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Georg Mancelius Teoloogina Juhendatud Disputatsioonide Põhjal

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Georg Mancelius Teoloogina Juhendatud Disputatsioonide Põhjal Tartu Ülikool Usuteaduskond MERLE KAND GEORG MANCELIUS TEOLOOGINA JUHENDATUD DISPUTATSIOONIDE PÕHJAL magistritöö juhendaja MARJU LEPAJÕE, MA Tartu 2010 Sisukord SISSEJUHATUS .................................................................................................... 4 TÄNU ..................................................................................................................... 9 I. LUTERLIK ORTODOKSIA............................................................................. 10 1.1. Ajastu üldiseloomustus .............................................................................. 10 1.1.1. Ajalooline ülevaade ............................................................................ 10 1.1.2. Ortodoksia tekkepõhjused................................................................... 13 1.2. Luterlik ortodoksia..................................................................................... 14 1.2.1. Periodiseering, tähtsamad esindajad ning koolkonnad....................... 14 1.2.2. Luterliku ortodoksia teoloogilised põhijooned ................................... 17 1.2.2.1. Pühakiri........................................................................................ 17 1.2.2.2. Õpetus Jumalast ........................................................................... 19 1.2.2.3. Loomisest ja inimese pattulangemisest........................................ 22 1.2.2.4. Ettehooldest ja ettemääratusest.................................................... 23 1.2.2.5. Vabast tahtest............................................................................... 24 1.2.2.6. Seadusest, evangeeliumist ja patukahetsusest.............................. 25 1.2.2.7. Usust ja tegudest .......................................................................... 26 1.2.2.8. Sakramendist, kirikust ja viimsetest asjadest............................... 27 II. GEORG MANCELIUS.................................................................................... 30 2.1. Biograafiline ülevaade Georg Manceliusest .............................................. 30 2.2. Georg Mancelius ja Academia Gustaviana................................................ 32 Kokkuvõte......................................................................................................... 38 III. TEOLOOGIADISPUTATSIOONIDE ANALÜÜS ....................................... 39 Sissejuhatus....................................................................................................... 39 Disputatsioon .................................................................................................... 39 3.1. Disputatio De Sacrosancta Scriptura ......................................................... 41 3.1.1. Disputatsiooni üldülevaade................................................................. 41 3.1.1.1. Sissejuhatus ja Pühakirja definitsioon (1. – 6. tees)..................... 41 3.1.1.2. Jumala sõna avalikustamine Traditsiooni ja Kirjaga (7. – 14. tees) ................................................................................................................... 42 3.1.1.3. Ilmutatud ja kirjapandud õpetus (15.–47. tees)............................ 43 3.1.1.4. Pühakirja struktuur (48.– 54. tees)............................................... 44 3.1.1.5. Järeldus (55.–70. tees).................................................................. 45 3.1.2. Disputatsiooni analüüs........................................................................ 46 3.1.2.1. Vastandumine .............................................................................. 48 3.1.2.2. Toetumine .................................................................................... 53 Kokkuvõte..................................................................................................... 60 3.2. Disputatio contra Purgatorium................................................................... 61 3.2.1. Disputatsiooni üldülevaade................................................................. 61 3.2.1.1. Sissejuhatus (1.–2. tees)............................................................... 61 3.2.1.2. Ülevaade varasematest käsitlustest hinge seisundi kohta pärast surma (3.–6. tees)...................................................................................... 62 3.2.1.3. Tõestus purgatooriumi vastu (7.– 35. tees).................................. 63 3.2.1.3.1. Jumala Tõestus (8. tees)........................................................ 63 3.2.1.3.2. Tõestus hinge surematusest (7., 9.–10. tees)......................... 64 3.2.1.3.3. Tõestus purgatooriumi vastu laiemalt (11.–14. tees)............ 64 3.2.1.3.4. Tõestus purgatooriumi vastu kitsamalt (15.–35. tees) .......... 66 3.2.2. Disputatsiooni analüüs........................................................................ 68 2 3.2.2.1. Vastandumine .............................................................................. 74 3.2.2.2. Toetumine .................................................................................... 79 Kokkuvõte..................................................................................................... 81 3.3. Disputatio De Justificatione hominis peccatoris poenitentis coram Deo... 82 3.3.1. Disputatsiooni üldülevaade................................................................. 82 3.3.1.1. Sissejuhatus (1. – 4. tees)............................................................. 82 3.3.1.2. Sõna „õigeksmõistmine” (5.–11. tees)......................................... 84 3.3.1.3. Õigeksmõistmise põhjused (12.–42. tees) ................................... 85 3.3.1.3.1. Toimiv põhjus (12. tees) ....................................................... 85 3.3.1.3.2. Sisemine liikumapanev põhjus (13.–19. tees)....................... 86 3.3.1.3.3. Tulus põhjus (20.–25. tees)................................................... 86 3.3.1.3.4. Materiaalne põhjus (26.–28. tees)......................................... 87 3.3.1.3.5. Teokstegev põhjus (29.–37. tees).......................................... 88 3.3.1.3.6. Vormipõhjus (38.–41. tees)................................................... 89 3.3.1.3.7. Täideviiv põhjus (42. tees).................................................... 89 3.3.2. Disputatsiooni analüüs........................................................................ 90 3.3.2.1. Vastandumine .............................................................................. 97 3.3.2.2. Toetumine .................................................................................. 104 Kokkuvõte............................................................................................... 104 IV. MANCELIUS TEOLOOGINA JA TEMA PANUS .................................... 106 4. 1. Mancelius teoloogina.............................................................................. 106 4.1.1.Õpetus Pühakirjast ............................................................................. 106 4.1.2. Õpetus Jumalast ................................................................................ 107 4.1.3. Õpetus õigeksmõistmisest................................................................. 108 4.1.4. Õpetus eshatoloogiast ....................................................................... 108 4.2. Manceliuse panus..................................................................................... 109 KOKKUVÕTE ................................................................................................... 114 ALLIKAD JA KIRJANDUS .............................................................................. 117 1. Allikad..................................................................................................... 117 2. Kirjandus..................................................................................................... 118 3. Internetiväljaanded...................................................................................... 121 Georg Mancelius als Theologe auf Grund von betreuten Disputationen............ 122 Zusammenfassung........................................................................................... 122 Lisa 1. Disputatio De Sacrosancta Scriptura........................................... 127 Lisa 2. Disputatio contra Purgatorium.................................................... 141 Lisa 3. Disputatio De Justificatione hominis peccatoris poenitentis coram Deo.......................................................................................................... 154 3 SISSEJUHATUS 1. Teema valik ja töö eesmärk Käesoleva magistritöö teemaks valisin Georg Mancelius teoloogina juhendatud disputatsioonide põhjal , sest see on täiesti uurimata valdkond, hoolimata teema aktuaalsusest ja küllalt suurest tekstikorpusest. Kuna 17. sajandi teoloogia on allikate seisukohalt kesiselt uuritud nii meil kui ka mujal, sest see nõuab interdistsiplinaarset ettevalmistust, siis ma soovisin oma magistritöös uurida neid väitekirju ideeajaloolisest seisukohast ning kaasaja luterliku mõttearengu taustal, kontrollimaks hüpoteesi, et Tartu Ülikooli usuteaduskond oli ülimalt ortodoksne luterlik teaduskond. Töö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada Georg Manceliuse profiil teoloogina ning määrata tema panus teoloogilise mõtlejana Tartu ülikooli arengus. 2. Uurimisküsimused Lähtuvalt töö eesmärgist on magistritöö uurimisküsimused järgmised: 1) Milline on Georg Manceliuse profiil teoloogina? 2) Milline oli Georg Manceliuse panus Tartu Ülikooli arengus? 3) Kas 17. sajandi Tartu ülikooli usuteaduskond oli ülimalt ortodoksne luterlik
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