1 Introduction 2 D. Gwenallt Jones: Plasau'r Brenin (1934)

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1 Introduction 2 D. Gwenallt Jones: Plasau'r Brenin (1934) Notes 1 Introduction 1. Padraic Colum (1921) The Golden Fleece and the heroes who lived before Achilles (New York: Macmillan). 2 D. Gwenallt Jones: Plasau’r Brenin (1934) and ‘Dartmoor’ (1941) 1. Perhaps 2009. From: http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/a/v/ Huw-T-Davies/BOOK-0001/0001-0001.html 2. This is not to suggest that Gwenallt suffered, in a clinical sense, from disso- ciative personality, or identity, disorder (e.g., Haddock, 2001). 3. These poems were published in T. Gwynn Jones’ 1934 collection Caniadau, having been previously published in various outlets. 4. /nwyd/, meaning ‘passion’, is the word in T. Gwynn Jones 1934 version, / hoff/ means ‘fond’ or ‘dear’. 5. ‘Gwahoddiad’ is popularly referred to by the first line of its chorus ‘Arglwydd, dyma fi’ [Lord , here I am]. Also, it is popularly assumed to be an original Welsh language hymn but it is, in fact, a translation by the Rev. John Roberts (bardic name ‘Ieuan Gwyllt’ – John of the Wild) of the English hymn ‘I Hear Thy Welcome Voice’ by Lewis Hartsough (1872). 6. The sources of this history are mostly conscientious objectors who were guided by religious principle and pacifism, in contrast to Gwenallt. The work is very sympathetic towards them. 3 Saunders Lewis: Buchedd Garmon (1937) 1. Note that a common alternative spelling in English is ‘Lleyn’. 2. An English translation of the lecture ‘Tynged yr Iaith’ [The Fate of the Language] is reproduced in Jones and Thomas (1973: 127–141). 3. Elis-Thomas is quoted on the back cover of Everything Must Change. 4. This position is in complete contrast to the expressed views of Gwynfor Evans, who succeeded Lewis as President of Plaid Cymru in 1945. In a quota- tion from a speech he made in 1973 and reproduced in Williams (Williams, C. H., 1996: 368) he very much appears to argue that only [a] ‘legitimate authority in police action’ can justifiably employ ‘physical violence’. It is part of an argument that Williams seems to find ‘persuasive’ (Williams, C. H., 1996: 365). 202 Notes 203 5 Waldo Williams: Dail Pren (1956) 1. refer: http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/1698 [Last accessed 2 February 2012]. 2. see: http://www.britisharmedforces.org/ns/nat_history.htm 3. see: http://www.hermitary.com/solitude/quaker_silence.html 4. see: http://www.ntwords.com; http://www.concordances.org/greek/3144.htm 5. It also echoes the Biblical question posed in Hebrews (2: 6): ‘What is man, that thou art mindful of him? or the sone of man, that thou visitest him?’, and in Job (7: 17): ‘What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him? and that thou shouldest set thine heart upon him?’ and also in Psalms (144: 3): ‘Lord, what is man, that thou takest knowledge of him! or the son of man, that thou makest account of him!’ 6. Welsh poets might either win a Chair or a Crown at the National Eisteddfod, the Chair is more prestigious. 7. see: http://www.logosapostolic.org/greek_word_studies/32_aggeloj_angelos_ angel.htm II Benyw – femininities 1. See The National Archives, National Register of Archives, GB/NNAF/ P227128, at: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView. asp?ID=P54057 6 Meg Elis: I’r Gad (1975), Carcharr (1978) and Cyn Daw’r Gaeaff (1985) 1. see: http://owainowain.net/ [last accessed 15 January 2012] 2. see: http://www.bepj.org.uk/remember-helen-at-greenham-common Note that the host website ‘Cyfiawnder a Heddwch – Bro Emlyn – for Peace and Justice’ is maintained by Cen Llwyd, formerly a prominent Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg activist. 3. see: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=106-5gcw&cid =-1#-1 7 Menna Elfyn: Tro’r Haul Arno (1982) and Cell Angell (1996) 1. see: http://www.inizjamed.org/menna_in_malta.htm 2. see: http://literature.britishcouncil.org/menna-elfyn 3. HMP Pucklechurch is now known as HMP Ashfield and is a Young Offenders Institute. Stephen Fry spent three months there in 1975. 4. see: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/carolyn-forche 5. see: http://literature.britishcouncil.org/menna-elfyn 204 Notes 8 Angharad Tomos: Yma o Hyd (1985) 1. Hunter explains ‘awen’ as ‘the word for “poetic inspiration”. It can also be taken as referring to poetry’ (Hunter, 1997: 93). 2. For a very brief definition see: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/#PheSpi 3. The title is a line taken from a popular Welsh lullaby. 9 Conclusions 1. Emyr Llywelyn was prominent in both Adfer and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg. Cledwyn Hughes was the Secretary of State for Wales between 1966 and 1968. He was succeeded by George Thomas, who held the post from 1968 until 1970. 2. see: http://www.dyfodol.net/ 3. The author is most grateful Dewi Prysor for providing him with a copy of the text of the unpublished drama. 4. see also the website of ‘Cymuned’ http://cymuned.net/blogsaesneg/?page _id=75 Bibliography Aaron, J. (1997) ‘Women in search of a Welsh identity’, Scottish Affairs, 18 Winter, available at: http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa18/sa18_Aaron.pdf Aaron, J. (2000) ‘ “Glywi di ‘nghuro?”: Agweddau ar nofelau Angharad Tomos 1979–1997’, in Rowlands, J. (ed.) Y Sêr yn eu Graddau. Golwg ar Ffurfafen y Nofel Gymraeg Ddiweddarr (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), pp. 122–143. Abou-bakr, R. (2009) ‘The political prisoner as antihero. The prison poetry of Wole Soyinka and ‘Ahmad Fu’ad Nigim’, Comparative Literature Studies, 46.2: 261–286. Agger, G. (1999) ‘Intertextuality revisited: Dialogues and negotiations in media studies’, Canadian Journal of Aesthetics, 4, available at: http://www.uqtr.uque- bec.ca/AE/vol_4/index.htm Allchin, D., Morgan, D. D. and Thomas, p. (2000) Sensuous Glory: The Poetic Vision of D. Gwenallt Jones (Norwich: Canterbury Press). Andrews, K. and Edwards, B. (2004) Advocacy organizations in the US political process’ Annual Review of Sociologyy 30: 479–506. ap Hywel, E. (2011) ‘Rhagair y golygydd’, in Menna Elfyn (2011) Merch Perygl. Cerddi 1976–2011 (Llandysul: Gomer), pp. Xiii–xv. Austin, J. L. (1962) How To Do Things With Words (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Azzopardi, C. (2002) ‘Welsh writer Menna Elfyn in Malta’, available at: http:// www.inizjamed.org/menna_in_malta.htm Azzopardi, C. and Veella, K. (2002) ‘A writer on the outside’, The Sunday Times, 14 July. ap Gwilym, G.and Llwyd, A. (eds.) (1987) Blodeugerdd o Farddoniaeth Gymraeg yr Ugeinfed Ganriff (Llandysul: Gomer). ap Talfan, A. (1937) ‘Buchedd Garmon, drama farddol’, Heddiww, 2(5): 187–191. Babington, A., (1968) The Power to Silence. A History of Punishment in Britain (London: Maxwell). Bach, K. and Harnish, R. M. (1979) Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). Baines, M. (1991) ‘Ar air a gweithred ... holi Angharad Tomos’, Barn, 345 Hydref: 3–6. Bakhtin, M. M. (1984) (ed. and trans. Caryl Emerson]) Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Bartolo, G. (20 02) ‘Inter v iew w ith Menna Elf y n’, The Malta Independent on Sundayy, 28 July, available at: http://www.inizjamed.org/menna_in_malta.htm Baudrillard, (2003) The Spirit of Terrorism (London: Verso). BBC News (2010) New papers reveal hunger strike secret of S4C’s birth, 30th December available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-12062288? Beddoe Jones, J. (1978) ‘Gwenallt yn Dartmoor’, Barddas, 15: 1–2. Benoît, F. (1953) ‘L’Ogmios de Lucien, la “tête coupée”, et le cycle mythologique irlandais et gallois’, Ogam, 5: 33–42. Bercot, D. W. (ed.) (1998) A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers). 205 206 Bibliography Berthaumier, L. (1854) Oeuvres Spirituelles de Saint Bonaventure Vol: III (Paris: Louis Vivès). Bevan, H. (1971) ‘Cwmwl haf’, Y Traethodydd, Hydref, CXXVI(540): 296–302. Bianchi, T. (1978) ‘Waldo ac apocalyps’, reproduced in Rhys, R. (ed.) (1981) Waldo Williams (Swansea: Gwasg Christopher Davies), pp. 296–309. Bibbings, L. S. (2003) ‘Images of manliness: The portrayal of soldiers and consci- entious objectors in the Great War’, Social and Legal Studies, 12(3): 335–358. Bibbings, L. S. (2009) Telling Tales about Men: Conceptions of Conscientious Objectors to Military Service during the First World Warr (Manchester: Manchester University Press). Billig, M. and MacMillan, K. (2005) ‘Metaphor, idiom and ideology: the search for “no smoking guns” across time’, Discourse and Societyy, 16(4): 459–480. Binding, p. (2003) ‘The Alderman’s dilemma. A review of “Old people are a problem” by Emyr Humphreys’, The Times Literary Supplementt, Sunday, 28 December. Birkel, M. L. (2004) Silence and Witness: The Quaker Tradition (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books). Bisbort, A. (2006a) When You Read This, They Will Have Killed Me: The Life and Redemption of Caryl Chessman, Whose Execution Shook America (New York: Carroll & Graf). Bisbort, A. (2006b) ‘Belly of the beast’, 6 November 2006, available at: http:// breakallchains.blogspot.com/2006/11/alan-bisbort-belly-of-beast.html Bisbort, A. (2010) ‘Written in prison’, 24 May 2010, available at: http://www. litkicks.com/WrittenInPrison Blumer, H. G. (1969) ‘Collective Behavior’, in McClung Lee, A. (ed.), Principles of Sociologyy (New York: Barnes and Noble Books), pp. 65–121. Bonaventura (1259-1260) Tractatus de Praeparatione ad Missam MS. French trans- lation available at: http://jesusmarie.free.fr/bonaventure_preparation_a_la_ sainte_messe.html Booth-Yudelman, G. C. (1997) ‘South African political prison-literature between 1948 and 1990: the prisoner as writer and political commentator’ (unpub- lished PhD thesis: University of South Africa). Bosco, M. (1971) ‘Atgofion V’, Y Traethodydd, Hydref, CXXVI (540): 240–246. Bosco, M. (1977) ‘Atgofion’, in Nicholas, J. (ed.) Waldo (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer), pp. 51–57. Bostock, J. and Riley, H. T. (1855) The Natural History. Pliny the Elderr (London: Taylor & Francis). Bourdieu, p. (1991) Language and Symbolic Powerr (Cambridge: Polity Press).
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