DOCSLIB.ORG

Humiliation and Education in a Dani Modernity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Humiliation and Education in a Dani Modernity Dreams Made Small: Humiliation and Education in a Dani Modernity Jenny Munro A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The Australian National University December 2009 **This electronic version has been edited to reduce digital size and is not the same as the printed version or the full electronic version with images** This thesis is the original work of the author except where otherwise acknowledged. Jenny Munro Department of Anthropology Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University i Abstract Indigenous youth from the Baliem Valley area of Papua, Indonesia aspire to be part of ‘progress’ ( kemajuan ) in their isolated region but are constrained by colonial conditions that favour migrant Indonesians. In this thesis, indigenous Dani students leave the tense social and political setting of highlands Papua in order, they say, to broaden their horizons in North Sulawesi, a relatively prosperous, peaceful province four days west of Papua by passenger ship. Based on 16 months of fieldwork conducted in 2005-2006 and 2009, this thesis explores Dani efforts to gain university degrees and obtain ‘modern’ skills and capabilities in a tangled web of racial stigma, prejudice, institutionalized corruption, and intense relationships with other Papuan highlanders. It follows Dani graduates back to the Baliem Valley to see what results they create from a university degree. This exploration of the personal histories and life chances of stigmatized individuals sheds light on Papuan nationalism, the everyday production and negotiation of racial hierarchies, and how affect, in this case humiliation, fuels the formation of a particular vision of identity and the future. ii Acknowledgements This thesis is the product of my own education abroad, and it has been sponsored by many people in diverse places. I owe my biggest debt of gratitude to my family in Canada, especially my parents, Peg Shelley and Keith Munro. During fieldwork in Indonesia my caring relatives worried on my behalf about avian flu, earthquakes, typhoid, imprisonment, and a host of other unlikely dangers so that I could enjoy myself. Only once did they call the Canadian embassy in Jakarta to have me tracked down. In Indonesia, I owe tremendous thanks to my Dani friends and informants, especially Amina, Welison, Olvy, Welem, Herman, Lao, Domi, Ika, Lan, Nerina, Isak, Lince, Darmon, Apas, and Via in North Sulawesi. In Wouma, Misi, Pugima, and Hom Hom, I am grateful to everyone who accepted me into their homes and shared their thoughts and sweet potatoes with me, especially Bapa Siko, Marike, and Bapa Yohanis. In Manado, I had the good fortune to make friends with Maureen Roble from New Jersey, who found her long lost cousins in Davao, the Philippines. Maureen was a great companion on an exploration of the best and worst of North Sulawesi charm and prejudice. She also gracefully handled the privilege of having a typhoid- and dengue-infected friend stuck on her couch for two weeks in 2005. Dr Lucky Sondakh and Pangky Pangemanan in Manado arranged my sponsorship by Sam Ratulangi University and were highly professional and helpful. My work was also supported by funding from the Department of Anthropology, RSPAS, and by the ANU’s International Education office. My supervisors Prof Kathryn Robinson and Dr Chris Ballard provided thoughtful, compassionate direction and helpful advice throughout my PhD. For better or for worse, they let me make this thesis my own. I also benefited from advice from Dr Andrew McWilliam, Dr Andy Kipnis, Dr Patrick Guinness, and Prof Terence Hull. Stephen Meatheringham, Fay Castles, and Pen Judd have amiably gotten me out of many administrative and technical tangles. I would like to thank my thesis examiners for their extremely helpful and thoughtful comments; their enthusiasm has renewed mine. My ‘multi-sited’ research project pales in comparison to this ‘multi-sited’ writing project. In each place where I worked on this thesis, I had support from family and friends. In Canberra, I had a cohort of friends who started their PhDs iii around the same time and epitomized the life of an anthropology student – absorbed in our own tasks and responsibilities, scattered around the globe during fieldwork, sharing an email or a coffee or a chat in our department halls when fulfilling our other human needs for sustenance and bathroom-breaks. I want to wish my friendly colleagues well: Sinwen Lau, Mar Khin, Lintje Pellu, Angie Bexley, Aileen Pangutalan, and Mike Cookson. In Jayapura, Wamena and Bali, Nelly Itlay, Nata Lagowan, and Mama Viki helped care for my son so I had time to work, as did my aunt Sherry Shelley in Nanaimo, Canada. David and Bernadette Haluk were a great source of support and friendship in Dubbo, Australia. Traci Smith has been a very good friend in Canberra, Goulburn, and Bali. No one knows more about the all-consuming effort of a PhD than my husband, Herman Lagowan, and son, Oliver, who are extremely glad that this is the last page of my thesis. I want to thank them both for accompanying me on this journey, and for not allowing this pursuit to consume me. This work owes much to the inspiration and enthusiasm of my friend and colleague Dr Leslie Butt, who, like it or not, is responsible for pointing out this path. Any path that leads to Wamena is a good path, I think. iv This thesis is dedicated to Papuans and others who do the work of imagining how things might be different. v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................... ix List of Maps ........................................................................................................ ix INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 ‘Problematized’ ................................................................................................... 1 Research Setting: Among the Dani in North Sulawesi ..................................... 9 A ‘ Bule Sendiri’ (Lone White Foreigner) ..................................................... 15 Racialized Affiliations ................................................................................. 18 “Presence Builds Trust” .............................................................................. 20 Terminology ................................................................................................... 26 Thesis Outline ................................................................................................ 28 CHAPTER 1: Discourses of Diminishment in the Baliem Valley ................... 32 Constructions of the Papuan ......................................................................... 33 ‘Uplifting’ in the Baliem Valley ........................................................................ 37 The Development Era: ................................................................................... 40 Indonesianizing the ‘Penis-Gourd’ People ..................................................... 40 Becoming Indonesian in School ................................................................. 45 Developing Good Quality ‘Human Resources’ ........................................... 47 Migrants and Diminishment in the Baliem Valley ........................................ 53 An Indonesian Gaze? .................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER 2: Experiences of Progress in the Baliem Valley ......................... 58 Influencing the Future: Dani Discourses on Formal Education ...................... 61 Controlling Efficacy ..................................................................................... 62 Colonisation and Decolonisation: Education as a Way Forward ................ 64 Embracing Progress ...................................................................................... 66 Viktor and Nelly: Showing Goodness in Wouma ........................................ 66 Keeping Impropriety out of Sight ................................................................ 68 A Daily Struggle to Get Ahead .................................................................... 71 A Big Man’s Shame .................................................................................... 74 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER 3: “Where’s the city!?” : Newcomers in North Sulawesi .............. 80 vi Host Communities ......................................................................................... 81 ‘Wamena People’ in North Sulawesi .............................................................. 86 Dormitory Living ......................................................................................... 90 Sponsorship ............................................................................................... 94 A Spiritual Place ......................................................................................... 98 “Wherever we go, we garden” .................................................................... 99 CHAPTER 4: Orang
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Papau New Guinea, Soloman Islands, and Vanuatu
    PAPUA NEW GUINEA COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Mary Seymour Olmsted 1975-1979 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea Harvey Feldman 1979-1981 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea Morton R. Dworken, Jr. 1983-1985 Deputy Chief of Mission, Port Moresby Paul F. Gardner 1984-1986 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea Robert Pringle 1985-1987 Deputy Chief of Mission, Port Moresby Everett E. Bierman 1986-1989 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea William Farrand 1990-1993 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea Richard W. Teare 1993-1996 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea John Allen Cushing 1997-1998 Consular/Political Officer, Port Moresby Arma Jane Karaer 1997-2000 Ambassador, Papua New Guinea MARY SEYMOUR OLMSTED Ambassador Papua New Guinea (1975-1979) Ambassador Mary Seymour Olmsted was born in Duluth, Minnesota and raised in Florida. She received a bachelor's degree in economics from Mount Holyoke College and a master's degree from Columbia University. Ambassador Olmsted's Foreign Service career included positions in India, Iceland, Austria, Washington, DC, and an ambassadorship to Papua New Guinea. Ambassador Olmsted was interviewed by Charles Stuart Kennedy in 1992. Q: That's an awful lot of responsibility, I would think. Now you went out to Port Moresby. That was in June of '74? OLMSTED: Yes. Q: As principal officer. So in other words, you were made Consul General. Sworn in and so forth. 1 OLMSTED: Yes. Q: At that time, did you know that was going to become an Embassy? OLMSTED: It seemed quite likely. Papua New Guinea, in the beginning, was obviously on the road to independence, and no one knew exactly when it would take place.
    [Show full text]
  • Tumbaga-Metal Figures from Panama: a Conservation Initiative to Save a Fragile Coll
    SPRING 2006 IssuE A PUBLICATION OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY • 11 DIVINITY AVENUE CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 DIGGING HARVARD YARD No smoking, drinking, glass-break­ the course, which was ing-what? Far from being a puritani­ taught by William Fash, cal haven, early Harvard College was a Howells director of the colorful and lively place. The first Peabody Museum, and Harvard students did more than wor­ Patricia Capone and Diana ship and study: they smoked, drank, Loren, Peabody Museum and broke a lot of windows. None of associate curators. They which was allowed, except on rare were assisted by Molly occasion. In the early days, Native Fierer-Donaldson, graduate American and English youth also stud­ student in Archaeology, ied, side by side. Archaeological and and Christina Hodge, historical records of early Harvard Peabody Museum senior Students excavating outside Matthews Hall. Photo by Patricia bring to life the experiences of our curatorial assistant and Capor1e. predecessors, teaching us that not only graduate student in is there an untold story to be Archaeology at Boston unearthed, but also, that we may learn University. ALEXANDER MARSHACK new perspectives by reflecting on our Archaeological data recovered from ARCHIVE DONATED TO THE shared history: a history that reaches Harvard Yard enriches our view of the PEABODY MUSEUM beyond the university walls to local seventeenth- through nineteenth-cen­ Native American communities. tury lives of students and faculty Jiving The Peabody Museum has received the The Fall 2005 course Anthropology in Harvard Yard. In the seventeenth generous donation of the photographs 1130: The Archaeology of Harvard Yard century, Harvard Yard included among and papers of Alexander Marshack brought today's Harvard students liter­ its four buildings the Old College, the from his widow, Elaine.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Ritual and Social Formation in West Papua
    Gender, ritual Pouwer Jan and social formation Gender, ritual in West Papua and social formation A configurational analysis comparing Kamoro and Asmat Gender,in West Papua ritual and social Gender, ritual and social formation in West Papua in West ritual and social formation Gender, This study, based on a lifelong involvement with New Guinea, compares the formation in West Papua culture of the Kamoro (18,000 people) with that of their eastern neighbours, the Asmat (40,000), both living on the south coast of West Papua, Indonesia. The comparison, showing substantial differences as well as striking similarities, contributes to a deeper understanding of both cultures. Part I looks at Kamoro society and culture through the window of its ritual cycle, framed by gender. Part II widens the view, offering in a comparative fashion a more detailed analysis of the socio-political and cosmo-mythological setting of the Kamoro and the Asmat rituals. These are closely linked with their social formations: matrilineally oriented for the Kamoro, patrilineally for the Asmat. Next is a systematic comparison of the rituals. Kamoro culture revolves around cosmological connections, ritual and play, whereas the Asmat central focus is on warfare and headhunting. Because of this difference in cultural orientation, similar, even identical, ritual acts and myths differ in meaning. The comparison includes a cross-cultural, structural analysis of relevant myths. This publication is of interest to scholars and students in Oceanic studies and those drawn to the comparative study of cultures. Jan Pouwer (1924) started his career as a government anthropologist in West New Guinea in the 1950s and 1960s, with periods of intensive fieldwork, in particular among the Kamoro.
    [Show full text]
  • INDONESIA Indonesia Is a Multiparty Democracy with a Population Of
    INDONESIA Indonesia is a multiparty democracy with a population of approximately 237 million. In July 2009 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was reelected president in free and fair elections. Domestic and international observers judged the April 2009 legislative elections generally free and fair as well. Security forces reported to civilian authorities, although the fact the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) continued to be partly self-financed had the potential to weaken this control. Human rights problems during the year included: occasional incidents, primarily in Papua and West Papua Provinces, of arbitrary and unlawful killings by security forces; vigilantism; sometimes harsh prison conditions; impunity for some officials; official corruption, including in the judicial system; some narrow and specific limitations on freedom of expression; societal abuse against religious groups and interference with freedom of religion sometimes with the complicity of local officials; trafficking in persons; child labor; and failure to enforce labor standards and worker rights. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The government or its agents did not commit any politically motivated killings; however, security force personnel killed a number of alleged criminals and terrorists in the course of apprehending them. On August 30, Kasmir Timumun died in police custody in Buol, Central Sulawesi, following his arrest for illegally racing a motorcycle. Police reported that Timumun committed suicide, but credible nongovernmental organization (NGO) sources reported that his body bore evidence of abuse. On August 31, a crowd of as many as 3,000 persons attacked the police station with rocks and Molotov cocktails.
    [Show full text]
  • Permissive Residents: West Papuan Refugees Living in Papua New Guinea
    Permissive residents West PaPuan refugees living in PaPua neW guinea Permissive residents West PaPuan refugees living in PaPua neW guinea Diana glazebrook MonograPhs in anthroPology series Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/permissive_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Glazebrook, Diana. Title: Permissive residents : West Papuan refugees living in Papua New Guinea / Diana Glazebrook. ISBN: 9781921536229 (pbk.) 9781921536236 (online) Subjects: Ethnology--Papua New Guinea--East Awin. Refugees--Papua New Guinea--East Awin. Refugees--Papua (Indonesia) Dewey Number: 305.8009953 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Teresa Prowse. Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2008 ANU E Press Dedicated to the memory of Arnold Ap (1 July 1945 – 26 April 1984) and Marthen Rumabar (d. 2006). Table of Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Glossary xiii Prologue 1 Intoxicating flag Chapter 1. Speaking historically about West Papua 13 Chapter 2. Culture as the conscious object of performance 31 Chapter 3. A flight path 51 Chapter 4. Sensing displacement 63 Chapter 5. Refugee settlements as social spaces 77 Chapter 6. Inscribing the empty rainforest with our history 85 Chapter 7. Unsated sago appetites 95 Chapter 8. Becoming translokal 107 Chapter 9. Permissive residents 117 Chapter 10. Relocation to connected places 131 Chapter 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Governing New Guinea New
    Governing New Guinea New Guinea Governing An oral history of Papuan administrators, 1950-1990 Governing For the first time, indigenous Papuan administrators share their experiences in governing their country with an inter- national public. They were the brokers of development. After graduating from the School for Indigenous Administrators New Guinea (OSIBA) they served in the Dutch administration until 1962. The period 1962-1969 stands out as turbulent and dangerous, Leontine Visser (Ed) and has in many cases curbed professional careers. The politi- cal and administrative transformations under the Indonesian governance of Irian Jaya/Papua are then recounted, as they remained in active service until retirement in the early 1990s. The book brings together 17 oral histories of the everyday life of Papuan civil servants, including their relationship with superiors and colleagues, the murder of a Dutch administrator, how they translated ‘development’ to the Papuan people, the organisation of the first democratic institutions, and the actual political and economic conditions leading up to the so-called Act of Free Choice. Finally, they share their experiences in the UNTEA and Indonesian government organisation. Leontine Visser is Professor of Development Anthropology at Wageningen University. Her research focuses on governance and natural resources management in eastern Indonesia. Leontine Visser (Ed.) ISBN 978-90-6718-393-2 9 789067 183932 GOVERNING NEW GUINEA KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE GOVERNING NEW GUINEA An oral history of Papuan administrators, 1950-1990 EDITED BY LEONTINE VISSER KITLV Press Leiden 2012 Published by: KITLV Press Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • West Papua Local Election
    1 Published by The Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL Foundation) 105 Suthisarnwinichai Rd, Huaykwang Bangkok 10320, Thailand Website: www.anfrel.org Writter by: Ichal Supriadi Edited by: Ryan D. Whelan Contributor: Paolo B. Maligaya Margaretha T. Andoea. Cover by: Pongsak Chanon Supported by: 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................3 WEST PAPUA MAP ..............................................................................................................................4 ABBREVIATION....................................................................................................................................5 WEST PAPUA GOVERNANCE, A GLANCE...................................................................................6 GENERAL ELECTIONS ...................................................................................................................7 POLITICAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................................................10 ELECTION ADMINISTRATION.......................................................................................................18 CANDIDATES .................................................................................................................................19 VOTER REGISTRATION ...............................................................................................................21 VOTER EDUCATION AND
    [Show full text]
  • Book of the Discovery Channel Documentary "Out of Eden/The Real Eve" (2002) by Stephen Oppenheimer
    Book of the Discovery Channel Documentary "Out of Eden/The Real Eve" (2002) by Stephen Oppenheimer The book manuscript was originally titled: “Exodus: the genetic trail out of Africa” and was submitted by the author to Constable Robinson publishers also in June 2002, was accepted, edited and then multiply published 2003/4 in UK, USA & South Africa as: Out of Eden: The peopling of the world”(UK) The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa”(US) & “Out of Africa's Eden: the peopling of the world”(SA) … and subsequently in various foreign translations The document following below contains parts of the author’s original text as submitted to the publisher. It includes the summary Contents pages for the 7 chapters, but also gives full text for the original Preface, Prologue and Epilogue : Contents (Full author’s copyright submitted text of Preface, Prologue and Epilogue follow ‘Contents’) Preface 5 Prologue: 9 1: Why us? Where do we come from? - Why us - The climate our teacher - Walking apes - Growing brains in the big dry- Why did we grow big brains? II. Talking apes Touched with the gift of speech? - Baldwin's idea - Ever newer models - How did our brain grow and what does it do for us? - Redundant computing power or increasing central control? - Food for thought or just talking about food? - Symbolic thought and Language: purely human abilities? - Speech and higher thought: big bang creation or gradual evolution? Chapter 1: Out of Africa 32 Introduction - Cardboard keys to Life - A Black Eve - Objections from multi-regionalists - Objections
    [Show full text]
  • Five Tribes of Papua & Raja Ampat West Papua Raja Ampat
    Ultimate Indonesian Yachts 13-DAY / 12-NIGHT ITINERARY – FIVE TRIBES OF PAPUA & RAJA AMPAT Embark on a 13-day adventure combining West Papua and Raja Ampat. This journey will take you across West Papua by private plane, culminating with a sailing sojourn in the tropical Raja Ampat islands onboard a private yacht. This journey begins in Jayapura and ends in Sorong. WEST PAPUA There’s no better way to gain insight into the mysterious tribes and majestic landscapes of West Papua than by private plane with an expert guide. Begin with the Baliem Valley, where the Dani tribe is the only community to have developed an agricultural system, followed by the Yali area in the Jayawijaya Mountains, rich in stunning topography. Break bread with the legendary Tree People of the Korowai and Kombai tribes, the smallest most isolated groups in Papua. Living deep in the jungle, they live nomadically and build houses in the canopy. Finally, visit the infamous headhunting Asmat tribe, also known as skilled artists, crafting sculptures recognised throughout Indonesia. From ceremonies, dances and sago feasts in isolated villages to flying over the second largest rainforest in the world, trekking across mountains and canoeing quiet waterways, West Papua makes for a truly wild adventure. RAJA AMPAT The Raja Ampat archipelago translates as ‘Four Kings’, referring to the four main islands of Salawati, Batanta, Waigeo and Misool, which are in turn surrounded by approximately 1,500 wild isles with pristine beaches and sheer limestone cliffs plunging into aqua seas. Above water, the islands’ heritage is diverse, with prehistoric cave paintings and relics from past eras.
    [Show full text]
  • "Don't Bother, Just Let Him Die"
    "DON'T BOTHER, JUST LET HIM DIE" KILLING WITH IMPUNITY IN PAPUA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International Indonesia 2018 Cover photo: A Papuan woman mourns the victim of shootings in Paniai Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a © Amnesty International Indonesia/Bagus Septa Pratama Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons license. First published in 2018 by Amnesty International Indonesia HDI Hive Menteng 3rd Floor, Probolinggo 18 Jakarta Pusat 10350 Index: ASA 21/8198/2018 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International Indonesia amnesty.org – amnestyindonesia.org "DON'T BOTHER, JUST LET HIM DIE": KILLING WITH IMPUNITY IN PAPUA "DON'T BOTHER, JUST LET HIM DIE": KILLING WITH IMPUNITY IN PAPUA 3 Amnesty International Indonesia CONTENTS GLOSSARY 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 2. BACKGROUND 13 3. INDONESIA’S OBLIGATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION 23 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Jurnal Bestuur Vol.7, Issue.1, Agustus, 2019 P-ISSN 2302-3783 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (cc-by) Economic Law Creation Beautiful Global Indonesia Liana Endah Susanti Faculty of Law, Universitas Soerjo Ngawi – Indonesia. Email Coresponden: [email protected] Abstract Indonesia is the world 's largest archipelago with 1,904,569 km2 of surface area. A very diverse landscape with a variety of abundance of flora and fauna is a special attraction for foreign tourists. Not only that, the natural wealth in Indonesia 's intestines is also very abundant, as are various minerals and richness from other mining materials. However, a abundance of skilled human capital, both in terms of science and technology mastered, do not complement the plentiful natural resources. This is one of the reasons superpowers should be providing cooperation. PT. PT. Freeport is an clear example of Indonesia 's collaboration in the mining sector with foreign parties. The first contract for Freeport-Indonesia was established in 1967. After the Foreign Investment Law was passed in 1967, Freeport became the first foreign mining firm to operate in Indonesia. But the existence of this partnership was regretted by many because it was perceived to be detrimental to the region. The reason is that so far nobody knows for sure how much gold and silver has been produced from the mining to date. The magnitude of the distribution of mining goods is also not quite good given that Indonesia owns land which is turned into gold fields. There are, in fact, many reports uncovering miserable stories of discrimination by indigenous people around the mining region.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Urgency of Asymmetric Local Elections (Pilkada) in Papua
    Journal of Home Affairs Governance ARTICLE Measuring the Urgency of Asymmetric Local Elections (Pilkada) in Papua Agus Fatoni ✉ Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Home Affairs, Republic of Indonesia Jln. Kramat Raya No. 132, Central Jakarta, Indonesia ✉ [email protected] � OPEN ACCESS Abstract: The local elections (Pilkada) had been implemented since 2005 in Papua, Citation: Fatoni, A. (2020). Measuring the are deemed incapable of resolving problems. On the other hand, the direct local Urgency of Asymmetric Local Elections (Pilkada) in Papua.Jurnal Bina Praja, 12(2), elections' political costs are not small, both from the state's budget and from the 273–286.https://doi.org/10.21787/ candidates to the regions. Implementing direct local elections sometimes creates jbp.12.2020.273-286 ineffective governance, especially in areas that do not yet have a mature democracy. The ongoing local democratic system is also often colored by conflict. This research Received: October 13, 2020 focuses on the urgency of the asymmetric regional election in Papua. This research Accepted: November 22, 2020 will explain how important asymmetric local elections (Pilkada) is applied in Papua. Published: December 16, 2020 Moreover, this study uses a library method and a qualitative approach. The results of this study found several reasons for direct local elections, not yet satisfactory results. © The Author(s) Democratization in Papua is still not well consolidated. This research concludes that the warning to hold asymmetric local elections in Papua needs to be considered. This work is licensed under a Creative However, these choices are not final—contemporary decisions in preparing Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- communities' political and social structures.
    [Show full text]