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Learning a Living FIRST RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS FIRST FIRST LITERACY ADULT of the SURVEY SURVEY SKILLS SKILLS LIFE LIFE and and ����������� ������ ���������� ������

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Learning a Living FIRST RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS FIRST FIRST LITERACY ADULT of the SURVEY SURVEY SKILLS SKILLS LIFE LIFE and and ����������� ������ ���������� ������ Learning a Living FIRST RESULTS OF THE ADULT LITERACY AND LIFE SKILLS SURVEY Learning a Living, the first report from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, presents new evidence on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced Learning a Living by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the past decade. It offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation and loss of adult skills in various settings – at home and at work – for the seven countries participating in the first round of data collection. The study offers the first comparative evidence on the impact of formal adult education and FIRST RESULTS informal learning on the supply of skills. It also provides unique insight into the OF THE ADULT LITERACY distribution of information and communication technology skills, and how these have amplified both productivity and wage inequality. AND LIFE SKILLS SURVEY Findings point to large differences in the average level and population distribution of skills both within and between countries. Low skills are evident among all adult groups in significant—albeit varying – proportions. Skills vary substantially even at similar levels of educational attainment. Hence some countries are more successful than others in building skills beyond initial schooling. These differences matter because skills are closely associated with economic life chances and quality of life. Improving skills, particularly among those with real life deficits, remains a large challenge. But policy can make a difference. The evidence shows how some countries have succeeded in building high levels of skill in multiple domains. A LIVING LEARNING Others have managed to improve the skills of the entire population. Still others have come close to realizing lifelong learning for all. First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey Skills Life and Literacy Adult the of Results First OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD theme: Education and Skills Ask your librarian for more details of how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at [email protected] ���������� ����������� ������ ������ ���������� ����������� www.statcan.ca www.oecd.org ������ ������ ISBN 92-64-01038-6 -:HSTCQE=UVUX]X: 91 2005 03 1 P Learning a Living First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey Ottawa and Paris Statistics Canada Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Also available in French under the title: Apprentissage et réussite : Premiers résultats de l’enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing: [email protected] or by fax (33 1) 45 24 13 91. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie, 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France ([email protected]). STATISTICS CANADA Statistics Canada, Canada’s central statistical agency, has the mandate to “collect, compile, analyse, and publish statistical information relating to the commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic and general activities and condition of the people of Canada.” The organization, a federal government agency, is headed by the Chief Statistician of Canada and reports to Parliament through the Minister of Industry Canada. Statistics Canada provides information to governments at every level and is the source of statistical information for business, labour, academic and social institutions, professional associations, the international statistical community, and the general public. This information is produced at the national and provincial levels and, in some cases, for major population centres and other sub-provincial or “small” areas. The Agency fosters relations not only within Canada but also throughout the world, by participating in a number of international meetings and professional exchanges. Statistics Canada was responsible for managing the design and implementation of the International Adult Literacy Survey in co-operation with the Educational Testing Service of Princeton, New Jersey, and national survey teams. Note of Appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long standing co-operative effort involving Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued co-operation and good will. All rights reserved. The content of this publication may be reproduced, in whole or in part, and by any means, without further permission from Statistics Canada, subject to the following conditions: that it is done solely for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review, newspaper summary, and/or for non-commercial purposes; and that Statistics Canada be fully acknowledged as follows: Source (or “Adapted from”, if appropriate): Statistics Canada, name of product, catalogue, volume and issue numbers, reference period and page(s). Otherwise, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, for any purposes, without the prior written permission of Licensing Services, Marketing Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0T6. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada.. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. © Minister of Industry , Canada and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, 2005 Foreword In the age of electricity and automation, the globe becomes a community of continuous learning, a single campus in which everybody irrespective of age, is involved in learning a living. Marshall McLuhan, 1964 Foreword Change is a defining feature of modern life. Technologies change, the organization of work changes, terms of trade change, communities evolve and social roles change as individuals negotiate the life course. Hence change is unavoidable. It obliges individuals, families, schools, firms and nations to adapt. People and institutions that have the ability to adapt are resilient; they survive and have a chance to flourish. In contrast, those lacking the ability to adapt become vulnerable and dependent. The ability to adapt to change depends, to a large extent, on the pool of skills upon which individuals, institutions and nations can call. The fundamental goal of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) is to shed new light on the twin processes of skill gain and loss. This is achieved through measurement of prose and document literacy of adults for a second time in some countries. Further, the study has extended the range of skills measured by adding problem solving, numeracy and information and communication technology (ICT) skill. This allows one to examine the profiles of important foundation skills. Thus the study makes it possible, for the first time, to explore the interrelationships among skill domains as well as their links to major antecedents and outcomes, such as the quantity and quality of initial education and skill’s impact on employability, wages, and health. This report is meant to assist individuals, educators, employers and other decision makers in four areas: • Removing skill deficits that act as barriers to innovation, productivity and high rates of economic growth; • Limiting and reversing social exclusion and income inequality; • Reducing the unit cost of delivering public health care and education services; • Improving quality in a broad range of contexts from public services to quality
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