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Toponomic Analysis of World Countries: Degree of Learning, Toponimic Classification and Natural Geographical Aspects ( Examples of European Countriyes)

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Toponomic Analysis of World Countries: Degree of Learning, Toponimic Classification and Natural Geographical Aspects ( Examples of European Countriyes) International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019 Toponomic Analysis of World Countries: Degree of Learning, Toponimic Classification and Natural Geographical Aspects ( Examples of European Countriyes) Khusnudin Bayqabilov, Asqar Nigmatov, Mirali Mirackmalov, Nurbol Karakulov Abstract: This article describes the state of geographical and A. Dose (France) for the study of geographical names of toponomic aspects of the world countries’ names and its different regions of the world; G. Rrae, M. Fesmer development trends. Physical and geographical peculiarities of (Germany); E. Euall, A. Smith, A. Rum, S. Mettyuz (UK); names of the Europe region are cointrs. The names cointrs of the A. Profouz, V. Shmilauer (Czech Republic); V. Tashitsky, Europe of this territory are mainly names related to geographical Yu. Stashevsky (Poland); V. Georgiev (Bulgaria); L. Kish location features of the place? Names associated with the relief, hydronums, phytonyms and zoonyms. (Hungary); G. Dragu (Romania); M. Olson (Sweden); J. Keywords: geography, toponomic research, the etymology, Stuart, N. Holmer (USA); J. Armstrong (Canada); The transcription, transliteration, scientific classification, lexical- services of scientists such as A. Kor dozu (Brazil) are great. semantic, the ancient times, geographical names associated with In Russia it is worth noting that B. F. Dobrinin (1885- 1951) the location, names associated with the relief, hydronyms, is a scientific country science school1. According to Russian phytonyms, zoonyms. scientist E. Murzayev, any topographic research should begin with studying geographical terms, because toponomic I. INTODUCTION terms are a universal key to the identification of the It is well known that toponomics is a special science etymology of most geographical names. Based on this, the between geography, history and linguistics, and is closely British Geographic La Dadli Stamp (1975) published a book associated with them, using the methods of research of these in English entitled “Glossary of Public Geographical sciences. As the theoretical basis of each science improves Languages” in English. In this book, G. W. Alman, E. Kant, and develops, it defines its object, object, and functions, and U. Olson of Scandinavian geographical terms; In German, naturally, the science is integrated into the process of K. Troll, K. A. Ziinxuber, G. Bosh, Т. H. Elkinz countries in integration and differentiation. At the same time, the the West African region. Experts like Garrison - Cherch are interdisciplinary connection is also expanding. Toponomics proud of their work. Arabian geographers, Greek and old is closely linked with natural geographical sciences, since it Roman historians, and Central Asian scientists have been is evident in the classification of geographic locations, their mentioned in the works since the ancient times to the middle natural geographical study, the principles of toponomic ages and to the eighteenth century. Although Yaquw research, methods of naming natural objects, and more. The Hamawi completed his work in 1224, the book Mujam al- countries in the world have their own name, and various Buldon (“Glossary of Globes”) was written in Arabic, but in factors have served as the basis for their name. Problems the form of a dictionary about the countries of the such as countries’ name and their etymology have been Mediterranean, Arabic and Academia, the legendary India studied relatively by toponomist scientists. This situation and China (Chin) and Muslim countries in North Africa is determines the relevance of the selected topic. The explained. In recent years in Uzbekistan, A. Hazratkulov emergence of geographical science as a science is largely (2006), R. Mahamadaliev (2012), K. Rajabov and B. related to the practical need of science. The scientists of the Kandov (2015). We can see Gadaev’s books (2012). eighteenth and nineteenth centuries studied the names of However, these books do not include country studies or the geographical objects in the process of studying, descriptive, etymology of some countries. The services of Russian descriptive objects. scientists are great in forming the toponymy as a science. In this area A. Dulzon, A. Matveev, A. Popov, Superanskaya, II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY V. Toropov, S. Tolstov, E. Pospel- ov, O. Trubachev, V. Juchkevich, R. The works of scientists such as Ageeva are The emergence of geographical names, their origin, known and popular. Later on, a group of geographers of the formation, meaning, and scientific study of the history of Moscow State University named after M. Sc. Prof. A. their nomination, in particular, their classification began in Gorkin has prepared the book “World Countries” the mid-18th century. During the 20th century, toponomic (Encyclopedia) (2013). It’s L. Aksyonova, T. Galkina, G. research has developed rapidly in foreign countries. Gladkevich, V. Strelskiy, S. Tak- hov’s articles about the world were translated into Uzbek by A. Mufiev in scientifically-popular language. In 2003, English explorer Revised Manuscript Received on November 15, 2019 Clive Gifford saw the globe on the World Countries and Khusnudin Bayqabilov, Asqar Nigmatov, Continents’ Book of Illustrations. This book was translated Mirali Mirackmalov, into Russian in 2004. Nurbol Karakulov Published By: Retrieval Number: D7403118419/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D7403.118419 814 & Sciences Publication Toponomic Analysis of World Countries: Degree of Learning, Toponimic Classification and Natural Geographical Aspects ( Examples of European Countriyes) This is one of the most pressing topics on the basis of the Studies. Teachers and students of the department of above-mentioned books, from the point of view of the geography, as well as people around the world, and so natural geographical aspects of the names of countries and on.We think that articles from the National Encyclopedia of the analysis of topography. At the same time, the Uzbekistan on world countries should include the country’s classification, transcription and transliteration of countries’ toponymy (name and etymology of capital cities). We have names are also important. One of the toponymists in considered the geographical and toponymic aspects of the Uzbekistan, Suyun Karayev, once said: “There are more names of the world countries inadequate. Academician V.V. than 200 countries around the world. Creating a transcript of Bartold wrote in his day: “Every researcher determines geographical names for each of them is not an easy task, something that is unclear, and every new interpretation except for the neighboring Turkic-speaking countries, so increases the number of errors. Whoever has more correctly many countries have yet to use the Russian-language understood, who has made many mistakes, should be left to transcript to write their local names in Uzbek” Referring to the future without any problems.” We can say that the name this scientific classification, the Russian toponymist writes: of each world has a certain amount of information, and it “As any state or territory has complex, multi-layered and often reflects a real event. The name of the countries cannot variable toponymy systems, it is difficult and even provide the required toponymic information even if it is impossible to create classification of single geographical morphologically and semantically transparent. Therefore, it names, which meets all the requirements.” We have found is appropriate to examine itself as a whole among its own the lexical-semantic classification of the names of the names. Creating toponymic classifications of world names world’s according to H. Hasanov’s method, first of all, to is a necessity. sort out the toponyms and then to formulate according to the The great classifier scientist prof. D. L. Armand (3) "It is rules of the language. Well-known Belarusian toponymist scientifically-based classification on the basis of any V. A. Juchkevich believes that the ideal classification of science". Such an axiom is encountered when it comes to ideal formulas must meet three basic requirements: what the theory and methodology of science or science and what objects are known, how it is called, in which researchers. The term "classification" (or making parts in languages and what means of the language, what is the uzbek) in Latin means "class", meaning the meaning of the name ? The answer is that the toponymy is an integral word "classification", which means to refer to events or science. Because the first question-geography, the second phenomena in general(4). The broader meaning of this question-linguistics, will have to answer the third question- concept is the separation of things, phenomena, processes, toponymy itself. Obviously, the classification problem is situations into specific classes and groups, and their practical, particularly in regional toponimic investigations. systematization, ie on the hierarchical stage. Toponymy is a Because any research work requires systematization of the Greek word for "topo" - a place and a name for "anoma" - data collected, that is, the classification. Therefore, the meaning origin, meanings, variation, current state, writing, creation of a single and universal scientific classification is pronunciation of place names. This has led to the the future of the future. The natural geographical aspect of recognition of integral (geography, philology, history) as the name of the world states necessitates research
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