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TEACHING RADIO JOURNALISTS TO REPORT ON HIV A Manual for Trainers We need doctors and nurses to provide treatment, ‘but when it comes to HIV prevention more lives will be saved by journalists, teachers and politicians. ̶ DR. PETER PIOT, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,’ UNAIDS TEACHING RADIO JOURNALISTS TO REPORT ON HIV A Manual for Trainers Edited by Mia Malan Published by Internews Network’s Local Voices program in September 2008, Washington, D.C. www.internews.org +1 202-833-5740 Introduction Dear Trainer, This manual consists of lesson plans, exercises, and a training agenda developed by Internews Networks’ Local Voices programs to train radio journalists in HIV reporting. We hope this train- ing manual will help you to develop your own training program. At least 70% of these training exercises focus on teaching such radio reporting skills as inter- viewing, scriptwriting, digital sound editing, and sound recording. The rest focuses on HIV-spe- cific skills, such as language use and developing HIV knowledge. The Local Voices program is convinced that journalists will only be able to use HIV knowledge on radio effectively if they’re given the opportunity to also develop their storytelling and reporting skills. The CD that accompanies this manual contains all the training exercises and lesson plans in the manual. This enables you to adapt them to your region and training needs. The CD also con- tains sound used in some of the exercises. Chapter 5 contains a training agenda that works well for seven-day training workshops. You can either use it as a set agenda, or adjust it to better suit your needs. The exercises and lesson plans that are referred to in the training agenda are explained step by step in the different chapters of this manual. The hand-outs and answer sheets that you will need to carry out some of the exercises are also provided. As a trainer, you may have your own training methods and preferences. This manual does not intend to prescribe to you how to train but rather to assist you with useful workshop exercises, guidelines, and insight into a training method that has worked well in Kenya, Nigeria, and India. Should you require any additional information, please contact Internews at [email protected]. This manual is also available on the Internews website at www.internews.org. We wish you all the best with your HIV journalism training workshops and trust that they will equip journalists to tell stories that change people’s lives for the better. Best regards, Mia Malan Manual Editor and Internews Senior Health Journalism Advisor September 2008 Table of Contents Chapter 1: THE LOCAL VOICES TRAINING MODEL Mia Malan .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2: HOW ADULTS LEARN Laura Randall-Cooper ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3: PLANNING YOUR TRAINING Sandra Ndonye and Ann Mikia ........................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 4: TEACHING JOURNALISTS WHAT MAKES HIV REPORTING DIFFERENT Jaya Shreedhar and Sara Barrett ......................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 5: TRAINING AGENDAS Mia Malan .................................................................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 6: ICEBREAKERS AND ENERGIZERS Mia Malan .................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Chapter 7: TEACHING JOURNALISTS HOW TO DO RESEARCH Sandra Ndonye .......................................................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 8: TEACHING JOURNALISTS HOW TO DO RADIO INTERVIEWS Ida Jooste .................................................................................................................................................................. 107 Chapter 9: TEACHING JOURNALISTS HOW TO WRITE FOR RADIO Mia Malan ................................................................................................................................................................. 131 Chapter 10: TEACHING JOURNALISTS HOW TO RECORD GOOD, CREATIVE SOUND Sonya De Masi ......................................................................................................................................................... 159 Chapter 11: TEACHING JOURNALISTS HOW TO EDIT SOUND Sonya De Masi ......................................................................................................................................................... 181 Chapter 12: MENTORING JOURNALISTS AND FOLLOW-UP SUPPORT Mia Malan ................................................................................................................................................................. 203 Chapter 13: EVALUATING YOUR TRAINING Mia Malan ................................................................................................................................................................. 211 Internews Radio Training Manual Authors Mia Malan is the Senior Health Journalism Advisor for Internews’ Local Voices program. She was instrumental in developing and implementing the Local Voices Training Model. Mia was the Resident Advisor for the first Local Voices program – in Kenya – for four years. During this time she designed the Local Voices curriculum many of the exercises contained in this manual. Prior to joining Internews, Mia was the national health correspondent of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). She’s won numerous awards for her health reporting. Mia is the Managing Editor of the Local Voices Training Manual and also the author of Chapter 1: The Local Voices Training Model; Chapter 5: Training Agendas; Chapter 6: Icebreakers and Energizers; Chapter 9: Teaching Journalists How to Write for Radio; Chapter 12: Mentoring Journalists and Follow-up Support; and Chapter 13: Evaluating Your Training. Sonya De Masi is the Resident Advisor for Internews Network’s Ethiopia Project, which trains and supports journalists in HIV/AIDS reporting. A former journalist at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, including the international service, Radio Australia, Sonya previously produced programs on current affairs in Asia and the Pacific regions. She is an award-winning journalist who has worked in radio and television for both of Australia’s national broadcasters since 1994. She moved into media 7 development after completing a masters research degree in applied communication and journalism. Sonya is the author of Chapter 10: Teaching Journalists How to Record Good, Creative Sound and Chapter 11: Teaching Journalists How to Edit Sound. Ann Mikia has been a radio trainer with Internews since October 2006. She is also an alumna of Internews' Local Voices Training program (2003-4). Before joining Internews, Ann produced “A Stitch in Time,“ a program on HIV/AIDS for Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), as well as other programs. She won a Union for Radio and Television Networks for Africa award (URTNA) in 2004 for the best radio program on HIV on the continent. Ann co-authored Chapter 3: Planning Your Training. Sandra Ndonye is Internews Kenya’s Media Manager. Before joining Internews in May 2004, she worked for the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) for four years as a television and radio journalist/presenter. Sandra is an alumna of Internews' Local Voices training program (2003-4). She manages Internews Kenya's Media Resource Center and also trains journalists. Sandra co-authored Chapter 3: Planning Your Training and authored Chapter 7: Teaching Journalists How to Do Research. Internews Radio Training Manual Laura Randall-Cooper has 25 years of experience in broadcast journalism, international public relations, media development, and community media. Laura served as the bureau chief for NBC News in Moscow from 1995-7 and has conducted numerous media training workshops in republics of the former Soviet Union. She now works as a strategic communications and media development consultant in Washington. She authored Chapter 2: How Adults Learn. Jaya Shreedhar is Project Director for Internews in India. She trained print journalists on HIV reporting in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu before joining Internews as a full-time employee. A physician and a former specialist correspondent covering health and medicine at Frontline magazine, Jaya is an adjunct faculty member teaching health journalism at the Chennai-based Asian College of Journalism. She has won awards for her writing on health issues. Jaya co-authored Chapter 4: Teaching Journalists What Makes HIV Reporting Different. Ida Jooste joined Internews Network in Nairobi in November 2006 to train broadcast 8 journalists in Kenya, equipping them with the skills to report HIV/AIDS science accurately and to use sensitivity in writing about people living with HIV. Before this, she was a reporter, producer, and news manager with the South Africa Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) focusing on political conflict reportage, regional conflict resolution efforts, and science and development issues. In 1996 she