ProspectsProspects ofof CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane andand CoalCoal MineMine MethaneMethane inin IndiaIndia
Ajay Kumar Singh CIMFR (CSIR), DHANBAD-826 015
National Research Conference on Climate Change IIT Delhi 5 March 2010 INTRODUCTION • India, third largest producer of coal. • Fourth in coal resources. • In two geological 9Gondwana Coal of drift origin 9Tertiary coal Genesis of CBM Fracture system, cleats in coal
Butt cleats and face cleats Macropores (>500 Å), Mesopores (20 to 500 Å) Micropores (8 to 20 Å)
Microscopic view of the Micropores structure of coal Transport of Gas WHY CONSIDER CBM? Cover
Roof
4.2m 2m
Floor
NOT TO SCALE What about surface mines??? CH4 Emission Estimates in Tg - Coal Mining in India
Year CH4 Emission 1994 0.650 1996 0.688 1998 0.703 2000 0.716 2010 ??
Trend of CH4 Emission
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2 Methane Emission (Tg) 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Year Global CMM Emission Country 2000 2000 2010 2010 Methane CO2 Methane CO2 Released Equivalent Released Equivalent (M m3) (MMT) (M m3) (MMT)
China 10,000 142.7 15,753 224.7 US 5,461 77.0 5,748 82.0 Russia 2,236 31.9 2,138 30.5 Australia 1,381 19.7 2,004 28.6 Ukraine 1,970 28.1 1,689 24.1 India 683 9.7 1,319 18.8 Poland 1,037 14.8 939 13.4 Germany 1,030 14.7 764 10.9 South Africa 496 7.1 506 7.2 Kazakhstan 488 7.0 447 6.4 UK 365 5.2 343 4.9 Czech Republic 351 5.0 266 3.8 Turkey 123 1.8 184 2.6 Japan 133 1.9 147 2.1 Canada 98 1.4 91 1.3 SOLUTION??? Tremendous Potential for CMM Emission Reduction • One CMM Project at one mine may: - Reduce emissions by 100,000 -1,000,000+ tons/ year CO2 equivalent • Significant Global Potential: - Total Global: 475-500 million tons Emissions CO2 equivalent/year - Short term: 85-150 million tons/year Reductions - Long term: 150-300 million tons/year Reductions Production of CBM, What really happens? DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CBM
• VCBM
• CMM
• AMM
• VAM
Typical VCBM Well in Production
Gas Water Coal Mine Methane Types of gas drainage and capture techniques in coal mining Underground Horizontal and Cross–Measure wells
•Horizontal wells drilled typically 200 to 400m •Several hundred drilled and connected to a surface based vacuum pump •Wells can be left on suction during and after mining though with significant damage due to goafing Methane from Goaf Types of gas drainage and capture techniques in coal mining Vertical Pre-Mining gob wells and Underground Horizontal wells
•Gob wells drilled from the surface to about 20m above the coal •Fracture and gob formation increases permeability of the gas bearing strata •Gas is brought to surface under vacuum (-40KPA) •CH4 % varies during the life of a gob well •Pre-mining gas drainage wells can have permeability increased via fracing or enhanced drilling technology such as Medium Radius Drilling VAM Utilisation Opportunities in India Coal occurs in two stratigraphic horizons
Lower Gondwana500 0 coalfields500km Kilometers
80° 84° 88° mmm 26 Luc know %
Patna 22 Permian sediments (c. 290Ma) %
27 32 51 47 44 34 31 2 43 30 28 m 24°m 41 33 49 48 46 39 35 29 52 mostly deposited in 55 50 45 42 38 53 40 37 Bhopal 56 36 % 54 57 59 58 78 62 63 64 Calcutta 77 61 % 60 66 Intracratonic Gondwana basins. 65 76 75 67 51. Si ngrauli 74 52. Korar 53. Umari a 54. J ohi la 68 55. Sihagpur 73 56. Sonhat-Jhilimili 72 57. Bi srampur Bhubaneswar 58. Lakhanpur 20° % 71 59. Panc hbahini m m 60. Dhamamunda 61. Koreagarh 62. Chirimi ri 63. Sendurgarh 64. Hasdo-Arand 65. Korba 66. Mand-Raigarh 35. Raniganj 67. Ib River Tertiary coalfields 36. Bar jora 68. Talcher 69 37. J haria 69. G odav ari 92° 96° 38. East Bokaro 70. Yellendu m m 39. W est Bok aro 71. W ardha Hyderabad 22. Singrimari 40. Ramgarh 72. Bander 100 0 100 km % 26. Darjeeling 41. North Karanpura 73. Umrer 70 27. Rajmahal 42. South Karanpura 74. Kamptee 28. Birbhum 43. Chope 75. Pench-Kanhan 29. T angs uli 44. Itk hor i 76. Pathakhera 30. Kundait Kariah 45. Aur anga 77. Tawa 31. Saharjuri 46. Hutar 78. Mohpani 32. Jainti 47. Daltonganj 33,34. Gi ri dih 1 16°m 48,49,50. Tatapani-Ramkola m 23 m28° m m m 80° 84° 88° 1
28°m 2 Itanagar 3 Gangtok % 4 % 25 24
6 5 7 8 Dispur % 9 Tertiary Coalfields 10 Kohima % 1. Miao-bum 22 20 Shillong 11 2. Namchik-Namphuk 19 15 14 %12Shillong 3. Makum 4. Dilli-Jeypore (c. 60Ma) 21 17 5. Tiju Early Tertiary near-shore 13 18 Imphal 6. Borjan 16 % 7. Tuen Sang 8. Jhanzi-Disai 9. Koilajan 10. Dip hu 11. Bapung peri-cratonic basins and shelves. 12. Pynursla m24° 13. Ch er rapunji 14. Laitryngew Aizawl 15. Maw synr am % 16. Mawlong Shella 24°m Agartala % 17. Langrin 18. Balphakram-Pendenggru 19. West Darangiri 20. Rongr enggri 21. Siju
Gondwana Coalfields Calcutta 22. Singrimari % 23. Abor Hills 24. Daphla Hills 25. Aka Hills mm m 84° 88° 92° EMERGING POSSIBILITIES OF EXPLOITING CBM/CMM & ECBM
requires 1. Characterisation of resource on chemical, petrographic and gas desorption parameters at exploration stage. 2. Reservoir Modelling/Production Testing. 3. Choice of Appropriate Technology.
for Optimal utilisation of resource both at short and long term perspective POSSIBLEPOSSIBLE AREASAREAS FORFOR DEEPERDEEPER (>300M)(>300M) LEVELLEVEL COALCOAL RESOURCERESOURCE South Eastern part of Jharia Coalfield Eastern part of Raniganj Coalfield Western part of Ib-River & Talcher Coalfield
Westcentral part of Mand-Raigarh Coalfield Central part of main basin, Singrauli Coalfield
Eastern part of Birbhum-Rajmahal Coalfield
Eastern part of Pench-Kanhan Coalfield
Central part of north Godavari Coalfield JHARIA COALFIELD
Deeper level
Salient
FORMATIONfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Intrusives COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 725m 22 (0.1m-4.7m) Barren Measures 850m 0-600m -- 14.2 bt Barakar 1130m 46 (0.3m-33.0m) 600m-1200m -- 5.2 bt Talchir 225m 0 – 1200m – 19.4 bt Basement -- Deeper level EAST BOKARO COALFIELD
Salient
FORMATIONfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Mahadeva 500m COAL RESOURCE Panchet 600m Raniganj 600m 7 (0.4m-3.0m) 0-300m -- 3.2 bt Barren Measures 500m 300m-600m -- 1.5 bt Barakar 1000m 26 (0.4m-63.9m) 600m-1200m -- 2.3 bt Talchir 80m 0 – 1200m -- 7.0 bt Basement -- Deeper level NORTH KARANPURA COALFIELD
SalientSalient
FORMATIONfeaturesfeatures THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness Mahadeva 165m Panchet 225m COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 400m thin bands Barren Measures 385m 0-300m -- 10.3 bt 300m-600m -- 4.3 bt Barakar 500m 5 (0.5m-35.2m) Karharbari 200m 1 (0.5m-10.5m) 0 – 1200m – 14.6 bt Talchir 180m Basement -- SOUTH KARANPURA COALFIELD
Deeper level
Salient featuresFORMATION THICKNESS COAL SEAMS No Thickness COAL RESOURCE Raniganj 360m 7 (0.8m-3.3m) Barren Measures 385m 0-300m -- 3.3 bt 300m-600m -- 1.8 bt Barakar 1050m 42 (0.5m-54.2m) Talchir 180m 600m-1200m -- 0.9 bt Basement -- 0 – 1200m – 6.0 bt Category Gondwana Coals Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj I ranking high volatile and North Karanpura bituminous A and Coalfields. above.
Category Gondwana Coals South Karanpura, II ranking high volatile Raniganj, Pench-Kanhan bituminous A and and Sohagpur Coalfields. below.
Category Low rank Gondwana Talchir, Ib, Pranhita- III Coals. Godavari Valley and Wardha Valley Coal field.
Category Tertiary Coals / Lignite Cambay, Bikaneer- IV resources. Nagaaur, Barmer, Assam- Arakan, Cauvery and Himalayan Foot Hills Basins. Chronology of CBM Development in India • CBM policy formulated in 1997 • First offer of CBM blocks announced in May 2001. • One block awarded on nomination basis. • Contract signed for 5 blocks awarded under Round – I in 2002. Two more blocks awarded under nomination basis. • Contract signed for 8 blocks awarded under Round-II in 2004. • Contract signed for 10 blocks offered under Round – III in 2006. PRESENT STATUS OF CBM BLOCKS
• Blocks awarded till date – 26 • Area awarded – 13,600 sq. km. • Total CB Resources – 1374 BCM. • Expected Production Potential – 38 MMSCMD. • Present Gas production from 3 blocks: RG (S), SP (E), SP (W) – 0.18 MMSCMD. • Expected CBM production from 3 blocks by 2013 – 7.4 MMSCMD. THANK YOU