Appendix A: Soy Adi Kanunu (The Surname Law)
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Sinitic Languages of Northwest China: Where Did Their Case Marking Come From?* Dan Xu
Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?* Dan Xu To cite this version: Dan Xu. Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?*. Cao, Djamouri and Peyraube. Languages in contact in Northwestern China, 2015. hal-01386250 HAL Id: hal-01386250 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01386250 Submitted on 31 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?* XU DAN 1. Introduction In the early 1950s, Weinreich (1953) published a monograph on language contact. Although this subject drew the attention of a few scholars, at the time it remained marginal. Over two decades, several scholars including Moravcsik (1978), Thomason and Kaufman (1988), Aikhenvald (2002), Johanson (2002), Heine and Kuteva (2005) and others began to pay more attention to language contact. As Thomason and Kaufman (1988: 23) pointed out, language is a system, or even a system of systems. Perhaps this is why previous studies (Sapir, 1921: 203; Meillet 1921: 87) indicated that grammatical categories are not easily borrowed, since grammar is a system. -
Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol. -
Piggyback GAN: Efficient Lifelong Learning for Image Conditioned Generation
Piggyback GAN: Efficient Lifelong Learning for Image Conditioned Generation Mengyao Zhai1, Lei Chen1, Jiawei He1, Megha Nawhal1, Frederick Tung2, and Greg Mori1 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada 2 Borealis AI, Vancouver, Canada {mzhai, chenleic, jha203, mnawhal}@sfu.ca, [email protected], [email protected] Task 1 Task 2 Task … Task 1 Task 2 Task … conditional target conditional target conditional generated conditional generated images images images images images images images images (a) Ground truth (b) Sequential Fine-tuning conditional generated conditional generated conditional generated conditional generated images images images images images images images images add few additional parameters (c) Train a separate model for each task (d) Piggyback GAN Fig. 1. Lifelong learning of image-conditioned generation. The goal of lifelong learning is to build a model capable of adapting to tasks that are encountered se- quentially. Traditional fine-tuning methods are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting: when we add new tasks, the network forgets how to perform previous tasks (Figure 1 (b)). Storing a separate model for each task addresses catastrophic forgetting in an inefficient way as each set of parameters is only useful for a single task (Figure 1(c)). Our Piggyback GAN achieves image-conditioned generation with high image quality on par with separate models at a lower parameter cost by efficiently utilizing stored parameters (Figure 1 (d)). Abstract. Humans accumulate knowledge in a lifelong fashion. Modern deep neural networks, on the other hand, are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting: when adapted to perform new tasks, they often fail to pre- serve their performance on previously learned tasks. -
Accelerated WGAN Update Strategy with Loss Change Rate Balancing
Accelerated WGAN update strategy with loss change rate balancing Xu Ouyang Ying Chen Gady Agam Illinois Institute of Technology {xouyang3, ychen245}@hawk.iit.edu, [email protected] Abstract Optimizing the discriminator in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to completion in the inner training loop is computationally prohibitive, and on finite datasets would result in overfitting. To address this, a common update strat- egy is to alternate between k optimization steps for the dis- criminator D and one optimization step for the generator G. This strategy is repeated in various GAN algorithms where k is selected empirically. In this paper, we show that this update strategy is not optimal in terms of accuracy and con- vergence speed, and propose a new update strategy for net- works with Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) group related loss functions (e.g. WGAN, WGAN-GP, Deblur GAN, and Super resolution GAN). The proposed update strategy is based on a loss change ratio comparison of G and D. We demonstrate Figure 1. Comparison of the Frenchet Inception Distance (FID) that the proposed strategy improves both convergence speed for WGAN and the proposed adaptive WGAN with different co- and accuracy. efficient λ on the CIFAR10 dataset. A lower FID means better performance. The parameters nd and ng show the fixed number of update steps in WGAN for the discriminator and generator re- 1. Introduction spectively. GANs [8] provide an effective deep neural network framework that can capture data distribution. GANs are GANs minimize a probabilistic divergence between real and modeled as a min-max two-player game between a discrim- fake (generated by the generator) data distributions [22]. -
Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? a Study of Early Contacts Between Indo-Iranians and Chinese
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 216 October, 2011 Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? A Study of Early Contacts between Indo-Iranians and Chinese by ZHANG He Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1 -
Clans at Bukit Pasoh the Clan Associations of Bukit Pasoh Were, and Still Are, Integral to Their Respective Communities
Chinatown Stories | Updated as of August 2019 Clans At Bukit Pasoh The clan associations of Bukit Pasoh were, and still are, integral to their respective communities. In 19th and early 20th century Singapore, social services were sorely lacking. This was where the clan associations played a vital role: providing a community and invaluable support for fellow immigrants of common ancestry, surname or language, or those who were from the same hometown. Beyond social functions, some of these clans founded schools, provided scholarships, and supported local arts and culture. They also assisted members with important life events such as weddings and funerals. These clan associations used to be concentrated along certain streets in Chinatown, such as Bukit Pasoh Road. Even though their numbers are fast dwindling today due to diminishing membership and high operating costs, the few that remain at Bukit Pasoh such as Gan Clan, Tung On Wui Kun, Koh Clan and Chin Kang Huay Kuan have adapted to the times. They continue to pool resources to promote Chinese culture, guard their heritage and benefit the community. Gan Clan This kinship clan’s early years were fraught with obstacles. Dating from 1926, it was established for immigrants with the surname Gan (颜, Yan in Mandarin) and was known as the Lu Guo Tang (鲁国堂) Gan Clan Association. During the Japanese Occupation, it ceased operations, but re-registered itself as an association after 1948. However, it dissolved again as a result of weak organisational structure. Undeterred, founding chairman Gan Yue Cheng (颜有政) suggested reviving the clan during a banquet in 1965. -
Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………….... -
From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America LİBRA KİTAP: 65 HISTORY: 54 © Libra Kitapçılık Ve Yayıncılık
From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America LİBRA KİTAP: 65 HISTORY: 54 © Libra Kitapçılık ve Yayıncılık Page Layout: Merhaba Grafik Cover Design: Utku Lomlu Cover Photos: Front cover: Dr. Fuad Bey guest of Ottoman Welfare Association at a tea party given in his honour at Turkish Club in New York. Source: Fuad Mehmed [Umay], Amerika'da Türkler ve Gördüklerim, İstanbul, 1341, p.18. Back cover: Dr. Fuad Bey in New York with the officers of the assembly. Source: Fuad Mehmed [Umay], Amerika'da Türkler ve Gördüklerim, İstanbul, 1341, p.24. First edition: 2013 ISBN 978-605-4326-64-8 Printing and Binding Birlik Fotokopi Baskı Ozalit ve Büro Malzemeleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti. Nispetiye Mah. Birlik Sokak No: 2 Nevin Arıcan Plaza 34340 Levent / İstanbul Tel: (212) 269 30 00 Certificate No: 20179 Libra Kitapçılık ve Yayıncılık Ticaret A.Ş. Ebekızı Sok. Günaydın Apt. No: 9/2 Osmanbey / İstanbul Certificate No: 15705 Tel: 90- 212-232 99 04/05 Fax: 90- 212-231 11 29 E-posta: [email protected] www.librakitap.com.tr © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the writer, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or broadcast or academic publication. Rifat N. Balİ ~ From Anatolia to the New World Life Stories of the First Turkish Immigrants to America r Translated from the Turkish by Michael McGaha Biography Rifat N. -
Self-Supervised Gans Via Auxiliary Rotation Loss
Self-Supervised GANs via Auxiliary Rotation Loss Ting Chen∗ Xiaohua Zhai Marvin Ritter University of California, Los Angeles Google Brain Google Brain [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mario Lucic Neil Houlsby Google Brain Google Brain [email protected] [email protected] Abstract proposed [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. A major contributor to train- ing instability is the fact that the generator and discriminator Conditional GANs are at the forefront of natural image learn in a non-stationary environment. In particular, the dis- synthesis. The main drawback of such models is the neces- criminator is a classifier for which the distribution of one sity for labeled data. In this work we exploit two popular class (the fake samples) shifts as the generator changes dur- unsupervised learning techniques, adversarial training and ing training. In non-stationary online environments, neural self-supervision, and take a step towards bridging the gap networks forget previous tasks [11, 12, 13]. If the discrimi- between conditional and unconditional GANs. In particular, nator forgets previous classification boundaries, training may we allow the networks to collaborate on the task of repre- become unstable or cyclic. This issue is usually addressed sentation learning, while being adversarial with respect to either by reusing old samples or by applying continual learn- the classic GAN game. The role of self-supervision is to ing techniques [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. These issues become encourage the discriminator to learn meaningful feature rep- more prominent in the context of complex data sets. A key resentations which are not forgotten during training. -
Turkey's National Struggle: Contrasting Contemporary Views
Turkey’s National Struggle: Contrasting Contemporary Views and Understandings Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by David Richard Howard The Ohio State University June 2011 Project Advisor: Professor Carter Findley, Department of History Howard 2 Introduction: “In the first half of this century an amazing reversal took place—Turkey became a healthy nation in a relatively sick world.”1 This event, after the First World War, was one of the more controversial, mind-changing events of the early twentieth-century. The majority of the world considered the Turkish people to be finished and defeated, but the Turkish National Struggle (1919-1922) proved this opinion quite wrong. This paper examines the factors behind this successful national movement and the birth of the Republic of Turkey by offering comparative insights into contemporary accounts of the National Struggle to close in on the truth. This understanding of the subject will involve analysis and comparison of primary sources (in English) representing several different viewpoints of the period. The Turks were the only defeated people of the First World War to force a rewriting of the peace terms imposed on them at Versailles. The Treaty of Sèvres (1920) left the Turks with but a small part of central Anatolia and the Black Sea coast, and yet they managed to achieve victory in their National Struggle of 1919-1922 and force the Allied powers to a renegotiation of peace terms in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), thereby recognizing the emergence and legitimacy of the Turkish Republic. -
The Turkish Olympics: Festival Into the Gulen
The Turkish Olympics: Festival into the Gulen Movement By Sean David Hobbs Middle East Studies MA Thesis Prepared for: Dr. Helen Rizzo, Thesis Advisor Dr. Sherene Seikaly, First Reader Dr. Amy Austin Holmes, Second Reader Acknowledgements I recognize God, the Essence which moved me and made it possible to complete this thesis. Also I recognize my mother, I owe everything to her. My father was constantly there for me and his guiding words helped calm me as I went through the production of this thesis and the completion of my master’s degree. My uncles Bryan Hobbs and Joe Orler – and the rest of my family – were also helpful in giving me much needed support. Deepest gratitude to Gloria Powers, my NOLA matriarch, who taught me how “to hear that long snake moan.” Finally, Ralph, Father Joe and Sharron were life guides who lit the way and helped focus me toward this track. My advisor Dr. Helen Rizzo deserves a special thanks in that she gave this work focus and form and her kindness and encouragement were fundamental in completion of the thesis. My first reader, Dr. Sherene Seikaly, inspired me to create and criticize my initial fieldwork and she pushed me to grow as a student in her classes and in the writing of this thesis. Dr. Amy Austin Holms, my second reader, thankfully came in at the last moment as a reader when my original second reader had to leave the project. Dr. Holms’ ideas on the crafting and organization of the two ethnographies in this thesis clarified the final message.