Lateran Treaty and Italy
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The Biopolitics and Geopolitics of Border Enforcement in Melilla
The biopolitics and geopolitics of border enforcement in Melilla By: Corey Johnson and Reece Johnson Johnson, C., & Jones, R. (2018). The biopolitics and geopolitics of border enforcement in Melilla. Territory, Politics, Governance 6(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2016.1236746 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Territory, Politics, Governance on 06 October 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/21622671.2016.1236746. ***© 2016 Regional Studies Association. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Taylor & Francis. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: This article uses the multiple and contradictory realities of Melilla, a pene-enclave and -exclave of Spain in North Africa, to draw out the contemporary practice of Spanish, European Union, and Moroccan immigration enforcement policies. The city is many things at once: a piece of Europe in North Africa and a symbol of Spain’s colonial history; an example of the contemporary narrative of a cosmopolitan and multicultural Europe; a place where extraterritorial and intraterritorial dynamics demonstrate territory’s continuing allure despite the security challenges and the lack of economic or strategic value; a metaphorical island of contrasting geopolitical and biopolitical practices; and a place of regional flows and cross-border cooperation between Spain, the EU, and Morocco. It is a border where the immunitary logic of sovereign territorial spaces is exposed through the biopolitical practices of the state to ‘protect’ the community from outsiders. -
The Extraterritorial Application of American Law
THE EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF AMERICAN LAW: MYTHS AND REALITIES Laurent Cohen-Tanugi February 2015 THE EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF AMERICAN LAW: MYTHS AND REALITIES Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1 I. Extraterritoriality and International Law ......................................................................................2 Extraterritoriality: What Is It All About? .........................................................................................2 The Specificities of American Law ..................................................................................................5 II. Transatlantic Convergence ...........................................................................................................6 The Limitation of Extraterritorial Enforcement in the United States ...............................................7 The Expansion of the Extraterritorial Projection of European Law ...............................................11 III. An Effective Catalyst of the Internationalization of Law ..........................................................15 Extraterritoriality and Globalization ...............................................................................................15 American Leadership in International Economic Law Enforcement .............................................16 From Confrontation to Cooperation ...............................................................................................18 -
Extended CFP: Special Territorial Status and Extraterritoriality, Longyearbyen Svalbard, January 20-24 2019
H-Sport Extended CFP: Special Territorial Status and Extraterritoriality, Longyearbyen Svalbard, January 20-24 2019 Discussion published by Zachary T. Androus on Friday, September 7, 2018 Dear Colleagues, Island Dynamics is now accepting proposal submissions for the interdisciplinary conference Special Territorial Status and Extraterritoriality: Exceptional Sovereignties and Sovereign Exceptions, to be held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, January 20-24, 2019, the world's only visa- free zone and its northernmost inhabited territory. In addition to an engaging conference program, delegates will also be able to enjoy a dogsled excursion into the polar night and a guided visit to a historical Russian mining operation. The deadline for proposing a presentation is September 30, 2018. To submit a proposal and for registration information, please visit www.islanddynamics.org/extraterritoriality2019.html. While sport is not mentioned specifically in the call, the topic intersects with sport practices in a number of important ways and proposals addressing any of them are welcome. Call for Proposals: Territorially based sovereign states are commonly presented as the basic, fundamental units of the international political world system, and they clearly represent powerful, even dominant, forces in global institutions of governance. But the world is also replete with myriad cases that defy the presumed logic of state sovereignty as the elemental operating unit of the global political system. Certain contexts for extraterritorial legal jurisdiction over individuals or places, and the corresponding immunity from local laws, are well-established in international relations practice regarding diplomatic and military installations and personnel. Extraterritoriality can be conceptually expanded to effectively address a range of other ways in which particular territories, institutions, and individuals are subject to exceptional forms of political, legal, and existential status. -
THE LATERAN TREATY 11Th February, 1929
THE LATERAN TREATY 11th February, 1929 1. CONCILIATION TREATY In the name of the Most Holy Trinity. Whereas the Holy See and Ital have recognised the desirability of eliminating every reason for dissension existing between them and arriving at a final settlement of their reciprocal relations which shall be consistent with justice and with the dignity of both High Contracting Parties. And which by permanently assuring-to the Holy See a position de facto and de jure which shall guarantee absolute independence for the fulfilment of its exalted mission in the world permits the Holy See to consider as finally and irrevocably settled the Roman Question which arose in 1870 by the annexation of Rome to the Kingdom, of Italy, under the Dynasty of the House of Savoy; Whereas it was obligatory, for the purpose of assuring the absolute and visible independence of the Holy See. Likewise to guarantee its indisputable sovereignty in international matters, it has been found necessary to create under special conditions the Vatican City, recognising the full ownership, exclusive and absolute dominion and sovereign jurisdiction of the Holy See over that City; His Holiness the Supreme Pontiff Pius XI and His-Majesty Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, have agreed to conclude a Treaty, appointing for that purpose two Plenipotentiaries, being on behalf of His Holiness, His Secretary of State, viz. His Most Reverend Eminence the Lord Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, and on behalf of His Majesty, His Excellency the Cav. Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister and Head of the Government; who, having exchanged their respective full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have hereby agreed to the following articles: Article 1 Italy recognizes and reaffirms the principle established in the first Article of the Italian Constitution dated March 4, 1848, according to which the Catholic Apostolic Roman religion is the only State religion. -
Blessed Mother Catholic Church
270-683-8444 | blessedmotherchurch.com 3rd Sunday Of Advent December 13, 2020 Welcome to Blessed Mother Catholic Church PASTORAL TEAM Rev. J. Michael Clark, Pastor Phone ext. 25 Fr. Jamie Dennis, Parochial Vicar Phone ext. 22 Deacon Bill Bach phone 270-685-3743 Deacon Brett Mills Phone ext. 23 Mary Colburn, Business Manager phone ext. 21 [email protected] Christina Barnard, Youth Director phone ext. 28 [email protected] Cyndi Vaughan, Office Assistant phone ext. 24 [email protected] Patty Woerter, Music/Liturgy phone ext. 27 [email protected] Sharon Hudson, Pianist [email protected] Scott Wheatley, Maintenance Phone ext. 30 [email protected] OFFICE HOURS 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM | Monday - Friday I know well the plans I have in mind for you, Says the Lord, plans for your welfare, not for BULLETIN DEADLINE Monday at Noon to Cyndi Vaughan woe! Plans to give you a future full of hope. [email protected]. Holiday When you call me, when you go to pray to deadlines will be determined by publisher. me, I will listen to you. When you look for me, you will find me. Yes, when you seek me with PRAYER LINE NUMBERS Bulletin Prayer Line: Cyndi Vaughan all your heart, you will find me with you, says phone ext. 24. E-mail Line: Barbara the Lord, and I will change your lot… Cecil [email protected] or phone 270-929-3690 Jeremiah 29:11-14 Blessed Mother Catholic Church 3rd Sunday Of Advent December 13, 2020 Fr. Mike Fr. Jamie Calendar for the Week Clark Dennis Pastor Parochial Monday 6:30 AM Mass Vicar December 14 7:30 AM– 4 PM Eucharistic Adoration BAPTISM Parents must be registered in the parish and attend the baptism class. -
Three Main Groups of People Settled on Or Near the Italian Peninsula and Influenced Roman Civilization
Three main groups of people settled on or near the Italian peninsula and influenced Roman civilization. The Latins settled west of the Apennine Mountains and south of the Tiber River around 1000 B.C.E. While there were many advantages to their location near the river, frequent flooding also created problems. The Latin’s’ settlements were small villages built on the “Seven Hills of Rome”. These settlements were known as Latium. The people were farmers and raised livestock. They spoke their own language which became known as Latin. Eventually groups of these people united and formed the city of Rome. Latin became its official language. The Etruscans About 400 years later, another group of people, the Etruscans, settled west of the Apennines just north of the Tiber River. Archaeologists believe that these people came from the eastern Mediterranean region known as Asia Minor (present day Turkey). By 600 B.C.E., the Etruscans ruled much of northern and central Italy, including the town of Rome. The Etruscans were excellent builders and engineers. Two important structures the Romans adapted from the Etruscans were the arch and the cuniculus. The Etruscan arch rested on two pillars that supported a half circle of wedge-shaped stones. The keystone, or center stone, held the other stones in place. A cuniculus was a long underground trench. Vertical shafts connected it to the ground above. Etruscans used these trenches to irrigate land, drain swamps, and to carry water to their cities. The Romans adapted both of these structures and in time became better engineers than the Etruscans. -
The Holy See (Including Vatican City State)
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE EVALUATION OF ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING MEASURES AND THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM (MONEYVAL) MONEYVAL(2012)17 Mutual Evaluation Report Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism THE HOLY SEE (INCLUDING VATICAN CITY STATE) 4 July 2012 The Holy See (including Vatican City State) is evaluated by MONEYVAL pursuant to Resolution CM/Res(2011)5 of the Committee of Ministers of 6 April 2011. This evaluation was conducted by MONEYVAL and the report was adopted as a third round mutual evaluation report at its 39 th Plenary (Strasbourg, 2-6 July 2012). © [2012] Committee of experts on the evaluation of anti-money laundering measures and the financing of terrorism (MONEYVAL). All rights reserved. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. For any use for commercial purposes, no part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the MONEYVAL Secretariat, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Council of Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg or [email protected] ). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE AND SCOPE OF EVALUATION............................................................................................ 5 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... -
Italian: Repubblica Italiana),[7][8][9][10] Is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic Insouthern Europe
Italy ( i/ˈɪtəli/; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana),[7][8][9][10] is a unitary parliamentary republic inSouthern Europe. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale (the Boot).[11][12] With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 5th most populous country in Europe. Italy is a very highly developed country[13]and has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and the eighth-largest in the world.[14] Since ancient times, Etruscan, Magna Graecia and other cultures have flourished in the territory of present-day Italy, being eventually absorbed byRome, that has for centuries remained the leading political and religious centre of Western civilisation, capital of the Roman Empire and Christianity. During the Dark Ages, the Italian Peninsula faced calamitous invasions by barbarian tribes, but beginning around the 11th century, numerous Italian city-states rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking (indeed, modern capitalism has its roots in Medieval Italy).[15] Especially duringThe Renaissance, Italian culture thrived, producing scholars, artists, and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. Italian explorers such as Polo, Columbus, Vespucci, and Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy would remain fragmented into many warring states for the rest of the Middle Ages, subsequently falling prey to larger European powers such as France, Spain, and later Austria. -
Treaty Between the Holy See and Italy
TREATY BETWEEN THE HOLY SEE AND ITALY IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLY TRINITY Whereas: The Holy See and Italy have recognized the desirability of eliminating every existing reason for dissension between them by arriving at a definitive settlement of their reciprocal relations, one which is consistent with justice and with the dignity of the two Parties and which, by assuring to the Holy See in a permanent manner a position in fact and in law which guarantees it absolute independence for the fulfilment of its exalted mission in the world, permits the Holy See to consider as finally and irrevocably settled the “Roman Question”, which arose in 1870 by the annexation of Rome to the Kingdom of Italy under the Dynasty of the House of Savoy; Since, in order to assure the absolute and visible independence of the Holy See, it is required that it be guaranteed an indisputable sovereignty even in the international realm, it has been found necessary to create under special conditions Vatican City, recognizing the full ownership and the exclusive and absolute power and sovereign jurisdiction of the Holy See over the same; His Holiness the Supreme Pontiff Pius XI and His Majesty Victor Emanuel III King of Italy have agreed to conclude a Treaty, appointing for that purpose two Plenipotentiaries, namely, on behalf of His Holiness, His Eminence Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, his Secretary of State, and on behalf of His Majesty, His Excellency Sir Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister and Head of Government; which persons, having exchanged their respective full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following articles: Art. -
National Identity As Part of Ethical History Mirko Tasic, Webster
Conceptual Reality: National Identity as Part of Ethical History Mirko Tasic, Webster University, Thailand The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy 2019 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract This article explores the concept of national identity as ‘acceptable reality’ from three different perspectives: individuals, the society as a whole, and the international community. National identity and the process of its formation has been a hot topic in various fields of social science. However, most of the academic researches of national identity usually employ atomistic perspective of a nation-territory-sovereignty axis imposed by a long lasting dominance of rationalist theoretical approaches. In the quest to define what is identity of a nation and how it has been developed, the nation itself was omitted in all its complexity and taken as a self-explanatory notion. The process of admission of a nation in the pantheon of ethical sovereigns precedes the process of conceptualization and historical foundation of national identity. Thus, who, why and how is accepting and being accepted, rather than what is the identity of a nation which will be proudly exposed in the showcase of Oscar winning ethical nations, or dumped in the field of unethical (histories/identities) golden raspberries. The case study analysis of several European countries confirms the main assumption of this study, stated: the national identity is recognized as such only as part of ethical history, which again will determine the scope and concept of nation itself. This implies that national identity does not exist independently before the process of ethicalization. Keywords: national identity, ethical history, Tabula Rogeriana, poststructuralism iafor The International Academic Forum www.iafor.org Introduction The social sector often blurs the straight lines drawn in the political domain. -
Santamariaprrojadobe.Pdf
From: Virtual Reality in Archaeology, British Archaeological Reports International Series S 843, ed. J. A. Barcelo, M. Forte, and D. H. Sanders (ArcheoPress, Oxford 2000) 155-162. Virtual Reality and Ancient Rome: The UCLA Cultural VR Lab's Santa Maria Maggiore Project Prof. Bernard Frischer (UCLA Department of Classics; Director, UCLA Cultural VR Lab) Prof. Diane Favro (UCLA Department of Architecture and Urban Design) Dr. Paolo Liverani (Vatican Museums, Department of Classical Antiquities) Prof. Sible De Blaauw (Istituto Olandese di Roma) Dean Abernathy, Architect and Doctoral Student (UCLA Department of Architecture and Urban Design) (1) Introduction Since the fall of 1995, professors of Classics, Architecture, Education, and Information Science at UCLA, in conjunction with colleagues in the United States, Britain, and Italy, have been developing virtual reality (VR) models of buildings and monuments in ancient Rome (cf. fig. 1). This collaborative research effort is called the Rome Reborn Project in honor of the first systematic study of Roman topography, Flavio Biondo's mid-fifteenth century Roma Instaurata (de Grummond 1996: 160-61). Since January, 1998 the project has been housed in the UCLA Cultural VR Lab, which was created with support from Intel, the Creative Kids Education Foundation, Mr. Kirk Mathews, the UCLA Division of Humanities, the UCLA Humanities Computing Facility, the UCLA Center for Digital Innovation, the UCLA Graduate Division, the UCLA Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, and the UCLA College of Letters and Science. The Lab's mission is to provide technology support for projects like Rome Reborn that strive to recreate authenticated three-dimensional computer models of sites of great historic and cultural interest around the world. -
One Day Visit of the Vatican 1/1 01 July 2013 1
One day visit of the Vatican 1/1 01 july 2013 1 Location : Rome, Italy Description When visiting Rome, you cannot miss visiting the Vatican City/State. Whether a Catholic believer or not, The Vatican is definitly one of the Richest spots in the world in terms of Architecture, decoration and art works. Of course, if you are a Chistian, you add to this wealth the spiritual importance of this holy place. You need to count a full day to visit well the Vatican. I strongly recommend to take teh guided tours proposed on the Vatican website (see links in the recommednations) and in any case, you definitly need to buy the tickets online in order to avoid the huge queue before the Museum entrance. I would also recommend avoiding visits on Sundays since the Museum's visit is free, meaning longer queues, and the closure of the Gardens. Ideally, you should arrive a bit before the opening hours of Saint Peter's Basilica, and start the visit from there, than head up to the museum and finish in the gardens. Dress Code is very important, and you should avois wearing shorts, mini-skirts,... since you will be entering inside holy places. As in every highly touristic place with crowds, be carreful for Pick Pockets. Activities Saint Peter Basilica 1 Saint Peter Basilica, Rome, Italy You simply cannot visit Rome without going to the Vatican, whether Catholic or not. And Saint Peter is definitly one of the most amazing monuments you will visit in your life, besides its holy symbol ..