location through HDPE pipelines Filtration Water is Treated through Pressure Filters, Sand Filters, Reverse Osmosis & Ozonisation Plants GAINFUL USE OF MINE WATER 380 120 160 LtrsMil/Da LtrsMil/Da LtrsMil/Da y y y Total Discharge of All Utilised for Internal use – To Be Utilized for Mines in WCL Spraying, Washing, Dust Community Distribution Suppression PROJECTS DRIKING WATER Boreholes, Checkdams, Pressure Filters IRRIGATION Desilting and Widening of RO Plants in Villages ponds GROUND WATER RECHARGE Creating Shared Value Reconceiving needs, Redefining Improving the local products, and customers productivity in the business environment Meeting societal needs value chain through products Using resources, Improving the suppliers, logistics, Addressing unserved or communities in which a and employees more underserved customers company operates productively RO Water Plants & Disposal of mine RO Water Plants & Coal Neer water into local Ground water Initiatives channels recharge • Creating new • Improves • Clean drinking customers livelihoods of water local populace • Products at • Irrigation lower price Water Supply for Drinking Water Hybrid Water Cooperatives •WCL has invested in setting up Water Treatment plants with 1000 liters per hour capacity in villages.
  • Exploration & Development

    Exploration & Development

    EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013 (Part- I: GENERAL REVIEWS) 52nd Edition EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in September, 2015 4-1 EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT 4 Exploration & Development GOVERNMENT’S POLICY concession holders will be monitored. he National Mineral Policy, 2008 for non-fuel Lock-in arrangement will be assured and Tand non-coal minerals, introduced by the the data will be released to prospectors Government in replacement of the National Mineral after integration. Policy 1993 lay enormous thrust on the various * Prospecting being a high-risk venture, aspects of mineral industry, such as regulation of access to risk funds from capital markets minerals, role of State in mineral development, will be facilitated. survey and exploration, database of mineral resources and tenements, strategy of mineral This policy initiative is expected to encourage development, etc. Among other things, strong greater involvement of private sector in survey emphasis is laid on the following: and exploration of minerals. * To judiciously exploit and utilise the The High-Level Committee constituted by the country's mineral potentialities, Government of India which brought out the systematic regional and detailed National Mineral Policy, 2008 has recommended exploration will be carried out using state- amendments to the MMDR Act, 1957 with the of-the-art techniques in a time bound purpose of providing necessary initiatives to manner. Zero-waste mining will be the attract investment and participation of private national goal and mining technology will and public sectors in areas of exploration be upgraded to ensure exploration and and exploitation of minerals.